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HISTORY 


OF    THE 


MEDICAL  SOCIETY 


OF    THE 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 


1817-1909 


WASHINGTON,    D.    C. 

PUBLISHED    BY    THE    SOCIETY 

1909 


BERESrORD.     PR., 
CITY    OF    WASHINGTON. 


HlSTJ>lV 

WB 
1 

PREFACE.  '^^"^ 


On  the  26th  of  September,  1866,  Dr.  J.  M.  Toner  made 
an  address  before  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Cokimbia,  the  occasion  being  the  forty-ninth  anniversary 
of  its  formation,  or  more  correctly,  of  the  first  meeting  pre- 
liminary to  its  formation.  The  address  was  largely  a  history 
of  the  Society,  and  was  the  outcome  of  much  laborious 
research.  It  is  due  to  Dr.  Toner  to  state  that  except  for 
some  fragments  of  history  by  a  few  other  persons  his  is 
the  only  account  of  the  first  half  century  of  the  Society's 
existence.  The  address  was  published  in  1869,*  and  was 
largely  the  basis  of  the  addresses  of  Drs.  Busey  and  W.  W. 
Johnston  at  the  seventy-fifth  anniversary,  February  16, 
1894.1 

Dr.  Busey,  in  a  notex  to  his  address,  says :  "I  take  great 

asure  in  making  the  statement  that  I  am  indebted  to 

,  J.  M.  Toner,  a  distinguished  member  of  this  Society, 

many   of   the   historical   data   cited   in   this   address." 

1  Dr.  Johnston§  says :  "The  history  and  origin  and  early 

^ress  of  the  organization  was  told  with  a  fullness  and 

lil  which  will  make  the  address  of  Dr.  J-  M.  Toner  a 

led  record  for  all  time  to  come.     I  wish  that  he  were 

niversary  oration  delivered  before  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 

tuber  26,  1866,  by  J.  M.  Toner,  IVL  D. ;  Washington,  1869. 

ansactions  and    Proceedings  of  the  Seventy-Fifth   Anniversary  of  the  Medical 

ty  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  celebrated  February  16,  1894. 

ansactions,  etc..  page  19. 

■d.  page  26. 


IV  .  PREFACE 

Standing  in  my  place  tonight  and  that  you  were  again 
listening  to  the  story  of  the  olden  time,  which  he  has  made 
so  full  of  freshness  and  of  life." 

Dr.  Busey,  in  his  address  at  the  announcement  of  Dr. 
Toner's  death,  October  21,  1896,  stated  that  (See  Busey's 
Souvenir,  p.  370)  "This  Society  will  hold  his  memory  in 
honored  remembrance  as  the  faithful  historian  who  through 
years  of  painstaking  and  laborious  investigation  collated  the 
early  history  of  the  profession  in  this  District  from  munici- 
pal and  national  records,  newspaper  publications,  family 
reminiscences,  legend  and  tradition.  He  verified  and 
arranged  the  data  with  such  accuracy  and  completeness  in 
an  address  delivered  September  26,  1866,  that  it  is  now  and 
always  will  be  accepted  as  the  standard  history  of  the 
medical  profession  of  this  District  prior  to  1866. 
He  was  eminent  and  conspicuous  as  a  patient,  industrious 
and  honest  student.  .  .  .  He  was  eminently  and 
acutely  truthful." 

The  Presidential  address  of  Dr.  D.  S.  Lamb,  December 
18,  1901,*  dealt  mainly  with  the  history  of  the  Society, 
which,  as  he  said  "had  been  written  more  especially  by  Dr. 
J.  M.  Toner."  Dr.  Lamb,  in  his  addressf  recommended 
that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  consider  the  question  of 
publishing  a  full  history,  of  the  Society,  and  report  at  its 
convenience.  The  recommendation  was  adopted  by  the 
Society,  and  a  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  W.  W.  John- 
ston, A.  F.  A.  King  and  E.  L.  Morgan  was  appointed.     Dr. 

*  Transactions  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  from  January,  1901, 
to  December,  1901 ;  Washington,  1902,  page  333. 
Mbid,  page  357. 


PREFACE  V 

Johnston  died  March  21,  1902,  and,  April  i6th,  Dr.  C.  H. 
A.  Kleinschmidt  was  appointed,  Dr.  King  becoming  chair- 
man. It  is  known  that  Dr.  Kleinschmidt  made  extensive 
researches,  but  the  material  that  he  collected  is  not  at  hand. 

January  10,  1906,  on  request  of  the  President  of  the 
Society,  Dr.  J.  D.  Morgan,  he  was  given  authority  to  enlarge 
the  committee  to  five,  and,  January  17th,  he  appointed  the 
following:  Dr.  A.  F.  A.  King,  Chairman,  and  Drs.  D.  S. 
Lamb,  C.  W.  Franzoni,  G.  Wythe  Cook  and  R.  T.  Holden. 
Dr.  King  resigned  April  3,  1907,  Dr.  Lamb  becoming  chair- 
man, and  in  August,  1908,  Dr.  L.  Eliot  was  added  to  the 
committee. 

As  soon  as  appointed  in  1906,  the  committee  went  to 
work,  and,  February  7th,  made  a  report  to  the  Society,  out- 
lining a  plan  of  work  and  was  given  authority  to  issue  a  cir- 
cular embodying  the  same.  The  Society  also  authorized  the 
committee  to  prepare  and  publish  the  History  and  draw  on 
the  Treasurer  for  funds  to  defray  the  necessary  expenses. 

From  time  to  time  the  subject  was  brought  to  the  attention 
of  the  Society  at  its  meetings  and  in  the  successive  issues 
of  the  "Washington  Medical  Annals."  The  members  were 
requested  to  furnish  their  personal  sketches  and  photographs 
to  the  committee.  A  card  catalogue  of  the  entire  member- 
ship was  made  in  duplicate,  and  the  personal  sketches  and 
photographs  were  gradually  collected.  At  first  it  was 
thouglit  to  arrange  the  photographs  in  albums,  but  later  it 
was  decided  to  reproduce  them  as  halftones  in  the  book. 
November  28,  1906,  the  committee  was  authorized  to  print 
one  thousand  copies.     October  7,  1908,  it  reported  that  the 


PREFACE 


manuscript  was  nearly  ready  for  the  printer,  and  October 
2ist,  the  Society  assessed  each  member  $3.00  to  meet  the 
cost  of  publication.     The  printing  began  in  January,  1909. 

The  sources  from  which  information  has  been  obtained 
in  preparing  the  History  are  as  follows : 

I.  The  manuscript  and  typewritten  records  of  the 
Society,  including  the  volumes  of  transactions.  The  first 
volume  of  transactions  of  the  Society,  comprising  the  period 
from  its  beginning  to  January  i,  1838,  has  long  been 
missing.  At  one  time  it  was  thought  to  be  in  the  possession 
of  the  family  of  the  late  Dr.  Thomas  Sewall,  but  inquiry 
failed  to  discover  it ;  it  was  then  concluded  to  have  been  de- 
stroyed in  the  fire  that  burned  the  Washington  Infirmary  in 
1861. 

The  second  volume  included  the  period  from  January  i, 
1838,  to  October  31,  1866,  and  was  fully  indexed  by  the 
Recording  Secretary,  Dr.  A.  F.  A.  King.  The  third  volume 
included  the  time  from  November  7,  1866,  to  November  3, 
1869,  and  was  indexed  by  the  Secretary,  Dr.  Wm.  Lee.  The 
fourth  from  November  10,  1869,  to  December  18,  1872, 
was  not  indexed.    The  fifth  from  January  6,  1873,  to  July 

21,  1874;  sixth,  from  September  9,  1874,  to  May  17,  1876; 
seventh,  from  May  24,  1876,  to  December  20,  1878;  eighth, 
from  January  6,  1879,  to  September  21,  1881  ;  all  were 
indexed.  The  ninth  was  from  September  28,  1881,  to 
February  27,  1884;  tenth,  from  March  5,  1884,  to  December 

22,  1886;  neither  was  indexed.  The  succeeding  volumes 
were  each  for  one  year  and  were  indexed,  and  many  were 
typewritten. 


PREFACE  vil 

There  are  also  a  few  books  in  manuscript,  such  as  were 
kept  by  the  Corresponding  Secretary,  including  copies  of  his 
correspondence. 

2.  The  printed  records  of  the  Society,  which  include  the 
occasional  publication  of  the  charter,  constitution  and  by- 
laws and  list  of  members  under  one  cover.  Such  publica- 
tions were  made  in  1820,  following  the  first  charter;  in 
1839,  following  the  second  charter;  in  1854,  1861,  1867, 
1870,  1882,  1894,  1897  and  1904.  Several  of  these  were 
necessitated  by  the  numerous  changes  that  had  been  made 
in  the  constitution  and  by-laws.  To  these  must  be  added  the 
catalogue  published  in  1885. 

Some  portion  of  the  Society's  transactions  appeared  in 
Volume  II,  of  the  "National  Medical  Journal,"  Washington. 
This  journal  was  pubHshed,  Vol.  I,  1870-1,  edited  by  Dr. 
C.  C.  Cox;  Vol.  II,  1871-2,  edited  by  Drs.  Busey  and  Lee. 
That  portion  of  the  Transactions  from  November  18,  1868, 
to  December,  1870,  appeared  in  the  second  volume. 

"Transactions  of  the  Society,"  published  quarterly  by  the 
Society,  from  April,  1874,  to  December  20,  1878,  inclusive; 
five  volumes.  This  publication  covered  much  of  the  work 
of  the  Society  from  1865  to  February,  1878. 

The  "National  Medical  Review,"  published  in  Wash- 
ington by  Walter  Scott  Wells ;  six  numbers  were  published ; 
December  to  May,  1878-9.  A  number  of  contributions  to 
the  Society  w'ere  published  in  this  journal. 

"Walsh's  Retrospect  of  American  Medicine  and  Sur- 
gery," published  in  Washington;  Volumes  I  to  III,  1880 
to  1882.     Ralph  Walsh  and  T.  E.  McArdle  edited  the  first 


VUl  PREFACE 

and  Walsh  the  other  volumes.  Only  a  very  few  contribu- 
tions to  the  Society  appeared  in  this  journal. 

The  ''Maryland  Medical  Journal,"  Vols.  IX  to  XIII, 
1882-3  to  1885,  contained  much  of  the  Society  work  from 
January  17,  1883,  to  June  17,  1885. 

"Journal  of  the  American  Medical  Association,"  1882 
to  1909. 

"National  ]\Iedical  Review,"  Washington,  D.  C,  1892  to 
its  suspension  in  1901. 

"Washington  Medical  Annals,"  the  official  publication  of 
the  Society's  work,  1901  to  1909. 

3.  Besides  the  above  mentioned  publications  the  follow- 
ing have  also  been  consulted : 

Toner's  Anniversary  Oration,  1866.  Dr.  Toner  compiled 
a  list  of  members  and  officers  (ibid,  p.  19)  from  1818  to 
1838,  from  the  "National  Intelligencer"  and  other  sources, 
chiefly  made  up,  as  he  says,  from  publications  authorized 
from  time  to  time  by  the  Society.  He  believed  the  list 
was  correct. 

"Toner's  Medical  Register  of  the  District  of  Columbia," 
1867. 

Busey's  four  volumes,  "Personal  Reminiscences,"  &c., 
Washington,  1895;  "A  Souvenir,"  &c.,  Washington, 
1896;  "Pictures  of  the  City  of  Washington,"  &c.,  1898; 
"Annual  Addresses,"  Washington,  1899. 

"Index  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Surgeon  General's 
Office,"  two  series. 

"Transactions  of  the  American  Medical  Association," 
33  Vols. 

"Congressional  Globe"  and  "Congressional  Record." 


PREFACE  IX 

L.  Eliot — "Historical  Roster  of  the  Medical  Association, 

D.  C,  1899." 

The  halftones  were  made  by  the  Joyce  Engraving  Co.  of 
Washington,  and  are  arranged  in  the  order  of  accession  to 
membership  in  the  Society.  Some  photographs  received 
were  not  distinct  enough  to  make  good  halftones.  Two 
portraits  were  duplicated,  appearing  in  both  the  Honorary 
and  Active  list — Drs.  Antisell  and  Bedford  Brown.  Two 
others  were  duplicated  through  inadvertence — Drs.  Ball 
and  Hoover.  Another,  Dr.  Garnett,  was  duplicated  because 
the  first  photograph  received  was  not  as  desirable  as  the 
second.  In  three  cases  there  is  misspelling  in  the  names; 
Byrnes  should  be  Byrns;  Isadore  (Bermann)  should  be 
Isidor;  Phoebe   (Norris)   should  be  Phebe. 

The  thanks  of  the  Society  as  well  as  the  committee  are 
due  to  the  following  persons  for  assistance  in  the  work : 
To  Dr.  J.  D.  Morgan,  and  Miss  Cordelia  Jackson  of  George- 
town, for  their  general  interest  in  the  work  and  especially 
in  obtaining  personal  sketches  and  photographs.     To  Drs. 

E.  L.  Morgan,  H.  A.  Robbins  and  J.  H.  Yarnall,  for  similar 

aid.     To  Dr.  Isabel  H.  Lamb,  for  comparing  all  the  copy 

with  the  proof;  and  to  Miss  Alice  Haslup,  of  Washington, 

for  making  photographs  of  places  of  meeting  without  any 

charge. 

D.  S.  Lamb. 

C.  W.   Franzoni, 

G.   Wythe  Cook, 

R.   T.   HOLDEN, 

Llewellin  Eeiot, 
September  i,  1909.      "  '  'X?.  Committee  on  History. 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 


HISTORY. 

PAGE. 

Places  of  Meeting  of  the  Medical  Society,         .....  i6 

The  Medical  Board  of  Examiners  of  the  District  of  Columbia,         .  19 

The  Seal  of  the  Society, 23 

National  and  International  Societies,         ......  24 

Smallpox  and  Vaccination, 27 

Medical  Ethics, 30 

Hospitals  and  Dispensaries  of  the  District  of  Columbia,           .         ,  33 

The  Library  of  the  Society, 40 

Obituaries,           ...........  43 

Coroner's  Inquests,     ..........  46 

Quackery  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 47 

The  Scientific  Work  of  the  Society  ;   the  Essays  read  ;   the  Path- 
ological Specimens  and  Patients  Presented;  and  the  Discussions 

thereon,        ...........  53 

The  Society  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  Generally,      ...  63 

Asiatic  Cholera,           ..........  66 

The  Publication  of  the  Transactions  of  the  Society,          ...  67 

The  Medical  Hall, 84 

Another  Medical  Building, 88 

Prize  Essays,        ...........  90 

The  Pharmacists  of  the  District  of  Columbia,            ....  91 

The  Anniversaries  of  the  Society,      .......  94 

Portraits  of  Members,         .........  97 

Investments,        ...........  98 

The  Society  and  Medical  History  and  Statistics,       ....  99 

The  Society  and  Colored  Physicians,         ......  100 

1S69  to  1872, 100 

The  Society  and  the  Health  Department  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  105 
Practical  Anatomy,     .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .         .116 

Homoeopathy,     ...........  117 

Women  Physicians,    .         .         ,         .         .         .         .         .         .         .119 

Certificates  of  Illness,         .........  121 

Compensation  to  the  Officers  of  the  Society 122 

The  National  Surgical  Institute  of  the  District  of  Columbia,   .         .  124 

Complimentary  Action  of  the  Society  to  Certain  Members,     .         .  127 

Regulation  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  133 


Xll  CONTENTS 

PAGE. 

Malaria  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 138 

Nurses I45 

The  Abattoir, 146 

Reminiscences,            ..........  147 

The  Society  and  the  Water  Supply  of  the  District  of  Columbia  ; 

and  Typhoid  Fever,     .........  153 

An  Inebriate  Asylum  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 165 

Licentiates  of  the  Society, 165 

Contagious  Diseases  Other  Than  Smallpox  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia,         ...........  166 

The  Testimony  of  Physicians  in  Court 169 

The  Eclectic  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,       .         .  170 

The  Ice  Trust 171 

The  Feeding  of  Infants, 172 

The  Medical  College  Act, 172 

Tuberculosis,       ...........  176 

The  Society  and  the  Milk  Supply  of  the  District  of  Columbia,        .  178 

Vivisection,         ...........  181 

The  Eyes  of  School  Children, 184 

The  Opium  Habit 186 

The  Society  and  the  Health  of  School  Children,       ....  188 

Codification  of  the  Laws  of  the  District  of  Columbia,       .         .         .  188 

Spitting  in  Public,      ..........  190 

Medical  Inspection  of  Schools  in  the  District  of  Columbia,     .         .  191 

Psycho-Physical  Laboratory,     ........  192 

The  Insane  of  the  District  of  Columbia,    ......  192 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Society,          .....  193 

Association  of  State  Medical  Journals, 199 

Reviewers,           ...........  200 

The  Medical  Association, 202 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Honorary  Members, 207 

Active  Members,  Personal  Sketches,     "    .         .         .         .         .         .  209 

Additions  to  Sketches,        .........  398 

Table  I  ;  Place  of  Birth, 401 

Table  II ;   Medical  College  From  Which  Graduated,        .         .         .  403 

Table  III ;   Non-Medical  Educational  Institutions  Attended,           .  407 

Table  IV ;   Army,  Navy  and  Marine  Hospital  Service,     .         .         .  413 

APPENDIX. 

The  Constitution  and  By-Laws  and  Changes  Therein,     .        .        .  417 

Subject  Index,    ...........  443 

Personal  Index, 454 


U.S.  PATENT  OFFICE 


ASSEMBLY    BUILDING 
COLUMBIAN  COLLEGE 

I5IH  &   H      STS.    N  .  W. 


HISTORY. 


Oil  the  9th  of  July,  1790,  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  passed  a  law  establishing  the  seat  of  the  National 
Government  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac  River.  On  the 
1 6th  of  the  same  month  the  law  was  approved  by  Presi- 
dent George  Washington.  September  19,  1793,  President 
Washington  laid  the  corner  stone  of  the  United  States 
Capitol,  and  on  the  third  Monday  in  November,  1800, 
Congress  began  its  first  session  in  the  "  City  of  Washing- 
ton." 

The  new  city  was  then  but  sparsely  inhabited  and 
there  were  few  physicians.  According  to  Dr.  J.  M.  Toner* 
there  were  only  nine  physicians  and  two  apothecaries  in 
18 1 5.  Today  (1909)  there  are  registered  at  the  Health 
Office  of  the  District  of  Columbia  1,581  physicians,  648 
dentists  and  597  pharmacists. 

We  are  further  told  by  Dr.  Toner  that  the  first  assem- 
bling of  physicians  that  took  place  in  Washington  was  in 
1813,  and  was  called  to  take  action  on  the  death  of  Dr. 
Benjamin  Rush,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  and  known  also  as  the  "  Founder  of  Amer- 
ican Medicine." 

According  to  Dr.  S.  C.  Busey,  the  Medical  Society  of 
the  District  of  Columbia  was  number  twelve  in  the  list  of 
Medical  Societies  in  the  United  States  which  in  1894  had 
reached  the  age  of  seventy-five  years,  and  was  probably  the 
first  scientific  society  chartered  by  Act  of  Congress.     Ten  of 

*  Oration,  1S69.  p.  37. 
I 


2  MEDICAI^  SOCIETY 

the  founders  of  the  Society  were  natives  of  INIaryland,  four 
were  Virginians,  two  were  from  Massachusetts,  three  were 
born  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  of  two  the  nativities 
are  unknown.  The  Society  is  a  natural  and  direct  heir  of 
the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  and  three 
founders  of  the  Faculty  became  afterwards  incorporators 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  It 
may  be  added  that  of  the  twenty-one  original  incorporators 
of  the  Society,  six  were  surgeons  in  the  U.  S.  Army,  two 
in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  and  one  served  in  both — nearly  one 
half  the  entire  number  of  incorporators. 

The  eleven  other  societies  referred  to  were  as  follows  : 
New  Jersey  ]\Iedical  Society,  organized  in  1766;  Massa- 
chusetts Medical  Society,  in  1781  ;  College  of  Physicians, 
Philadelphia,  1787;  New  Hampshire  IMedical  Society 
1791  ;  Connecticut  Medical  Society,  1792;  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1799;  New  York  Medi- 
cal Society,  1806;  Albany  (N.  Y.,)  Medical  Society,  1806; 
New  York  County  Medical  Society,  1807  ;  Rhode  Island 
Medical  Society,  181 1  ;  and  Vermont  Medical  Society, 
1814.  * 

It  should  be  remembered  that  from  1790  until  1846  the 
city  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  was  included  in  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  District  there  were  many  medical 
charlatans,  who  not  only  imposed  on  the  citizens  but  worked 
a  hardship,  as  such  pretenders  always  do,  to  the  regularly 
qualified  physicians.  This  condition  of  things  was  largely 
the  reason  for  the  formation  of  the  Medical  Society.  By  a 
canvass  of  the  regular  physicians  it  was  ascertained  that 
there  was  a  unanimous  sentiment  in  favor  of  founding  such 
a  society.  An  advertisement  was  accordingly  inserted  in 
the  principal  Washington  newspaper,  the  "  National  Intel- 

*Trans.  75th  Anniv.  Med.  Soc.  D.  C,  p.  17. 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  3 

ligencer,"  September  24,  1817,  that  "The  physicians  of 
Washington  and  Georgetown  are  requested  to  meet  at  Ten- 
nison's  Hotel  on  Friday,  the  26th  instant,  at  11  o'clock,  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  into  consideration  the  organization 
of  a  Medical  Society."* 

The  meeting  was  held  as  advertised  ;  sixteen  physi- 
cians, including  nearly  all  those  practicing  in  Washington 
and  Georgetown,  attended.  They  were  Drs.  B.  S.  Bohrer, 
J.  H.  Blake,  George  Clark,  Robert  French,  John  Harrison, 
Thomas  Henderson,  Samuel  Horsley,  Henry  Huntt,  James 
T.  Johnson,  William  Jones,  J.  P.  C.  McMahon,  Alex.  Mc- 
Williams,  Thomas  Sim,  Peregrine  Warfield  and  Charles 
and  Nicholas  Worthington.  Dr.  Charles  Worthington  was 
made  chairman  and  Dr.  Huntt,  secretary.  The  object  of 
the  meeting  was  explained  and  the  following  resolution 
was  unanimously  adopted  :  "  Resolved^  that  the  physicians 
attending  this  meeting  deem  it  important  and  expedient  to 
organize  at  once  a  society  in  the  District  for  the  promotion 
of  medical  science." 

Dr.  W.  W.  Johnston  describes  this  meeting  as  follows : 

"  In  a  small  hotel  or  tavern,  called  Tennison's,  situated 
on  Pennsylvania  Avenue  near  Fourteenth  Street,  on  the 
morning  of  September  26,  181 7,  at  11  o'clock,  there  were 
gathered  sixteen  men.      *     *      * 

"They  form  an  interesting  group  as  they  sit  there. 
They  were  the  descendants  of  that  better  class  of  settlers 
who  came  to  America,  some  in  the  spirit  of  adventure  (the 
Old  World  being  too  narrow  for  their  ambition),  some  for 
conscience  sake,  seeking  a  new  home  from  political  or 
religious  disaffection,  but  bringing  with  them  the  tastes, 
the  courtesies  and  much  of  the  wealth  of  the  old  European 
life.  The  ancestor  of  Dr.  Thomas  Sewall,  who  settled  in 
Washington  in  1820,  crossed  the  ocean  to  America  in  1814, 
plentifully  provided  with  money  and  English  servants,  neat 

*  Toner,  Oration,  p.  8  et  seg. 


4  MEDIC AI,  SOCIETY 

cattle  and  provisions,  and  with  other  things  snitable  for  the 
commencement  of  a  plantation.  j\Iany  were  the  heirs  of 
large  estates,  and  inherited  the  gallant  bearing  and  good 
looks  of  their  ancestry.  Their  names,  too,  tell  us  of  what 
stock  they  came — Worthington,  Warfield,  Henderson, 
Blake,  McWilliams,  JNIcMahon,  are  the  same  .race  which 
has  always  been  found  equal  to  every  emergency  in  Europe 
or  America. 

"  There  was  youth  as  well  as  hearty  manhood  in  this 
gathering  :  Worthington  was  57  ;  Blake,  50  ;  Huntt,  35  ; 
Bohrer,  29 ;  William  Jones,  28  ;  and  Weightman,  24* — 
matured  wisdom  and  judgment  united  to  youthful  fire, 
qualities  needed  in  a  new  enterprize  like  this.  We  can  see 
them  there  in  Tennisou's  Tavern,  as  fine  a  looking  body  of 
hale,  handsome  men  as  could  be  seen  anywhere,  with 
strong  faces,  indicating  the  set  purpose  and  the  firm  deci- 
sion to  do  all  that  was  possible  for  the  advancement  of  their 
profession  in  this,  the  new  Capital  of  the  Country."t 

A  committee  of  seven  was  selected  to  draft  a  constitu- 
tion and  by-laws  for  the  government  of  the  Society,  which 
was  to  be  called  the  "  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Columbia.'"  The  committee  consisted  of  Drs.  Blake,  Thos. 
Sim,  Henderson,  Clark,  Charles  Worthington,  Warfield  and 
Huntt.  The  committee  reported  November  3d  ;  some 
amendments  were  offered  and  some  portions  of  the  proposed 
constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted  ;  the  remainder  were 
adopted  November  loth.  The  constitution  and  by-laws 
were  ordered  to  be  copied  in  a  book  and  signed  by  the 
members.  As  this  work  required  time,  it  was  ordered  that 
the  next  meeting  should  be  held  January  5,  1818,  and  that 
all  physicians  of  the  District  should  be  invited  to  attend 
and  take  part  in  adopting  the  constitution  and  by-laws  as 
a  whole  and  in  the  election  of  officers. 

At  the  meeting  January  5th  Charles  Worthington  was 

*  Weightmau's  name  is  not  in  the  list  of  sixteen  as  given  by  Dr.  Toner. 
t75th  Anniv.  Trans,  of  Soc.,  1894.  p.  28. 


DISTRICT  OF  COI<UMBIA  5 

elected  President ;  Arnold  Elzey  and  J.  H.  Blake,  Vice 
Presidents  ;  Henry  Huntt,  Corresponding  Secretary  ;  Thos. 
Henderson,  Recording  Secretary ;  Richard  Weightman, 
Librarian  ;  and  Wm.  Jones,  Treasnrer.  "  Thns,"  says  Dr. 
Toner,  "  was  launched  on  the  waters  of  time  a  new  craft  that 
was  destined  to  affect  materially  the  social,  intellectual, moral 
and  sanitary  character  of  the  District.  Meetings  were  held 
quarterly,  at  which  papers  were  read  and  discussed,  and 
sometimes  adjourned  meetings  were  also  held.  Some  of 
the  papers  read  were  published."*  Dr.  Toner  also  states 
that  as  far  as  professional  improvement  was  concerned  the 
expectations  of  the  members  were  more  than  realized,  but 
that  the  expected  relief  from  charlatans  did  not  come.  The 
members  of  the  Society  finally  came  to  the  conclusion  that 
in  order  to  obtain  this  relief  it  would  be  necessary  to  secure 
the  enactment  of  some  law  that  would  prevent  any  but 
competent  physicians  from  beginning  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  the  District  of  Columbia.  Accordingly  twenty-one 
members  of  the  Society  applied  to  Congress  in  1818  for  a 
charter  or  act  of  incorporation  as  a  Medical  Society.  The 
charter  was  granted,  approved  by  President  Monroe,  Feb- 
ruary 16,  1 8 19.  It  was  almost  an  exact  copy  of  that  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland. 

An  Act  to  incorporate  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District 

OF  Columbia. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  in  Congress  assevibled.  That  Charles  Worthington, 
James  H.  Blake,  John  T.  Shaaff,  Thomas  Sim,  Frederick  May,  Joel  T. 
Gustine,  EHsha  Harrison,  Peregrine  Warfield,  Alexander  Mc Williams, 
George  Clark,  Henry  Huntt,  Thomas  Henderson,  John  Harrison,  Benja- 
min S.  Bohrer,  Samuel  Horseley,  Nicholas  W.  Worthington,  William 
Jones,  James  T.  Johnson,  Richard  Weightman,  George  May,  Robert 
French,  and  such  persons  as  they  may  from  time  to  time  elect,  and  their 
successors,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  a  community,  corporation,  and  body 
politic,  forever,  by  and  under  the  name  and  title  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  the  District  of  Columbia  ;  and  by  and  under  the  same  name  and  title 

♦Toner's  Oration,  p.  10. 


6  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

they  shall  be  able  and  capable  in  law  to  purchase,  take,  have  and  enjoy, 
to  iheni  and  their  successors,  in  fee  or  for  lease,  estate  or  estates,  any 
land,  tenements,  rents,  annuities,  chattels,  bank  stock,  registered  debts, 
or  other  public  securities  within  the  District,  by  the  gift,  bargain,  sale, 
demise,  or  of  any  person  or  persons,  bodies  politic  or  corporate,  capable 
to  make  the  same,  and  the  same,  at  their  pleasure,  to  alien,  sell,  transfer 
or  lease  and  apply  to  such  purposes  as  they  may  adjudge  most  condu- 
cive to  the  promoting  and  disseminating  medical  and  surgical  knowledge, 
and  for  no  other  purpose  whatever  :  Provided  iteverthetess,  That  the  said 
society,  or  body  politic,  shall  not,  at  any  one  time,  hold  or  possess  prop- 
erty, real  personal  or  mixt,  exceeding  in  total  value  the  sum  of  six  thou- 
sand dollars  per  annum. 

Sec.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  the  members  of  the  said 
societ)-,  above  designated,  shall  hold,  in  the  City  of  Washington,  four  stated 
meetings  in  every  year,  viz  :  on  the  first  Mondays  in  January,  April,  July 
and  October  ;  the  officers  of  the  society  to  consist  of  a  President,  two 
Vice-Presidents,  one  Corresponding  Secretary,  one  Recording  Secretary, 
one  Treasurer  and  one  Librarian,  who  shall  be  appointed  on  the  second 
Monday  in  March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  nineteen,  and  on  the 
annual  meeting  in  January  forever  thereafter,  (not  less  than  seven  mem- 
bers being  present  at  such  meeting),  and  the  society  may  make  a  common 
seal,  and  may  elect  into  their  body  such  medical  and  chirurgical  practi- 
tioners, within  the  District  of  Columbia,  as  they  may  deem  qualified  to 
become  members  of  the  society  ;  it  being  understood  that  the  officers  of 
the  society  now  elected  are  to  remain  in  office  until  the  next  election 
after  the  passage  of  this  act. 

Sec.  3.  Ayid  be  it  further  enacted.  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful 
for  the  said  Medical  Society,  or  any  number  of  them  attending,  (not  less 
than  seven),  to  elect  by  ballot  five  persons,  residents  of  the  District,  who 
shall  be  stiled  the  Medical  Board  of  Examiners  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  grant  licenses  to  such  medical  and  chirur- 
gical gentlemen  as  they  may,  upon  a  full  examination,  judge  adequate  to 
commence  the  practice  of  the  medical  and  chirurgical  arts,  or  as  may  pro- 
duce diplomas  from  some  respectable  college  or  society  ;  each  person  so 
obtaining  a  certificate  to  pay  a  sum  not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  to  be  fixed 
on  or  ascertained  by  the  society. 

Sec.  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  any  three  of  the  examiners 
shall  constitute  a  board  for  examining  such  candidates  as  may  apply,  and 
shall  subscribe  their  names  to  each  certificate  by  them  granted,  which 
certificate  shall  also  be  countersigned  by  the  President  of  the  society,  and 
have  the  seal  of  the  society  affixed  thereto  by  the  Secretary,  upon  paying 
into  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  the  sum  of  money  to  be  ascertained,  as 
above,  by  the  society  ;  and  any  one  of  the  said  examiners  may  grant  a 
license  to  practice,  until  a  board,  in  conformity  to  this  act,  can  be  held  ; 
Provided,  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall  authorize  the  said  corpora- 
tion in  any  wise  to  regulate  the  price  of  medical  or  chirurgical  attend- 
ance, on  such  persons  as  may  need  those  services. 

Sec.  5.  And  be  it  further  eftacted,  That  after  the  appointment  of  the 
aforesaid  medical  board,  no  person,  not  heretofore  a  practitioner  of  medi- 
cine or  surgery  within  the  District  of  Columbia,  shall  be  allowed  to  prac- 
tice within  the  said  District,  in  either  of  said  branches,  and  receive  payment 
for  his  services,  without  first  having  obtained  a  license,  testified  as  by 
this  law  directed,  or  without  the  production  of  a  diploma,  under  the  penalty 
of  fifty  dollars  for  each  offence,  to  be  recovered  in  the  county  court  where 


DI.STRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA  7 

he  may  reside,  by  bill  of  presentment  and  indictment ;  one  half  for  the 
use  of  the  society,  and  the  other  for  that  of  the  informer. 

Sec.  6.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  every  person  who,  upon 
application,  shall  be  elected  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society,  shall  pay 
a  sum  not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  to  be  ascertained  by  the  society. 

Sec.  7.  And  be  it  ftuther  enacted.  That  the  Medical  Society  be,  and 
they  are  hereby  empowered,  from  time  to  time,  to  make  such  by-laws, 
rules  and  regulations,  as  they  may  find  requisite,  to  break  or  alter  their 
common  seal,  to  fix  the  times  and  places  for  the  meetings  of  the  board  of 
examiners,  filling  up  vacancies  in  the  medical  board,  and  to  do  and  per- 
form such  other  things  as  may  be  requisite  for  carrying  this  act  into  exe- 
cution, and  which  may  not  be  repugnant  to  the  constitution  and  laws  of 
the  United  States  ;  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall  extend 
to  prohibit  any  person  during  his  actual  residence  in  any  of  the  United 
States,  and  who,  by  the  laws  of  the  state  wherein  he  doth  or  may  reside,  is 
not  prohibited  from  practising  in  either  of  the  above  branches,  from  practis- 
ing in  this  District ;  Provided  always,  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for 
any  person,  resident  as  aforesaid,  and  not  prohibited  as  aforesaid,  when 
specially  sent  for,  to  come  into  any  part  of  this  District,  and  administer 
or  prescribe  medicine,  or  perform  any  operation  for  the  relief  of  such  to 
whose  assistance  he  may  be  sent  for. 

Sbc.  8.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  Congress  may,  at  any  time, 
alter,  amend,  or  annul  this  act  of  incorporation  of  said  society  at  pleasure. 

H.  CLAY, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
DANIEL   D.   TOMPKINS, 
Vice  President  of  the  United  States  and  President  of  the  Senate. 

JAMES    MONROE. 
Approved  February  16,  1819. 

A  curious  lapse  in  language  occurred  in  the  charter  of 
the  Medical  Society.  That  of  the  Maryland  Faculty,  in 
enumerating  the  ways  in  which  that  Faculty  might  acquire 
property,  stated  that  they  might  be  by  gift,  bargain,  sale, 
devise  of  any  person  or  persons  ;  but  the  charter  of  the 
IMedical  Society  of  this  District  uses  the  words  "  gift,  bar- 
gain, sale,  demise.,  or  of  any  person  or  persons."  The  same 
lapse  reappeared  in  the  second  charter,  that  of  1838. 

On  the  3d  of  the  following  March  a  notice  appeared  in 
the  "  National  Intelligencer"  that : 

"By  an  act  of  Congress  the  Medical  Society  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  has  been  incorporated,  and  by  a  provision 
of  the  act  the  term  of  service  of  the  officers  expires  on  the 
8th  of  March.  A  meeting  of  the  Society  is  called  on  Mon- 
day next  (March  8th)  at   11   o'clock,  at  Strother's  Hotel, 


8  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

where  much  business  of  great  importance  to  the  Society 
will  be  laid  before  the  members,  who  are  notified  to  attend 
precisely  at  the  hour  appointed. 

"  The  Library  Committee  are  requested  to  meet  at  the 
same  place  on  the  same  day,  at  lo  o'clock,  and  prepare  to 
make  a  report.  (Signed)  Thomas  Henderson,  Recording 
Secretary." 

The  meeting  was  held  and  officers  were  elected  for  the 
year.  In  addition  to  those  provided  for  by  the  charter, 
three  Censors  were  elected.  The  constitution  and  by-laws 
made  no  mention  of  any  such  officers,  and  it  is  not  clear 
what  were  their  duties.     (See  Board  of  Censors.) 

Dr.  Toner  states  that  the  members  attended  the  four 
meetings  of  the  year  with  much  punctuality  and  showed 
great  interest  in  the  success  of  the  Society. 

"  The  papers  read  before  it  were  well  prepared  and  the 
discussions  which  followed  were  able  and  practical.  A  hall 
was  rented  in  1819  for  the  use  of  the  Society  and  a  library 
collected  by  donation  and  purchase.  It  seems,  however, 
that  the  novelty  of  the  meetings  gradually  wore  away  with 
the  younger  members,  and  some  of  the  older  ones  became 
infirm  and  ceased  to  attend,  or  died.  The  interest  in  the 
proceedings  and  discussions  gradually  abated,  and  in  a  few 
years  barely  a  quorum  could  be  got  together."  He  adds 
that  ''  there  was  an  absence  of  fraternal  feeling  among  the 
younger  members  and  the  strangers  who  came  to  the  city 
to  practice  ;  and  that  the  opening  of  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  Columbian  College  in  182 1  added  to  the  indiffer- 
ence, because  it  was  a  '  new  source  of  professional  entertain- 
ment.' "* 

Still  another  adverse  condition  presented  itself,  namely, 
a  dispute  as  to  the  need  of  a  licensing  body,  since  a  diploma 
from  a  medical  college  was  all  that  was  required  or  contem- 
plated by  the  provision  of  the  charter. 

*Toner's  Oration,  p.  He/  seg. 


DISTRICT  OF  COI.UMBIA  9 

"In  1825  ^^'^  1826,  during  a  period  of  the  most  active 
discontent  among  the  members,*  a  very  determined  effort 
was  made  by  a  few  physicians  of  Washington  and  George- 
town to  form  a  new  medical  society  which  should  supersede 
the  chartered  organization.  The  profession  was  thoroughly 
canvassed  and  several  meetings  were  held  in  the  interest  of 
the  movement,  which  at  first  promised  to  be  successful." 

A  notice  appeared  in  the  "National  Intelligencer"  April  5, 
1826,  as  follows  :  "Notice. — A  meeting  of  the  physicians 
of  Washington  and  Georgetown  who  have  agreed  to  form 
a  medical  association  is  requested  at  the  City  Hall  on  Tues- 
day, the  6th,  at  12  o'clock." 

The  meeting  was  held  and,  what  seems  strange  to  us. 
Dr.  Frederick  May  was  elected  Chairman  and  Dr.  Thomas 
Henderson,  Secretary.  Meetings  were  also  held  on  the 
loth  and  nth  of  April.  There  was  much  diversity  of 
opinion,  and  nothing  was  accomplished. 

Again,  in  1828,  the  following  notice  appeared  in  the 
"  National  Intelligencer"  of  January  23d  :t 

"  Medical  Society. — A  meeting  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  the  District  of  Columbia  will  be  held  on  Wednesday, 
the  23d  instant,  at  the  City  Hall,  the  object  of  the  meet- 
ing being  to  decide  whether  the  Society  shall  in  future 
hold  its  meetings." 

The  attempt  to  destroy  the  Society  was  not,  however, 
sufficiently  supported. 

"  The  discordant  views  previously  alluded  to,  with  per- 
sonal jealousies  that  unfortunately  sprung  up  in  the  Society, 
prevailed  to  such  an  extent  in  183 1-3,  that  for  want  of  a 
quorum  at  the  annual  meetings,  the  Society,  it  is  believed, 
failed  to  elect  officers  ;  at  least  no  record  of  elections  can 
be  found."! 

♦Toner's  Oration,  p.  22.  tToner  Oration,  p.  18.  tToner  Oration,  p.  23. 


lO  MEDICAL,  SOCIETY 

A  better  feeling,  however,  began  to  manifest  itself  among 
the  members  in  1834-6,  during  which  years  meetings  were 
held,  officers  elected,  and  the  diseases  incident  to  the  terri- 
tory and  the  best  modes  of  treatment  were  discussed  with- 
out the  least  suspicion  that  the  charter  had  been  forfeited. 
This  disagreeable  fact  was  not  discovered  by  the  Society 
until  a  case  involving  the  powers  and  privileges  of  the  So- 
ciety was  taken  into  court,  when  it  was  shown  that  the 
charter  had  been  forfeited  by  neglect  of  duty,  and  there- 
fore no  penalty  could  be  incurred  for  violation  of  its 
provisions. 

In  Cranch's  Reports  Vol,  V,  pp.  62  to  71,  is  the  report 
of  the  trial  of  John  Williams  for  practicing  medicine  in 
the  District  of  Columbia  without  a  license  from  the  Medi- 
cal Board  of  Examiners  of  the  District.  He  professed  to 
be  an  oculist,  and  practiced  and  received  payment  there- 
for. In  the  indictment,  the  specific  date  of  violation  of 
the  law  was  December  15,  1836.  The  defence  set  up  the 
contention  that  the  Society  had  gone  out  of  existence  be- 
cause for  some  years  before  1834  it  had  failed  to  hold  an- 
nual meetings  as  required  by  the  charter,  and  therein  had 
failed  to  elect  the  Medical  Board  as  it  should  have  done  ; 
that,  therefore,  the  Board  had  been  acting  without  any 
legal  authority,  and  indeed  had  never  since  the  charter  was 
given,  in  1819,  been  properly  elected.  The  defence  further 
claimed  that  some  members  had  given  out  that  they  were 
no  longer  members,  and  it  was  also  stated  that  it  had  been 
agreed  that  the  property  and  effects  of  the  Society  were  to 
be  divided  among  the  individual  members.  The  minutes 
of  the  Board  had  been  lost.  The  court  consisted  of  Chief 
Justice  Wm.  Cranch,  with  Associate  Justices  Buckner 
Thruston  and  James  Sewall  Morsell.  Francis  Scott  Key, 
the  author  of  "  The  Star  Spangled  Banner,"  was  United 
States  Attorney  and  prosecuting  ofiicer.     It  is  interesting 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  I  I 

to  note  that  Justice  Thruston  gave  it  as  his  opinion  that 
the  Society  had  had  authority  only  to  license  students  and 
those  about  to  begin  practice,  and  not  those  already  in  prac- 
tice. The  jury  was  out  two  days  and  a  night,  and  then 
rendered  a  verdict  of  acquittal. 

At  that  time  all  but  seven  of  the  original  incorporators 
were  dead  or  had  removed  from  the  city  ;  these  seven,  Drs. 
Frederick  May,  Alex.  McWilliams,  Henry  Huntt,  Wm. 
Jones,  G.  W.  May,  Peregrine  Warfield  and  N.  W.  Worth- 
ington,  with  fourteen  others  who  had  joined  the  Society, 
petitioned  Congress,  on  its  assembling  in  1837,  for  a  revival 
of  the  charter  with  amendments.* 

The  new  charter,  or  act  of  reincorporation,  was  approved 
by  President  Van  Buren  July  7,  1838.  In  the  main  it  is 
the  same  as  the  first  charter  ;  there  were  some  emendations. 

ACT   OF  INCORPORATION. 

An  Act  to  Revive,  with  Amendments,  An  Act  to  Incorporate 
THE  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Seriate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled.  That  Frederick  May,  M.  D., 
Alexander  McWilliams,  M.  D.,  Henry  Huntt,  M.  D.,  N.  P.  Causin,  M.  D., 
W.  Jones,  M.  D.,  Richmond  Johnson,  M.  D.,  Thomas  Sewall,  M.  D., 
George  W.  May,  M.  D.,  Nicholas  W.  Worthington,  M.  D.,  Joshua  Reily, 
M.  D.,  James  S.  Gunnell,  M.  D.,  Harvey  Lindsly,  M.  D.,  James  C.  Hall, 
M.  D.,  Thomas  Miller,  M.  D.,  Joseph  Borrows,  M.  D.,  Alexander  McD. 
Davis,  M.  D.,  Benjamin  King,  M.  D.,  Noble  Young,  M.  D.,  H.  F.  Condict, 
M.  D.,  W.  B.  Magruder,  M.  D.,  Peregrine  Warfield,  M.  D.,  J.  B.  Blake, 
M.  D.,  and  such  other  persons  as  the}'  may  from  time  to  time  elect,  and 
their  successors,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  a  community,  corporation,  and 
body  politic,  forever,  or  until  Congress  shall  by  law  direct  this  charter 
to  cease  and  determine,  by  and  under  the  name  and  title  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia  ;  and  by  and  under  the  same  name 
and  title  they  shall  be  able  and  capable  in  law  to  purchase,  take,  have 
and  enjoy,  to  them  and  their  successors,  in  fee  or  for  lease,  estate  or  es- 
tates, an}'  land,  tenements,  rents,  annuities,  chattels,  bank  stock,  regis- 
tered debts,  or  other  public  securities  within  the  District,  by  the  gift, 
bargain,  sale,  demise,  or  of  any  person  or  persons,  bodies  politic  or  cor- 
porate, capable  to  make  the  same,  and  the  same,  at  their  pleasure,  to 
alien,  sell,  transfer,  or  lease  and  apply,  to  such  purposes  as  they  may  ad- 
judge most  conducive  to  the  promoting  and  disseminating  medical  and 

*Toner  Oration,  p.  18. 


12  MEDICAI,  SOCIETY 

surgical  knowledge,  and  for  no  other  purpose  whatever :  Provided, 
nevertheless.  That  the  said  Society  or  body  politic  shall  not,  at  any  one 
time,  hold  or  possess  property,  real,  personal,  or  mixed,  exceeding  in 
total  value  the  sum  of  six  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 

Sec.  2.  Andbeit  further  enacted.  That  the  members  of  the  said  Society 
above  designated  shall  hold,  in  the  City  of  Washington,  two  stated  meet- 
ings in  every  year,  viz  :  on  the  first  Monday  in  January  and  July  ;  the 
oflBcers  of  the  Society  to  consist  of  a  President,  two  Vice  Presidents,  one 
Corresponding  Secretary,  one  Recording  Secretary,  one  Treasurer  and 
one  Librarian,  who  shall  be  appointed  on  the  first  Monday  in  July,  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirty-eight,  and  on  the  annual  meeting  in 
January  forever  thereafter,  and  who  shall  hold  their  offices  for  one 
year,  and  until  others  are  chosen  in  their  stead  (not  less  than  seven 
members  being  present  at  such  meeting);  and  the  Society  may  make  a 
common  seal,  and  may  elect  into  their  body  such  medical  and  chirurgical 
practitioners,  within  the  District  of  Columbia,  as  they  may  deem  qualified 
to  become  members  of  the  Society,  it  being  understood  that  the  officers  of 
the  Society  now  elected  are  to  remain  in  office  until  the  next  election 
after  the  passage  of  this  act. 

Sec.  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for 
the  said  Medical  Society,  or  any  number  of  them  attending,  (not  less  than 
seven),  to  elect  by  ballot  five  persons,  residents  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  grant  licenses  to  such  medical  and  chirurgi- 
cal gentlemen  as  they  may,  upon  a  full  examination,  judge  qualified  to 
practice  the  medical  and  chirurgical  arts,  or  as  may  produce  a  diploma 
from  some  respectable  medical  college  or  society,  each  person  so  obtain- 
ing a  certificate  to  pay  a  sum,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  to  be  fixed  on  or 
ascertained  by  the  Society. 

Sec.  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  any  three  of  the  examiners 
shall  constitute  a  board  for  examining  such  candidates  as  may  apply, 
and  shall  subscribe  their  names  to  each  certificate  by  them  granted, 
which  certificate  shall  also  be  countersigned  by  the  President  of  the 
Society,  and  have  the  seal  of  the  Society  affixed  thereto  by  the  Secretary, 
upon  paying  into  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  the  sum  of  money  to  be 
ascertained  as  above  by  the  Society  ;  and  any  one  of  the  said  examiners 
may  grant  a  license  to  practice  until  a  board  in  conformity  to  this  act 
can  be  held  :  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall  authorize 
the  said  corporation  in  anywise  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medical  or 
chirurgical  attendance  on  such  persons  as  may  need  those  services,  nor 
to  establish  or  fix  a  tariff  of  charges  or  fees  for  medical  attendance  or 
advice,  or  to  interfere  in  any  way  with  charges  or  fees  for  medical  attend- 
ance or  advice. 

Sec.  5.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  after  the  appointment  of  the 
aforesaid  medical  board  no  person,  not  heretofore  a  practitioner  of  medi- 
cine or  surgery  within  the  District  of  Columbia  shall  be  allowed  to  prac- 
tice within  the  said  District,  in  either  of  said  branches,  without  first 
having  obtained  a  license,  testified  as  by  this  law  directed,  or  the  pro- 
duction of  a  diploma  from  a  respectable  medical  college  or  a  board  of 
examiners  established  by  law  :  Provided,  That  the  professors  in  such  col- 
lege, or  the  examiners  in  such  board,  be  men  regularly  instructed  in 
medicine  and  surgery,  and  the  collateral  branches  of  medical  education, 
anatomy,  chemistry,  under  the  penalty  of  fifty  dollars  for  each  offense,  to 
be  recovered  in  the  county  court  where  he  may  reside,  by  bill  of  present- 
ment and  indictment,  one-half  for  the  use  of  the  Society,  and  the  other 
for  that  of  the  informer. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  I  3 

Sec.  6.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  every  person  who  upon  appli- 
cation shall  be  elected  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society,  shall  pay  a  sum 
not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  to  be  ascertained  by  the  Society. 

Sec.  7.  A?id  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Medical  Society  be,  and  they 
are  hereby,  empowered,  from  time  to  time,  to  make  such  by-laws,  rules, 
and  regulations  as  they  may  find  requisite  ;  which  by-laws,  rules,  and 
regulations  shall,  in  their  application  and  operation,  be  exclusively  con- 
fined to  said  Society,  as  a  Society,  or  body  corporate,  and  not  to  its  mem- 
bers individually,  when  not  acting  in  a  corporate  character  ;  to  break  or 
alter  their  common  seal  ;  to  fix  the  times  and  places  for  the  meetings  of 
the  boards  of  examiners  ;  filling  up  vacancies  in  the  medical  board  ;  and 
to  do  and  perform  such  other  things  as  may  be  requisite  for  carrying  this 
act  into  execution,  and  which  may  not  be  repugnant  to  the  Constitution 
and  laws  of  the  United  States  :  Provided  ahvays.  That  it  shall  and  may 
be  lawful  for  any  person,  resident  as  aforesaid,  and  not  prohibited  as 
aforesaid,  when  specially  sent  for,  to  come  into  any  part  of  this  District 
and  administer  or  prescribe  medicine,  or  perform  any  operation  for  the 
relief  of  such  to  whose  assistance  he  may  be  sent  for  :  And  provided  also. 
That  nothing  in  this  act  contained  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prevent  any 
person,  living  within  or  without  said  District,  from  administering  medi- 
cine, or  performing  any  surgical  operation,  with  the  consent  of  the  per- 
son or  the  attendants  of  the  person  to  whom  such  medicine  is  adminis- 
tered, or  upon  whom  such  surgical  operation  is  performed,  without  fee 
or  reward  ;  nor  to  prevent  the  giving  advice  or  assistance  in  any  way  to 
tlje  sick  or  afflicted,  upon  charity  and  kindness  ;  nor  to  prevent  the  re- 
ceipt of  reward  for  the  same,  if  voluntarily  tendered  or  made  ;  nor  to  ex- 
tend to  midwifery  by  females  ;  and  any  person  so  administering  medicine 
or  performing  any  surgical  operation,  not  authorized  to  practice  physic 
and  surgery  agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  prohibited 
from  collecting  any  fee  or  reward  for  the  same  by  any  process  of  law  : 
And  be  it  further  provided.  That  no  person  shall  be  admitted  to  an  ex- 
amination until  he  shall  produce  satisfactory  evidence  that  he  has  studied 
physic  and  surgery  three  years,  including  one  full  course  of  medical  lec- 
tures, as  usually  taught  at  medical  schools,  or  four  years  without  such  a 
course  of  lectures. 

Sec.  8.  Ayid  be  it  further  enacted.  That  Congress  may  at  any  time 
alter,  amend,  or  annul  this  act  of  incorporation  of  said  Society  at  pleasure. 

JAMES   K.    POLK, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
RD.    M.    JOHNSON, 
Vice  President  of  the  United  States  and  President  of  the  Senate. 

M.    VAN   BUREN. 
Approved  July  7,  1838. 

Since  that  time  the  Society  has  not  failed  to  meet  to 
elect  officers  except  possibly  in  the  years  1862  and  1863, 
during  the  civil  war.  The  Treasurer  made  no  report  from 
January  7,  1861,  until  January  4,  1864. 

Dr.  Toner  states  that  in  1826  a  "Washington  Medical 
Society"  was  formed  by  the  professors  and  students  of  the 


14  MEDIC AI.  SOCIETY 

Medical  Department  of  Columbian  College  and  met  at  the 
College.  Eventually  the  Society  admitted  other  physicians. 
It  seems  to  have  ceased  to  exist  in  1832.* 

The  present  Medical  Association  of  the  District 
OF  Columbia  was  formed  in  January,  1833.  Its  object 
was  to  provide  a  code  of  ethics  and  fee  bill,  both  of 
which  were  denied  to  the  Medical  Society  by  its  charter, 
sections  I  and  IV.  It  has  been  held  by  some  members 
of  the  Society  that  by  its  charter  it  is  prevented  from  dis- 
ciplining its  members  for  any  offence  committed  outside  of 
its  actual  meetings.  As  an  example  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  a  charge  of  bribery  in  which  there  was  a  public  scan- 
dal was  brought  against  a  member  of  the  Society  in  1868. 
The  Society  ordered  an  investigation  which  was  duly  made. 
The  investigating  committee  made  a  report  recommending 
that  the  offending  member  be  reprimanded  by  the  President 
of  the  Society.  The  Society  approved  the  recommendation 
and  the  reprimand  was  duly  administered.  But  Dr.  S.  C. 
Busey  strenuously  objected  to  any  action  being  taken  in 
the  case,  claiming  that  the  charter  forbade  it.  His  efforts 
and  those  of  a  few  others,  however,  failed  to  prevent  the  rep- 
rimand. 

After  the  second  charter  had  been  approved,  the  Society 
held  a  meeting,  July  30,  1838,  and  the  following  resolution 
was  adopted  : 

"  Resolved  that,  whereas  the  Act  of  Congress  enti- 
tled An  Act  to  revive  with  amendments  an  Act  to  incor- 
porate the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
passed  7  July,  1838,  did  not  finally  pass  both  branches  of 
Congress  and  receive  the  approval  of  the  President  until 
five  days  after  the  first  Monday  in  July,  1838,  the  day  des- 
ignated in  the  charter  for  the  first  meeting  of  the  Society  ; 
therefore  this  day  has  been  assumed  for  the  first  meeting, 

*  Toner's  Oration,  p.  23. 


DIvSTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  1 5 

it  being  the  earliest  period  after  the  passage  and  approval 
of  the  Act  at  which  the  members  of  the  Society  could  be 
notified  and  assembled.  This  course  has  been  adopted  from 
the  necessity  of  the  case,  and  as  in  accordance  with  the 
design  of  the  charter." 

The  next  meeting  was  held  August  8th,  and  eight  mem- 
bers attended.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  revise  the 
constitution,  by-laws  and  rules ;  it  consisted  of  Drs.  Thos. 
Sewall,  J.  C.  Hall,  H.  Lindsly,  N.  Worthington  and  O. 
Fairfax  (of  Alexandria).  Monday,  January  8,  1839,  the 
annual  meeting  was  held  at  the  City  Hall,  at  which  there 
was  just  a  quorum.  Officers  were  elected  for  the  year.  The 
Committee  on  Revision  of  the  Constitution  made  report 
which  was  adopted.  The  Society  ordered  that  the  report 
should  be  printed  and  a  copy  of  the  revised  document 
sent  to  each  member.  From  this  time  for  many  years 
the  minutes  show  little  more  than  that  the  Society  met,  that 
there  were  so  many  members  present  at  the  meeting,  and 
that  officers  were  elected  ;  occasionally  some  other  state- 
ment is  inserted  ;  as,  for  instance,  that  there  was  "  no  quo- 
rum." July  3,  1843,  ^  letter  from  Dr.  J.  B.  S.  Jackson,  of 
Harvard  Medical  School,  was  read,  giving  an  account  of 
the  results  of  the  autopsy  made  on  Hon.  Hugh  S.  Legare, 
late  Secretary  of  State. 

"  The  first  breeze  which  ruflEled  the  calmness  of  the 
Society's  existence  is  noted  in  the  records  as  occurring  at 
the  meeting  of  January  13,  1849.  Dr.  J.  C.  Hall,  the  pres- 
ident, suggested  the  propriety  of  taking  some  action  in 
regard  to  the  appointment  of  delegates  to  the  American 
Medical  Association,  whereupon  Dr.  Lindsly  offered  a  res- 
olution authorizing  the  president  to  appoint  five  members 
as  delegates.  Dr.  Young  offered  an  amendment  instructing 
the  president  to  make  his  selection  from  the  profession  at 
large,  as  distinguished  from  the  professors  of  colleges,  on 
which  amendment  there  were  two  ayes,  four  noes,  three 


I  6  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

members  not  voting,  A  reconsideration  of  the  amendment 
was  moved,  this  was  laid  on  the  table  and  the  original 
motion  was  carried  without  amendment.  This  incident 
illustrates  a  phase  of  feeling  which  has  all  but  passed  away. 
The  rivalry  between  the  colleges  is  a  generous  one,  with- 
out any  feeling  or  jealousy,  and  the  profession  at  large  so 
outnumbers  the  professors  in  colleges  that  they  need  never 
fear  being  controlled  by  them.  The  Society  may  be  said 
to  have  passed  through  its  "storms  and  stress"  period  and 
to  have  reached  the  open  sea  of  generous  feeling,  broad 
aims  and  united  purpose."* 

From  1838  to  1864  the  Society  met  at  the  time  of  the 
regular  semi-annual  meetings,  and  occasional  special  meet- 
ings, mostly  memorial  meetings  to  deceased  members,  were 
also  held.  With  1864,  however,  a  new  regime  came  in,  and 
during  that  year  fifteen  meetings  were  held.  The  differ- 
ence is  shown  by  the  minutes.  The  first  volume  of  the 
Transactions  of  the  Society  under  the  second  charter  is  a 
manuscript  volume  of  330  pages  with  an  excellent  index, 
made  up  by  Dr.  A.  F.  A.  King.  The  volume  covers  the 
period  from  January,  1838,  to  October  31,  1866 — both  dates 
inclusive — over  twenty-eight  years.  The  first  169  pages  car- 
ry the  record  to  May  30, 1865,  twenty-seven  years,  leaving  the 
remaining  161  pages  for  the  remaining  seventeen  months. 
This  striking  difference  in  space  indicates  the  difference  in 
the  activity  of  the  Society  in  its  scientific  work.  The  161 
pages  constitute  the  record  made  during  the  Secretaryship 
of  Dr.  King. 

PLACES   OF    MEETING   OF   THE    MEDICAL   SOCIETY. 

During  the  ninety-one  years  of  its  existence  the  Society 
has  met  at  many  different  places.  As  already  stated,  the 
first  meeting,  preliminary  to  the  formation  of  the  Society, 
was  held  in  Tennison's  Hotel,  on    Pennsylvania  Avenue, 

♦Johnston,  in  Trans.  75th  Anniv.,  p.  44. 


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DISTRICT  OF  COl^UMBIA  I'J 

near  Fourteenth  Street,  N,  W.  The  next  place  mentioned 
was  where  the  meeting  was  held  March  8,  1819,  after  the 
incorporation,  namely  at  Strother's  Hotel,  corner  of  Four- 
teenth Street  and  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  N.  W.,  where 
Willard's  Hotel  is  now.  October  ist  a  room  was  rented  for 
meetings,  known  as  McPhail's,  afterward's  as  Haskell's 
schoolroom,  on  Sixteenth  Street,  between  H  and  I  Streets, 
N.  W.,  just  north  of  St.  John's  Episcopal  Church.  It  was 
called  the  "  Medical  Hall,"  and  was  rented  for  one  year. 
The  Society  afterwards  "  went  wandering  about,  and  met 
wherever  it  could  find  accommodations."  Sometimes  it 
met  at  Strother's,  sometimes  at  Tennison's,  sometimes  at 
the  office  of  Dr.  Huntt  or  Dr.  Causin  ;  occasionally  at  the 
rooms  of  the  City  Councils  in  the  building  on  Eleventh 
Street,  between  C  and  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  N.  W., 
owned  and  occupied  by  the  Washington  Library  Company. 
Later  on,  when  the  City  Councils  occupied  the  rooms  of 
General  Richard  Weightman,  on  Sixth  Street,  N.  W.,  af- 
terwards a  part  of  the  National  Hotel,  the  Society  met 
there.  The  advertisements  also  show  that  it  met  in  the 
room  over  the  United  States  Engine  House,  E  Street,  be- 
tween Seventh  and  Eighth,  N.  W.,  on  the  grounds  after- 
wards occupied  by  the  General  Post  Office.  Sometimes  it 
met  in  a  room  in  the  U.  S.  Patent  Office. 

After  1827  ^t  occasionally  met  at  the  Columbian  Medical 
College,  northeast  corner  Tenth  and  E  Streets,  N.  W. 
After  the  completion  of  the  City  Hall  the  meetings  were 
generally  held  there  ;  the  Society  met  there  January  8,  1839, 
after  the  second  incorporation.  January  6,  1840,  it  met 
again  at  the  Medical  College,  Tenth  and  E  Streets,  and 
continued  to  meet  there  till  January  6,  1845,  when  it  held 
its  first  meeting  at  the  City  Hospital  in  Judiciary  Square, 
afterwards  known  as  the  Washington  Infirmary,  and  to 
which  the  College  had  moved.  July  6,  1846,  is  the  first 
2 


1 8  MEDICAI,  SOCIETY 

date  on  which  the  Infirmary  is  mentioned  in  the  minutes  of 
the  Society,  which  continued  to  meet  thereuntil  October  i, 
1 86 1.  The  Infirmary  was  destroyed  by  fire  (November  4^ 
1861),  and  it  is  believed  that  some  of  the  Society's  minutes 
and  other  records  were  then  consumed. 

January  6,  1862,  the  Society  met  at  the  rooms  of  the 
Medical  Department,  Georgetown  College,  which  was  then 
on  F  Street  east  of  Twelfth,  south  side.  It  continued  to 
meet  there  until  March  8,  1865,  when  it  held  its  first  meet- 
ing in  the  building  627  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  N.  W.,  the 
first  floor  of  which  was  and  still  is  occupied  by  Oilman's 
drug  store. 

March  20,  1867,  the  Society  returned  to  the  rooms  of 
the  Medical  Department  of  Georgetown  College  (removed 
to  Tenth  and  E  Streets,  N.  W.,  in  1867),  ^^^  continued  to 
meet  there  until  the  Medical  Hall  at  1002-4  F  Street,  N.  W., 
was  ready  for  occupancy.  The  first  meeting  at  this  hall 
was  held  January  29,  1869.  The  Society  remained 
there  nearly  two  years;  then,  January  2,  1871,  it  met  for 
the  first  time  at  the  American  Colonization  Society 
Building,  Southwest  corner  Pennsylvania  Avenue  and 
Four-and-a-half  Street,  N.  W.  October  2,  1872,  it  met 
for  the  first  time  at  Gonzaga  College,  on  F  Street,  N.  W., 
between  Ninth  and  Tenth,  east  of  the  old  St.  Patrick's 
Church. 

October  12,  1881,  the  Society  met  for  the  first  time  in 
the  Lenman  Building,  1425  New  York  Avenue,  N.  W.  In 
the  early  part  of  1884  it  removed  to  the  old  Georgetown 
University  Law  Building,  southeast  corner  Sixth  and  F 
Streets,  N.  W.,  and  about  November  25,  1891,  to  the  new 
Georgetown  University  Law  Building,  506-8  E  Street,  N. 
W.  February  7,  1906,  it  removed  to  the  assembly  room  of 
the  Columbian  University,  southeast  corner  Fifteenth  and 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  1 9 

H  Streets,  N.  W.,  and  has  continued  to  meet  there  till  the 
present  date.* 

THE     MEDICAL    BOARD   OF    EXAMINERS   OF    THE   DISTRICT 
OF   COLUMBIA. 

The  above  was  the  title  prescribed  by  the  first  charter 
of  the  Society,  but  in  the  second  charter  the  Board  was  des- 
ignated simply  as  the  "  examiners"  and  "  Medical  Board." 
The  constitution  and  by-laws  under  the  first  charter  made 
no  mention  of  the  Board  ;  under  the  second  charter  it  is 
called  "  The  Board  of  Examiners,"  and  a  section  of  the 
by-laws  prescribed  its  duties.  The  Board  ceased  to  exist 
in  1896  by  operation  of  the  Medical  Practice  Act  passed  by 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

As  will  be  seen  by  consulting  the  first  charter,  sections 
3  to  5,  the  Board  consisted  of  five  members,  residents  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,  who  were  to  be  elected  by  bal- 
lot by  the  Medical  Society  ;  the  dates  of  election  were  not 
fixed  by  the  charter,  which,  however,  required  that  a  quo- 
rum should  be  present  at  the  meeting  at  which  the  members 
were  elected. 

The  duty  of  the  Board  as  prescribed  by  both  charters 
was  to  examine  and  license  those  gentlemen!  who  desired 
to  practice  medicine  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  A  candi- 
date who  could  show  a  diploma  from  some  respectable  col- 
lege or  society  was  not  required  to  be  examined,  but  if  he 
was  unable  to  show  such  diploma,  the  Board  was  required 
to  give  him  a  "  full  examination"  to  determine  if  he  was 

*Of  the  places  of  meeting  above  named  those  buildings  that  are  still  standing  are  rep- 
resented pictorially  in  this  history  :  and  also  Gonzaga  College,  that  was  torn  down  and 
replaced  by  stores,  and  the  Washington  Infirmary,  that  was  burned.  Efforts  were 
made  to  secure  pictures  of  other  buildings  that  have  disappeared,  but  virithout  success. 
The  Committee  on  History  is  indebted  to  Father  Himmel,  the  President  of  Gonzaga 
College,  for  the  photograph  of  the  old  college  building,  and  to  Dr.  A.  F.  A.  King  for  the 
photograph  of  the  Washington  Infirmary. 

tAs  the  word  "  gentlemen"  was  literally  construed  by  the  Board,  it  excluded  women 
fro:n  its  provisions. 


20  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

"adequate  (in  the  second  charter  '  qualified')  to  commence 
the  practice  of  medicine  and  chirurgical  arts."  If  a  satis 
factory  diploma  was  shown  or  a  satisfactory  examination 
passed,  the  Board  gave  a  license  or  certificate.  The  char- 
ters provided  that  any  three  examiners  should  constitute 
the  Board,  and  until  the  Board  could  be  assembled  to  act 
upon  applications,  any  examiner  could  temporarily  grant  a 
license. 

The  charter  of  1838  provided  that  no  one  should  be  ad- 
mitted to  the  examination  unless  he  could  present  satisfac- 
tory evidence  that  he  had  studied  physic  and  surgery  three 
years,  including  one  full  course  of  medical  lectures  as 
usually  taught  at  medical  schools,  or  four  years  without 
such  a  course  of  lectures.  The  charter  also  provided  that 
the  professors  in  the  college  granting  the  diploma,  or  the 
examiners  in  any  Board  granting  a  diploma  (a  Board  estab- 
lished by  law),  should  be  men  regularly  instructed  in  medi- 
cine and  surgery  and  the  collateral  branches  of  medical 
education,  anatomy  and  chemistry. 

The  charters  required  that  the  license  certificate  should 
be  signed  by  at  least  three  examiners,  be  countersigned  by 
the  President  of  the  Society,  and  have  the  Society  seal  af- 
fixed by  the  Secretary  of  the  Society.  As  there  were  both 
a  Corresponding  and  a  Recording  Secretary,  there  arose  a 
question  as  to  which  should  affix  the  seal ;  the  dispute  was 
finally  settled  by  making  the  Corresponding  Secretary  the 
custodian  of  the  Seal. 

Previous  to  the  seal  being  affixed,  the  candidate  was  re- 
quired to  pay  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Society  a  fee  not  to 
exceed  ten  dollars,  the  amount  to  be  determined  by  the 
Society. 

The  penalty  for  practicing  without  a  license  was  fifty 
dollars  for  each  offense,  one-half  to  the  Society,  the  other 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  2  I 

half  to  the  informer.  The  fine  was  to  be  recovered  by  bill 
of  presentment  and  indictment  in  the  court. 

The  charter  authorized  the  Society  to  fix  the  times  and 
places  of  the  meetings  of  the  Board  and  fill  vacancies 
therein. 

After  the  reincorporation  in  1838  the  Society  adopted  a 
by-law  concerning  the  Board  of  Examiners.  Curiously,  the 
charter  did  not  require  the  members  of  the  Board  to  be 
members  of  the  Society,  simply  that  they  should  be  resi- 
dents of  the  District ;  but  the  Society  itself  saw  to  it  that 
only  its  own  members  should  be  on  the  Board.  The  fee 
was  at  first  fixed  at  five  dollars.  The  senior  practitioner 
on  the  Board  was  the  chairman.  The  Board  was  required 
to  keep  a  record  of  its  proceedings  and  make  a  report  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Society.  The  fee  was  increased  to 
ten  dollars  in  1867.  In  1871  the  Board  was  authorized  to 
elect  its  own  chairman,  the  granting  of  temporary  licenses 
was  discontinued,  and  the  Board  was  required  to  meet  on 
the  first  Wednesday  of  each  month  at  such  hour  and  place 
as  it  might  determine. 

Of  course,  one  of  the  most  important  acts  of  the  Society 
when  it  met  March  8,  1819,  was  to  elect  a  "  Board."  Drs. 
J.  T.  Shaaff,  Charles  Worthington,  Thos.  Sim,  Frederick 
May  and  Thomas  Semmes  were  the  first  Board.  It  devised 
a  form  of  license  or  certificate,  engraved  on  parchment. 
The  engraved  plate  was  13  by  15  inches.  The  text  was  in 
Latin  and  read  as  follows  : 

Praeses  et  Qiiaesitores  Societatis  Medicoriim  in  Colum- 
biae  Territorio  omnibus  et  singulis  has  literas  lecturis 
saliiteni : 

Notuni    sit^  examinatione  habita  virum 

doctumque  Medicinae  et  chirurgiae  satis  peritum  nos  com- 
probare. 

Itaque  auctoritate  nobis    collata  ex    Societatis    decreto, 


22  MEDICAI,  SOCIETY 

eidem jiisqiie    potestateni    artemque   salii- 

tarem  et  Chirurgiam  exercendi  damns  et  concedimus. 

Cujus  sigillum  communi  huic  membranae  affixum 
nominaque  nostra  subscripta  testimonio  sint. 

Datum ,  Anno  Domini  Millesimo  Octingentesimo 

et  Republicae  Septuagesimo et  hnjusce  Societatis 

institutae . 

(Signed  by)  Praeses  (and)  Quaesitores, 

The  translation  is  :  "  The  President  and  Examiners  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia  to  all  and 
singular  who  may  read  these  presents,  greeting :     Be  it 

known   that  upon  examination  held,  we  approve  

as  a  man  sufficiently  skilled  in  medicine  and  sur- 


gery. Therefore  by  the  authority  conferred  on  us  by  the 
decree  of  the  Society,  we  grant  and  confirm  to  the  said 
the  right  and  authority  of  practicing  thera- 
peutics and  Surgery.  In  witness  whereof  the  seal  of  the 
Society  is  affixed  to  this  parchment  and  our  names  sub- 
scribed.    Given  at ,  Anno  Domini  i8 — ,  and  of  the 

Republic    the ,  and    of    the    establishment    of    the 

Society  the .  Signed  by  the  President  of  the  So- 
ciety and  the  members  of  the  Board. 

The  Board  went  promptly  to  work,  as  appears  from  a 
notice  in  the  "National  Intelligencer,"  March  17,  1819: 

"  The  Medical  Board  of  Examiners  elected  under  the  law 
of  Congress  incorporating  the  Medical  Society  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  will  hold  their  first  stated  meeting  in  the 
City  of  Washington  on  the  first  Monday  in  April.  Appli- 
cants for  licenses  to  practice  medicine  or  surgery  in  the 
District  of  Columbia  will  then  attend,  and  in  the  meantime 
may  obtain  a  special  license  from  any  member  of  the  Board.' 
Signed  by  the  five  members  of  the  Board. 

November  3,  1875,  I^^s.  A.  F.  A.  King,  T.  M.  Healey  and 
C.  H.  A.  Kleinschmidt  were  appointed  a  committee  to  con- 
sider the  wording  of  the  license,  which  was  said  to  be  in- 
correct.    February  9,  1876,  the  committee  reported,  recom- 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  23 

mending  that  a  new  plate  with  the  necessary  corrections  be 
made.  The  committee  was  instructed  to  ascertain  the  cost 
of  the  plate.  December  13th  the  Society  ordered  the  new 
plate.     The  corrected  form  was  as  follows  : 

Praeses  et  Qiiaesitores  Societatis  Medicorum  in  Terri- 
torio  Columbiano. 

Omnibus  et  singulis  has  literas  visuris  salutem.     Notum 

sit Virum  Medicinae  et  Chirurgiae  doctum 

peritumque,  ejus  scientiae  examinae  rite  habito,  nos  com- 
probare. 

Itaque,  auctoritate  nobis,  societatis  decreto  collata,  eidem 
jus  potestatemque  artis  medendi  et  chirur- 
giae exercendae  damns  et  concedimus. 

Cujus  rei  testimonies  sigillum  societatis  commune  huic 
membranae  afhxum  est  et  nomiua  nostra  sunt  subscripta. 

Datum  Washington  Anno  Domini  Millesimo  octingen- 

tesimo,  Republicae  f undatae ,  hujusceautem 

societatis  institutae . 

(Signed) Praeses. 

Quaesitores. 

September  24,  1879,  D^-  -^-  W.  Prentiss  moved  to  print 
the  licenses  in  English  ;  this  was  opposed  by  Drs.  King,  J. 
W.  H.  Lovejoy  and  J.  T.  Sothoron,  and  October  i  the  sub- 
ject was  referred  to  the  Board  of  Examiners.  The  ques- 
tion came  up  again  January  14,  1880.  Drs.  Prentiss,  E.  M. 
Schaeffer  and  W.  H.  Triplett  favored  the  English,  Drs. 
Toner,  R.  Reyburn,  Lovejoy,  J.  Ford  Thompson  and 
Kleinschmidt  the  Latin,  and  so  the  motion  failed. 

As  stated  above,  the  Board  expired  by  law  June  3,  1896. 
Its  records  prior  to  1869  cannot  be  found. 

THE   SEAL   OF    THE   SOCIETY. 

A  seal*,  provided  for  in  the  charter,  was  adopted  by  the 
Society  presumably  at  its  first  meeting  or  soon  afterward. 
It  was  engraved  on  a  circular  die,  2\  inches  in  diameter. 

*  See  title  page. 


24  MKDICAI.  SOCIETY 

In  the  center  is  a  figure  of  the  goddess  Hygeia  on  an  ele- 
vated altar  in  her  temple ;  she  holds  in  her  hand  a  cup  ex- 
tended toward  a  serpent,  the  emblem  of  wisdom,  which  is 
twined  around  a  pillar  and  has  its  head  raised  as  if  to  place 
medicine  in  the  cup.  Over  the  altar  are  the  words  "  Con- 
cordia, labor,  frugali"  (concord,  labor  and  frugality),  and 
around  the  margin  the  words  "Templum  hygeiae,"  and 
"  Societatis  medicornm  territ  Columbiae  sigillum"  (Seal 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia). 

The  first  seal  disappeared  in  some  way  not  stated,  and 
the  Recording  Secretary  was  directed,  January  4,  1847,  ^^ 
have  a  new  one  made ;  it  cost  $22.00.  Again,  May  23, 
1883,  the  old  seal  being  much  worn,  the  Society  directed 
that  a  new  one  be  procured,  which  was  done. 

From  time  to  time  the  question  arose  as  to  who  should 
have  charge  of  the  seal,  and  was  not  settled  till  March  31, 
1869,  when  an  amendment  to  the  by-laws  was  adopted, 
giving  the  custody  to  the  Corresponding  Secretary. 

NATIONAL    AND    INTERNATIONAL    SOCIETIES. 

The  relations  of  the  Medical  Society  to  National  and 
International  Societies  have  been  many  and  important. 
One  reason  for  this  is  the  fact  that  Washington  is  so  fre- 
quently selected  as  the  place  of  meeting  of  these  .societies. 
As  early  as  April,  1819,  soon  after  its  first  incorporation,  a 
delegation  from  the  Society  was  elected  to  a  "  Convention 
of  the  Middle  States"  that  met  in  Philadelphia,  June  i  of 
that  year,  to  frame  and  publish  an  "American  Pharmaco- 
poeia."    Drs.  Shaaff,  Sim  and  Huntt  were  the  delegates. 

Delegates  were  also  sent  to  the  "  National  Convention  of 
Physicians"  that  met  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  Jan- 
uary I,  1820,  at  which  the  "  United  States  Pharniacopoeia" 
was  adopted  and  a  committee  appointed  to  attend  to  its 


DISTRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA  25 

publication.     This  meeting  was  the  first  of  the  decennial 
meetings  for  revising  the  pharmacopoeia. 

The  Medical  Society  was  deeply  interested  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  American  Medical  Association.  January  4, 
1847,  three  delegates  were  elected  to  the  first  meeting  of 
that  body,  H.  Lindsly,  F.  Howard  and  J.  Borrows ;  Dr. 
Borrows  did  not  attend.  The  meeting  was  held  in  Phila- 
delphia May  5th  of  that  year,  under  the  name  of  the  "  Na- 
tional Medical  Convention."  It  should  be  stated  that  a 
preliminary  meeting  had  been  held  in  New  York  City  May 
5,  1846.  The  organization  was  completed  at  Philadelphia 
and  the  name  changed  to  "American  Medical  Association." 
Under  the  new  name  the  first  meeting  was  held  in  Balti- 
more May  2,  1848,  where  the  Medical  Society  of  this  Dis- 
trict was  represented  by  Drs.  Noble  Young,  T.  B.  J.  Frye, 
J.  M.  Thomas  and  F.  Howard.  Dr.  J.  C.  Hall  was  elected, 
but  did  not  attend. 

The  election  of  delegates  to  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation was  generally  attended  with  some  evidence  of  par- 
tisanship and  personal  feeling.  Sometimes  the  Society 
elected  them,  at  other  times  it  appointed  a  committee  to 
select  them.  Sometimes  the  President  (1853  and  1854) 
was  authorized  to  appoint  delegates,  and  he  was  usually 
authorized  to  fill  vacancies.  Apparently  some  advantage 
must  have  been  taken  of  election  as  delegates  to  acquire  a 
little  notoriety,  for,  January  7,  1856,  the  Society  ordered 
that  the  names  of  delegates  should  not  be  published  in  the 
local  newspapers. 

Each  year  the  number  of  delegates  increased  with  the 
increase  in  membership  of  the  Society,  so  that  in  time  the 
number  became  quite  large.  January  5,  1852,  an  effort  was 
made  to  have  the  Society  pay  the  traveling  expenses  of  its 
delegates,  but  the  effort  failed  and  apparently  was  never 
afterward   renewed.     The  American    Medical  Association 


26  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

met  in  Washington  May  4,  1858,  at  which  time  Dr.  Har- 
vey Lindsly,  of  Washington,  was  elected  President  for  the 
session  of  1859. 

April  19,  1865,  the  Society  ordered  that,  in  view  of  the 
political  and  social  condition  in  Washington  at  that  time, 
its  delegates  to  the  American  Medical  Association  should 
not  invite  that  body  to  meet  in  Washington.  June  5,  1867, 
however,  a  committee  of  arrangements  was  appointed  to 
attend  to  the  meeting  which  was  to  be  held  in  1868  in 
Washington. 

The  committee  consisted  of  Drs.  Grafton  Tyler,  Chair- 
man ;  Harvey  Lindsly,  W.  P.  Johnston,  'F.  Howard,  L. 
Mackall,  Wm.  Marbury,  J.  M.  Toner  and  T.  F.  Maury, 
with  Dr.  J.  W.  H.  Lovejoy  as  Secretary. 

At  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  Toner,  April  7,  1869,  the  Society 
offered  to  house  and  care  for  the  proposed  library  of  the 
American  Medical  Association.  Dr.  Toner  succeeded  in 
securing  a  room  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  Dr.  Robt. 
Reyburn  was  then  the  Librarian,  succeeded  in  1871  by  Dr. 
F.  A.  Ashford,  in  1873  by  Dr.  Wm.  Lee,  and  in  1883  by 
Dr.  C.  H.  A.  Kleinschmidt.  The  library  was  eventually 
removed  to  Chicago. 

It  maybe  mentioned  here  that  among  the  earlier  officers 
of  the  Association,  besides  Dr.  Harvey  Lindsly,  who  was 
President  in  1859,  Dr.  Grafton  Tyler  was  a  Vice  President 
in  1856,  Dr.  W.  P.  Johnston  in  1866  and  Dr.  Noble  Young 
in  1869;  Dr.  J.  M.  Toner  was  President  in  1874  ;  Dr.  S. 
C.  Busey  a  Vice  President  in  1877.  In  1859,  when  the 
Association  met  in  Washington,  Dr.  A.  J.  Semmes  was  Sec- 
retary ;  Dr.  Lovejoy  was  Assistant  Secretary  in  1868  at  the 
meeting  in  Washington,  and  in  1870,  at  the  next  meeting 
in  Washington,  Dr.  Wm.  Lee  was  Assistant  Secretary.  Dr. 
A.  Y.  P.  Garnett  was  President  in  1888.  This  District  and 
this  Society  have  been,  therefore,  well  represented  in  the 


DISTRICT  OK  COLUMBIA  2'J 

higher  offices  of  the  Association.  Several  members  have 
been  chairmen  of  sections,  while  others  have  been  selected 
to  deliver  special  addresses. 

November  12,  1890,  Dr.  H.  L.  E.  Johnson  off ered  the  fol- 
lowing resolntion  : 

"  The  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
having  learned  that  the  Trustees  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  have  under  consideration  a  plan  for  the  perma- 
nent publication  of  the  Journal,  Resolved^  That  in  the 
opinion  of  this  Society  the  Capital  of  our  common  country 
affords  the  only  proper  place  for  the  publication  of  the  Jour- 
nal of  an  association  representing  every  State  in  the  Union, 
and  that  we  respectfully  urge  the  Trustees  to  guarantee 
equality  of  influence  in  the  Journal  management  by  its  pub- 
lication in  this  neutral  territory,  where  every  State  medical 
association  in  affiliation  shall  have  equal  consideration. 

"  Be  it  further  resolved^  That  in  case  the  Trustees  shall 
adopt  this  view  we  agree  in  all  proper  and  honorable  means 
to  further  the  interests  of  the  Joiirnal.  The  Society  desires 
further  to  inform  the  Trustees  that  there  is  now  no  medi- 
cal journal  published  in  the  Capital,  and  that  in  its  opinion 
the  financial  prosperity  of  the  Journal,  instead  of  being 
jeopardized  by  the  change  of  place  of  publication,  would  be 
materially  advanced." 

After  discussion  the  motion  was  lost  by  a  vote  of  twelve 
to  thirteen. 

SMALLPOX    AND    VACCINATION. 

Dr.  Toner  states  that  in  1828  the  Society  held  extra 
meetings  and  discussed  measures  to  arrest  the  spread  of 
smallpox. 

January  19,  1846,  a  meeting  was  held  to  take  measures 
to  allay  the  excitement  caused  by  the  prevalence  of  small- 
pox in  the  District.  A  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  Thos. 
INIiller,  J.  C.  Hall  and  W.  P.  Johnston  was  appointed  to 
consider  the  matter  and  make  report.     A  resolution   was 


28  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

also  adopted  to  cooperate  with  the  Board  of  Health  in  its 
effort  to  suppress  the  disease. 

March  14,  1864,  Dr.  D.  R.  Hagner  read  a  paper  on  vac- 
cination, which  was  referred  to  a  committee,  which  reported 
April  5th,  and  the  paper  was  ordered  to  be  printed  in 
pamphlet  form. 

May  22,  1865,  Dr.  Toner  read  a  paper  on  smallpox.  The 
Society  adopted  resolutions  stating  that  its  views  were  in 
accord  with  those  of  the  Committee  of  the  American  Med- 
ical Association  on  the  value  and  necessity  of  universal 
vaccination  ;  some  measures  should  be  inaugurated  by  the 
city  authorities  by  which  every  person  within  the  limits  of 
the  city  should  be  vaccinated  and  kept  protected  by  revac- 
cination,  and  that  a  committee  should  be  appointed  in 
conjunction  with  the  Auxiliary  Committee  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  to  represent  to  the  Mayor  and  other 
corporate  authorities  of  Washington  and  Georgetown  the 
advantages  of  early  and  universal  vaccination  and  occa- 
sional revaccination. 

November  25,  1868,  a  committee  was  appointed,  consist- 
ing of  Drs.  J.  Eliot,  W.  P.  Johnston  and  F.  A.  Ashford,  to 
consider  the  best  means  of  introducing  into  use  pure  vac- 
cine virus  and  preserving  it  for  the  use  of  members  of  the 
Society.  Drs.  Garnett  and  Busey  were  added  to  the  com- 
mittee January  20,  1869. 

"The  committee  reported  February  10,  recommending  the 
establishment  of  a  Vaccine  Institute,  under  the  sole  control 
of  the  Society,  to  be  managed  by  a  Board  of  three  members 
of  the  Society  to  be  elected  annually.  This  Board  should 
examine  or  inspect  all  vaccine  virus  presented  to  or  bought 
by  the  Institute,  before  disposing  of  it  to  those  entitled  to 
it.  One  member  of  the  Board  should  be  the  curator, 
having  charge  of  all  the  virus  in  the  Institute  and  dispens- 
ing it  or  disposing  of  it  under  the  supervision  of  the  Board. 


DISTRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA  29 

The  curator  should  act  as  secretary  of  the  Board,  and  keep 
a  record  of  its  proceedings.  The  virus  should  be  distrib- 
uted gratuitously  to  the  members  of  the  Society  ;  a  charge 
of  $2.00  should  be  made  to  non-members  ;  the  money  to  go 
to  the  treasurer  of  the  Society  and  to  be  used  to  buy  virus 
when  needed  and  pay  the  current  expenses  of  the  Institute. 
The  members  of  the  Society,  at  the  Wednesday  meetings, 
should  deposit  the  virus  in  their  possession  with  the  pre- 
siding officer  who  should  deliver  it  to  the  Board.  The 
curator  should  adopt  the  most  improved  methods  of  preser- 
vation. In  order  that  a  constant  and  fresh  supply  of  the 
virus  might  be  maintained,  the  members  of  the  Society 
should  vaccinate  all  infants  delivered  by  them,  within  forty 
days  after  birth." 

It  does  not  appear  that  the  Institute  ever  materialized. 

October  23,  1872,  the  Society  discussed  the  question  of 
the  accuracy  of  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Health  in  regard 
to  the  actual  number  of  cases  of  smallpox  in  the  District. 

February  21,  1877,  Dr.  Garnett  stated  that  a  case  which 
he  had  diagnosed  as  syphilis  had  been  sent  to  the  smallpox 
hospital  by  the  Board  of  Health.  He  asked  that  a  com- 
mittee be  appointed  to  examine  into  the  matter.  Drs. 
Garnett,  G.  L.  Magruder  and  F.  A.  Ashford  were  appointed. 
March  14  the  committee  reported  that  the  case  was  one  of 
syphilis  ;  that  the  physician  in  charge  of  the  smallpox  hos- 
pital had  so  pronounced  it ;  but  the  patient  had  been  ad- 
mitted during  this  physician's  absence  from  the  hospital. 

October  31,  1894,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  investi- 
gate a  recent  introduction  and  dissemination  of  smallpox 
in  the  city,  and  the  committee  was  instructed  to  impress 
upon  the  community  the  importance  of  vaccination  as  a 
prophylactic.  Drs.  S.  S.  Adams,  W.  W.  Johnston,  Klein- 
schmidt,  G.  Wythe  Cook  and  J.  D.  Morgan  were  the  com- 
mittee. It  does  not  appear  that  the  committee  reported  to 
the  Society. 


30  MEDICAIv  SOCIETY 

MEDICAI,   ETHICS. 

Elsewhere  it  is  stated  that  the  Medical  Association  of  the 
District  of  Columbia  was  formed  to  provide  a  fee  bill  and 
code  of  ethics,  because  both  were  denied  to  the  Society  by 
its  charter,  which  says,  section  4,  "  Provided  that  nothing- 
herein  contained  shall  authorize  the  said  corporation  in 
any  wise  to  regulate  the  price  of  medical  or  chirurgical 
attendance."  The  charter  of  1838  adds  these  words  "nor 
to  establish  or  fix  a  tariff  of  charges  or  fees  for  medical 
attendance  or  advice,  or  to  interfere  in  any  way  with  charges 
or  fees  for  medical  attendance  or  advice." 

Both  charters,  in  section  i,  state  the  object  of  the  Society 
to  be  "  the  promoting  and  disseminating  medical  and  sur- 
gical knowledge,"  and  add  the  words  "  and  for  no  other 
purpose  whatever."  The  charter  of  1838  goes  further  ; 
section  7,  after  empowering  the  Society  to  make  such  by- 
laws, rules  and  regulations  as  it  may  find  requisite,  limits 
this  power  by  the  words  "  which  by-laws,  rules  and  regula- 
tions shall  in  their  application  and  operation  be  exclusively 
confined  to  said  Society  as  a  society  or  body  corporate, 
and  not  to  its  members  individually  when  not  acting  in  a 
corporate  character."  As  previously  stated,  it  has  been 
held  by  some  members  that  these  clauses  forbid  the  Society 
disciplining  a  member  for  any  offense  committed  outside 
the  actual  meetings  of  the  Society,  and  mention  was  made 
of  a  case  occurring  in  1868,  in  which  a  member  was 
charged  with  bribery,  that  caused  a  public  scandal  (see 
page   14). 

On  several  other  occasions  the  Society  has  taken  action 
in  regard  to  statements  made  by  members  outside  the 
meetings,  where  the  purpose  or  effect  of  the  statements  was 
to  injure  the  Society.  But  no  extreme  measures  have  ever 
been  taken — nothing  beyond  a  vote  of  censure.  In  one  case 
this  vote  was  followed  by  the  resignations  of  the  members  ; 


DISTRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA 


31 


in  another,  the  moral  effect  of  the  Society  investigation  was 
sufficient,  and  no  further  action  was  taken. 

It  was  necessary,  however,  at  the  very  beginning  that 
there  should  be  some  ethical  understanding  among  the 
members,  and  in  the  first  publication  made  by  the  Society, 
in  1820,  in  connection  with  the  charter,  constitution,  by- 
laws and  rules,  we  find  the  following : 

"  Rules  and  7'egulations  for  the  purpose  of  establishing 
etiquette  and  professional  intercourse  among  the  members 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia  : 

"  Any  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  who  may  violate  any  of  the  following  rules  and 
regulations,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  before  the  said 
Society,  shall,  for  the  first  offense,  be  fined  a  sum  not  ex- 
ceeding twenty  dollars  ;  for  the  second  offense  he  shall  be 
expelled^  and  his  expulsion  shall  be  published  in  one  or 
more  newspapers  in  this  District ;  and  no  member  of  said 
Society  shall  consult  with,  or  voluntarily  meet  in  a  profes- 
sional way,  or  aid,  or  abet,  any  practitioner  of  medicine 
who  may  have  suffered  the  penalty  of  expulsion, 

"Article  I.  If  a  physician  be  called  to  any  member  of 
a  fa77iily  in  the  absence  of  the  family  physician,  on  the 
arrival  of  the  latter  the  patient  shall  be  resigned  by  the 
former. 

"  Article  II.  When  a  physician  engaged  to  attend  a 
case  of  midwifery  is  absent  and  a  second  delivers  the 
woman,  the  latter  shall  receive  the  fee  and  relinquish  the 
patient  to  the  first  on  his  arrival.  If  the  first  arrive  while 
the  second  is  present,  and  before  the  woman  is  delivered, 
the  second  shall  retire  and  resign  the  patient  to  the  first. 

"Article  III.  No  physician  shall  directly  or  indirectly 
interfere  in  the  practice  of  a  brother  physician  or  surgeon  ; 
or  give  opinion  in  any  manner  concerning  a  case  knowing 
him  to  be  in  attendance,  unless  it  be  during  his  absence  and 
in  cases  of  emergency. 

"  Article  IV.  In  consultation  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  consulting  physician  to  enter  the  sick  room  and  investi- 
gate the  case  in  compatiy  with  the  attending  physician,  and 


32  MEDICAI^  SOCIETY 

shall  leave  the  room  immediately  after  having  obtained 
such  information  as  may  be  required  to  decide  on  the  case. 
All  directions  agreed  upon  shall  be  left  to  the  charge  of  the 
attending  physician.  No  statements  or  discussions  of  the 
case  shall  take  place  in  the  presence  of  the  patient  or  his 
friends^  and  no  opinions  at  variance  with  the  plan  agreed 
upon  shall  ever  be  promulgated.  Punctuality  shall  always 
be  observed  in  the  visits,  and  no  visits  shall  be  made  by 
the  consulting  physician^  but  in  concert  or  by  mutual  con- 
sent, except  in  cases  of  emergency  when  the  attending  phy- 
sician cannot  be  readily  procured. 

"  Article  V.  No  member  of  the  Society  shall  publicly 
advertise  for  sale  any  medicine  the  composition  of  which 
he  keeps  a  secret ;  or  shall  offer,  either  publicly  or  through 
his  friends,  to  cure  diseases  by  any  such  secret  medicine,  or 
otherwise. 

"Article  VI.  No  member  of  this  Society  shall  either 
casually  or  formally  prescribe  ior  ox  \\s\t  pi'ofessio7tally  3iny 
case  gratuitously  when  the  circumstances  of  the  patient 
will  justify  a  charge,  except  in  cases  of  practicing  physi- 
cians, or  their  families,  and  regular  ministers  of  the  Gospel 
of  every  denomination. 

"  Article  VII.  No  member  of  this  Society  shall  make 
any  previous  contract  with  any  person  or  family  for  a  defi- 
nite sum  as  a  remuneration  for  his  annual  attendance  on 
said  person  or  family." 

There  is  no  actual  evidence  existing,  only  the  probability, 
that  these  ethical  rules  were  made  by  the  Society  itself, 
and  whether  the  Society  deliberately  violated  the  provision 
of  its  charter  may  never  be  known.  Of  course,  when  the 
Medical  Association  of  the  District  of  Columbia  was  formed, 
in  1833,  its  members  adopted  a  code  of  ethics  by  which 
they  were  to  be  governed,  and  that  of  the  Society  was  no 
longer  needed. 

April  6,  1887,  Dr.  Busey  moved  to  refer  certain  charges 
which  had  been  made  by  one  member  against  another  to 
the  Standing  Committee  of  the  Medical  Association,  and 


'^^^'MORE    ^^■ 


y^  1 1817  /»^i 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  33 

stated  that  the  Board  of  Censors  had  decided  that  the 
charges  were  outside  its  jurisdiction.  The  charges  were  so 
referred. 

October  5,  1892,  the  attention  of  the  Society  was  called 
to  the  fact  that  a  member  had  written  to  a  Congressional 
committee  a  letter  which  reflected  upon  the  Society.  The 
matter  was  referred  to  the  Board  of  Censors,  and  the  Board 
reported,  November  23d,  that  the  said  member  had  stated 
that  he  had  been  in  error  in  what  he  had  written  and 
would  so  inform  the  Congressional  committee.  The  report 
was  accepted,  and  no  further  action  was  taken. 

THE    HOSPITALS    AND    DISPENSARIES  OF    THE  DISTRICT  OF 

COLUMBIA. 

The  first  public  hospital  in  the  District  of  Columbia  was 
that  connected  with  the  poor  house,  situated  then  in  the 
square  between  Sixth  and  Seventh  and  M  and  N  Streets, 
N.  W.,  and  called  the  Washington  Infirmary.  About  1846 
the  Washington  Asylum,  on  Nineteenth  Street  southeast, 
near  the  Anacostia  river,  was  completed  and  the  poor  house 
and  hospital  inmates  removed  thereto. 

During  the  cholera  epidemic  in  1832  temporary  hospitals 
were  established.  After  the  epidemic  ceased  the  Board  of 
Health  petitioned  Congress  from  year  to  year  to  establish  a 
public  hospital.  The  Medical  Society  became  interested, 
and  January  11,  1841,  appointed  a  committee  consisting 
of  Drs.  Thos.  Sewall,  Alex.  McWilliams,  Thos.  Miller, 
Wm.  Jones  and  Harvey  Lindsly  to  petition  Congress  for 
a  national  hospital.  August  29,  1842,  Congress  passed 
a  law  giving  authority  for  the  old  jail  in  Judiciary  Square 
to  be  altered  and  fitted  up  as  an  insane  asylum  and  hospital 
for  sick,  disabled,  infirm  seamen,  soldiers  or  others  ;  but 
in  1844  Congress  decided  that  the  site  and  building  were 
unsuitable  for  such  purpose.     "At  this  juncture  the  Medi- 

3 


34  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

cal  Faculty  of  Columbian  College  applied  to  Congress  for 
the  use  of  the  building  for  an  infirmary  and  for  other  pur- 
poses." The  other  purposes  were  "  medical  instruction 
and  scientific  purposes."  The  application  met  with  favor, 
and  Congress  passed  a  law,  June  15,  1844,  to  that  effect,  but 
required  a  bond  from  the  incorporators  for  the  return  of  the 
property  in  good  condition  when  demanded.  This  insti- 
tution was  also  called  the  Washington  Infirmary.  In  1853, 
by  an  appropriation  from  Congress,  the  building  was  much 
enlarged.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  in  1861  the 
U.  S.  Government  took  possession  of  the  building  for  mili- 
tary hospital  purposes ;  November  3d  of  that  year  it  was 
entirely  destroyed  by  fire.     (See  Toner's  Oration.) 

In  1852  Congress  made  an  appropriation  for  an  iJtsane 
asylum.  The  location  proposed  encountered  some  objec- 
tions, and  the  Society  held  a  special  meeting  November 
19th  of  that  year,  at  which  a  committee  was  appointed  "  to 
take  into  consideration  the  policy  of  interference  in  regard 
to  the  location  of  the  lunatic  asylum  and  the  appointment 
of  the  physician  thereof."  The  committee  consisted  of 
Drs.  Fred.  May,  H.  Lindsly,  J.  Borrows,  F.  Howard  and  A. 
Y.  P.  Garnett.  November  20  the  committee  asked  to  be, 
and  was,  excused  from  the  further  consideration  of  the  sub- 
ject by  the  Society.  A  resolution  was  then  offered  by  Dr. 
J.  C.  Hall, 

"  that  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
actuated  solely  by  motives  of  humanity  and  a  desire  that 
the  liberal  appropriation  made  by  Congress  for  the  erection 
and  support  of  an  insane  asylum  be  employed  in  a  manner 
most  conducive  to  the  wellbeing  of  the  unfortunate  objects 
of  its  bounty,  respectfully  suggests  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States  that  a  committee  of  resident  ph3^sicians  of 
this  city,  appointed  by  this  Society,  be  permitted  to  confer 
with  him  in  relation  to  the  healthiness  and  suitableness  of 
a  proposed  site  for  the  said  asylum." 


DISTRICT  OF  COI.UMBIA  35 

This  resolution  was  laid  on  the  table,  and  so  the  matter 
ended.  The  asylum  was  located,  as  is  well  known,  on  a 
hill  south  of  the  Eastern  Branch.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Nichols 
was  appointed  its  Superintendent,  and,  about  July  7,  1856, 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Society. 

In  consequence  of  the  U.  S.  Government  taking  posses- 
sion of  the  Washington  Infirmary  in  1861,  the  necessity  of 
a  public  hospital  led  to  the  establishment  of  Providence 
Hospital  the  same  year,  and  mainly  through  the  efforts  of 
Dr.  Toner,     It  was  opened  in  June,  1861. 

The  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women  and  Lying-in  Asy- 
lum was  established  in  1866,  mainly  through  the  efforts  of 
Dr.  J.  Harry  Thompson,  who  was  for  ten  years  the  surgeon 
in  charge ;  it  was  situated  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Mas- 
sachusetts Avenue  and  Fourteenth  Street,  N.  W.,  in  the 
building  that  was  occupied  during  the  civil  war  as  the 
Desmarres  and  afterwards  the  Ricord  General  (Military) 
Hospitals. 

The  Society  was  represented  more  or  less  on  the  staff  of 
each  of  the  hospitals  in  the  District  and  naturally  was  in- 
terested in  the  work  done  in  them.  October  23,  1867,  the 
Society  directed  that  a  request  be  made  of  the  officers  in 
charge  of  the  hospitals  and  asylums  in  the  District  to  make 
quarterly  reports  to  the  Society,  and  March  10,  1869,  the 
Committee  on  Essays  was  instructed  to  request  such  reports 
either  quarterly  or  annually.  The  minutes  show  that  some 
reports  were  received  and  discussed. 

January  20,  1869,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  consider 
the  feasibility  of  establishing  a  Dispensary  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  Society  itself.  The  committee  reported  Feb- 
ruary loth,  recommending  that  a  dispensary  be  established 
at  the  new  Medical  Hall  with  branches  elsewhere  as  might 
be  thought  desirable.  It  was  proposed  that  the  Dispen- 
sary should  secure  to  the  sick  poor  competent  medical  ser- 


36  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

vice  and  medicine  gratuitously.  It  should  be  under  a 
"  Board  of  Control  and  Consultation,"  composed  of  seven 
members  of  the  Society,  to  be  appointed  annually.  This 
Board  should  make  the  necessary  rules  and  regulations  for 
the  government  of  the  Dispensary,  provide  ways  and  means 
for  its  management,  and  disburse  the  funds.  There  should 
be  three  departments — medical,  surgical  and  diseases  of 
women  and  children.  There  should  be  a  superintendent 
and  two  or  more  assistants  for  each  department,  to  be 
appointed  from  members  of  the  Society,  by  the  Board  of 
Control.  There  were  other  details  in  regard  to  service, 
consultations,  apothecaries,  &c.  The  report  was  referred 
back  to  the  committee  February  24th  for  further  considera- 
tion, was  never  discussed  by  the  Society,  and,  May  12th, 
the  committee  was  discharged  and  no  further  action  taken. 

Although  this  project  failed  to  materialize,  as  indeed 
might  have  been  expected,  the  discussion  of  the  subject 
was  not  without  results.  Some  members  of  the  Society 
went  to  work,  more  especially  Drs.  G.  L.  Magruder  and  H. 
H.  Barker,  and  started  the  Central  Dispensary^  which  was 
opened  May  i,  1871,  in  the  Medical  College  building, 
Tenth  and  E  Streets,  N.  W.  About  1880,  mainly  through 
the  efforts  of  Dr.  Barker,  an  emergency  department  was  at- 
tached to  the  Dispensary,  so  that  the  title  became  The  Cen- 
tral Dispensary  and  Emergency  Hospital.  The  hospital 
had  then  been  moved  to  a  building  on  Tenth  Street,  be- 
tween D  and  E,  N.  W. 

In  May,  1874,  Drs.  L.  W.  Ritchie  and  C.  H.  A.  Klein- 
schmidt  of  the  Society,  who  lived  in  Georgetown,  started 
a  hospital  there  and  called  it  the  General  Hospital  of  the 
District  of  Columbia.  For  want,  however,  of  sufficient  sup- 
port it  was  compelled,  two  years  afterwards,  to  close  its 
doors. 

Through  the  efforts  mainly  of  Dr.  F.  A.  Ashford  of  the  So- 


DISTRICT  OF  COL,UMBIA  37 

ciety,  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital  ^zsiowwA^^.  Dr.  Busey 
in  his  "Reminiscences,"  p.  221  et  seq.^  gives  a  full  account  of 
the  movement  that  finally  ended  in  the  opening  of  the  hos- 
pital in  1882.  Many  of  the  medical  profession  of  the  Dis- 
trict supported  the  movement,  and  the  Medical  Society, 
May  10,  1882,  passed  the  following  resolutions  commending 
it: 

"  Whereas  the  medical  profession  of  this  District  have 
long  felt  the  need  of  a  general  hospital,  and,  in  a  very 
largely  attended  meeting  before  the  late  civil  war,  had, 
with  great  unanimity,  formed  a  project  for  the  establish- 
ment of  such  a  hospital,  the  movements  for  which  were 
unfortunately  interrupted  and  rendered  abortive  by  that 
unhappy  event ;  and  Whereas  the  necessities  for  such  an 
institution  are  unquestionable  and  have,  since  that  time, 
not  diminished,  but  increased  more  than  sevenfold  ;  there- 
fore 

"  Resolved^  That  this  Society  has  learned  with  great 
pleasure  that  certain  patriotic  and  benevolent  ladies  and 
gentlemen  are  now  earnestly  cooperating  in  the  endeavor 
to  procure  the  establishment  of  a  general  hospital  to  be 
known  as  the  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital. 

"  Resolved^  That  no  more  appropriate  method  of  honor- 
ing the  memory  of  our  late  brutally  murdered  President 
can  be  conceived  of  than  the  erection  of  such  a  monument ; 
an  ever  active  institution  for  the  relief  of  humanity,  suffer- 
ing in  so  many  various  forms  ;  a  source  for  the  acquirement 
and  development  of  knowledge  in  those  branches  of  scientific 
study  most  nearly  directed  to  the  immediate  relief  of  many  ; 
and  an  everlasting  and  inexhaustible  well-spring  of  charity 
and  benevolence  which  in  the  minds  of  all  men  of  right 
feeling  must  be  esteemed  far  above  the  tablets  of  brass  or 
mere  monuments  of  bronze  or  marble. 

'•  Resolved^  That  this  S  jciety  desires  to  assure  all  con- 
cerned that  the  proposed  measure  meets  with  its  entire  ap- 
probation, to  express  the  extreme  interest  which  is  felt  in 
the  success  of  so  good  a  benevolence,  and  to  offer  its  cor- 
dial cooperation  in  efforts  to  obtain  so  desirable  an  object." 


38  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

Contagions  Diseases  Hospital. — January  i8,  1893,  the 
Society  appointed  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  W.  W. 
Johnston,  J.  H.  Bryan  and  S.  S.  Adams,  to  confer  with  the 
Conference  Committee  of  Congress  and  urge  the  passage  of 
the  bill  appropriating  money  to  establish  a  hospital  for  con- 
tagious diseases  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  May  1 7th  a  let- 
ter was  received  from  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  proposed 
Contagious  Diseases  Hospital,  signed  by  Mr.  Archibald 
Hopkins,  asking  advice  and  assistance  in  connection  with 
the  project  of  putting  up  buildings  for  the  isolation  and 
treatment  of  contagious  diseases.  The  Society  appointed  a 
committee — Drs.  W.  W.  Johnston,  J.  Ford  Thompson,  J. 
W.  H.  Lovejoy,  E.  A.  Balloch  and  B.  G.  Pool — to  consider 
the  matter  and  report.  The  committee  reported  May  24th, 
recommending  that  such  hospital  should  not  be  located 
within  the  city  limits  nor  in  any  thickly  settled  portion  of 
the  suburbs  ;  should  have  ample  grounds  around  it  ;  in 
fact,  should  be  preferably  in  the  country,  away  from  dwell- 
ing houses,  but  still  accessible  ;  in  such  case  there  would 
be  little  or  no  fear  of  dissemination  of  disease.  The  com- 
mittee recommended  a  location  near  the  Eastern  Branch  ; 
the  only  objection  seemed  to  be  the  prevalence  there  of 
malaria.  The  report  was  much  discussed  and  opposed, 
but  finally  adopted.  The  hospital,  however,  has  never 
been  built.'*'  One  result  however  of  this  movement  was 
the  erection  of  buildings  at  Garfield  Hospital  for  con- 
tagious diseases  patients,  through  the  efforts  of  the  Daisy 
Chain  Guild,  and  at  Providence  Hospital  a  contagious 
ward  was  opened. 

February  19,  1902,  Dr.  W.  W.  Johnston,  as  Chairman  of 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Society,  read  letters  in  re- 
gard to  a  recent  communication  of  the  Board  of  Charities 

*See  "Nat.  INIed.  Rev.,"  1S92-3,  I,  p.  22 ;  and  Busey'.s  "  Souvenir,"  p.  291  et  ieq. 


DISTRICT  OF  COL,UMBIA 


39 


concerning  a  proposed  mtimcipal  hospital.*  The  Society 
authorized  the  Committee  to  send  the  letters  to  the  Dis- 
trict Commissioners. 

The  municipal  hospital  has  so  far  materialized  that  a 
site  was  bought  on  Varnum  Street,  between  Seventh  and 
Fourteenth,  N.  W.,  and  an  appropriation  was  made  by  Con- 
gress to  erect  a  building  for  tuberculous  patients.  With 
regard  to  this  hospital  the  Society,  January  lo,  1906, 
formally  approved  the  efforts  of  the  committees  of  Con- 
gress on  the  District  of  Columbia.  June  26,  1908,  the 
Tuberculosis  Hospital  was  formally  opened.  Dr.  G.  M. 
Kober  was  mainly  instrumental  in  establishing  the  hospital. 

The  Freedmen's  Hospital  and  other  civil  hospitals  in  the 
city,  the  Children's  Hospital,  the  Episcopal  Eye  and  Ear 
Hospital,  the  Georgetown  University  Hospital,  the  Co- 
lumbian University  Hospital,  the  Woman's  Dispensary 
at  Four-and-a-half  Street  and  Maryland  Avenue,  S.  W., 
Woman's  Clinic  at  1237  T  Street,  N.  W.,  and  others, 
although  they  were  all  founded  by  members  of  the  Medical 
Society  and  Medical  Association  of  the  District,  the  Society 
as  a  body  took  no  action  therein.  The  Freedmejis  Hospital 
was  an  outgrowth  of  the  medical  side  of  the  Freedmen's 
Bureau.  The  Children's  Hospital  was  an  outcome  of  the 
Department  of  Diseases  of  Children  at  the  Columbia  Hos- 
pital for  Women  ;  was  inaugurated  in  1870  by  Drs.  Busey, 
F.  A.  Ashford,  \\\  B.  Drinkard  and  W.  W.  Johnston,  after 
a  conference  with  the  lady  managers  of  the  Washington 
City  Orphan  Asylum  followed  by  a  public  meeting  of 
citizens.  The  Episcopal  Eye^  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital 
was  founded  mainly  through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  E.  O.  Belt. 
The  University  hospitals  were  established,  of  course, 
through  the  activity  of  the  medical  faculties  thereof.  The 
Womaii's  Dispensary  was  founded  by  Drs,  Annie  Rice  and 

*Seethe  Minutes  of  the  Society,  p.  6S9,  and  Washington  Med.  Annals,  1902,  I,  p.  147. 


40  MEUICAI,  SOCIETY 

Jeaiinette  Sumner;  the  IVoman^s  Cliiiic  by  Drs.  Ida  J. 
Heiberger,  D.  S.  Lamb  and  others ;  the  Lutheran  Eye^  Ear 
and  Throat  Infirtnary  mainly  by  Dr.  W.  K.  Butler  ;  Sibley 
Hospital  mainly  by  a  gift  from  Wm.  Sibley,  of  Washing- 
ton, as  a  memorial  to  his  deceased  wife  ;  the  Eastern  Dis- 
pensary and  Casualty  Hospital  by  Drs.  J.  F.  Hartigan, 
J.  T.  Winter,  G.  B.  Harrison,  L.  Tyler,  L.  Eliot  and  others; 
the  Washington  Hospital  for  Foundlings  by  the  will  of 
Joshua  Pierce,  in  1869,  although  the  buildings  were  not 
completed  and  opened  until  1887 ;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wm. 
Stickney  and  Dr.  Z.  T.  Sowers  were  most  active  in  the 
matter.  The  IVashington  Home  for  Incurables  v^SiSiovinded 
in  1889  by  Mrs.  H.  F.  Everett,  Mrs.  E.  S.  Bell  and  Mr. 
E.  F.  Riggs ;  it  admits  cases  of  cancer,  and  cares  for  both 
adults  and  children. 

The  Homeopathic  Hospital  was  founded  by  physicians 
and  laymen  of  that  method  of  medical  practice.  There  is 
also  a  hospital  for  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  U.  S.  Army, 
on  the  old  arsenal  grounds  at  the  foot  of  Four-and-a-half 
Street,  S.  W.,  and  an  army  dispensary  at  1720  H  Street, 
N.  W^  ;  two  naval  hospitals,  the  old  one  at  Ninth  Street 
and  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  S.  E.,  the  new  one  on  the  old 
Observatory  Hill,  Twenty-third  and  E,  N.  W.  With  none 
of  these,  however,  has  the  Society  anything  directly  to  do. 

THE    LIBRARY    OF    THE    SOCIETY. 

As  we  might  suppose,  the  idea  of  a  Medical  Library  early 
occurred  to  the  members  of  the  Society.  Indeed,  the  first 
charter  provided  for  a  Librarian  as  one  of  the  officers,  and 
at  the  meeting  of  organization,  January  5,  1818,  Dr.  Richard 
Weightman  was  elected  Librarian.  The  notice  of  the 
meeting  of  March  8,  18 19,  included  a  request  that  the  Com- 
mittee on  Library  should  meet  at  the  same  time.     What 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  4 1 

were  the  duties  of  this  Library  Committee  does  not  appear. 
At  the  meeting  just  mentioned,  Dr.  N.  W.  Worthington 
was  elected  Librarian. 

The  duty  of  the  Librarian  (see  section  6,  by-laws)  was  to 
take  charge  of  and  preserve  for  the  use  of  the  Society  all 
the  Society  property  except  the  moneys ;  to  keep  a  list  of 
the  donors ;  and  report  to  the  Society  when  desired  to  do  so. 
The  duties  today  are  the  same  as  they  were  over  ninety 
years  ago. 

Dr.  Toner  states  that  a  library  was  collected  by  donation 
and  purchase,  a  portion  of  the  yearly  dues  being  set  aside 
for  that  purpose,  but  when  he  made  his  anniversary  ad- 
dress, September  26,  1866,  there  was  only  one  book  left, 
namely,  Quincey's  Lexicon,  which  had  been  presented  to 
the  Society  July  i,  1818,  by  Dr.  Thomas  Henderson.  It  is 
easy  to  understand  that  as  the  Society  had  no  permanent 
home,  but  moved  about,  the  Library,  especially,  suffered  in 
the  moving. 

July  I,  1844,  it  was  ordered  that  the  Librarian  should 
subscribe  for  standard  medical  works  and  periodicals  to  the 
amount  of  ten  dollars  and  that  the  necessary  shelving  should 
be  put  up.  January  3,  1848,  the  subscription  was  discon- 
tinued. The  next  mention  of  the  Library  was  January  10, 
1 86 1,  when  Dr.  Lovejoy  presented  a  copy  of  Copeland's 
Dictionary  of  Practical  Medicine  "  as  a  nucleus  for  the 
formation  of  a  medical  library  ;"  at  the  same  time  Dr. 
Harvey  Lindsly  presented  "Rayer  on  Diseases  of  the  Skin." 
These  gifts  aroused  the  Society  to  request  the  members  to 
contribute  books  and  pamphlets.  February  21st  following. 
Dr.  Lovejoy  gave  three  more  books,  and  at  the  same  meet- 
ing the  Society  ordered  that  the  official  papers  should  be 
preserved  by  the  Librarian.  March  21st,  a  bookcase  and 
shelving  were  ordered  ;  and  it  was  also  ordered  that  the 
pamphlets  so  far  received  should  be  bound.     May  i6th.  Dr. 


42  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

Thomas  Miller  presented  a  hundred  pamphlets  and  a  book. 
September  12th,  Dr.  Thos.  Antisell  ^ave  four  books.  Octo- 
ber 3d,  the  Society  ordered  a  subscription  to  the  New  Syden- 
ham publications. 

By  January  9,  1867,  Dr.  Toner,  the  retiring  Librarian, 
was  able  to  report  152  books  and  pamphlets  in  the  Library. 

March  10,  1869,  a  Committee  on  Library  was  appointed, 
consisting  of  Drs.  W.  P.  Johnston,  J.  M.  Toner,  T.  Antisell, 
L.  Mackall  and  W.  B.  Drinkard.  What  the  committee  did 
does  not  appear.  Another  committee  was  appointed  No- 
vember 9,  1870,  Drs.  Mackall,  C.  H.  Liebermann  and  Wm. 
Marbury,  to  confer  with  a  committee  of  the  "  Journal  Club" 
*  *  *  [this  club  was  formed  in  1869  and  was  a  part  of 
the  Society  in  that  its  members  were  required  to  be  mem- 
bers of  the  Society]  with  the  view  of  establishing  a  reading 
room  and  library.  The  committee  reported  November  i6th, 
recommending  that  a  room  be  rented  and  furnished  for  the 
meetings  of  the  Society  and  the  care  of  the  journals  of  the 
club.  December  29th,  rooms  were  obtained  at  the  American 
Colonization  Building,  and  January  11,  1871,  it  was  ordered 
that  shelving  should  be  put  up  in  the  Library  room  and 
the  use  of  the  room  be  granted  to  the  Journal  Club. 

There  was  no  special  mention  of  the  Library  again  until 
September  28,  1881,  when  Dr.  T.  C.  Smith  moved  that  the 
Library,  which  consisted  "  only  of  old  books  which  nobody 
ever  consulted,"  be  sold  at  auction.  As  this  motion  was 
not  seconded  he  moved  next  to  turn  the  books  over  to  the 
Library  of  the  Surgeon  General's  Office.  This  motion  also 
failed  to  receive  a  second,  and  there  the  matter  dropped  for 
a  time. 

March  21,  1883,  because  the  Society  thought  it  was  pay- 
ing too  much  for  the  rooms  it  was  occupying,  it  considered 
the  question  of  giving  up  the  library  room  and  removing 
the  library ;  but  where  to  move  it  does  not  appear. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  43 

In  his  Presidential  address  December  i8,  1901,  Dr.  D.  S. 
Lamb  recommended  that  the  library  be  disposed  of,  and 
the  Society  ordered  that  a  committee,  consisting  of  the 
President,  Recording  Secretary  and  Librarian  arrange  to 
carry  out  the  recommendation. 

January  22,  1902,  the  committee  reported  that  a  portion 
of  the  library  had  been  donated  to  the  Surgeon  General's 
Library  and  the  remainder  would  be  given  to  the  Carnegie 
Public  Library  of  Washington.  April  2d  the  Librarian  was 
instructed  to  report  to  the  Society  the  titles  of  books  and 
any  other  effects  remaining  after  these  donations. 

Later  on  the  Librarian,  Dr.  E.  L.  Morgan,  made  a  report 
in  which  he  recommended  that,  if  possible,  a  room  be  se- 
cured at  the  Carnegie  Library,  in  which  the  books  given 
by  the  Society  might  be  arranged  and  the  room  used  as  a 
reading  room  for  the  members  of  the  Society.  To  carry 
out  this  suggestion  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  D.  S. 
Lamb,  E.  L.  Morgan  and  F.  P.  Morgan,  the  Recording 
Secretary,  was  appointed  March  18,  1903.  Thus  far  the 
committee  has  not  succeeded  in  making  the  desired  ar- 
rangement. 

April  22,  1903,  the  Librarian  was  instructed  to  retain  in 
the  Library  one  copy  of  each  publication  of  the  Society. 

OBITUARIES. 

Sometimes,  more  especially  in  the  case  of  a  member  who 
had  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the  work  of  the  Society,  an 
entire  meeting  was  given,  and  oftentimes  a  special  meeting 
was  called,  for  the  adoption  of  appropriate  resolutions  in 
regard  to  the  deceased.  In  the  case  of  less  well-known 
members  usually  a  part  of  a  regular  meeting  was  devoted 
to  this  purpose,  and  this  custom  has  prevailed  in  later 
vears. 


44  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

For  many  years  it  was  the  custom  not  only  to  pass  reso- 
lutions, but  for  the  members  to  attend  the  funeral  in  a 
body ;  of  course,  this  was  much  more  readily  done  when 
the  number  of  members  was  small,  deaths  were  few  and 
every  one  knew  every  one  else.  It  was  the,  custom,  also, 
to  wear  a  badge  of  mourning  on  the  left  arm  for  thirty  days, 
but  this  has  long  since  ceased.  The  Society  also  usually 
appointed  several  members  to  take  charge  of  the  funeral 
arrangements ;  this  has  also  long  since  ceased.  But  these 
customs  were  in  vogue  as  late  as  1876. 

So  far  as  this  history  is  concerned,  where  a  memorial 
meeting  was  held  or  resolutions  passed,  a  note  of  the  fact 
has  been  made  in  the  biographical  sketch  of  the  member, 
so  that  it  is  unnecessary  to  give  any  list  of  obituary  no- 
tices. It  will  be  interesting,  however,  to  state  that  the 
first  recorded  notice  of  the  kind  was  April  i,  1845,  ^^^  ^^• 
Thomas  Sewall  ;  the  next  was  January  25,  1847,  for  Dr. 
Frederick  May;  the  third,  July  31,  1849,  ^o^  Dr.  N.  W. 
Worthington  ;  the  fourth,  April  i,  1850,  for  Dr.  Alexander 
McWilliams,  Other  members  had  died,  but  so  far  as  the  re- 
cord shows  no  notice  was  taken  of  the  death.  In  a  few  cases 
notice  was  taken  of  the  death  of  a  celebrated  physician  not 
resident  in  the  District  of  Columbia  ;  as,  July  4,  1853,  when 
a  meeting  was  held  in  honor  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Chapman, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  May  3,  1865,  ^'^  honor  of  Dr.  Valentine 
Mott,  of  New  York  City. 

November  i,  1876,  Dr.  Busey  called  attention  to  the  ir- 
regularities of  attendance  of  members  of  the  Society  at 
funerals  of  deceased  members  and  thought  that  there  should 
be  some  definite  rules  to  guide  such  attendance.  No  action, 
however,  was  taken. 

May  30,  1877,  the  Society  took  action  on  the  death  of 
Dr.  Henry  Powers  Ritter,  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  who  at  one  time 
practiced  medicine  in  Washington,  although  he  never  joined 


DISTRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA  45 

the  Medical  Society  or  Association.  While  visiting  the 
city  he  died,  May  29,  1877.  May  15,  1878,  the  Society  also 
took  action  on  the  death  of  Professor  Joseph  Henry,  Sec- 
retary of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  who,  although  not  a 
physician  nor  a  member  of  the  Society,  had  shown  many 
courtesies  to  the  Society. 

September  21,  1881,  the  Society  adopted  the  following 
resolution  on  the  death  of  President  Garfield  : 

^'' Resolved^  That  in  view  of  the  great  calamity  which  has 
befallen  the  country  in  the  untimely  taking  off  of  our  Chief 
Magistrate,  and  partaking  as  we  do  as  citizens  and  patriots 
of  the  sorrow  and  grief  which  pervade  every  part  of  our 
land,  this  Society  do  now  adjourn  and  this  resolution  be 
entered  upon  the  journal." 

April  II,  1883,  the  Society  took  action  on  the  death  of 
Surgeon  General  Joseph  K.  Barnes,  U.  S.  A.,  and  October 
nth,  of  the  same  year,  on  the  death  of  his  successor.  Sur- 
geon General  Charles  H.  Crane,  U.  S.  A.  Both  of  these  were 
honorary  members.  November  21st,  of  the  same  year,  action 
was  taken  on  the  death  of  Dr.  J.  Marion  Sims  ;  this  was 
published  in  Gaillard'' s  Medical  JonrnaL  for  February, 
1884,  and  republished  as  a  pamphlet. 

March  13,  1886,  the  Society  took  action  on  the  death  of 
Dr.  Alexander  Y.  P.  Garnett,  Jr.  Dr.  Garnett  had  applied 
for  membership,  July  6,  1885,  but  his  name  was  not  reported 
on  at  the  time  of  election,  October  7th.  He  died  March  1 2th, 
1886,  and  was  never,  therefore,  a  member,  although  sup- 
posed to  be  by  many  of  the  Society. 

January  31,  1895,  the  Society  took  action  on  the  death  of 
Dr.  Alfred  L.  Loom  is,  of  New  York  City. 

October  2,  1901,  the  Society  passed  the  following  reso- 
lution : 


46  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

"  The  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  de- 
siring to  manifest  its  appreciation  of  William  McKinley, 
late  President  of  the  United  States,  directs  the  Recording 
Secretary  to  place  upon  a  memorial  page  this  tribute  of 
respect  to  the  memory  of  a  faithful  public  servant,  worthy 
citizen,  loyal  and  brave  soldier,  unselfish  and -pure  states- 
man, efficient  President  and  upright,  honorable.  Christian 
man,  whose  exemplary  and  consistent  devotion  to  duty  in 
every  position  which  he  was  called  upon  to  fill  endeared 
him  to  his  fellow  citizens  throughout  the  entire  land.  His 
virtues  are  worthy  of  emulation,  his  memory  worth  cher- 
ishing." 

December  31,  1902,  the  Society  held  a  memorial  meeting 
in  honor  of  Dr.  Walter  Reed,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army,  and  a 
member  by  invitation,  who  had  achieved  fame  as  the  dis- 
coverer of  the  "  carrier"  of  the  yellow-fever  germ,  and  had 
also,  as  Curator  of  the  Army  Medical  Museum,  shown  many 
courtesies  to  the  Society.* 

On  the  death  of  Dr.  A.  B.  Richardson,  Superintendent 
of  the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  D.  C,  the  So- 
ciety adopted  appropriate  resolutions,  November  4,  1903.! 
And  February  24,  1904,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  E.  A.  de 
Schweinitz,  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture. t  Drs.  Rich- 
ardson and  de  Schweinitz  were  also  members  by  invitation. 

October  15,  1907,  action  was  taken  on  the  death  of  Dr. 
James  Carroll,  Major  and  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Curator 
of  the  Army  IMedical  Museum.  He  was  one  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  U.  S.  A.  Yellow  Fever  Commission,  and  a 
member  of  the  Society  by  invitation. 

coroners'   inquests. 

July  7,  1856,  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Noble 
Young,  A.  J.  Semmes  and  Grafton  Tyler,  was  appointed 
to  confer  with  the  proper  authorities  concerning  coroners' 

*  See  Washington  Medical  Annals,  1902,  I,  page  45S. 

t  Annals.  1903-4,  II,  page  354.  J  See  Annals,  1904-5,  III.  page  137. 


DIvSTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  47 

inquests.  January  5,  1857,  the  committee  reported  progress 
and  was  continued.  There  is  no  further  record  in  regard 
to  the  matter. 

QUACKERY    IN    THE    DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 

The  prevalence  of  quackery  in  this  District  lay  at  the 
foundation  of  the  original  formation  of  the  Society.  Dr. 
Toner  speaks  of  "  The  frequent  injury  and  injustice  which 
had  been  perpetrated  upon  citizens  of  the  District  by  char- 
latans and  pretended  doctors."  The  Society  undertook  to 
inform  the  public  as  to  who  were  qualified  to  practice  the 
healing  art  and  were  worthy  of  the  confidence  of  the  pub- 
lic. "  It  found,  however,  that  it  could  do  its  work  more 
successfully  by  incorporating  and  going  to  Congress  for 
authority  ;  and,  accordingly,  the  charter  was  applied  for 
and  granted." 

May  9,  i860,  the  Society  held  a  meeting  to  consider  the 
case  of  a  man  named  J.  E.  E.  Ealin,  calling  himself  a  doc- 
tor, and  claiming  to  be  a  celebrated  aurist ;  the  same  man 
had  practiced  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  as  a  "  corn  doctor." 
Drs.  Fred.  May,  H.  P.  Howard  and  J.  Borrows  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  consult  with  the  District  Attorney, 
with  a  view  to  take  such  action  as  would  be  legal  and  de- 
sirable. 

September  15,  1880,  the  Corresponding  Secretary  was 
directed  to  communicate  with  the  editor  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Press  and  obtain  the  names  of  those  persons  in  the 
District  of  Columbia  who  held  bogus  diplomas,  so  that 
they  might  be  exposed.  September  28th  the  Secretary  re- 
ported the  names  of  several  persons. 

May  21,  1884,  the  Board  of  Examiners  was  requested  to 
take  measures  to  rid  the  community  of  traveling  quacks. 
The  Board  reported  May  28th  that  this  was  not  a  part  of 
its  duties.     The  Society  then  appointed  a  committee,  Drs. 


48  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

Reyburn,  Lovejoy,  Kleinschmidt,  Franzoni  and  W.  H. 
Taylor,  to  attend  to  the  matter.  This  committee  re- 
ported July  7th,  stating  that  as  a  preliminary  step  it  had 
taken  legal  advice  as  to  the  authority  of  the  INIedical  So- 
ciety over  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  District.  The 
District  Attorney,  after  careful  attention  to  the  matter,  had 
stated  his  opinion  that  the  charter  of  the  Society  was  still 
in  force  and  there  would  be  no  difficulty  in  enforcing  the 
penalties  provided  for  therein  against  all  persons  practic- 
ing medicine  in  the  District  without  a  diploma.  But  the 
penalty  could  not  be  inflicted  if  the  person  had  a  diploma 
from  a  regular  medical  college.  The  proper  method  of 
procedure  would  be  to  summon  the  offending  party  before 
the  police  court,  and  thence  to  the  grand  jury,  for  a  bill  of 
indictment.  The  District  Attorney  would  aid,  in  every 
possible  way,  to  secure  conviction. 

The  chairman  of  the  committee  corresponded  with  the 
Secretary  of  the  Homeopathic  Medical  Society  of  the  Dis- 
trict, who  stated  that  that  Society  had  not  and  would  not 
license  any  irregular  practitioner.  The  committee  recom- 
mended that  a  circular  letter  should  be  prepared  by  the 
proper  officers  of  the  Medical  Society  and  be  sent  to  all  the 
irregular  practitioners  of  the  District,  requiring  them  to 
state  by  what  authority  they  were  practicing  in  the  Dis- 
trict, and  calling  their  attention  to  the  law. 

In  the  discussion  of  the  report  Dr.  Lovejoy  stated  that 
he  did  not  agree  with  the  District  Attorney  that  the  pos- 
session of  a  diploma  was  sufficient;  but  that,  under  the 
law,  the  individual  should  present  said  diploma  to  the 
Board  of  Examiners. 

The  report  was  accepted,  and  the  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary was  directed  to  prepare  and  send  out  the  circular  letter 
indicated,  and  to  report  results  to  a  committee  appointed 
to  receive  them. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  4g 

This  committee  consisted  of  Drs.  D.  C.  Patterson,  H.  D. 
Fry,  J.  Taber  Johnson,  T.  E.  McArdle  and  Kleinschmidt. 
September  17th,  the  Corresponding  Secretary  reported  that 
he  had  done  as  directed ;  and  his  report  was  given  to  the 
appropriate  committee,  with  instructions  to  confer  with  the 
Health  Officer  in  regard  to  the  registration  of  physicians. 

The  committee  reported,  October  15th,  that  as  the  result 
of  the  letter  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary  quite  a  num- 
ber of  persons  had  applied  to  the  Board  of  Examiners,  and 
one  person  had  been  licensed.  The  District  Attorney, 
however,  had  expressed  grave  doubts  as  to  the  validity  of 
the  law  or  his  ability  to  collect  fines  under  it,  but  said  that 
if  any  one  would  make  up  a  case  he  would  prosecute  it. 
With  a  prosecuting  officer  in  doubt  as  to  the  soundness  of 
his  case,  and  in  a  community  always  ready  to  raise  the  cry 
of  persecution,  it  was  a  question  if  the  chances  of  success 
would  be  equal  to  the  danger  of  failure.  Some  of  those 
receiving  the  circular  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary 
claimed  the  right  to  practice  under  the  regulations  of  the 
Health  Office.  The  committee  believed  this  claim  to  be 
without  foundation,  and  while  the  Health  Officer  deemed 
it  his  duty  to  allow  any  one  to  register  who  showed  his 
diploma  from  some  college  or  a  certificate  of  membership 
in  a  respectable  medical  society,  he  did  not  regard  that  act 
as  conferring  any  legal  right  whatever  to  practice  medicine. 
He  was  asked  if  he  could  not  so  far  change  his  order  in 
regard  to  registration  as  to  require  every  one  proposing  to 
register  to  first  obtain  a  license  from  the  Board  of  Exam- 
iners. This  he  declined  to  do,  taking  the  ground  that  he 
had  no  authority  under  the  law  to  require  this  as  a  prelim- 
inary to  registration.  The  committee  was  inclined  to  think 
that  most,  if  not  all,  respectable  physicians  in  the  District 
were  willing  and  anxious,  when  they  came  to  understand 
the  law,  to  take  out  this  license,  and  that  they  would  do  so 
in  due  time.  But  if  they  declined  to  do  so  after  a  proper 
time,  it  would  be  the  duty  of  the  members  of  the  Society 
to  refuse  to  consult  with  them.  It  was  believed  that  this 
would  be  much  more  effective  than  a  resort  to  legal  pro- 


50  MEDICAL,  SOCIETY 

ceedings.  After  a  careful  review  of  the  whole  subject  and 
after  consultation  with  the  Board  of  Examiners,  the  com- 
mittee was  of  the  opinion  that  the  Board  would  be  obliged 
under  existing  laws  to  license  all  who  made  application, 
if  they  furnished  a  diploma  from  a  respectable  medical  col- 
lege or  passed  a  satisfactory  examination.  -  This  would 
give  many  disreputable  persons  the  very  standing  in  the 
community  which  above  everything  else  they  most  desired, 
namely,  a  recognition  by  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District, 
and  they  would  no  doubt  immediately  advertise  as  licen- 
tiates of  the  Medical  Society.  In  view  of  all  the  circum- 
stances of  the  case,  the  uncertainty  as  to  the  results  of 
legal  proceedings,  the  danger  to  the  Society  in  case  of 
failure,  and  last,  but  not  least,  the  obloquy  which  would 
justly  attach  to  the  Society  should  the  Board  of  Examiners 
be  forced  to  license  every  charlatan  who  might  be  fortunate 
enough  to  hold  a  diploma  from  some  respectable  medical 
college,  the  committee  respectfully  recommended  that  the 
further  consideration  of  the  matter  should  be  indefinitely 
postponed. 

The  report  was  accepted  and  committee  discharged,  but 
a  motion  to  concur  in  the  report  was  laid  on  the  table. 

February  28,  1894,  the  Society  adopted  the  following 
resolution  : 

Whereas,  The  Washington  Post^  of  this  city,  enters  a 
large  number  of  our  homes  and  is  read  by  a  large  number 
of  our  sons  and  daughters ;  and  whereas,  we  have  no  de- 
sire to  deprive  our  families  of  the  benefits  arising  from  the 
perusal  of  this  newspaper  ;  and  whereas,  this  paper  has,  in 
our  opinion,  some  most  objectionable  advertisements,  such 
as  the  following :  "  one  male  in  every  five  is  afflicted  with 
varicocele  :  they  are  the  great  impediment  to  marriage  ;  I 
am  the  only  physician  on  earth  that  can  cure  a  varicocele 
without  operation  or  pain  ;"  the  above  advertisement  being 
in  bold  type  and  occupying  a  whole  column,  thus  render- 
ing it  very  conspicuous.  Also  the  advertisements  of  "  sexual 
impotency,"  "seminal  losses,"  "the  curing  of  syphilis  in 
from  30  to  90  days,"  "  pennyroyal  pills,"  "results  of  self- 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  5 1 

abuse  in  youth,"  "  nocturnal  emissions,"  "  sexual  exhaus- 
tion," and  many  other  objectionable  announcements  of  like 
character.  And  whereas,  we  believe  these  statements  to  be 
false  ;  calling  attention  to  subjects  which  should  not  occupy 
the  minds  of  the  young ;  suggesting  to  them  the  impure, 
rather  than  the  pure ;  and  thus  both  directly  and  indirectly 
tending  to  promote  crime,  disease  and  licentiousness ; 
therefore 

'•'■Resolved :  That  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  by 
the  Chair  to  report  to  this  Society  what  action,  if  any, 
should  be  taken  in  the  matter." 

Drs.  C.  H.  Stowell,  T.  E.  McArdle  and  P.  S.  Roy  were 
appointed  the  committee  ;  it  reported  March  14th  as  follows: 

"  Whereas,  It  is  the  duty  of  the  medical  profession  to 
protect  the  community  from  all  things  which  menace 
health  ;  and  whereas,  the  public  press  contains  many  ad- 
vertisements which  advise  people  to  purchase  nostrums 
and  consult  charlatans  ;  and  whereas,  many  of  these  adver- 
tisements are  both  indecent  and  immoral,  tending  to  excite 
curiosity  in  the  young  and  calling  attention  to  those  sub- 
jects which  by  common  consent  are  deemed  productive  of 
disease,  vice  and  crime,  and  whereby  many  individuals 
are  thereby  led  to  think  themselves  suffering  from  some 
serious  disease  so  enticingly,  but  incorrectly,  described  by 
said  charlatans  :  and  whereas,  a  bill  has  been  introduced 
in  the  House  of  Representatives,  known  as  Bill  No.  4732, 
a  copy  of  which  is  here  appended,  the  purpose  of  which  is 
to  correct  these  existing  evils,  to  wit  : 

"^(?  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  Hoiise  of  Representa- 
tives of  the  United  States  of  America  itt  Congress  assem- 
bled:  That  Section  3893  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the 
United  States  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  so  as 
to  read  as  follows  : 

"Sec.  3893.  Every  obscene,  lewd,  filthy,  indecent  or  las- 
civious book,  pamphlet,  picture,  paper,  letter,  writing, 
print,  or  other  publication  of  an  indecent  or  filthy  charac- 
ter, or  devoted  to  the  publication  or  principally  made  up 
of  criminal  news,  police  reports,  or  accounts  of  criminal 


52  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

deeds,  or  pictures  or  stories  of  immoral  deeds,  lust,  or 
crime,  and  every  article  or  thing  designed  or  intended  for 
the  prevention  of  conception  or  procuring  of  abortion,  and 
every  article  or  thing  intended  or  adapted  for  any  indecent 
or  immoral  use,  and  every  written  or  printed  card,  letter, 
circular,  book,  pamphlet,  advertisement,  or  notice  of  any 
kind,  giving  information  directly  or  indirectly,  where,  or 
how,  or  of  whom,  or  by  what  means  any  of  the  hereinbe- 
fore mentioned  matters,  articles,  or  things  may  be  obtained 
or  made,  or  advertisement  contained  in  any  newspaper, 
pamphlet,  or  circular  giving  information  where  or  by 
whom  abortions  may  be  performed,  or  where  pills,  medi- 
cines, nostrums,  or  advice  for  the  prevention  of  conception 
or  for  abortion  may  be  obtained,  or  advertisements  of  med- 
icines, drugs,  nostrums  or  apparatus  for  the  cure  of  private 
or  venereal  diseases,  whether  sealed  as  first-class  matter  or  not, 
are  hereby  declared  to  be  non-mailable  matter,  and  shall 
not  be  conveyed  in  the  mails  nor  delivered  from  any  post- 
office  nor  by  any  letter  carrier ;  and  any  person  who  shall 
knowingly  deposit  or  cause  to  be  deposited  for  mailing  or 
delivery,  anything  declared  by  this  section  to  be  nonmail- 
able matter,  and  any  person  who  shall  knowingly  take  the 
same,  or  cause  the  same  to  be  taken  from  the  mails  for  the 
purpose  of  circulating  or  disposing  of  or  aiding  in  the  cir- 
culation or  disposition  of  the  same  shall,  for  each  and  every 
offence  be  fined  upon  conviction  thereof  not  more  than  five 
thousand  dollars  or  imprisoned  at  hard  labor  not  more  than 
five  years,  or  both,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court ;  and  all 
offences  committed  under  the  section  of  which  this  is 
amendatory,  prior  to  the  approval  of  this  act,  may  be  pros- 
ecuted and  punished  under  the  same  in  the  same  manner 
and  with  the  same  effect  as  if  this  act  had  not  been  passed; 
and  the  Postmaster  General  shall  have  full  authority  to 
declare  what  matter  is  nonmailable  under  this  act  so  far  as 
the  transportation  in  the  mails  is  concerned  :  Provided^ 
That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  authorize  any  person  to  open 
any  letter  or  sealed  matter  of  the  first  class  not  addressed 
to  himself  ;  And  provided  further  ^  That  upon  the  contin- 
ued mailing  of  newspapers  or  periodicals  containing  adver- 
tisements or  other  articles  or  items  forbidden  by  this  act  to 


i 


DISTRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA 


53 


be  transmitted  in  the  mails,  the  Postmaster  General  is 
hereby  authorized  to  declare  said  publication,  including 
future  issues  thereof,  nonmailable. 

"  Therefore,  your  committee  recommends  the  passage  of 
the  following  resolution  ;  Resolved^  that  the  Medical  Soci- 
ety of  the  District  of  Columbia,  in  behalf  of  the  health  and 
morality  of  this  community,  gives  its  hearty  support  and 
unqualified  approval  to  the  House  bill  No.  4732,  and  that 
we  hereby  urge  upon  Congress  the  passage  of  the  same." 

The  report  was  adopted  and  a  copy  ordered  to  be  sent  to 
the  House  Committee  on  Post  Offices. 

April  18,  1894,  the  Society  appointed  a  committee,  con- 
sisting of  Drs.  T.  E.  McArdle,  S.  O.  Richey,  J.  H.  McCor- 
mick,  G.  Wythe  Cook  and  W.  C.  Woodward,  to  consider 
what  steps  should  be  taken  to  suppress  quackery  in  the 
District.  To  this  committee  was  referred  the  section  of 
the  Pharmacy  Act  in  regard  to  illegal  dispensing  of  med- 
icines. It  does  not  appear  that  the  committee  made  any 
report. 

THE  SCIENTIFIC  WORK  OF  THE  SOCIETY  ;  THE  ESSAYS 
READ  ;  THE  PATHOLOGICAL  SPECIMEMS  AND  PATIENTS 
PRESENTED  ;    AND  THE  DISCUSSIONS  THEREON. 

There  would  be  no  advantage  in  listing  the  many  essays 
that  have  been  read  before  the  Society.  Their  name  is 
legion  and  their  scope  is  the  whole  domain  of  medicine 
and  surgery,  and  the  collateral  sciences.  Very  many  have 
been  published  and  thus  made  accessible  to  the  profession 
at  large.  They  may  be  said  to  have  had  the  average  value 
of  Medical  Society  papers ;  some,  perhaps  many,  showed 
originality  and  observation. 

Dr.  Toner  *  *  *  (Anniv.  Oration,  page  68)  gives  a 
list  of  papers  contributed  by  members  to  medical  journals 
in  the  early  history  of  the  Society  ;  the  following  three,  at 


54  MEDICAIv  SOCIETY 

least,  were  read  before  the  Society  :  "  On  ovarian  disease 
and  abdominal  steatomata  ;"  read  by  Dr.  Thomas  Render- 
son,  July,  1818.  By  Dr.  Henderson  also,  "Report  on  the 
diseases  of  Georgetown;  report  for  1820  and  1821  ;"  read 
in  1821.  By  Dr.  N.  P.  Causin,  "An  essay  on  autumnal 
bilious  epidemic  of  the  United  States  ;"  read  in  April,  1823. 
The  minutes  of  the  Society  up  to  1838  were  either  lost 
or  destroyed  by  fire.  For  many  years  after  1838  the  titles 
of  papers  read  before  the  Society  did  not  appear  in  the 
minutes ;  indeed,  were  we  to  judge  by  the  scanty  minutes 
themselves  the  scientific  side  of  the  Society  would  seem  to 
have  been  almost  entirely  neglected.  The  first  record  of 
any  essay  read  is  of  one  by  Dr.  D.  R.  Hagner,  March  14, 
1864,  on  "Vaccination;"  it  was  referred  to  a  committee 
and  was  ordered  printed  ;  there  is  no  record  of  its  having 
been  discussed.  The  next  record  is  July  4,  1864,  when 
Dr.  Charles  Allen  read  a  paper,  expressing  the  desire  that 
special  meetings  should  be  held  to  promote  a  more  friendly 
relation  between  the  members  and  to  consider  and  promote 
subjects  connected  with  medicine.  August  8th,  Dr.  John- 
son Eliot  was  appointed  to  ask  Dr.  Harvey  Lindsly  to  read  a 
paper  on  Asiatic  cholera.  August  2 2d,  the  time  appointed. 
Dr.  Lindsly  failed  to  appear,  and  Dr.  Eliot  himself  read 
the  paper ;  and  it  is  stated  that  there  was  considerable 
discussion.  The  same  evening  Dr.  J.  E.  Morgan  was  ap- 
pointed to  read  a  paper  on  diphtheria,  with  Dr.  F.  Howard 
as  alternate  ;  September  5th,  Dr.  Morgan  being  absent,  Dr. 
Howard  opened  a  discussion  on  this  subject.  September 
19th,  Dr.  N.  S.  Lincoln  read  a  paper  on  typhoid  fever,  which 
was  discussed,  and  the  discussion  continued  over  the  next 
meeting.  October  25th,  Dr.  Wm.  Marbury  read  one  on 
placenta  praevia.  November  15th,  Dr.  J.  Ford  Thompson 
read  one  on  syphilis.  November  28th,  Dr.  Eliot  read  one  on 
the  bromides  in  epilepsy  ;  and  Dr.  L.  Mackall,  on  the  use  of 


DISTRICT  OF  COI.UMBIA  55 

permanganate  of  potassium  in  diphtheria.  The  use  of 
digitalis  and  sulphuric  ether  in  delirium  tremens  was  also 
discussed.  December  12th,  epilepsy  was  discussed.  Thus 
ended  the  essays  for  1864. 

The  good  example  of  1864  was  imitated  in  1865,  and  a 
few  of  the  papers  read  may  be  mentioned.  May  3d,  Dr.  R. 
K.  Stone  read  an  account  of  the  death  of  President  Lincoln 
and  the  results  of  the  autopsy.  May  30th,  Dr.  A.  F.  A.  King 
read  a  paper  on  menstruation,  which  he  claimed  to  be  a 
disease.  October  4th,  Dr.  L.  Mackall,  Jr.,  read  a  paper 
which  had  been  published  by  his  father,  Dr.  Louis  Mackall, 
in  1862,  on  the  philosophy  of  muscular  action.  This  paper 
was  much  criticised,  and  Dr.  Mackall  replied  to  the  criti- 
cism January  31,  1866.  December  20,  1865,  Dr.  Toner 
read  a  paper  on  the  history  of  the  medical  profession  in 
this  District.  He  lamented  that  up  to  that  time  no  full 
record  of  the  Society's  transactions  had  been  made,  and  no 
history  of  the  various  epidemics  that  had  prevailed.  He 
wanted  a  medical  library  and  museum  and  also  a  perma- 
nent home  for  the  Society.  This  address  was  presumably 
the  basis  of  his  oration  September  26,  1866. 

In  1866  a  Committee  on  Evening  Arrangements  was 
appointed,  whose  duty  it  was  to  propose  subjects  for  discus- 
sion. From  this  time  an  increase  of  interest  in  the  scien- 
tific work  of  the  Society  was  noted. 

In  the  early  part  of  1883  the  Society  ordered  that  postal 
cards  should  be  sent  to  members,  giving  information  of 
papers  to  be  read.  Dr.  J.  T.  Howard  says  that  in  1863 
and  1864  notices  of  the  meetings  were  mailed  by  the  Pres- 
ident [Dr.  Borrows]  himself  to  the  members,  over  his  sig- 
nature, and  on  a  card  two  by  three  inches,  duly  stamped. 
Dr.  Howard  maintains  that  President  Borrows  was  the 
founder  of  the  postal-card  system  in  this  city.  October 
31st,  the  Society  again  ordered  that  cards  should  be  sent  to 


56  MEDICAI^  SOCIETY 

members,  announcing  the  titles  of  papers  to  be  read  and 
names  of  authors.  January  7,  1884,  the  Society  adopted 
an  amendment  to  Art.  Ill  of  the  by-laws,  that  the  Corre- 
sponding Secretary  should  notify  members,  by  mail,  of  the 
meetings  and  the  titles  of  papers  and  the  authors'  names. 

January  29,  1890,  the  Committee  on  Essays  recom- 
mended that  the  President  of  the  Society  be  authorized 
and  requested  to  appoint  essayists  whose  duty  it  should  be 
to  read  papers  before  the  Society  on  the  first  Wednesday 
in  each  month  ;  also  to  appoint  an  alternate,  to  supply  a 
paper  when  an  essayist  was  unable  to  do  so.  The  com- 
mittee also  recommended  that  during  the  month  of 
December  of  each  year  the  President  should  deliver  an 
address,  the  date  to  be  left  to  his  convenience.  February 
5th,  the  recommendations  were  adopted.  At  the  meeting 
October  7th,  the  President  appointed  the  essayists  for  the 
remainder  of  the  year  1891  and  the  first  session  of  1892  ; 
July  4,  1892,  for  1892-3;  July  3,  1893,  for  1893-4;  De- 
cember 5,  1894,  for  1894-5;  July  I,  1895,  for  1895-6; 
October  28,  1896,  for  the  year  1897;  and  since  then  the 
essayists  for  the  ensuing  year  have  been  announced,  either 
at  the  December  meeting,  when  the  President  delivered 
his  annual  address,  or  at  the  first  meeting  in  the  following 
January.  According  to  By-law  I,  the  appointment  should 
be  made  at  the  "commencement  of  the  year." 

January  16,  1895,  the  Society  ordered  that  discussion 
on  a  paper  should  be  closed  on  the  evening  that  the  paper 
was  read,  unless  carried  over  by  a  two-thirds  vote ;  also 
that  the  regular  essayist  of  the  evening  should  read  his 
paper  immediately  after  the  presentation  of  pathological 
specimens.  February  6th,  the  Society  created  the  office  of 
Assistant  Recording  Secretary,  his  duty  to  make  a  steno- 
graphic report  of  all  medical  discussions  and,  after  consul- 
tation   with    the    members  concerned    therein,  make    the 


MARTIN    VAN  BUREN    BOGAN 


15 


Joyce  £ng.  Co. 


i6 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  57 

necessary  corrections  in  the  report ;  these  to  be  verified  by 
a  committee,  consisting  of  the  President,  Recording  Secre- 
tary and  Assistant  Secretary,  and  when  any  alteration  had 
been  made  not  accepted  by  said  committee,  the  fact  should 
be  reported  to  the  Society  at  the  meeting  next  succeeding 
that  at  which  the  discussion  took  place,  for  final  vote  by 
the  Society.  The  office  of  Assistant  Secretary  lapsed  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1898,  and  with  it  the  above  provision. 

The  record  of  many  cases  of  disease  and  injury  reported 
to  the  Society  fails  to  show  whether  or  not  the  pathological 
specimens  were  also  presented  ;  probably  in  most  of  these 
cases  they  were  not.  The  first  case  reported  was  one 
by  Dr.  Antisell,  July  19,  1865,  a  fracture  of  the  skull,  with 
abscess  of  brain.  The  second  recorded  case  was  August 
30th,  the  same  year,  by  Dr.  S.  A.  H.  McKim  ;  laceration  of 
the  liver  by  shot  wound.  September  30th,  Dr.  J.  Ford 
Thompson  reported  two  cases  of  fracture  of  the  skull.  De- 
cember 20th,  Dr.  G.  Tyler  reported  a  case  of  malformation 
in  a  stillborn  infant.  December  27th,  Dr.  Thomas  Miller 
reported  another  malformation. 

It  is  not  worth  while  to  continue  this  list.  Suffice  it  to 
say  that  from  this  time  it  became  quite  common  to  report 
such  cases. 

Presentation  of  pathological  specimens. — The  first  re- 
corded instance  of  the  presentation  of  a  pathological  speci- 
men was  April  19,  1865,  when  Dr.  D.  R.  Hagner  showed 
a  specimen  of  ossification  (?)  of  the  mitral  valve.  The 
second  instance  was  July  19th  ;  Dr.  Antisell  showed  a  speci- 
men and  reported  the  case  of  perforation  of  the  vermiform 
appendix.  The  third  instance  was  August  30th,  when  Dr. 
Johnson  Eliot  showed  a  bone  to  illustrate  how  the  cranium 
is  made  secure  after  trephining.  March  7,  1866,  Dr.  S.  S. 
Bond  showed  a  specimen  of  great  distension  of  the  colon 
in  a  man  reputed  to  be  105  years  old.     March  21st,  Dr.  J. 


58  MEDICAID  SOCIETY 

Ford  Thompson  showed  a  specimen  of  thickened  and  con- 
tracted bladder.  After  this  time  specimens  were  shown 
with  comparative  frequency,  so  much  so,  that  the  Society 
ordered  the  purchase  of  an  anatomical  tray.  May  i6th,  Dr. 
J.  Harry  Thompson  showed  a  hypertrophied  heart  weigh- 
ing 28  ounces,  and  cirrhosis  of  the  liver  and  kidneys,  the 
kidneys  weighing,  respectively,  13  and  14  ounces;  from  a 
case  of  death  from  Bright's  disease  in  a  man  who  weighed 
500  pounds  and  had  eight  inches  of  fat  over  his  abdomen. 
October  17th,  Dr.  J.  H.  Thompson  showed  an  ovarian 
tumor. 

It  would  be  of  no  advantage  to  continue  the  record. 
Such  specimens  have  been  frequently  shown  and  discussed  ; 
but  it  was  not  until  January  12,  1870,  that  any  provision 
for  them  was  made  in  the  order  of  business ;  their  present- 
ation was  then  indicated  after  "  Miscellaneous  business." 
Curiously  enough,  there  have  been  members  who  looked 
with  scant  favor  on  this  part  of  the  evening  program,  but 
to  the  majority,  probably,  the  specimens  have  proved  inter- 
esting and  instructive. 

March  26,  1873,  the  Society  ordered  the  purchase  of 
another  tray,  or  waiter ;  December  8,  1875,  a  washstand 
with  basin  and  pitcher;  November  30,  1887,  plates  and 
towels  were  ordered  ;  and  December  7th,  Dr.  C.  E.  Hagner 
presented  the  Society  with  a  dissecting  case.  March  5, 
1902,  the  Society  ordered  that  one  Wednesday  in  .each 
month  should  be  devoted  exclusively  to  pathological  speci- 
mens, but  this  rule  soon  passed  into  "innocuous  desuetude." 

The  presentation  of  the  patients  themselves. — The  first 
recorded  presentation  of  the  patient  himself  to  the  con- 
sideration of  the  Society  was  May  14,  1856,  when  the 
famous  Alexis  St.  Martin,  of  gastric  fistula  fame,  was 
examined  and  discussed.     A  special  meeting  was  called  for 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  59 

the  purpose.  In  spite,  however,  of  the  extraordinary  char- 
acter of  the  case,  the  meeting  was  but  poorly  attended. 

The  next  record  of  the  patient  himself  being  presented 
was  February  5,  1859.  This  case  was  less  famous,  but  was 
equally  unusual ;  it  was  that  of  Dr.  Groux,  who  had  a  con- 
genital fissure  of  the  sternum  ;  the  action  of  the  heart, 
aorta  and  lungs  was  demonstrated.  A  special  meeting  was 
called  for  the  purpose. 

The  third  record  is  on  August  30,  1865,  when  Dr.  C.  M. 
Ford  showed  a  patient  with  fracture  of  the  skull. 

So  far  as  the  record  shows,  ten  years  more  now  elapsed 
before  another  patient  was  presented. 

The  reading  of  papers  or  exhibitioji  of  specimens  by 
others  than  active  members  of  the  Society. — The  first  re- 
corded instance  of  this  was  May  9,  1866,  when  Drs.  C.  A. 
Lee,  of  New  York,  and  L.  M.  Linton,  of  St.  Louis,  discussed 
the  subject  of  Asiatic  cholera  and  Dr.  Marsden's  quarantine 
system.  The  same  month,  May  30th,  Dr.  N.  W.  Hubbard, 
of  Ohio,  showed  a  patent  hernia  truss  of  his  own  inven- 
tion. Next  came  Dr.  J.  J.  Woodward,  U.  S.  A.,  January  21, 
1874;  Dr.  John  S.  Billings,  U.  S.  A.,  February  28,  1877  ; 
Dr.  Paul  F.  Munde,  of  New  York  City,  April  26,  1882  ; 
Capt.  T.  W.  Simonds,  U.  S.  A.,  April  21,  1886;  Dr.  I.  W. 
Blackburn,  Pathologist  to  the  Government  Hospital  for  the 
Insane,  November  3d  ;  Dr.  W.  W.  Godding,  Superintendent 
of  the  same  hospital,  and  who  afterwards  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Society,  December  ist ;  Dr.  E.  O.  Shakspeare,  of 
Philadelphia,  who  had  just  returned  from  an  investigation 
of  cholera  abroad,  March  16,  1887  ;  and  Dr.  M.  G.  Ellzey, 
May  4th. 

May  II,  1887,  Dr.  T.  C.  Smith,  as  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary, asked  to  be  instructed  as  to  how  far  he  might  go  on 
his  own  responsibility  in  inviting  gentlemen  not  members 
or  licentiates  of  the  Society  to  address  the  Society  on  some 


6o  MKOICAI.  SOCIETY 

live  topic.  He  had  been  asked  to  invite  a  gentleman  to 
do  so,  but  in  talking  the  matter  over  with  a  member  Dr. 
Smith  found  that  there  was  some  opposition  to  this  person, 
and  he  wanted  to  know  if  he  should  extend  any  invitation 
without  first  consulting  the  Society.  The-  discussion 
showed  that  the  consensus  of  opinion  was  that  the  Corre- 
sponding Secretary  might  extend  invitations  on  his  own 
responsibility,  but  it  would  be  expected  that  he  would  ex- 
ercise discretion.     No  formal  action,  however,  was  taken. 

November  23d,  Dr.  Blackburn  again  addressed  the  Soci- 
ety, and  May  3,  1888,  Dr.  William  A.  Hammond,  retired 
Surgeon  General,  U.  S.  A. 

January  30,  1889,  Dr.  Smith  again  raised  the  question 
of  non-members  reading  essays  before  the  Society.  He 
wanted  to  know  whether  the  Committee  on  Essays  was 
authorized  to  secure  papers  from  prominent  medical  men 
visiting  the  city,  and,  to  settle  the  question,  moved  that 
the  committee  be  instructed  to  secure  papers  from  said 
persons.  The  matter  was  postponed  until  February  13th, 
when  the  Essay  Committee  was  instructed  to  secure  papers 
from  medical  gentlemen,  eminent  in  the  profession,  from  a 
distance,  who  might  be  visiting  the  city,  but  the  committee 
should  not  extend  invitations  under  other  circumstances. 

Dr.  J.  B.  Mattison,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  addressed  the 
Society,  January  21,  1891  ;  Dr.  George  B.  Penrose,  resident 
physician  at  Barnes  Hospital,  D.  C,  March  2,  1892  ;  Dr. 
L.  Emmett  Holt,  of  New  York  City,  March  30th  ;  and  Dr. 
Elmer  Lee,  of  Chicago,  December  7th;  Dr.  Herman  Canfield, 
of  Bristol,  R  I.,  May  24,  1893  '■>  Dr.  J.  J.  Kinyoun,  of  the 
Marine  Hospital  Service,  March  7,  1894;  Dr.  John  S. 
Billings,  U.  S.  A.,  October  24th  ;  Dr.  Joseph  Price,  of  Phila- 
delphia, November  28th;  Dr.  Kinyoun  again,  January  9, 
1895  ;  Dr.  Wm.  P.  Mason,  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  January  30th  ;  Dr. 
W.  J.  McGee,  of  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology,  Wash- 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  6 1 

ington,  February  6th.  On  this  date  the  Society  ordered 
that  men  eminent  in  medicine,  not  members  of  the  Society 
and  not  exceeding  four  in  number,  might  be  invited 
annually  to  address  the  Society. 

March  6,  1895,  Surgeon  General  George  M.  Sternberg, 
U.  S.  A.,  addressed  the  Society  ;  March  27th,  Dr.  C.  W. 
Stiles,  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture;  April  loth,  Dr. 
Andrew  H.  Smith,  of  New  York  City;  May  ist,  Dr.  Wm. 
Osier;  May  15th,  Dr.  Bedford  Brown,  of  xA.lexandria,  Va.  ; 
May  29th,  Dr.  Walter  Reed,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army,  and  Cura- 
tor of  the  Army  Medical  Museum  ;  November  27th,  Dr. 
Abraham  Jacobi,  of  New  York  City. 

May  6,  1896,  Dr.  C.  H.  Alden,  Assist.  Surg.  Gen.,  U.  S.  A.; 
May  13th,  Dr.  V.  A.  Moore,  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture ;  November  25th,  Dr.  C.  F.  Dawson,  of  the  same 
Department. 

February  24,  1897,  General  Sternberg  again ;  March  17th, 
Dr.  D.  L.  Huntington,  Assist.  Surg.  General,  U.  S.  A.,  and  in 
charge  of  the  Army  Medical  Museum  and  Library  ;  March 
24th,  Dr.  Walter  Wyman,  Supervising  Surgeon  General, 
Marine  Hospital  Service. 

January  19,  1898,  Dr.  Stiles  again;  February  2d,  Dr.  E.  A. 
de  Schweinitz,  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture ;  April 
20th,  Dr.  E.  M.  Gallaudet,  President  of  the  Deaf  Mute  Col- 
lege, D.  C. ;  April  27th,  Dr.  Robert  Fletcher,  of  the  Army 
Medical  Library  ;  October  5th,  Mrs.  Armstrong  Hopkins, 
of  India. 

February  22,  1899,  Dr.  E.  L.  Munson,  U.  S.  A.  ;  April 
1 2th,  Dr.  G.  T.  Vaughan,  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital  Ser- 
vice ;  April  26th,  Drs.  L.  A.  LaGarde,  W.  C.  Borden  and 
E.  L.  Munson,  U.  S.  A.  ;  May  17th,  Dr.  Harvey  Wiley,  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture;  October  nth,  Mr.  G.  E. 
Gordon,  of  the  Walker-Gordon  Laboratory,  Washington  ; 


52  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

October  25th,  Dr.  Borden  again  ;  November  ist,  Dr.  La- 
Garde  again. 

January  10,  1900,  Dr.  Jacobi  again;  January  17th,  Dr.  W. 
O.  Atwater,  of  Wesleyan  College,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Dr. 
Charles  Smart,  Asst.  Surg.  Gen.,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Mr.  C.  F. 
Langworthy;  April  nth, Dr.  E.  B.  Behrend,  of  Washington; 
October  3d,  Dr.  Borden  again;  October  17th,  Dr.  Stiles 
again  ;  November  14th,  Dr.  LaGarde  again. 

May  8,  1901,  Mr.  L.  H.  Warner,  of  New  York  City  ; 
May  29th,  Dr.  Walter  Reed  again  ;  November  6th,  Dr. 
Stiles  again. 

February  26,  1902,  Dr.  V.  P.  Gibney,  of  New  York  City ; 
March  26th,  Dr.  Robert  Fletcher  again  ;  April  30th,  Dr. 
Jacobi  again  ;  October  ist,  Dr.  Borden  again  ;  December 
4th,  Dr.  Adolf  Lorenz,  of  Vienna,  Austria. 

March  11,  1903,  Dr.  E.  L.  Keyes,  Jr.,  of  New  York  City  ; 
March  i6th,  Dr.  W.  C.  Gorgas,  Asst.  Surg.  Gen.,  U.  S.  A.  ; 
April  22d,  Dr.  Wiley  again  ;  April  29th,  Dr.  de  Schweinitz 
again  and  Dr.  D.  V.  Salmon,  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture;  May  15th,  Dr.  J.  B.  Murphy,  of  Chicago. 

March  16,  1904,  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen,  of  Philadelphia; 
IMarch  23d,  Dr.  Keyes  again  ;  October  26th,  Dr.  Sternberg 
again  ;  November  9th,  Dr.  J.  H.  Musser,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  Dr.  E.  B.  Dench,  of  New  York  City. 

January  11,  1905,  Dr.  James  J.  Walsh,  of  New  York 
City;  April  20th,  Dr.  W.  F.  Grenfell,  of  the  Labrador  Coast; 
October  nth.  Dr.  Blackburn  again;  November  29th,  Dr.  A. 
Hrdlicka,  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

January  24,  1906,  Dr.  Vaughan  again;  January  31st,  Drs. 
Blackburn  and  Stiles  again;  February  21st,  Mr.  Charles 
Truax,  of  Chicago;  March  14th,  Dr.  Robert  Abbe,  of  New 
York  City;  October  12th,  Dr.  A.  E.  Wright,  of  London, 
England. 

January  23,  1907,  Dr.  E.  M.  Santee  and  Messrs.  K.  F. 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  63 

Kellerman,  T.  D.  Beckwith  and  G.  M.  Whitaker,  Dept. 
Agriculture,  and  Dr.  Turner,  Health  Dept.,  D.  C.  ;  Feb- 
ruary 13th,  Dr.  Theodor  Schott,  of  Bad  Nauheim,  Germany; 
February  27th,  Dr.  J.  C.  Wise,  U.  S.  Navy;  March  27th, 
Dr.  B.  K.  Ashford,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Dr.  C.  W.  Stiles  again  ; 
April  loth,  Dr.  Blackburn  again;  April  17th,  Dr.  W.  S.  Hal- 
sted,  of  Johns  Hopkins  ;  May  29th,  Dr.  Wm.  A.  White, 
Supt.  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  D.  C.  ;  Novem- 
ber 6th,  Dr.  Hrdlicka  again. 

February  19,  1908,  Major  Spencer  Cosby,  U.  S.  A.  ;  Mr. 
F.  F.  Longley ;  Drs.  M.  J.  Rosenau,  L.  L.  Lumsden  and 
Mr.  J.  H.  Kastle,  Marine  Hospital  Service  ;  and  Drs.  Har- 
vey Wiley,  B.  M.  Bolton  and  Mr.  C.  B.  Lane,  U.  S.  Dept. 
Agriculture ;  March  i8th,  Dr.  J.  M.  T.  Finney,  Baltimore, 
Md. ;  April  8th,  Dr.  T.  A.  Williams ;  April  29th,  Dr.  J.  C. 
DaCosta,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  November  4th,  Dr.  R.  A.  Ham- 
ilton of  Washington  ;  December  2d,  Dr.  Williams  again. 

January  13,  1909,  Dr.  Geo.  Ben  Johnston,  Richmond,  Va.; 
February  17th,  Dr.  T.  M.  Rotch,  Boston,  Mass.  ;  March 
loth,  Dr.  L.  L.  Flick,  of  Philadelphia,  and  General  Stern- 
berg ;  March  24th,  Dr.  Wm.  P.  Spratling,  Baltimore,  Md.  ; 
and  March  31st,  Dr.  White  again. 

In  1905,  several  members  were  appointed  to  read  reviews 
on  important  subjects,  and  annually  since  then,  the  Pres- 
ident has  announced  a  list  of  "  Reviewers  "  for  the  year. 
There  is  no  record  of  any  action  having  been  taken  by  the 
Society ;  the  custom,  however,  appears  to  be  established. 

THE    SOCIETY    AND    THE    DISTRICT    OF   COLUMBIA 
GENERALLY. 

At  a  very  early  period  in  its  history  the  Society  showed 
an  interest  in  public  matters — disease,  sanitation,  etc.,  as 
affecting  the  District  of  Columbia.     Whenever  the  occa- 


64  MEDICAI.  SOCIETY 

sion  has  required,  the  Society  has  met  its  opportunity  and 
generally  succeeded  in  making  itself  felt  in  the  community. 
Dr.  Toner,  in  his  oration,  1866,  said  that — 

"  The  benefits  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  to  this  community  have  never  been  fully  appre- 
ciated by  them,  and  perhaps  not  to  the  full  extent  it  de- 
serves by  the  members  themselves.  *  *  *  It  is  a 
mistake  to  suppose  that  the  benefits  of  a  medical  associa- 
tion are  limited,  or  chiefly  important,  to  its  members.  The 
skill  and  proficiency  of  the  medical  profession  is  but  a 
legacy  held  in  trust  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  commun- 
ity. The  interest  of  the  public  and  the  profession  in  this 
respect  is  almost  identical.  Each  is  benefited,  but  the 
public  most,  by  whatever  measure  advances  and  dissemi- 
nates a  knowledge  of  the  healing  art  and  the  prevention 
of  disease.  *  *  *  But  there  are  other  duties  of  a  more 
public  nature,  which  belong  to  the  profession  in  its  asso- 
ciate rather  than  in  its  individual  capacity.  With  special 
reference  to  these  this  Society  was  originally  constituted." 

February  i,  1864,  ^^  view  of  the  prevalence  of  smallpox, 
the  Society  appointed  a  committee,  consisting  of  one  mem- 
ber from  each  ward  of  Washington  and  two  from  George- 
town, to  consider  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  District. 
Dr.  T.  Antisell  was  made  chairman  ;  the  other  members 
were  Drs.  W.  G.  H.  Newman,  F.  Howard,  Wm.  Marbury,  J. 
Eliot,  G.  W.  McCoy,  J.  M.  Roberts  and  J.  E.  Morgan. 
March  7th,  the  committee  reported ;  the  report  was  adopted 
and  ordered  printed.  The  printed  report  covered  ten 
pages,  besides  twelve  pages  of  appendices.  It  related 
mainly  to  precautions  against  smallpox,  but  also  consid- 
ered insanitary  matters  generally,  and  especially  recom- 
mended a  skeleton  of  a  constitution  and  duties  of  a  Board 
of  Health. 

Three  committees  were  appointed  to  carry  out  the  re- 
commendations :  Drs.  Liebermann  and  W.  P.  Johnston  to 


I? 


J 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  65 

see  the  Secretary  of  War  ;  Drs.  Wm.  Jones,  F.  B.  Culver 
and  Marbury  to  see  members  of  Congress ;  and  Drs.  Mor- 
gan, J.  Borrows  and  Howard  to  see  the  municipal  author- 
ities. January  9,  1865,  Dr.  Antisell  made  a  report,  which 
was  accepted,  and  the  committee  was  instructed  to  submit 
the  matter  to  Congress.  January  23d,  Dr.  Antisell  reported 
that  a  bill  had  been  introduced  into  Congress  and  referred 
to  a  committee. 

March  28,  1866,  Dr.  J.  Phillips  read  a  paper  on  the  san- 
itary condition  of  Washington,  in  which  he  recommended 
surface  drainage,  removal  of  garbage,  daily  sweeping  of 
streets  and  removal  of  sweepings  ;  also  rigid  ordinances 
regarding  privies,  preventing  the  waste  from  running  hy- 
drants, and  filling  the  canal ;  and  the  appointing  of  proper 
medical  inspectors  and  attendants  to  the  poor. 

April  7,  1897,  the  Society  ordered  that  a  memorial  be 
prepared  and  sent  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  favoring  a  bill 
(House  bill  9142)  that  had  passed  the  House  at  a  previous 
session,  regulating  the  disposal  of  animal  excreta  [see 
Senate  Documents,  1897,  No.  14]. 

Further  information  in  regard  to  certain  subjects  of 
sanitation  will  be  found  under  the  respective  headings  in 
this  publication.  Those  interested  are  also  referred  to  the 
address  of  Dr.  Busey  before  the  Washington  Academy  of 
Sciences,  December  14,  1898,  published  in  his  volume  of 
addresses,  pages  135  to  173,  with  four  plates  ;  also  in  the 
Trans.  Med.  Soc.  for  1898,  pages  182,  198  ;  and  in  National 
Med.  Review^  1898-9,  VIII,  pages  502  to  518. 

January  31,  1866,  a  committee,  Drs.  Howard,  Morgan 
and  Borrows,  was  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  expediency 
of  organizing  a  society  in  the  District  for  the  relief  of 
widows  and  orphans  of  medical  men.  The  committee 
made  no  report,  and  the  subject  was  never  again  brought 
before  the  Society. 

5 


66  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

ASIATIC   CHOLERA. 

The  subject  of  cholera  has  been  discussed  by  the  Society 
a  number  of  times.  Washington  had  a  serious  visitation 
of  the  disease  in  1832,  but  what  the  Society  did  as  a  society, 
in  that  epidemic,  does  not  appear. 

The  approach  of  the  epidemic  of  1865-6  induced  Dr. 
Toner,  November  22,  1865,  to  offer  the  following,  which 
was  adopted  : 

"  Whereas,  the  threatened  approach  of  cholera  from 
Europe,  and  its  probable  appearance  among  us  at  no  very 
remote  time,  is  likely  to  disturb  and  injuriously  excite  the 
public  mind  and  be  aggravated  by  members  of  the  pro- 
fession inconsiderately  giving  publicity  to  their  opinions 
through  the  newspapers  of  the  city ;  to  prevent  this  evil 
and  to  give  dignity  and  efficiency  to  the  skill  and  efforts  of 
the  profession,  Therefore^  be  it  resolved.,  That  the  Society 
disapprove  of  any  newspaper  publications  or  notices  what- 
ever upon  the  subject  of  cholera,  by  any  of  its  members, 
not  previously  authorized  by  this  body  ;  and  that  a  com- 
mittee upon  epidemics  be  appointed,  to  consist  of  the 
President  of  this  Society,  one  member  from  each  ward  and 
one  from  Georgetown,  to  take  into  consideration  the  sub- 
ject of  epidemics  and  their  probable  influence  upon  the 
community,  and  report  to  this  body  at  their  earliest  con- 
venience." 

It  does  not  appear  that  the  committee  made  any  report. 

November  29,  1865,  Drs.  Toner  and  Thos.  Miller  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  ascertain  from  Prof.  Henry,  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  whether  the  Society  might 
be  permitted  to  hold  a  monthly  meeting  at  the  Smith- 
sonian, and  see  there  and  examine  the  new^  books  on  med- 
icine and  the  collateral  sciences.  The  reply  was  favorable, 
and  December  6th  a  resolution  was  adopted  to  have  an 
informal  scientific  reunion  of  the  members  at  the  Smith- 
sonian on  the  first  Monday  evening  of  each  month. 


DISTRICT  OF  COL,UMBIA  67 

THE   PUBLICATION  OF   THE   TRANSACTIONS 
OF   THE   SOCIETY. 

Many  papers  read  before  the  Society  were  published  in 
the  ephemeral  medical  literature  of  the  early  part  of  the  last 
century.  The  question  of  publication  by  the  Society  itself 
was  early  discussed,  but  naturally  and  promptly  opposed 
on  the  ground  of  expense,  and  as  long  as  the  Society  was 
comparatively  small  in  number  of  members  the  objection 
was  serious.  Later,  when  the  membership  had  much  in- 
creased, the  force  of  the  objection  was  much  diminished. 

As  early  as  December  20,  1865,  Dr.  Toner,  in  an  address 
before  the  Society  on  the  history  of  the  medical  profession 
and  medical  associations  of  the  District,  expressed  regret 
that  up  to  that  time  no  full  record  had  been  kept  of  the 
transactions  of  the  Society  or  the  history  of  the  various 
epidemic  diseases  that  had  prevailed  in  the  District,  and 
suggested  that  thereafter  the  essays  read  before  the  Society, 
and  its  transactions,  be  published.  October  28,  1868,  he 
moved  that  a  very  interesting  case  just  reported  to  the 
Society  be  sent  to  some  journal  for  publication  ;  and  the 
report  was  published  in  the  Richmond  and  Louisville  Med- 
ical Journal.^ 

At  the  same  meeting  the  President  of  the  Society  (Dr. 
Thomas  Miller)  also  spoke  of  the  advantages  of  publishing 
the  discussions  in  some  medical  journal,  and  the  prospect 
of  some  such  proposal  being  entertained  at  no  very  distant 
day.  In  his  Presidential  address,  January  4,  1869,  he  for- 
mally recommended  publication,  and  two  days  afterwards 
the  subject  was  referred  to  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs. 
J.  H.  Thompson,  W.  P.  Johnston  and  Charles  Allen,  for 
consideration.  March  17th,  the  committee  reported  that  as 
far  as  practicable  a  full  report  should  be  kept  of  all  dis- 

•See  Vol.  VII,  1869,  page  367  ;  "  Ovariotomy,"  by  Dr.  J.  Harry  Thompson  ;  with  dis- 
cussion. 


68  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

cussions  upon  important  subjects  in  the  Society,  and  the 
Secretary  should  prepare  reports  for  publication  in  some 
good  medical  journal ;  that  a  committee  of  three,  called 
Committee  of  Publication^  of  which  the  Recording  Secre- 
tary should  be  one,  should  be  appointed  annually  by  the 
Chair,  to  which  all  essays  read  before  the  Society  should 
be  referred,  as  it  was  proposed  to  establish  in  the  District 
a  Quarterly  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  to  be  conducted 
by  a  corps  of  editors,  all  of  whom  should  be  members  of 
the  Society.  The  committee  recommended  that  the  trans- 
actions of  the  Society,  essays,  reports,  etc.,  should  be  for- 
warded to  the  said  journal  for  publication. 

The  chairman  of  the  committee  stated  that  the  proposed 
journal  would  have  four  departments — medicine,  surgery, 
obstetrics,  and  physiology  and  chemistry.  The  publishers 
had  agreed  to  furnish  a  quarterly  of  200  pages  on  tinted 
paper,  with  engravings  when  necessary,  and  bear  the  whole 
burden  of  expense  and  subscription  list.  The  Society 
voted  its  approval  of  this  scheme,  as,  indeed,  might  have 
been  expected,  since  the  expense  was  to  be  borne  by  an- 
other party. 

It  was  some  time  before  the  promised  journal  material 
ized.  The  jfirst  number  appeared  as  the  National  Medical 
Journal,  April,  1870.  Dr.  C.  C.  Cox  was  the  editor,  Judd 
&  Detweiler  the  publishers;  it  was  a  quarterly,  of  128 
pages.  The  Washington  collaborators  were  Drs.  S.  L. 
Loomis,  Noble  Young,  J.  Harry  Thompson,  S.  C.  Busey, 
F.  A.  Ashford,  T.  B.  Hood  and  J.  K.  Barnes,  Surgeon 
General,  U.  S.  Army.  There  were  many  other  collabora- 
tors, resident  in  New  York  and  elsewhere.  Perhaps  the 
venture  would  have  been  a  success  if  the  journal  had  not 
been  launched  on  the  stormy  sea  in  which  medical  Wash- 
ington rocked  at  that  time  and  for  some  time  thereafter. 
The  first  volume  ended  with  the  January  number,  1871, 


DISTRICT  OF  COI.UMBIA  69 

and  the  second  volume,  beginning  with  the  number  for 
May,  was  under  the  editorial  management  of  Drs.  S.  C. 
Busey  and  William  Lee,  and  was  published  monthly,  in- 
stead of  quarterly.  Publication  entirely  ceased  with  the 
February  number,  1872. 

Dr.  Cox  was  never  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society. 
None  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Society,  and  apparently 
none  of  the  papers  read  before  it,  appeared  in  the  first  vol- 
ume of  the  journal.  After  the  journal  had  passed  into  the 
editorial  hands  of  Drs.  Busey  and  Lee,  both  of  whom  were 
members  of  the  Society,  the  latter  took  action  toward  pub- 
lication. January  11,  1871,  the  Committee  on  Essays  was 
instructed  to  arrange  with  some  medical  journal  to  publish 
a  synopsis  of  the  papers  read  and  discussions  thereon  be- 
fore the  Society,  and,  February  8th,  the  committee  reported, 
recommending  that  a  copy  of  each  paper  read  before  the 
Society  be  filed  with  the  Committee  on  Essays,  to  be  placed 
in  the  archives  of  the  Society  ;  that  pathological  speci- 
mens should  be  accompanied  by  a  written  history,  to  go  to 
the  same  committee  ;  and  that  the  committee  should  make 
a  synopsis  of  such  papers  as  it  deemed  worthy  of  publica- 
tion, the  synopsis  and  debate  to  be  published.  February 
15th,  this  report  was  approved  by  the  Society. 

April  1 2th,  Drs.  Busey  and  Lee  offered  to  publish  the 
transactions  in  the  National  Medical  Journal^  and  the  So- 
ciety ordered  the  publication.  Much  of  the  transactions 
from  November,  1868,  to  December,  1870,  including  reports 
of  cases,  appeared  in  volume  II  of  that  journal. 

While  it  is  not  a  part  of  the  present  history  to  consider 
the  reason  for  the  change  in  editors  of  the  journal,  it  would 
be  interesting  to  those  who  recall  those  troublous  times, 
were  we  to  reprint  the  valedictory  of  Dr.  Cox  and  the 
salutatory  of  Drs.  Busey  and  Lee,  both  of  which  entirely 
failed    to    explain    the    reason    why.     The   valedictory  of 


•JO  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

Busey  and  Lee,  in  February,  1872,  is  a  six-line  paragraph 
which  states  that  the  publishers  insisted  on  publishing- 
matter  that  did  not  meet  the  approval  of  the  editors,  and 
therefore  they  had  withdrawn  from  the  editorship.  The 
publishers  admitted  this,  and  after  stating  that  they  had 
arranged  for  the  appearance  of  the  March  and  April  num- 
bers (which,  however,  never  did  appear),  charged,  and  no 
doubt  with  truth,  that  the  failure  of  the  journal  to  succeed 
was  largely  due  to  the  personal  opposition  to  Dr.  Cox. 
Thus  ended  the  first  medical  journal  published  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia. 

Nothing  definite  in  the  way  of  publication  was  now  at- 
tempted until  November,  1873,  when  Dr.  Busey  offered  a 
resolution,  which  was  adopted,  that  the  Committee  on  Es- 
says inquire  into  the  expediency  and  expense  of  publishing 
a  Bulletin  of  the  debates  of  the  Society,  and  report.  No- 
vember 19th,  this  committee  reported  that  in  its  opinion  it 
would  be  eminently  proper  and  expedient  for  the  Society 
to  publish  reports  of  its  proceedings ;  such  a  course  would 
enhance  the  usefulness  of  the  Society,  stimulate  its  mem- 
bers to  present  better  papers  and  essays,  and  tend  to  improve 
the  scientific  character  of  the  debates ;  and  recommended 
a  quarterly  publication  bearing  the  title,  "  Transactions  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia."  The 
cost  to  be,  pamphlet  form,  without  cover,  octavo,  48  lines 
solid  to  the  page,  24  pages  in  each  number,  and  500  copies, 
$50  per  quarter  ;  which  was  $200  per  year.* 

The  committee  consisted  of  Drs.  Benedict  Thompson, 
A.  F.  A.  King  and  Charles  E.  Hagner.  The  report  was 
adopted  and  the  committee  proceeded  with  the  work.  The 
first  quarter   began  April,   1874  ;    the  July,  October   and 

•This  was  a  high  price  as  compared  with  prices  uow.  The  Washington  Medical 
Annals  publishes  a  4S-line  page  octavo,  bitnonthlj'  journal.  500  copies,  uith  ccn'ers.  and 
distributes  it  through  the  mails  for  about  two-thirds  the  same  sum,  and  with  the 
advertising  receipts  deducted,  the  actual  cost  is  only  about  half  what  it  was  in  1874. 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  7 1 

January  numbers,  each  24  pages,  appeared  ;  the  four  num- 
bers constituted  the  first  volume,  and  brought  the  record 
up  to  October,  1874.  The  second  volume  began  with 
April,  1875  5  t^^  J^^^y  ^"d  October  numbers  appeared 
together,  and  the  January  number  ended  with  page  94. 
Volume  III  consisted  of  only  three  numbers,  April,  July 
and  December,  1876,  with  a  total  of  72  pages.  Volume 
IV  began  with  May  24,  1876,  and  consisted  of  numbers  for 
January,  April,  July  and  October,  1877,  with  a  total  of  94 
pages.  Then  came  volume  V,  with  three  numbers  and  a 
total  of  ']'^  pages,  ending  with  July,  1878.  The  fourth  vol- 
ume introduced  business  matters,  such  as  the  election  of 
new  members  and  resolutions  on  the  death  of  members. 
The  last  meeting  reported,  published  in  the  Transactions 
was  February  28,  1878. 

As  showing  Dr.  Busey's  position  on  the  question  of  pub- 
lication, it  may  be  added  that  in  the  discussion  December 
3,  1873,  <^^  t^^^  report  of  the  committee,  Dr.  Busey  said 
that  "a  journal  would  cost  $1,200  per  annum,  and  his  ex- 
perience had  shown  him  that  the  profession  here  was  not 
willing  to  raise  that  amount.  Moreover,  it  was  no  easy 
position  to  be  editor  of  a  journal,  even  if  the  editor  did  not 
write  a  single  line."  From  his  salutatory  while  editor  of 
the  National  Med.  Journal  we  read  that — 

"  The  profession  in  this  District  owes  it  to  itself  to  sus- 
tain a  journal  at  the  seat  of  government,  and  we  appeal 
directly  to  it  for  that  support  which  will  insure  success. 
Among  our  brethren  here  there  are  men  of  eminent  abili- 
ties and  of  extensive  experience,  yet,  comparatively,  they 
are  unknown  to  the  country,  a  circumstance  attributable 
to  the  absence  of  that  medium  of  communication  which 
we  propose  to  supply." 

In  his  Presidential  address,  December  18,  1895,  he  looked 
back  over  the  events  of  nearly  fifty  years  in  the  Society, 
and  said : 


72  MEUICAI,  SOCIETY 

"I  believe,  with  the  committee  of  1873,  that  a  society 
publication,  preferably  an  annual  volume  of  transactions, 
*  *  *  would  enhance  the  usefulness  of  the  Society, 
stimulate  its  members  to  present  better  papers  and  essays 
and  tend  to  improve  the  scientific  character  of  its  debates." 

April  I,  1874,  the  committee  reported  that  the  Bulletin 
had  been  sent,  not  only  to  the  members,  but  also  to  the 
American  medical  journals  and  to  each  medical  society  in 
the  United  States  that  published  its  own  transactions. 
May  13th,  the  Society  ordered  that  all  papers  and  records  of 
cases  presented  to  or  read  before  it  should  be  sent  to  the 
Committee  of  Publication,  and  that  members  should  not 
be  allowed  to  publish  elsewhere  until  after  twelve  months. 
This  radical  order  was  rescinded  January  6,  1875. 

September  i,  1875,  the  Society  ordered  that  members 
who  read  papers  should  give  a  synopsis  of  the  same  to  the 
Secretary,  to  be  recorded  on  the  minutes,  and  then  be 
available  for  publication  in  the  Transactions  in  case 
they  were  thought  desirable  by  the  Committee  on  Publi- 
cation. 

January  26,  1876,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  remodel 
the  whole  matter  of  publication  of  the  transactions ;  it 
consisted  of  Drs.  J.  Ford  Thompson,  W.  W.  Johnston,  W. 
H.  Ross,  R.  Reyburn  and  Kleinschmidt.  F'ebruary  2d,  the 
committee  reported  the  following  resolutions,  which  were 
adopted  by  the  Society : 

"  That  the  Transactions  be  published  quarterly,  as  here- 
tofore ;  that  the  publication  include  original  papers,  re- 
ports of  cases,  autopsies  or  pathological  specimens,  read 
before  the  Society,  and  such  parts  of  debates  as  would,  in 
the  judgment  of  the  committee,  if  published,  be  of  general 
interest  to  the  profession  at  large,  or  tend  to  promote  the 
advancement  of  medical  science ;  that  where  papers  were 
judged  worthy  by  the  committee,  but  were  found  to  exceed 
the  limits  authorized  by  the  Society,  they  might  be  pub- 


19 


DISTRICT  OF  COI,UMBIA  73 

lished,  provided  the  extra  expense  was  defrayed  by  the 
author ;  that  in  the  event  of  debates  or  papers  being  pro- 
longed or  diffuse,  discretionary  power  be  given  to  the  com- 
mittee to  procure  condensation  of  the  same,  either  by  the 
author  or  the  committee,  so  that  all  matters  of  value  and 
interest  might  be  included  and  space  might  be  economized  ; 
that  the  extra  numbers  should  be  disposed  of,  if  called  for, 
at  the  rate  20  cents  per  copy  ;  provided  that  50  copies  were 
retained  for  preservation  in  the  archives  of  the  Society  ; 
that  all  matter  submitted  to  the  Society,  likely  to  be  used 
for  publication,  should  be  written  on  foolscap  paper,  with 
ink,  and  only  on  one  side  of  the  paper." 

January  31,  1877,  the  Publication  Committee,  Drs.  Wm. 
Lee,  P.  J.  Murphy  and  Kleiuschmidt,  was  authorized  to 
commence  each  volume  of  the  Transactions  with  the  first 
month  of  the  year,  and,  therefore.  No.  3  of  Volume  III 
was  dated  December,  1876,  and  No.  i  of  Volume  IV,  Jan- 
uary, 1877 — the  numbers  of  Volume  V  to  be  issued  during 
January,  April,  July  and  October  of  1878.  Also  to  in- 
sert, in  addition  to  the  matter  published  by  resolution  of 
the  Society,  such  business  matter  as  might  be  of  general 
interest,  including  the  organization  and  objects  of  com- 
mittees, and  especially  resolutions  passed  and  remarks 
made  upon  the  deaths  of  members.  Also  to  charge  a  nom- 
inal price  of  $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers,  said  charge  not  to 
interfere,  in  any  way,  with  proper  exchanges,  and  its  ben- 
efits to  accrue  to  the  Society.  Also  to  receive  advertise- 
ments. 

February  21st,  authority  was  given  the  committee  to  pub- 
lish obituary  notices  and  admissions  of  members. 

April  nth  and  i8th,  there  was  severe  criticism  on  the 
work  of  the  committee;  more  especially  it  was  charged  that 
remarks  and  discussions  were  not  published  as  made.  This 
brought  up  the  whole  subject  of  publication.  Dr.  J.  Ford 
Thompson  opposed  further  publication,  except  that  inter- 


y4  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

esting  papers  might  be  published  once  a  year.  Dr.  W.  W. 
Johnston  favored  publication  because  it  had  improved  the 
tone  of  debate.  He  held  that  it  was  the  office  of  the 
committee  to  condense  debates,  correct  errors,  eliminate 
repetitions,  &c.  Many  debates  would  have  a  bad  appear- 
ance without  such  corrections.  Dr.  King  maintained  that 
the  Transactions  were  the  outgrowth  of  a  successful  society. 
Dr.  J.  E.  Morgan  opposed  publication.  Dr.  Borrows  favored 
it.  Dr.  Reyburn  favored  publication  ;  believed  that  the 
transactions  themselves  would  improve.  Dr.  Ashford 
favored  publication  ;  believed  that  it  had  already  improved 
debate.  Dr.  Prentiss  held  that  the  Society  owed  it  to  the 
profession  to  see  that  the  valuable  material  in  the  Pro- 
ceedings should  be  published.  Publication  gave  greater 
interest  to  the  meetings,  and  reached  members  who  were 
not  present  at  the  meetings.  He  thought  we  ought  to,  and 
some  time  would,  have  a  regular  medical  journal  in  the 
District.  The  Transactions^  in  the  natural  order  of  events, 
would  develop  into  such  a  journal.  The  Committee  of 
Publication  should  have  the  right  to  decline  to  publish 
anything  it  deemed  unsuitable. 

May  1 6th,  the  committee  made  a  report  to  the  Society, 
explaining  and  defending  some  things  that  had  been  criti- 
cised. It  had  been  compelled  to  issue  two  numbers  in 
haste.  The  committee  thought  that  if  the  publication 
was  to  take  rank  with  those  of  other  societies,  as  an  evi- 
dence of  work  done  and  an  active  interest  in  the  medical 
problems  of  the  day,  then  the  committee  should  be  author- 
ized to  select  for  publication  certain  limited  portions  of 
debates  bearing  directly  and  usefully  on  the  subject  under 
discussion. 

January  i6,  1878,  the  committee  that  audited  the  report 
of  the  Treasurer  showed  that  the  cost  of  publication  of  the 
Transactions  was  increasing,  and  in  the  debate  on  the  re- 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  75 

port  Dr.  King  stated  that  he  considered  the  Transactions 
worth  but  little,  because  the  material  was  not  calculated 
to  do  much  credit  to  the  Society.  He  was,  therefore,  in 
favor  of  abridging  the  publication.  Dr.  A.  Patze  (Libra- 
rian) believed  that  the  publication  was  gaining  favor 
abroad,  because  of  the  number  of  requests  for  it  received 
by  him.  At  this  point  Dr.  Toner  moved  to  suspend  the 
publication.  Dr.  Busey  showed  that  some  expenditures 
had  been  improperly  charged  to  the  Transactions  ;  that,  as 
a  matter  of  fact,  the  cost  had  not  really  increased.  He 
maintained  that  marked  improvement  had  taken  place  in 
both  the  debates  and  the  material  offered  to  the  Society. 
The  publication  had  systematized  debate,  and  statements 
therein  were  more  accurate.  The  whole  character  of  de- 
bate had  been  changed  during  the  last  few  years.  If  we 
stopped  publication  the  Society  would  retrogress.  The 
publication  should  continue  and  should  not  be  abridged. 
He  rather  favored  an  annual.  As  to  the  question  of  cost, 
the  delinquent  members  should  be  made  to  pay  up.  Dr. 
W.  H.  Triplett  said  that  to  suspend  publication  would 
show  poverty  of  both  money  and  brains.  The  publication 
was  educational  in  the  hig^hest  degree,  because  it  formu- 
lated  thought  and  was  the  life  and  growth  of  medicine  in 
the  District.  Dr.  Toner  thought  that  abroad  the  publica- 
tion was  not  considered  valuable. 

At  the  close  of  the  debate  the  Society  ordered  the  pub- 
lication continued,  and  appointed  a  committee  to  see  if 
advertisements  could  be  obtained  to  cut  down  expenses. 
Drs.  Busey,  Wm.  Lee,  P.  J.  Murphy,  Kleinschmidt  and 
W.  H.  Triplett  constituted  the  committee. 

February  20,  1878,  a  letter  was  written  by  Dr.  Landon 
B.  Edwards,  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Virginia  Medical 
Monthly^  proposing  to  publish  the  transactions  of  the  So- 
ciety monthly,  eight  or  nine  pages  a  month,  as  prepared  by 


^6  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

the  Secretary  or  Publishino^  Committee,  on  certain  condi- 
tions. The  letter  was  addressed  to  Dr.  J.  Ford  Thompson, 
and  was  referred  to  a  special  committee.  April  3d,  the 
committee  reported  against  the  feasibility  of  the  proposi- 
tion, and  the  Society  adopted  the  report. 

October  i6th,  the  Society  ordered  that  publication  be  sus- 
pended. October  23d,  a  letter  was  received  from  Dr.  Walter 
S.  Wells,  stating  that  he,  with  others,  proposed  to  inau- 
gurate a  monthly  medical  magazine  in  Washington,  with 
the  title  "National  Medical  Review,"  in  which  space  would 
be  given  for  reports  such  as  had  previously  been  published 
in  the  quarterly  Transactions.  The  Society  accepted  the 
offer.  November  20th,  Dr.  Busey  offered  a  series  of  resolu- 
tions, of  which  the  following  was  adopted  :  "  That  the 
resolution  authorizing  publication  in  the  National  Medical 
Review  be  rescinded."  The  other  resolution,  which  pro- 
vided for  continuing  the  publication  of  the  Tratisactions 
until  the  volume  should  be  completed,  failed  to  pass.  The 
discussion  was  participated  in  by  Drs.  Triplett,  E.  M. 
Schaeffer,  Kleinschmidt,  A.  F.  A.  King,  W.  W.  Johnston^ 
Reyburn,  Noble  Young,  F.  A.  Ashford  and  J.  Ford 
Thompson.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  ISIay  number  of  the 
Review  was  the  last  published.  July  7th,  Dr.  Wells  wrote 
a  letter  to  the  Society,  stating  that  although  the  journal 
had  been  sent  to  about  200  physicians,  only  30  had  paid 
subscription.  Some  portions  of  the  work  of  the  Society 
from  February,  1878,  to  April,  1879,  appeared  in  this 
journal. 

October  6,  1880,  there  came  an  offer  from  Dr.  Ralph 
Walsh,  a  member  of  the  Society,  to  publish  such  parts  of 
the  Society  transactions  as  he  might  judge  to  be  of  general 
interest,  and  the  Society  agreed  to  this.  His  journal  was 
a  quarterly — Retrospect  of  American  Medicine  and  Sur- 
gery— published  in  Washington.    Onlv  a  few  articles  from 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  77 

Washington,  however,  appeared  in  this  journal.  Dr. 
Walsh  himself  said  in  an  editorial  in  his  last  issue,  April, 
1882: 

"  Two  years  ago  we  were  asked  by  the  editor  of  the 
New  York  Medical  Journal  why  the  Washington  Medical 
Society  did  not  do  more  for  medical  literature.  *  *  *  At 
an  early  meeting  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  we  announced  that  in  order  to  give  the  profes- 
sion of  Washington  a  voice,  we  had  determined  to  depart 
from  the  original  plan  of  the  Retrospect  and  create  an  orig- 
inal department,  in  which  we  would  gratuitously  publish 
such  portions  of  the  Society's  proceedings  as  in  our  judg- 
ment would  be  of  general  interest.  To  our  great  surprise, 
the  proposition  met  with  little  favor  and  some  active  oppo- 
sition. *  *  *  After  debate,  we  were  permitted  to 
publish  papers,  provided  the  authors  did  not  wish  to  send 
them  to  other  journals,  no  part  of  the  discussions  being  al- 
lowed publication.  For  about  a  year  we  patiently  waited 
an  article,  but  nothing  came." 

January  17,  1883,  the  Society  received  a  letter  from  the 
Maryland  Medical  Jour^ial^  offering  to  publish  the  work 
of  the  Medical  Society  in  that  journal.  The  proposition 
was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Publication,  Drs.  D.  W. 
Prentiss,  A.  F.  A.  King  and  T.  E.  McArdle,  which  report- 
ed February  7th,  recommending  the  acceptance  of  the  offer. 
February  14th,  the  committee  made  a  further  report  and  the 
report  was  adopted,  that  the  material  to  be  published 
should  be  limited  to  original  theories,  or  synopses  of  papers 
containing  such  theories ;  original  modes  of  practice ; 
cases  testing  modes  of  practice  still  sub  judice  ;  cases,  cu- 
rious or  rare  ;  new  facts,  experiments  or  discoveries  apper- 
taining to  medicine  or  the  allied  sciences,  and  parts  of 
debates  judged  by  the  committee  to  be  of  general  interest 
to  the  profession  or  tending  to  promote  the  advancement 
of  medical  science  ;  the  publication  to  begin  with  January 


yS  MEDICAl,  SOCIETY 

I,  1883  ;  the  reports  to  be  read  to  the  Society  before  being- 
published  and  opportunity  given  to  members  to  revise  re- 
marks. The  Society  adopted  the  report  and,  May  9th, 
ordered  that  150  copies  of  the  printed  reports  should  be 
bought  quarterly. 

The  proceedings,  accordingly,  beginning  with  the  meeting 
January  17,  1883,  and  ending  with  June  17,  1885,  appeared 
in  the  Maryland  Medical  Journal^  in  volumes  IX  to  XIII, 
1882-1885.  At  first  only  the  scientific  work  was  printed  ; 
afterwards,  obituaries,  &c.  Some  papers  were  published 
in  full. 

April  8,  1885,  the  Publication  Committee  was  directed 
to  take  some  action  looking  toward  publishing  the  Trans- 
actions  in  some  metropolitan  journal  of  large  circulation. 
September  30th,  the  committee  reported  in  favor  of  the 
Journal  Aynerican  Medical  Association^  which  offered  to 
publish  a  judicious  report  about  every  two  weeks  and  pub- 
lish papers  of  merit  in  full  and  furnish  reprints  in  neat 
pamphlet  form  at  actual  cost.  The  Society  approved  the 
action  of  the  committee.  January  4,  1886,  the  committee 
reported  that  the  only  condition  of  publication  was  that 
the  material  should  be  presented  in  proper  form.  The 
committee  thought  that  the  wide  circulation  that  would  be 
given  the  reports  should  be  a  stimulus  to  the  members  to 
do  what  they  could  to  add  to  the  interest  of  the  proceedings. 
"  Some  papers  presented  showed  careful  preparation,  and 
were  promptly  printed  in  the  Jotirnal^  while  other  papers 
had  not  fulfilled  the  conditions." 

The  Journal  oj  the  American  Medical  Association  pub- 
lished the  proceedings,  printing  many  of  the  papers  in  full, 
beginning  with  the  meeting  December  9,  1885,  and  ending- 
with  December  18,  1889,  in  Vols.  VI  to  XV,  1886-1890, 
when  publication  of  the  proceedings  ceased. 

March  14,  1888,  Dr.  Lachlan  Tyler  suggested  that  the 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  79 

Society  was  in  a  position  to  have  its  transactions  published 
in  pamphlet  form  and  exchange  with  State  societies.  Dr. 
T.  C.  Smith,  however,  thought  that  such  publication 
would  cost  too  much,  and  the  transactions  were  already 
being  satisfactorily  published  in  the  Journal  American 
Medical  Association.  Dr.  Tyler  then  moved  that  the 
transactions  be  published  in  book  form,  and  the  Treasurer 
be  authorized  to  pay  for  the  same.  Dr.  A.  F.  A.  King 
offered  an  amendment,  that  the  Committee  on  Publication 
ascertain  the  cost  of  500  reprints.  Dr.  Tyler  accepted  the 
amendment.  Dr.  Franzoni  said  that  the  Society's  experi- 
ence in  publishing  its  transactions  had  been  expensive  and 
unsatisfactory ;  several  times  the  treasury  had  been  bank- 
rupt. Dr.  J.  F.  Hartigan  thought  that  with  $600  in  the 
treasury,  the  Society  was  able  to  publish.  The  motion, 
however,  was  laid  on  the  table. 

June  6th,  Dr.  J.  B.  Hamilton  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that  the  publication  in  \.\\^  Journal  American  Medical  As- 
sociation was  far  behind,  and  wished  the  Committee  on 
Publication  to  ask  the  editor  to  publish,  as  formerly,  every 
two  weeks.  Dr.  Busey  replied  that  the  journal  was 
crowded,  and  was  doing  the  best  it  could. 

September  17,  1890,  the  Society  requested  the  Commit- 
tee on  Publication  to  consider  the  propriety  of  publishing 
the  transactions  of  the  Society  in  some  other  journal  than 
that  of  the  American  Medical  Association.  Dr.  A.  F.  A. 
King  was  added  temporarily  to  the  committee.  Septem- 
ber 24th,  the  committee  reported  that  the  proposed  change 
was  not  advisable. 

November  19th,  the  Committee  on  Publication  was  in- 
structed to  take  the  best  method  for  placing  a  paper  read 
by  Dr.  D.  S.  Lamb  on  "  School  Hygiene"  in  the  hands  of 
the  educationalists  of  the  District.  At  the  next  meeting, 
however,  November  26th,  this  action  was  rescinded. 


8o  MEDICAL,  SOCIETY 

April  6,  1892,  the  Society  recommended  that  authors 
and  essayists  give  their  papers,  or  abstracts  of  the  same, 
presented  to  the  Society,  to  the  National  Medical  Review 
for  publication  ;  and  also  ordered  that  the  discussions  on 
papers,  etc.,  should  also  be  given  to  the  same  journal.  The 
Review  began  publication  in  March,  1892,  under  the  edi- 
torship of  Dr.  Charles  H.  Stowell,  a  member  of  the  Soci- 
ety. It  was  a  monthly,  16  pages,  double  column.  Much 
of  the  work  of  the  Society  was  published  in  it,  the  dis- 
cussions beginning  with  the  November  number,  1892. 
Volume  V,  1896,  contained  only  three  numbers,  a  new 
arrangement  of  volumes  being  made  ;  Vol.  VI  began  with 
the  June  number,  1896,  and  the  monthly  pages  were  in- 
creased to  24.  In  October,  1897,  Drs.  George  W.  Johns- 
ton and  T.  E.  McArdle  became  the  owners  and  managers, 
in  place  of  Stowell,  and  issued  the  November  number. 
The  journal  was  discontinued  in  1901,  the  last  number 
published  being  No.  i.  Vol.  XI,  for  June;  the  May  num- 
ber completing  the  Society  transactions  for  1900. 

October  10,  1894,  the  editor  of  the  Virginia  Medical 
Monthly  offered  to  publish  the  proceedings  of  the  Society ; 
and  the  editor  of  the  Maryland  Medical  Journal  had  also 
the  matter  under  consideration.  The  Society  referred  the 
subject  to  the  Committee  on  Publication,  which  reported 
October  31st,  recommending  that  the  privilege  of  publica- 
tion be  continued  to  the  National  Medical  Review^  in 
consideration  of  Dr.  StowelPs  agreement  to  print  promptly 
all  discussions  and  abstracts  of  papers  presented,  when 
such  abstracts  were  furnished  by  the  authors.  The  Society 
adopted  the  report. 

December  18,  1895,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  con- 
sider the  advisability  of  publishing  the  transactions  in  some 
permanent  form.  Drs.  W.  W.  Johnston,  Kleinschmidt, 
S.  S.  Adams,  J.  H.  Bryan  and  C.  H.  Stowell  were  the 
committee. 


WM.  HERBERT   COMBS 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  8 1 

The  committee  reported  January  8,  1896,  recommend- 
ing an  annual  volume  of  transactions,  to  be  published  about 
October  ist,  and  to  include  the  Society  work  from  the  pre- 
ceding October  ist  to  June  30th.  There  should  be  a  title 
page,  table  of  contents,  list  of  officers  and  members,  a  con- 
densed statement  of  matters  of  interest  discussed  and  acted 
on  during  the  year,  appertaining  to  legislation,  public 
health,  &c.  ;  papers,  essays  and  discussions  ;  and  reports  of 
pathological  specimens.  The  editing  to  be  done  by  a  com- 
mittee appointed  by  the  President ;  this  committee  to  have 
full  power  to  decide  on  the  material  for  publication,  and 
exclude  what  was  not  thought  worthy  of  preservation.  In 
case  of  disagreement  in  the  committee  the  President  should 
be  the  referee. 

Readers  of  papers  should  furnish  typewritten  copies 
for  the  use  of  the  committee,  but  might  publish  their  pa- 
pers elsewhere,  with  the  statement  that  they  had  been  read 
before  the  Society.  It  was  recommended  to  publish  500 
copies  at  an  annual  cost  of  $800,  with  paper  covers ;  each 
member  and  member  by  invitation  to  receive  a  copy.  The 
cost  per  page  to  be  from  $1.25  to  $1.50  ;  the  volume  not  to 
exceed  500  pages.  Illustrations,  plates,  prints  in  colors  or 
charts,  at  cost  of  author  of  paper.  After  supplying  the 
members,  the  remaining  copies  to  go  to  public  medical 
libraries,  societies  that  publish  their  transactions  and  hon- 
orary members. 

February  12th,  after  discussion,  the  report  was  laid  on 
the  table.  February  19th,  the  Committee  on  Publication 
was  instructed  to  correspond  with  \\iQ.  Journal  of  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Associatioji^  the  Virginia  Medical  Monthly^ 
the  New  York  Medical  Journal^  and  such  other  medical 
journals  as  the  committee  might  select,  to  ascertain  the 
conditions  on  which  said  journals  would  publish  the  trans- 
actions of  the  Society  and  furnish  500  reprints  without 
covers,  paged  in  numerical  order,  with  title  page  and  index, 
the  index  to  be  prepared  by  a  committee  of  the  Society. 
March  i8th,  the  Committee  on  Publication  made  a  report, 
6 


82  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

and  April  ist  the  report  was  discussed.  The  Society  or- 
dered that  the  transactions  be  published,  and  referred  the 
subject  to  a  special  committee  with  instructions  to  pre- 
sent a  method  of  publication.  April  2 2d,  the  Society 
accepted  the  offer  of  the  National  Medical  Review ;  a 
special  assessment  of  one  dollar  per  member  was  levied  to 
pay  for  the  journal,  and  an  Editing  Committee  appointed 
with  discretionary  powers  as  to  publication  of  papers  and 
discussions ;  Drs.  W.  W.  Johnston,  G.  M.  Kober  and  J.  D. 
Morgan  were  the  committee.* 

As  a  separate  publication,  but  still  a  reprint  from  the 
National  Medical  Review^  the  Transactions  of  the  Society 
from  March  to  December,  1896,  appeared  as  Vol.  I,  the 
paging  being  changed.  The  four  succeeding  volumes  in- 
cluded, each,  the  Society  work  of  the  corresponding  calen- 
dar year ;  the  last  was  for  the  year  1900. 

March  16,  1898,  the  Editing  Committee  reported  that 
the  contract  for  publication  made  with  the  Review  would 
soon  expire ;  that  the  managers  of  the  journal  had  lost 
heavily ;  the  cost  of  publishing  the  transactions  of  the  So- 
ciety was  more  than  twice  the  sum  the  Society  paid  them 
for  the  work.  They  offered  for  $400  to  continue  publica- 
tion and  furnish  50  bound  volumes  of  transactions,  as  be- 
fore.    The  Society  agreed  to  this  proposition,  f 

February  21,  1900,  the  Society  requested  the  Editing 
Committee  to  report  on  the  advisability  of  continuing  the 
publication  of  the  Transactions.  The  committee  reported 
March  2ist,;{:  and  the  Society  ordered  the  publication  con- 
tinued in  the  same  form,  with  the  addition  of  the  bound 
volumes. 

April    17,    1901,    the  Editing    Committee    again  made 

•For  Mixs  oRcT se:e  National  Medical  Review ;  also  Transactions oi Sioci^ty ,  1896, 1,  p.  1. 
t  See  Transactions,  III,  for  1898,  p.  69 ;  also  Review,  1898-9,  VIII.  p,  187. 
X  See  Transactions,  V.  1900,  p.  61. 


DISTRICT  OF  COI.UMBIA  83 

report,*  and  on  its  recommendation,  the  Society  work  for 
1 901  was  published  as  Vol.  VI  of  the  Transactions. 

The  Presidential  address  of  Dr.  D.  S.  L/amb,  December 
18,  1901,  recommended  that  the  Society  publish  its  own 
journal.  An  editorial  committee,  Drs.  D.  S.  Lamb,  W.  A. 
Wells  and  V.  B.  Jackson,  was  appointed  to  report  on  this 
proposition.  The  committee  reported  February  12,  1902, 
recommending  the  publication.  The  report  was  referred 
to  the  Executive  Committee,  which  reported  February 
19th,  recommending-  the  publication,  and  the  Society  ap- 
proved the  recommendation. t  The  Editing  Committee 
was  authorized  to  proceed  with  the  publication,  keeping 
the  expense  within  $600  for  the  year,  and  was  also  author- 
ized to  insert  advertisements  and  solicit  subscriptions. 

February  18,  1903,  the  Editing  Committee  reported  the 
results  of  the  first  year  of  publication  ;|  and  February  17, 
1904,  the  results  of  its  second  year.§  April  20th,  some  of 
the  phases  of  publication  were  discussed  by  the  Society,  1| 
and  May  4th,  the  Editing  Committee  made  a  report,  which 
was  adopted,!  limiting  the  length  of  papers  to  ten  pages, 
unless  the  authors  would  pay  for  the  additional  pages. 
October  19th,  the  committee  reported  that  it  had  secured 
second-class  rates  at  the  post  office. 

The  Washington  Medical  Annals  is  the  property 
and  official  organ  of  the  Society  ;  is  a  bimonthly,  varying 
more  or  less  in  the  number  of  pages  of  each  issue,  but 
making  a  total  of  between  400  and  600  pages  yearly. 
Each  issue  comprises  the  papers  read  and  specimens  pre- 
sented before  the  Society  and  discussions  thereon ;  a 
brief  statement  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Society  ;  the  edi- 
torial matter ;  and  a  medical  miscellany,  consisting  of  re- 

*  See  Transactions,  VI,  1901,  p.  137.  §  Annals,  1904-5,  III,  p.  132. 

t  See  Annals,  I,  1902,  pp.  79,  146.  II  Annals,  p.  241. 

X  See  Annals,  1903,  II,  p.  139.  U  Annals,  p,  278. 


MEDICAL  SOCIETY 


ports  of  proceedings  of  other  societies,  of  various  medical 
institutions  in  Washington,  of  the  Health  Office  of  the 
District,  etc. 

Successive  reports  of  the  Editorial  Committee  have  ap- 
peared in  the  Annals.  The  report  January  i,  1908,  for 
the  year  ending  with  the  January  number,  shows  a  net 
cost  of  $1.13  per  page,  which  covered  all  expenses  incident 
to  the  publication.  Since  the  publication  began  in  1902, 
the  membership  of  the  Society  has  increased  from  285  to 
429,  about  50  per  cent. 

THE   MEDICAL   HALL. 

It  had  long  been  in  the  minds  of  the  members  of  the 
Society  to  have  a  building  of  its  own.  In  course  of  time 
the  members  tired  of  going  from  one  place  of  meeting  to 
another.  Apparently  the  first  distinct  movement  toward 
such  a  building  was  made  in  the  address  of  Dr.  Toner, 
December  20,  1865.  He  wanted  a  medical  library  and 
museum  for  the  use  of  the  Society,  and  also  a  building  in 
which  the  archives  and  other  property  of  the  Society  might 
be  permanently  kept  and  meetings  be  held.  He  proposed 
a  plan  to  raise  $12,000  for  the  purpose.  Drs.  Liebermann, 
H.  Lindsly,  Toner  and  G.  Tyler  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  consider  the  question. 

Nothing,  however,  was  definitely  done  until  nearly  a 
year  afterward,  November  7,  1866,  when  Dr.  W.  P.  John- 
ston submitted  a  plan  for  raising  funds  to  buy  a  lot  and 
erect  a  suitable  building.  The  following  resolution  was 
adopted  : 

'■'■Resolved^  That  a  joint  stock  company  be  formed,  com- 
posed only  of  members  of  the  Society,  with  authority  to 
raise  by  stock  subscriptions  a  sum  not  less  than  $50,000 
nor  more  than  $75,000,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting,  under 


DISTRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA  85 

the  auspices  of  the  Medical  Society,  a  commodious  and 
fireproof  building  to  be  styled  '  The  Medical  Hall  of  the 
District  of  Columbia.'  " 

At  the  same  meeting,  Dr.  Toner,  of  the  committee  pre- 
viously appointed,  reported  another  plan  for  raising  funds, 
by  subscription  and  the  issue  of  shares  or  scrip.  His  report 
was  received  and  the  committee  discharged.  November 
14th,  the  committee  provided  for  in  Dr.  Johnston's  resolu- 
tion was  appointed  :  Drs.  D.  R.  Hagner,  from  the  first 
ward  ;  W.  P.  Johnston,  from  the  second  ;  J.  Ford  Thomp- 
son, from  the  third  ;  Harvey  Lindsly,  from  the  fourth  ;  C. 
M.  Ford,  from  the  fifth  ;  S.  A.  H.  McKim,  from  the  sixth  ; 
J.  E.  Morgan,  from  the  seventh  ;  Grafton  Tyler  and  Louis 
Mackall,  from  Georgetown  ;  and  C.  H.  Nichols,  from  the 
Count3^ 

Promptly,  November  2ist,  Dr.  Johnston  reported  that 
$16,000  had  already  been  subscribed  by  sixteen  members, 
and  December  5th,  that  the  subscriptions  amounted  to 
$33,900.  It  was  now  desirable  to  have  a  legal  opinion  as 
to  the  purchase  and  holding  of  property  by  the  subscribers, 
and  Joseph  H.  Bradley,  Esq.,  an  eminent  member  of  the 
Washington  bar,  was  consulted.  January  22,  1867,  he 
gave  a  favorable  opinion,  and  January  30th,  a  committee 
was  appointed,  consisting  of  the  President,  Dr.  Lieber- 
mann,  with  Drs.  Johnston,  Joshua  Riley,  F.  Howard  and 
W.  G.  H.  Newman,  to  which,  February  6th,  Dr.  J.  C.  Hall 
was  added,  to  buy  a  lot  for  the  proposed  building ;  they 
were  to  raise  the  funds  by  getting  subscriptions,  to  be 
credited  to  the  subscribers  in  stock,  and  propose  plans  for 
the  building  and  make  report  to  the  Society  ;  and,  finally, 
to  report  proper  regulations  for  the  purchase  and  holding 
of  stock,  and  other  matters  pertaining  to  the  project. 

February  13th,  Dr.  Johnston   reported   that  a   lot   had 


86  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

been  bought  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Tenth  and  F 
Streets,  N.  W.  ;  75  feet  on  F  Street  and  74  feet  on  Tenth, 
for  $25,000,  $2,000  to  be  paid  in  cash,  $10,000  in  six 
months,  and  the  remainder  at  stated  periods  to  be  deter- 
mined. To  help  matters  along,  the  Society,  February  27th, 
transferred  from  its  treasury  $500  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
"  Medical  Hall." 

May  ist,  the  President  of  the  Society  was  authorized  to 
deliver  to  the  Trustees  of  St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum,  to 
which  the  property  belonged,  the  necessary  promissory 
notes,  secured  by  deed  of  trust  thereon,  "  purchased  by  the 
Society."  June  19th,  Dr.  Riley  resigned  from  the  com- 
mittee, and  Dr.  L.  Mackall  was  appointed.  The  building 
already  on  the  lot  was  rented  at  $100  a  month,  and  the 
money  was  invested  in  six  per  cent,  stock.  July  24th,  the 
Society  ordered  $300  more  to  be  transferred  to  the  Treas- 
urer of  the  Medical  Hall.  August  21st,  Dr.  Hall  resigned 
from  the  committee,  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Toner. 
September  i8th,  the  President  was  authorized  to  execute 
the  necessary  deed  of  trust  to  Messrs.  A.  Thomas  Bradley 
and  J.  H.  Bradley,  Jr.,  to  secure  the  payment  of  the  scrip 
that  had  been  issued  in  accordance  with  the  action  of  the 
Society  of  January  30th. 

October  2d,  9th  and  23d,  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
organize  a  course  of  lectures,  to  be  delivered  during  the 
winter  months,  to  help  raise  funds  for  the  hall.  The  com- 
mittee, however,  failed  to  meet,  and  was  discharged  No- 
vember 13th. 

January  22,  1868,  the  Treasurer  of  the  Hall  Committee 
reported  that  up  to  January  ist,  subscriptions  had  been 
received  amounting  to  $3,286,  rents  to  $760,  and  from  the 
Medical  Society,  $800  ;  total,  $4,846,  and  he  had  given  his 
bond  for  $5,000.  There  had  been  paid  :  for  the  purchase 
of  the  property,  $3,200  ;  interest  on  deferred  notes,  $788.91  ; 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  87 

tax,  $109.57  ;  ^^^  stock  bearing  over  6  per  cent,  interest, 
$570 ;  fees  to  notary,  and  stamps  and  recording  deeds, 
$96.75;  stationery,  $40.28,  and  printing,  $12;  total, 
$4,826.76.  The  stock  that  had  been  bought  was  intended 
to  meet  any  current  demand  that  might  be  caused  by  the 
death  or  departure  from  the  city  of  any  subscriber.  Feb- 
ruary 26th,  $100  more  was  appropriated  by  the  Society. 

July  8th,  the  Hall  Committee  was  authorized  to  erect  a 
three-story  building,  and  borrow  the  required  amount,  not 
exceeding  $6,000,  and  pay  the  same  with  interest  from  the 
rents  accruing  from  the  building  to  be  erected  ;  the  build- 
ing to  be  insured  as  it  progressed  ;  $300  more  was  trans- 
ferred from  the  Society  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Hall. 
August  20th,  ground  was  broken  for  the  building. 

January  6,  1869,  the  building  being  nearly  completed, 
it  was  ordered  that  Dr.  Johnston  inaugurate  the  new  hall 
by  an  address,  and  the  medical  profession  of  the  District, 
with  ladies,  be  invited  to  be  present.  January  20th,  it  was 
ordered  that  thereafter  the  officers  of  the  Society  should 
occupy  seats  on  the  platform  ;  also  that  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Society  should  pay  the  current  expenses  on  the  prop- 
erty, including  insurance,  taxes,  the  purchase  of  furniture, 
fixtures,  alterations,  repairs  and  incidental  expenses ;  and 
that  $150  be  transferred  to  the  Hall  Committee,  making 
$1,350  in  all  so  transferred. 

January  29th,  the  hall  was  inaugurated.  Prayer  was 
offered  by  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  Pinckney.  Address  by  Dr.  W.  P. 
Johnston.  The  key  of  the  building  was  given  by  Dr. 
Johnston  to  President  Thomas  Miller,  who  in  turn  gave  it 
to  Librarian  Toner,  who  then  also  made  an  address.  Ad- 
dresses were  also  made  by  Drs.  Liebermann,  Tyler  and 
A.  F.  A.  King.  The  benedicj^on  was  pronounced  by  Rev. 
Dr.  G.  W.  Samson. 

June  1 6th,  Dr.  Johnston  stated  to  the  Society  that  Mr. 


88  MEDICAI,  SOCIETY 

A.  T.  Bradley,  the  attorney,  had  given  an  opinion  that  it 
would  be  necessary  for  each  member  of  the  Society  to  hold 
at  least  one  share  of  stock  in  the  Medical  Hall.  This  was 
an  unexpected  complication. 

The  acoustic  qualities  of  the  hall  were  not  the  best,  and 
November  3d,  the  Committee  on  Building  was  instructed  to 
consult  a  "scientific"  architect  about  the  matter.  Another 
more  serious  trouble,  however,  was  now  at  hand.  It  had 
become  evident  that  the  Society  was  unable  to  raise  the 
balance  of  funds  necessary  to  complete  the  payments,  and 
therefore  could  not  hold  the  property.  December  15th, 
the  Society  ordered  that  all  its  right,  title  and  interest  in 
the  building  should  be  transferred  to  three  trustees  for  the 
benefit  of  the  stockholders  ;  the  money  interests  of  the  So- 
ciety and  stockholders,  respectively,  to  be  ascertained  by 
two  members  of  the  Society,  one  to  report  to  the  Society 
and  the  other  to  the  stockholders,  with  power  to  select  an 
arbitrator  if  the  two  were  unable  to  agree.  Dr.  Antisell 
was  appointed  to  represent  the  Society. 

February  2,  1870,  Dr.  Liebermann,  acting  for  the  Soci- 
ety, presented  the  stockholders'  bond  in  regard  to  the 
property,  which  was  transferred,  not  to  trustees,  as  had 
been  proposed,  but  directly  to  the  stockholders  by  their 
request.  April  13,  1871,  the  Society  was  informed  that  all 
matters  between  it  and  the  stockholders  had  been  adjusted ; 
and  thus  ended  the  first  effort  to  secure  a  "  Medical  Hall." 

ANOTHER    MEDICAL    BUILDING. 

In  his  Presidential  address  of  December,  1893,  Dr.  G. 
Wythe  Cook  recommended  a  medical  building.  March  7, 
1894,  he  called  the  attention  of  the  Society  again  to  the 
matter,  and  a  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Drs. 
Cook,  Busey  and  J.  D.  Morgan,  to  consider  it.     The  com- 


23 


24 


DI.STRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA  89 

mittee  reported  April  4th,  recommending  that  some  plan 
of  organized  and  concerted  effort  be  effected  by  which 
^30,000  or  more  could  be  raised  or  secured,  to  be  held  as  a 
trust  fund  to  be  used  only  for  procuring  a  permanent  home 
and  place  of  meeting. 

The  committee  advised  a  joint  stock  company  with  a 
capital  of  $30,000,  with  2,000  shares  at  $15.00  a  share, 
payable  in  ten  years,  in  annual  installments  of  not  less  than 
$1.50,  or  in  whole  or  in  part  at  any  period  of  the  ten  years, 
at  the  option  of  the  holder,  said  shares  to  be  issued  only 
to  members  of  the  Society  and  such  other  persons  as  might 
be  approved  by  a  Committee  of  Finance  to  be  appointed 
by  the  Society,  and  to  bear  interest,  when  paid  in  full,  at 
the  rate  of  two  per  cent,  per  annum.  The  shares  to  be 
irredeemable,  except  at  the  option  of  the  Society,  and  not 
transferable,  except  with  the  consent  of  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee, and  sold  only  after  the  Society  relinquished  its 
option  to  purchase  at  their  market  value.  In  the  event  of 
the  death  of  a  holder  of  such  shares,  the  Society  would 
retain  the  option  of  purchase  at  such  value  as  might  be 
agreed  upon,  or  otherwise  the  estate  might  dispose  of  them 
at  its  will  and  pleasure.  Failure  to  pay  the  annual  instal- 
ment on  each  share,  or  to  pay  in  full  the  par  value  in  ten 
years  from  date  of  issue,  should  forfeit  the  said  shares  to 
the  Society. 

All  shares  purchased  by  the  Society,  or  forfeited  to  it 
by  delinquent  holders,  should  be  held  by  the  Society  on 
the  same  terms  and  conditions  as  applied  to  other  shares, 
until  such  time  as  it  might  choose  to  cancel  such  stock, 
provided  such  cancellation  was  not  prior  to  the  accumula- 
tion of  $30,000. 

The  duty  of  carrying  into  operation  and  the  manage- 
ment of  the  project  should  devolve  on  a  committee  of 
finance,  to  consist  of  five  members  of  the  Society  ;  the  com- 
mittee should  not  be  subject  to  change  except  by  death  or 
resignation.  Vacancies  to  be  filled  by  the  Society  in  such 
manner  as  it  might  determine. 


90  MEDICAL,  SOCIETY 

The  report  was  ordered  to  be  printed  and  distributed  to 
members,  April  25th  it  was  adopted,  and  it  was  ordered 
that  an  attorney  be  employed  to  pass  upon  the  legality  of 
the  project.  A  Finance  Committee  was  appointed,  May 
2d— Drs.  Busey,  G.  Wythe  Cook,  J.  D.  Morgan,  W.  W. 
Johnston  and  T.  N.  McLaughlin,  October  31st,  the  com- 
mittee reported  that  it  had  consulted  W.  E.  Edmonston,  of 
the  Columbia  Title  Insurance  Company,  who  had  given  an 
opinion  that  the  Society  could  not  legally  carry  out  the 
project.  The  committee  therefore  asked  authority  to  pre- 
pare a  plan  for  voluntary  contributions,  and  to  ask  Mr. 
Edmonston  to  draft  a  bill  to  be  presented  to  Congress, 
giving  the  Society  authority  to  raise  funds.  The  report 
was  adopted  and  authority  given. 

February  6,  1895,  the  Society  recommended  the  efforts 
of  the  Building  Committee.  March  6th,  however,  the 
committee  reported  that  the  contributions  to  the  building 
fund  were  wholly  inadequate  for  the  establishment  of  such 
a  fund,  and  asked  to  be  discharged.  The  record  does  not 
show  what  action,  if  any,  was  taken,  but  the  matter  was 
dropped. 

PRIZE   ESSAYS. 

The  first  mention  of  a  prize  essay  in  which  the  Society 
took  part  was  July  5,  1865,  when  Dr.  Harvey  Lindsly  of- 
fered to  give  annually  a  prize  for  the  best  essay  on  some 
medical  subject,  the  title  to  be  selected  by  the  Society, 
Drs.  Antisell,  Toner  and  Lovejoy  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  see  that  essays  were  duly  prepared  for  the  con- 
sideration of  the  Society.  December  6th,  the  committee 
reported,  announcing  a  prize  of  $50  for  the  best  essay  on 
"  Typho-malarial  fever  in  the  District  and  in  the  adjoining 
counties  of  Maryland  and  Virginia  during  the  previous  ten 
years."     The  essays  were  to  be  sent  in  by  June  i,  1866, 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  9 1 

and  the  award  to  be  made  in  July.  January  17,  1866,  a 
committee  was  appointed  to  carry  out  the  wishes  of  the 
Society  in  regard  to  the  award  and,  January  31st,  the  time 
was  extended  until  October  ist.  Time  passed  on  until 
May,  1867,  when  Dr.  Antisell  reported  that  no  essay  had 
been  received.     Thus  ended  the  first  offer  of  a  prize. 

In  his  Presidential  address,  December  19,  1900,  Dr.  G. 
N.  Acker  recommended  that  a  prize  be  offered  yearly  on 
some  subject.  The  recommendation  was  referred  to  a  com- 
mittee consisting  of  Drs.  A.  F.  A.  King,  T.  N.  McLaughlin 
and  S.  S.  Adams.  The  matter  went  later  to  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  which  made  a  favorable  report,  February 
19,  1902.  The  report  was  adopted,  and  a  printed  circular 
of  information  was  issued.*  A  number  of  essays  were  re- 
ceived and  December  17th,  following,  the  award  was  made. 

The  prize,  $250,  by  private  subscription,  was  given  to 
Dr.  F.  P.  Vale  ;  his  subject  was  "  Concerning  Shock,  with 
a  contribution  to  Pathology."  Honorable  mention  was 
also  made  of  the  essay  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Nichols,  on  "A  study  of 
acute  leukemia  and  the  etiology  of  leukemia."  The 
judges  were  Drs.  R.  A.  Marmion,  U.  S.  Navy,  W.  C.  Bor- 
den, U.  S.  Army,  and  H.  D.  Geddings,  of  the  Public  Health 
and  Marine  Hospital  Service.  The  fund  was  raised  mainly 
through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  S.  S.  Adams ;  25  members  gave 
each  $io.oo.t 

THE    PHARMACISTS    OF    THE    DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 

The  old  grievance  of  physicians  against  druggists  pre- 
scribing over  the  counter  found  its  expression  March  29, 
1865,  when  the  Society  appointed  a  committee,  consisting 

*  See  Minutes,  pp.  61,  155,  and  Wash.  Med.  Anxals,  1902,  I,  p.  145. 

t  The  subscriber.s  were  Dr.s.  G.  N.  Acker,  S.  S.  Adams,  E.  A.  Balloch,  J.  H.  Bryan,  G. 
Wythe  Cook,  I^.  I,.  P'riedrich,  Franck  Hyatt,  H.  h-  E.  Johnson,  J.  Taber  Johnson,  W.  W. 
Johnston,  A.  F.  A.  King,  G.  M.  Kober,  T.  N.  McLaughlin,  J.  D.  Morgan,  W.G.  Morgan, 
T.  M.  Murray,  C.  W.  Richardson,  S.  O.  Richey,  T.  C.  Smith,  Z.  T.  Sowers,  W.  M.  Sprigg, 
1.  S.  Stone,  W.  H.  Wilmer,  J.  T.  Winter,  W.  C.  Woodward. 


92  MEDICAI,  SOCIETY 

of  Drs.  F.  Howard,  Joshua  Riley,  Johnson  Eliot,  J.  E. 
Morgan  and  S.  A.  H.  McKim,  to  report  some  proper  means 
of  preventing  druggists  from  prescribing  and  practicing 
medicine.     Apparently  the  committee  never  reported. 

April  7,  1875,  ^  letter  was  read  from  the  National  Col- 
lege of  Pharmacy,  inviting  the  cooperation  of  the  Medical 
Society  in  a  revision  of  certain  formulae  for  so-called  ele- 
gant preparations.  The  Society  appointed  a  committee 
consisting  of  Drs.  J.  W.  H.  Lovejoy,  Kleinschmidt,  C.  W. 
Franzoni,  J.  C.  Riley  and  J.  E.  Morgan.  The  committee 
reported,  April  14th,  that  it  had  met  the  Pharmacy  Com- 
mittee and  the  latter  had  submitted  the  following  as  the 
object  of  the  conference  : 

"  First.  To  secure  with  comparative  certainty  the  fur- 
nishing to  the  patient  of  such  medicines  and  in  such  doses 
as  the  physician  wished  to  administer. 

"  Second.  To  secure  uniformity  in  the  vehicles  employed 
in  the  administration  of  such  medicines,  and  thus  obviate 
the  confusion  which  must  arise  so  long  as  the  preparations 
from  different  manufacturers  are  dispensed  under  similar 
names,  and  even  those  from  one  source  often  differ  mate- 
rially in  color,  taste,  &c. 

"  Third.  To  do  away  with  the  necessity  of  taxing  the 
public  to  the  extent  of  a  heavy  profit  for  the  manufacturers 
in  addition  to  our  own. 

"  Fourth.  To  recognize  the  fact  that  the  compounding 
of  medicines  is  the  province  of  the  apothecary  ;  that  by 
forcing  him  to  sell  the  preparations  of  third  parties,  for  the 
correctness  of  which  he  has  to  assume  the  responsibility 
without  having  control  over  them,  thus  reducing  it  to  a 
mere  matter  of  buying  and  selling,  and  incompetent  parties 
are  induced  to  engage  in  the  same. 

"  We  therefore  propose  to  establish  formulae  for  such  of 
the  elixirs,  etc.,  as  it  may  be  desirable  to  retain,  and  a  gen- 
eral formula  for  a  simple  elixir,  to  answer  as  a  vehicle  for 
most  of  the  soluble  salts. 

"  For  this  end  we  would  ask  your  cooperation  in  select- 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  93 

ing  and  determining  such  formulae  and  in  using  your  best 
endeavors  to  bring  about,  as  much  as  possible,  a  discon- 
tinuance of  the  use  of  the  promiscuous  preparations  now 
offered  by  divers  manufacturers." 

After  a  full  and  free  discussion,  the  following  resolution 
was  offered,  and  unanimously  adopted  : 

"  Resolved^  That  the  respective  committees  report  to 
their  societies  that  the  joint  committee  has  agreed  to 
recommend  the  establishment  of  uniform  formulae  for  elix- 
irs, etc.,  for  use  by  the  profession  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, and  the  appointment  of  a  joint  committee  to  carry  out 
this  object." 

April  27th,  the  Society  reappointed  the  same  committee 
as  a  part  of  the  joint  committee  agreed  upon,  October  20, 
1877,  the  committee  from  the  Society  reported  that  the 
work  had  been  completed,  showed  proofs  of  the  printed 
matter  and  asked  the  formal  endorsement  of  the  Society, 
which  was  given.  The  title  of  the  book  was  "  Formulary 
for  Non-official  Preparations  in  General  Use  in  the  District 
of  Columbia  ;"  48  pages. 

In  1897  a  bill  was  introduced  into  Congress  to  regulate 
the  practice  of  pharmacy:  Senate  Bill  1330.  The  bill 
contained  some  features  to  which  the  Committee  on  Legis- 
lation of  the  Medical  Society  took  exception,  and  April 
7th,  the  Society  directed  the  committee  to  oppose  the  pas- 
sage of  the  bill. 

May  20,  1903,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  confer  with 
the  Commissioners  of  Pharmacy  with  regard  to  formulat- 
ing a  new  law  concerning  pharmacy  and  poisons.*  The 
committee  consisted  of  Drs.  Z.  T.  Sowers,  G.  L.  Magruder, 
R.  Reyburn.  T.  A.  Claytor  and  N.  P.  Barnes. 

December  i6th,  Dr.  M.  G.  Motter  stated  that  a  confer- 
ence had  been  held  by  committees  from  the  Medical  Soci- 

*  See  Washington  Medical  Annals,  1903-4,  II,  pp.  307,  496. 


94  MEDICAL,  SOCIETY 

ety,  Homeopathic  Medical  Society,  National  College  of 
Pharmacy,  Retail  Drug  Clerks'  Association,  Medico-Legal 
Society,  Registered  Drug  Clerks'  Association  and  the 
Board  of  Pharmacy.  The  result  was  a  bill  which  had  been 
sent  to  the  District  Commissioners.  March  2',  1904,  the 
committee  on  the  new  pharmacy  law  reported  to  the  So- 
ciety that  the  bill  agreed  on  had  been  introduced  in 
Congress,*  and  November  8,  1905,  the  Society  passed  a 
resolution  that  it  would  cooperate  with  the  District  Com- 
missioners in  securing  the  passage  of  the  bill.t 

THE   ANNIVERSARIES   OF   THE   SOCIETY. 

The  question  as  to  what  time  of  the  year  should  be  cel- 
ebrated as  the  anniversary  of  the  formation  of  the  Society 
was,  perhaps,  discussed  from  time  to  time,  but  the  first 
record  of  the  question  being  raised  was  when  Dr.  Toner 
made  his  anniversary  address,  September  26,  i866.|  It  will 
be  remembered  that  this  date  was  that  of  the  preliminary 
meeting  called  in  181 7  to  consider  the  formation  of  the 
Society.  At  that  meeting  a  resolution  was  adopted  to  the 
effect  that  it  was  "  important  and  expedient  to  organize  at 
once  a  society,"  etc.,  and  apparently  it  was  from  this  fact 
that  Dr.  Toner  maintained  that  that  date  should  be  re- 
garded as  the  true  anniversary  ;  because,  he  argued  that  we 
celebrate  the  Fourth  of  July  as  Independence  Day,  although 
the  resolution  of  the  Continental  Congress  declaring  the 
independence  of  the  Colonies  was  not  engrossed  until 
July  19,  and  not  signed  until  August  2,  1776. 

September  26,  1867,  what  might  be  called  a  second  An- 

•  House  Bill  11967.  introduced  February  8th.  See  W.\sh.  Med.  Ann.al.s,  1904-5,  III, 
pp.  134.  147. 

t  The  bill  passed  and  was  approved  May  7.  1906.  See  U.  S.  Statutes,  1905-6,  part  I, 
p.  175. 

X  "Anniversary  address  delivered  before  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia."    Published.in  1869,  80  pages. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  95 

niversary  celebration  took  place.  The  meeting  was  held 
at  the  Columbian  Medical  College  ;  there  was  an  address  by 
Dr.  W.  P.  Johnston,  followed  by  a  supper.  Dr.  Noble 
Young,  however,  took  exception  to  the  date,  September 
26th,  and  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Society,  August  12,  1868, 
when  another  celebration  of  September  26th  was  being 
contemplated ;  he  maintained  that  the  proper  date  was 
that  of  the  final  organization  of  the  Society,  namely,  Jan- 
uary 5th,  and  that  therefore  the  next  celebration  should  be 
January  5,  1869.  The  Society  debated  the  question,  Sep- 
tember 2,  1868,  and  decided,  by  a  vote  of  9  to  4,  that 
January  5th  was  the  proper  date.  Those  who  voted  in  the 
affirmative  were  Drs.  S.  S.  Bond,  F.  Howard,  W.  P.  Johns- 
ton, A.  F.  A.  King,  C.  H.  Liebermann,  G.  R.  Miller,  J.  E. 
Morgan,  C.  M.  Tree  and  Noble  Young ;  in  the  negative, 
Drs.  J.  W.  H.  Lovejoy,  Wm.  Marbury,  B.  Thompson  and 
J.  M.  Toner.  The  attendance  was  too  small  to  decide  such 
a  matter.  The  Society  accordingly  celebrated  January  5, 
1869  ;  the  victor  in  the  contest.  Noble  Young,  made  the 
address,  and  those  attending  then  adjourned  to  "  Harvey's" 
for  supper. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  however,  January  5th  was  not  al- 
ways the  date  afterwards  celebrated.  It  was  January  26, 
1870,  when  Dr.  Lincoln  made  his  address;  Dr.  Busey 
made  his,  January  4,  187 1  ;  Dr.  Louis  Mackall,  January  3, 
1872,  at  Marini's  Hall ;  and  January  9,  1873,  at  the  same 
place.  Dr.  Lovejoy  officiated.* 

Then  the  pendulum  swung  back  to  September  26th,  for 
September  26,  1873,  ^^e  anniversary  was  held  at  Marini's, 
and  Dr.  D.  R.  Hagner  made  the  address ;  September  26, 
1874,  at  the  same  place.  Dr.  W.  B.  Drinkard  was  the  ora- 
tor.    But  the  next  year,   1875,  the  date  was  changed  to 

*  Marini's  Hall  was  pre\'iously  the  "  Medical  Hall." 


96  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

November  23d  ;  the  meeting  was  at  the  same  place,  and  Dr. 
W.  W.  Johnston  made  the  address. 

It  is  well  to  note,  going  back  for  a  moment,  that  January 
6,  1851,  Dr.  Grafton  Tyler  was  elected  to  deliver  an  annual 
address,  and  this  must  have  been  an  anniversary  address, 
because  Dr.  William  Jones  was  President  at  that  time,  and 
the  address  was  made  January  5,  1852  ;  and  Dr.  Tyler  was 
elected  to  make  the  address  again  the  next  year,  Dr.  Jones 
still  being  President. 

September  26,  1876,  Dr.  Antisell  was  the  orator  at  Ma- 
rini's  Hall ;  December  20,  1877,  Dr.  A.  Y.  P.  Garnett,  at 
Marini's;  December  28,  1878,  Dr.  A.  F.  A.  King,  at  Tal- 
madge  Hall;  November  26,  1879,  Dr.  Reyburn,  at  Gonzaga 
Hall;  December  8,  1880,  Dr.  S.  A.  H.  McKim,  at  the 
same  place.* 

With  this  date  the  anniversary  celebrations  ceased  until 
February  16,  1894,  when  the  75th  anniversary  was  cele- 
brated, A  full  account  of  the  events  leading  up  to  it,  and 
the  program  as  carried  out,  was  published  by  the  Society, 
under  the  title  "  Transactions  and  Proceedings  of  the  75th 
Anniversary  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia ;"  108  pages.  The  story  is  briefly  as  follows : 
April  5,  1893,  Dr.  C.  H.  Stowell  called  the  attention  of  the 
Society  to  the  fact  that  February  16,  1894,  would  be  the 
75th  anniversary  (/.  ^,,  of  the  approval  of  the  first  charter). 
A  committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the  propriety  of 
celebrating  it :  Drs.  Busey,  Stowell  and  T.  C.  Smith.  The 
committee  reported  favorably,  and  was  enlarged  by  the 
addition  of  Drs.  T.  E.  McArdle  and  S.  S.  Adams  to  pre- 
pare a  program.  This  committee  reported  the  program 
May  loth,  and  was  again  enlarged  by  adding  Drs.  G.  C.  Ober 
and  A.  A.  Snyder  to  form  a  committee  of  arrangements. 

♦The  titles  of  the  anniversary  essays  up  to  1878  were  published  in  the  National  Med- 
ico! Review  for  1878-9,  I,  p.  64. 


EDWARD  DE  WELDErS  BRENEMAN: 


DAVID  PHILIP  WOLHAUPTER 


25 


26 


DISTRICT  OF  COI.UMBIA  97 

The  committee  reported  details  May  24th  and  again  No- 
vember 29th,  and  January  17  and  February  7,  1894.  The 
celebration  was  held  February  i6th,  and  on  the  21st  the 
Society  adopted  appropriate  resolutions. 

The  program  was  opened  with  an  address  by  Dr.  Busey, 
who  wa  President  of  the  Society  at  the  time ;  Dr.  W.  W. 
Johnston  followed  with  a  "History  of  the  Medical  Society  ;" 
Dr.  J.  Ford  Thompson  came  next  with  a  "  History  of  the 
Hospitals  of  the  District  of  Columbia;"  and  Dr.  T.  C. 
Smith  concluded  with  the  "  History  of  the  Medical  Col- 
leges of  the  District  of  Columbia."  The  meeting  then 
adjourned  to  The  Arlington,  where  a  banquet  was  served, 
with  appropriate  toasts. 

PORTRAITS   OF    MEMBERS. 

As  early  as  1866  the  Society  undertook  to  secure  the 
portraits,  or  copies  of  them,  of  deceased  members  and,  inci- 
dentally, of  members  still  living.  February  7th  of  that 
year,  on  motion  of  Dr.  Toner,  it  was  ordered  that  portraits 
of  deceased  members,  to  be  hung  up  in  the  room  of  the 
Society,  be  requested  from  their  families.  April  4th,  the 
)ortrait  of  Dr.  B.  S.  Bohrer  was  received,  and  May  9th, 
bat  of  one  of  the  Worthingtons.  December  9th,  a  com- 
nittee  was  appointed — Drs.  W.  P.  Johnston,  F.  Howard 
and  A.  F.  A.  King — to  inquire  into  and  report  the  best 
manner  in  which  to  frame  these  portraits.  The  committee 
-ep  rted,  recommending  a  mounting  costing  $16.00  apiece. 
Of  course,  for  only  two  portraits,  this  sum  was  not  so  large, 
but  for  a  large  number  of  portraits  it  would  have  been  too 
much. 

January  30,  1867,  the  committee  was  authorized  to  ob- 
tain the  portraits  of  other  deceased  members,  but  at  an 
expense  as  low  as  possible.     April  24th,  Dr.  Thomas  Miller 

7 


q8  medical  society 

gave  his  photograph  to  the  Society.  The  portrait  of  Dr.  S. 
C.  Smoot  was  received,  but  July  17th,  Dr.  Mack  all  reported 
that  the  photographer  had  lost  it.  Whether  it  was  ever 
again  found  does  not  appear.  February  19,  1873,  the 
photograph  of  Dr.  R.  K.  Stone  was  received.  Dr.  Stone 
had  died  the  year  before.  June  7,  1882,  the  Secretary  was 
requested  to  ascertain  the  names  of  all  those  members  who, 
according  to  the  rule  adopted  by  the  Society,  might  be  re- 
quested to  furnish  their  pictures  for  the  Society  rooms. 
There  is  no  mention  of  any  report  in  regard  to  the  matter. 

February  i,  1905,  Dr.  A.  L.  Stavely  presented  to  the 
Society  a  photograph  of  Dr.  Chas.  Worthington,  that  had 
been  made  from  an  oil  painting  that  was  afterwafd  burned 
in  the  "  Knox"  fire  ;  the  photograph  was  made  by  a  grand- 
daughter of  Dr.  Worthington,  a  Miss  E.  W.  Trescott,  of 
Washington. 

The  Historical  Committee,  February  7,  1906,  sent  out  a 
circular  letter  to  all  living  members,  and  to  many 
persons  not  members,  asking  for  photographs  of  members, 
both  of  those  living  and  those  deceased.  It  was  the  inten- 
tion of  the  committee  to  assemble  the  photographs  in  al- 
bums as  a  permanent  record,  but  it  was  afterward  thought 
best  to  have  them  reproduced  in  half-tone  for  publication 
in  the  "  History." 

INVESTMENTS. 

The  charter  of  the  Society  limits  its  investments  to 
what  would  bring  an  income  of  no  more  than  $6,000  a 
year.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  does  not  appear  that  it  was 
ever  contemplated  by  the  Society  as  a  body  to  do  more 
than  simply  assess  the  members  enough  to  pay  the  current 
expenses.  At  first  a  portion  of  the  balance  remaining  from 
actual  expenses  was  devoted  to  increasing  the  library ;  but 
this  expenditure  did  not  long  continue.     In  1866  the  So- 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  99 

ciety  had  some  surplus,  namely,  $400,  which  was  ordered 
to  be  invested  in  stock  bearing  dividends  at  6  or  7  per 
cent.  The  Treasurer  invested  it  in  United  States  7-30S, 
which,  being-  at  a  premium,  gave  a  return  of  $421,  March 
13,  1867,  when  the  bonds  were  sold  to  help  pay  subsrcrip- 
tion  to  the  "  Medical  Hall."  The  Society  subscribed  alto- 
gether $1,350  to  this  project. 

July  14,  1892,  the  Treasurer  was  directed  to  deposit  all 
moneys  in  the  Washington  Loan  and  Trust  Company, 
which  paid  a  small  interest  on  deposits.  April  i,  1896, 
he  was  instructed  to  invest  $1,000  at  five  and  a  half  per 
cent,  with  real  estate  security,  with  the  American  Secur- 
ity and  Trust  Company,  of  Washington.  November  10, 
1897,  the  period  of  investment  having  expired,  it  was  or- 
dered to  be  renewed. 

THE    SOCIETY    AND     MEDICAL    HISTORY    AND    STATISTICS. 

June  12,  1867,  it  was  ordered,  on  motion  of  Dr.  Toner, 
that  a  standing  committee  be  appointed, 

"  To  consist  of  one  member  from  each  ward,  two  from 
Georgetown  and  one  from  the  county,  to  be  known  as  the 
Committee  on  History  and  Statistics  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  the  District  of  Columbia,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  col- 
lect and  keep  a  record  of  all  important  facts,  occurrences 
of  interest  to  the  medical  profession  and,  particularly,  to 
collect  statistics  of  the  frequency  and  prevalence  of  par- 
ticular diseases,  throughout  the  year,  and  of  surgical  oper- 
ations and  their  results." 

The  committee  was  appointed  March  24,  1869,  and  dis- 
charged May  12,  1869,  apparently  not  having  done  any- 
thing. 

January  25,  1871,  the  following  resolution  was  adopted  : 


lOO  MEDIC AI.  SOCIKTY 

"  That  a  committee  be  appointed  at  the  first  meeting  in 
January  (or  as  soon  thereafter  as  practicable)  to  be  called 
the  Committee  on  the  Medical  Constitution  of  the  District, 
to  consist  of  six  members ;  the  committee  to  be  divided 
into  three  sub-committees,  respectively,  on  Meteorology, 
Endemics  and  Epidemics,  and  Medical  Statistics,  each  sub- 
committee to  submit  a  quarterly  report  to  be  embodied  in 
the  general  report  of  the  committee  as  a  whole  ;  the  latter 
report  to  be  laid  before  the  Society  at  the  first  regular 
meeting  in  January,  April,  July  and  October.  The  com- 
mittee to  solicit  information  from  individuals  and  organ- 
izations." 

Drs.  W.  B.  Drinkard,  T.  Antisell,  B.  F.  Craig,  W.  W. 
Johnston,  J.  Ford  Thompson  and  A.  F.  A.  King  were  the 
committee.     Apparently  no  report  was  ever  made. 

THE   SOCIETY    AND    COLORED    PHYSICIANS. 

On  the  9th  of  June,  1869,  two  colored  physicians,  Drs. 
C.  B.  Purvis  and  A.  T.  Augusta,  were  proposed  for  mem- 
bership in  the  Society.  At  the  next  meeting,  June  i6th, 
they  were  reported  as  eligible.  They  failed,  however,  to 
receive  the  requisite  number  of  votes  to  elect  them.  June 
23d,  another  colored  physician,  Dr.  A.  W.  Tucker,  was 
proposed  ;  on  the  30th  he  was  reported  as  eligible,  but 
failed  of  election. 

No  further  effort  toward  membership  on  the  part  of  col- 
ored physicians  was  made  till  January  6,  1891,  when  Dr. 
J.  F.  Shadd  was  nominated.  April  ist,  the  date  of  election, 
the  vote  was  16  to  t^j^  a  little  less  than  one-third.  No 
colored  physician  has  since  applied. 

1869  TO  1872. 

So  many  years,  the  life,  indeed,  of  one  generation,  have 
passed  away  since  the  trouble  of  1869  to  1872,  that  few  of 
the  present  members  of  the  Society  have  any  recollection 


DISTRICT  OF  COIA'MBIA  lOI 

of  it.  The  story,  even  now,  is  painful  to  tell,  although  the 
intense  partisanship  of  that  time  has  long  since  faded  away. 

The  complete  record  of  the  trouble  can  be  found  in  the 
minutes  of  the  Society  of  those  years,  especially  June  15, 
1870  ;  in  Volumes  XXI  and  XXIII,  1870  and  1872,  Trans- 
actions A))ierica7i  Medical  Associatio7i ;  in  the  Congress- 
ional Record  of  1869-70;  in  "  Busey's  Reminiscences," 
p.  245  et  seq. ;  and  in  the  National  Medical  Journal^ 
1870-1,  Vol.  I,  pp.  168,  203,  214,  220  and  233. 

Briefly  told,  the  story  is  as  follows:  December  9,  1869, 
Senator  Sumner  offered  the  following  resolution  in  the  U.  S. 
Senate  : 

'■'■Resolved^  That  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia be  directed  to  consider  the  expediency  of  repealing 
the  charter  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  of  such  other  legislation  as  may  be  necessary 
in  order  to  secure  for  medical  practitioners  in  the  District  of 
Columbia  equal  rights  and  opportunities,  without  distinc- 
tion of  color." 

This  resolution  was  discussed  by  Senators  Sumner,  Pat- 
terson and  Norton,  and  was  adopted.  The  discussion 
showed  that  the  Society  and  Association  were  being  con- 
founded. Mr.  Sumner  stated  that  his  object  was  to  repeal 
the  charter  of  the  Society  and  then  charter  a  new  Society 
that  should  be  founded  on  republican  principles.  He  men- 
tioned the  rejection  of  colored  physicians  by  the  Society, 
and  the  difficulty  they  had  in  securing  consultations. 

December  29th,  the  Medical  Society  appointed  a  com- 
mittee, consisting  of  all  its  officers  and  three  other  mem- 
bers, to  represent  the  Society  before  Congress  in  a  way 
deemed  most  expedient  by  said  committee,  having  in  view, 
especially,  the  action  of  the  United  States  Senate.  At  the 
same  meeting  it  was  ordered  that,  as  it  was  possible  that 
the  charter  might  be  repealed,  all  moneys  due  the  Society, 


I02  MEDICAT<  SOCIETY 

all  moneys  in  hand  and  all  property  should  be  delivered  to 
Trustees,  the  money  to  be  invested  in  the  purchase  of 
books  for  a  medical  library,  and  the  other  property  to  be 
held  in  trust.  Drs.  S.  C.  Busey,  L.  Mackall,  J.  M.  Toner, 
J.  W.  H.  Lovejoy  and  W.  B.  Drinkard  were  made  the 
Trustees. 

At  the  meeting  January  12,  1870,  Drs.  Lovejoy,  Toner 
and  Liebermann  were  appointed  a  committee  to  draft  a 
statement  of  facts,  explaining  the  status  of  the  Society  with 
reference  to  the  proposed  action  of  Congress  for  the  repeal 
of  its  charter.  This  committee  made  an  appropriate  re- 
port, which  was  adopted  and  ordered  to  be  published.* 

February  8th,  Senator  Sumner  from  the  District  Com- 
mittee reported  a  bill  (Senate  Bill,  No.  511)  repealing  the 
charter  of  the  Society  ;  it  was  read  twice  and  ordered  to  be 
printed.  February  i6th,  the  Congressional  Committee  of 
the  Society  reported  that  the  whole  matter  had  been  laid 
before  the  Senate  Committee,  and  it  was  believed  that 
Senators  Patterson  and  Hamlin  correctly  understood  it. 
March  2d,  the  Society  appointed  a  committee — Drs.  Wm. 
Marbury,  C.  M.  Tree  and  T.  Purringtou — to  take  an  inventory 
of  its  personal  property,  and  the  Treasurer  was  instructed 
to  transfer  to  the  trustees  the  property'  embraced  in  the 
deed  of  trust  which  had  been  executed  under  the  resolution 
of  January  12th. 

March  4th,  the  repeal  bill  was  called  up  in  the  Senate, 
but,  after  some  debate,  was  passed  over.  It  was  again  called 
up  April  22d,  and  again  passed  over. 

The  trouble  was  taken  to  the  American  IMedical  Asso- 
ciation, which  met  in  Washington  May  3  to  6,  1870.  The 
majority  of  the  local  committee  of  arrangements  made  a 
report  to  the  Association,  which  contained  a  list  of  mem- 
bers of    the  Medical  Society  entitled  to  sit  as  delegates  ; 

*  The  report  was  an  appeal  to  Congress.     See  Busey's  "  Reminiscences,  "  p.  247. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  IO3 

there  was  also  a  minority  report  that  objected  to  some 
names  in  the  majority  report  and  recommended  others. 
Both  reports  were  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Ethics,  of 
the  Association  ;  a  majority  of  this  committee  reported 
favoring  the  report  of  the  majority  of  the  committee  of 
arrangements,  and  the  Association  approved  the  same. 

June  loth,  the  repealing  bill  was  again  called  up  in  the 
U.  S.  Senate  and  again  passed  over.  February  8,  1871,  it 
was  again  called  up  and  passed  over.  That  night  the  So- 
ciety appointed  its  President  and  two  Vice  Presidents  a 
committee  to  look  after  the  interests  of  the  Society  before 
Congress.  February  15th,  the  committee  reported  that 
there  was  no  likelihood  of  action  being  taken  on  the  bill 
at  that  session  of  Congress. 

Apparently  the  matter  received  no  further  notice  from 
the  Senate  ;  but  December  iSth,  a  bill  repealing  the  charter 
(House  Bill,  No.  733)  was  introduced  into  the  House  and 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 
The  Society  took  notice  of  it  January  24,  1872,  appointing 
a  committee,  consisting  of  the  President,  Vice  Presidents 
and  Drs.  Toner  and  Lovejoy,  to  protest  against  the  repeal. 
The  Committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  however, 
never  reported. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  at 
San  Francisco,  in  1871,  Dr.  Toner  was  the  only  accredited 
delegate  from  the  District,  and  the  question  of  the  Dis- 
trict's representation  does  not  appear  to  have  been  raised. 
But  at  the  meeting  in  Philadelphia,  May  7  to  10,  1872,  it 
came  up  and  was  decided  favorably  to  the  Medical  Society. 

September  29,  1886,  Dr.  Busey  recalled  how,  in  1870, 
the  Society,  apprehending  some  danger  of  abrogation  of  its 
charter,  had  transferred  to  a  board  of  trustees  all  its  prop- 
erty, consisting  of  furniture,  library  and  money  on  hand, 
to  be  held  in  trust  for  the  Society.     The  furniture  and 


I04  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

library,  however,  had  always  remained  in  possession  of  the 
Society,  and  were  continuously  used.  Several  meetings  of 
the  Board  were  held,  and  Dr.  Busey  was  elected  chairman. 
No  meetings  had  been  held  since  1871.  In  1872  or  1873 
Dr.  Busey  had  made  a  report  to  the  Society.  ■  Since  that 
time  he  had  been  in  possession  of  the  money,  but  had  for- 
gotten all  about  the  matter  until  June,  1886,  and  it  was 
only  September  29th  that  he  had  been  able  to  find  the 
record  of  the  transactions.  [He  then  read  the  minutes  of 
the  several  meetings  of  the  Board.] 

The  Society  appointed  a  committee,  consisting  of  the 
President,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  to  investigate  the  mat- 
ter and  report  some  way  in  which  the  trustees  might  be 
discharged  from  the  trust.  The  committee  reported  Octo- 
ber 27th,  reciting  the  history  of  the  matter  from  the  be- 
ginning. The  trustees  had  expended  $5.75,  leaving  a 
balance  of  $195.25.  The  committee  recommended  that  as 
the  need  for  the  trustees  had  pas.sed  and  they  wanted  to  be 
released,  the  Society  release  them  and  their  representatives 
of  all  their  obligations.  The  recommendation  and  report 
were  adopted.  But  November  24th,  Dr.  Busey  stated  that 
the  action  of  the  Society  had  been  pronounced  by  an  attor- 
ney insufficient,  and  he  offered  a  preamble  and  resolution 
[these  are  not  given]  providing  for  the  reconveyance  of 
the  property  in  their  hands  to  the  Society.  These  were 
adopted  by  the  Society. 

April  9,  1890,  the  attention  of  the  Society  was  called  to 
the  fact  that  Senator  Dolph  had  introduced  in  the  Senate 
a  bill  to  repeal  the  charter  of  the  Society.  The  Secretary 
of  the  Society  was  directed  to  ascertain  the  facts.  April 
i6th  he  presented  a  copy  of  the  bill,  which  read  as  follows: 

"A  bill  to  amend  an  act  entitled  'An  act  to  revive  with 
amendments  an  act  to  incorporate  the  Medical  Society  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,  approved  July  7,  1838  :'    Be  it 


27 


28 


DISTRICT    OF    COIvUMBIA  IO5 

enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
United  States  of  America  in  Cojtgress  assembled^  That  the 
act  entitled  'An  act  to  revive  with  amendments  an  act  to 
incorporate  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, approved  July  7,  1838,'  be  amended  by  striking-  out 
sections  3  and  5,  the  first  eight  lines,  and  first  three  words 
of  the  ninth  line,  counting  from  the  top,  of  section  4,  also 
the  last  seventeen  lines  of  section  6,  beginning  with  the 
words  10  'and  provided  also.'  " 

This  bill  was  referred  by  the  Society  to  the  special  com- 
mittee on  legislation. 

The  matter  seems  to  have  drifted  along  until  April  12, 
1892,  when  the  Senate  passed  a  resolution  instructing  the 
District  Commissioners  to  inquire  into  and  report  whether 
the  Medical  Society  admitted  colored  physicians  to  mem- 
bership, or  physicians  who  were  or  had  been  teachers  in 
Howard  University.  After  investigation,  the  Senate  com- 
mittee reported,  July  22d,  that  the  Society  did  "  not  admit 
to  membership  colored  physicians,  however  reputable  or 
well  qualified  they  might  be,  and  that  as  regards  teachers 
in  the  medical  school  of  Howard  University,  in  some  cases 
they  were  admitted  and  in  others  rejected." 

This  apparently  disposed  of  the  whole  matter.  No 
further  action  was  taken. 

THE    SOCIETY    AND   THE    HEALTH    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE 
DISTRICT   OF    COLUMBIA.* 

The  necessity  for  a  Health  Officer  or  Board  of  Health 
to  look  after  the  sanitary  needs  of  the  District,  was  realized 
at  an  early  date  in  the  history  of  the  District,  but  a  num- 
ber of  years  elapsed  before  such  an  officer  or  board  was 
appointed.    According  to  Dr.  Toner,t  it  was  mainly  through 

*  This  article  was  partly  prepared  by  Dr.  W.  C.  Woodward,  from  the  records  of  the 
Health  Department,  D.  C. 
t  Oration,  p,  76. 


I06  MEDICAL,  SOCIETY 

the  efforts  of  Dr.  Henry  Huntt,  a  member  of  the  Society, 
that  the  Common  Council  and  Board  of  Aldermen  of 
Washington  passed  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Health  Officer  for  the  City  of  Washington,"  an 
Act  approved  by  Mayor  Samuel  N,  Smallwood,  August  14, 
1 819.  The  text  of  this  Act  may  be  found,  among  a  num- 
ber of  authorities,  in  the  S.  S.  Adams  Presidential  address 
to  the  Society,  December  17,  1902,  entitled  "Achievements 
of  the  conservators  of  the  public  health  of  the  City  of 
Washington  during  fifty  years,   1819-1869."* 

The  first  section  of  the  Act  provided  that  the  Mayor, 
with  the  concurrence  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  should 
appoint  a  "  discreet  and  prudent  citizen,  being  a  member 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  to  be 
Health  Officer  of  the  City  of  Washington."  The  Act  then 
went  on  to  recite  the  duties  of  this  officer.  By  this  Act, 
therefore,  the  IMedical  Society  became  directly  interested 
in  the  office  and  the  officer. 

Four  days  after  the  approval.  Dr.  Henry  Huntt  was  ap- 
pointed Health  Officer,  and  no  doubt  the  influence  of  the 
Society  was  exerted,  and  effectually  so,  thereafter  in  shap- 
ing the  sanitary  legislation  of  the  city. 

For  reasons  which  do  not  now  appear  the  Common 
Council  and  Board  of  Aldermen  passed  a  new  law,  that 
was  approved  by  Mayor  Smallwood,  March  30,  1822,  cre- 
ating a  "  Board  of  Health,"  composed  of  one  physician  and 
one  citizen  not  a  physician,  from  each  ward,  and  the  physi- 
cian attending  the  Washington  Asylum.  The  first  Board 
appointed  (April  10,  1822)  comprised,  as  physicians,  Drs. 
Sim,  Huntt,  Sewall,  Fred.  May,  Richmond  Johnson,  Ham- 
ilton and  McWilliams — the  last  was  the  physician  to 
the  Washington  Asylum.  Dr.  May  was  elected  President, 
but  declined,  and  Dr.  Huntt  was  then  elected  and  served 

'Published  as  a  Senate  Document. 


J 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  IO7 

as  such  until  1833,  when  he  resigned  and  Dr,  Causin  was 
elected  President. 

November  24,  1836,  the  Board  of  Health  appointed  a 
committee  to  memorialize  Congress  upon  the  subject  of 
establishing  an  Insane  Asylum  and  a  National  Hospital  in 
Washington,  and  Drs.  Young  and  Lindsly,  who  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Board  and  also  of  the  Society,  were  appointed 
by  the  Board  a  committee  to  present  the  matter  to  the 
Medical  Society,  and  ask  its  concurrence  and  aid.  Dr. 
Adams  states*  that  the  subject  was  presented  to  the  Soci- 
ety, but  was  unceremoniously  laid  on  the  table,  where  it 
remained.  The  minutes  of  the  Society  for  that  period  are 
not  now  in  existence. 

It  may  be  mentioned  here  that  the  city  of  Georgetown 
had  its  own  Board  of  Health,  and  by  Sec.  10  of  an  Act  of 
Congress,  March  3,  1863,  the  "Levy  Court"  was  given  full 
power  to  make  sanitary  rules  and  regulations  in  the  county^ 
abate  nuisances,  &c.  This  court  was  composed  of  nine 
members,  three  from  Washington,  one  from  Georgetown 
and  five  from  the  County,  appointed  by  the  President  of 
the  United  States  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate. 

As  early  as  January  7,  1850,  the  Society  appointed  a 
committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  H.  Lind.sly,  W.  P.  Johnston 
and  J.  C.  Hall,  to  inquire  into  the  expediency  of  establish- 
ing among  the  profession  some  system  by  which  a  more 
perfect  registration  of  births  and  deaths  might  be  effected. 
February  4th,  the  Society  adopted  a  resolution  approving 
the  measure  for  procuring  a  registration  of  births  which 
the  Board  of  Health  had  adopted,  and  earnestly  recom- 
mending the  members  of  the  Society  to  comply  with  the 
requirements  of  the  same,  so  far  as  was  compatible  with 
professional  confidence  and  a  due  regard  to  the  feelings 
of  patients. 

•  Ibid.,  p.  25. 


I08  MEDICAI,  SOCIETY 

In  1866  the  Board  of  Health  of  Washington,  because  of 
the  unsatisfactory  results  of  its  efforts  to  secure  a  complete 
registration  of  deaths,  appointed  a  committee  to  consider 
the  subject,  and  September  17th,  the  committee  submitted 
a  report,  recommending  that  the  Mayor  be  requested  to 
recommend  to  the  city  Councils  the  adoption  of  an  ordi- 
nance which  the  committee  had  prepared.  The  Board 
adopted  the  report.  The  proposed  ordinance  required  the 
attending  physician  to  sign  the  death  certificate  in  each 
case  of  death,  whereas  previously  he  had  simply  been  re- 
quested \.o  do  so ;  and  certificates  could  also  be  signed  by  cler- 
gymen, members  of  the  family  of  the  deceased,  and,  indeed, 
by  any  respectable  citizen.  This  action  of  the  Board  was 
communicated  to  the  Medical  Society,  September  19th, 
and  the  Society  passed  an  order  requesting  its  members  to 
oppose  the  passage  of  such  a  law.  The  law  failed  to  pass, 
probably  because  of  this  opposition. 

October  16,  1866,  pursuant  to  a  call,  a  few  members  of  the 
Board  of  Health  met,  formed  a  temporary  organization  by 
calling  Mr.  M.  G.  Emery  to  the  chair,  and  adjourned  for 
one  week,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  the  Board  was 
formally  organized.  November  9th,  a  resolution  was 
adopted  requiring  physicians  or  midwives  and  certain  other 
persons  to  report  births  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Health  within  a  specified  time,  under  a  penalty  of  ten 
dollars.  At  the  same  meeting  a  resolution  was  adopted 
requiring  all  physicians,  as  well  as  undertakers,  to  keep  on 
hand  blank  death  certificates.  The  plan  adopted  by  the 
Board  for  the  registration  of  births  does  not  appear  to  have 
given  satisfactory  results,  for  at  the  meeting  of  the  Board 
November  19th,  a  request  was  made  of  the  Boards  of  h\- 
dermen  and  Common  Council  to  enact  into  law  the  bill 
previously  presented  to  the  Board,  referring  principally  to 
the  ordinance  enacted  by  the  Board  at  its  previous  meeting. 

April  29,  1868,  the  Medical  Society  appointed   a  com- 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  lOQ 

niittee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Lindsly,  Tyler  and  D.  R.  Hagner, 
to  apply  to  Congress  for  an  act  to  establish  a  Commission 
of  Health  in  the  "  District  of  Columbia." 

The  subject  of  reporting  deaths  seems  to  have  been  fre- 
quently before  the  Board  of  Health,  because  the  minutes 
of  the  Board  show  that  February  i8,  1869,  a  resolution  was 
introduced  in  regard  to  registration  of  deaths  before  burial. 
Up  to  that  time  such  deaths  had  been  registered  by  the 
superintendents  of  cemeteries  after  burial.  The  resolution 
was  referred  to  a  committee  that  reported  one  month  later, 
but  the  nature  of  the  report  and  the  action  of  the  Board 
thereon  are  not  recorded.  April  ist,  the  Undertakers' 
Protective  Association  protested  that  it  was  impossible  for 
them  to  carry  out  the  suggestions  of  the  Board  as  to  fur- 
nishing correct  lists  of  burials,  because  some  physicians 
refused  to  give  the  necessary  information.  Apparently  the 
Board  took  no  action  on  this.  August  26th,  the  Board 
approved  a  draft  of  a  new  law  for  the  registration  of  births, 
and  instructed  the  Secretary  to  request  of  the  Boards  of 
Aldermen  and  Common  Council  their  immediate  action. 
By  this  bill  the  attending  physician  was  made  responsible 
for  immediate  report.  What  these  legislative  bodies  did, 
however,  does  not  appear. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board,  October  21st,  Mr.  J.  C. 
Willard  moved  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  draft 
a  bill  to  establish  a  Metropolitan  Board  of  Health  ;  the 
motion  was  carried.  Apparently,  however,  no  bill  was  re- 
ported. 

August  17,  1870,  the  committee  of  the  Board  on  Burial 
Grounds  and  Registration  was  instructed  to  prepare  a  plan 
more  effectually  to  secure  a  cumplete  registration  of  births. 

Apparently  the  Board  of  Health  had  no  meeting  between 
September  13th  and  October  4th.  On  the  latter  date 
the  Board  received  an  opinion  from  the  Corporation  Attor- 
ney relative  to  the  powers  of  the  Board.     What  the  opin- 


no  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

ion  was  is  not  stated.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  call 
on  the  Mayor  and  ascertain  why  the  requests  of  the  Board 
had  not  been  complied  with.  This  was  the  last  meeting 
of  the  Board  of  Health  of  the  City  of  Washington. 

By  act  of  Congress,  1871,  a  Board  of  Health  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  was  created,  and  under  this  act  a  Board 
was  appointed,  consisting  of  Dr.  C.  C.  Cox,  John  Marbury, 
John  AI.  Langston,  Dr.  Tullio  S.  \'erdi  and  H.  A.  Wil- 
lard.  The  Board  organized  at  a  meeting  held  April  13, 
187 1,  by  electing  Dr.  Cox  President,  Dr.  Verdi  Secretary, 
and  Mr.  Willard  Treasurer.  Dr.  Verdi  was  subsequently 
appointed  Health  Officer,  and  Mr.  Willard  having  resigned, 
Dr.  D.  W.  Bliss  was  appointed  in  his  place.  Dr.  Cox, 
however,  was  not  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  ;  Dr. 
Bliss  was  not  in  good  standing  in  the  Society,  and  Dr. 
Verdi  was  a  homeopathic  practitioner.  April  26th,  a  com- 
mittee, consisting  of  Drs.  Antisell,  Lincoln  and  Busey, 
was  appointed  by  the  Medical  Society  to  inquire  into  and 
report  upon  the  condition  of  the  Health  Department. 
This  committee  was  discharged  May  3d,  and  a  new  one  was 
appointed — Drs.  Lincoln,  Miller  and  Marbury.  This  com- 
mittee also  appears  to  have  been  unsatisfactory,  for  May 
23d,  Drs.  Lovejoy,  D.R.Hagner  and  Marbury  were  appoint- 
ed to  inquire  into  the  constitution  and  action  of  the  Board  of 
Health.  May  31st,  the  committee  reported  and  was  dis- 
charged. Drs.  Hagner,  Lovejoy  and  Johnston  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  have  the  report  printed  and  sent  to 
all  the  medical  journals  and  societies  in  the  country.  The 
memorial  was  as  follows  : 

'•'•Memorial  of  the  Medical  Profession  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  .• 

"The  undersigned,  regular  practitioners  of  medicine  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  respectfully  represent  to  your 
honorable  bodies    that  the  new  code  of  laws  adopted  by 


DI.STRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  III 

the  Board  of  Health  is  of  such  a  nature  as  to  destroy,  not 
only  the  privacy  of  the  domestic  household  and  the  sacred 
relations  existing  between  the  physician  and  his  patient, 
but  is  also  a  great  act  of  injustice  to  the  whole  medical 
profession  of  the  District. 

"The  law  of  Congress  creating  the  Board  of  Health  is 
as  follows  : 

"  '  Sec.  26.  That  there  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate,  a  Board  of  Health  for  the  said  District, 
to  consist  of  five  persons,  whose  duty  shall  be  to  declare 
what  shall  be  deemed  nuisances  injurious  to  the  health, 
and  to  provide  for  the  removal  thereof ;  to  make  and  en- 
force regulations  to  prevent  domestic  animals  from  running 
at  large  in  the  cities  of  Washington  and  Georgetown  ;  to 
prevent  the  sale  of  unwholesome  food  in  said  cities,  and  to 
perform  such  other  duties  as  shall  be  imposed  upon  said 
Board  by  the  Legislative  Assembly.' 

"  In  reading  this  law  it  will  be  seen  that  the  duties  of 
this  Board  are :  First,  to  declare  what  shall  be  deemed 
nuisances  injurious  to  health,  and  to  provide  for  their  re- 
moval ;  Second,  the  prevention  of  domestic  animals  from 
running  at  large  ;  and,  Third,  to  prevent  the  sale  of  un- 
wholesome food.  These  are  all  the  duties  assigned  to  said 
Board  by  Congress  ;  no  other  powers  can  they  assume, 
unless,  as  the  law  finally  and  emphatically  states,  '  To  per- 
form such  other  duties  as  shall  be  imposed  upon  said  Board 
by  the  Legislative  Assembly.' 

"As  no  other  duties  have  been  imposed  by  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly,  your  petitioners  would  most  respectfully 
represent  to  your  honorable  bodies,  that  the  powers  as 
named  by  the  Board,  in  the  published  code  of  laws,  are 
not  within  their  jurisdiction  and  militate  most  seriously 
against  the  interest  and  standing  of  the  medical  profession 
of  this  District,  and  are  an  infringement  of  the  rights  of 
every  citizen.  In  regard  to  the  final  clause  of  the  law  of 
Congress,  it  is  almost  impossible  for  the  Legislative  As- 
sembly to  specify  any  other  duties  for  the  Board  to  per- 
form, as  already  those  assumed  by  it  are  so  extensive  and 


112  MEDICAL,  SOCIETY 

herculean  in  their  character  that  it  would  take  an  army  of 
assistants  to  execute  them. 

"  The  code  of  laws  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Health,  of 
which  Dr.  C.  C.  Cox  is  chairman,  declares  that  Tullio  S. 
Verdi  shall  be  the  Health  Officer  and  specifies  certain 
duties  that  he  had  to  perform,  which  none  other  than  a 
medical  man  can  discharge.  Your  petitioners  respectfully 
represent  that  the  said  Verdi  is  not  a  regular  practitioner 
of  medicine,  nor  recognized  as  such  by  the  American  Med- 
ical Association,  the  representative  body  of  the  medical 
profession  of  the  country ;  that  no  health  officer  of  any  city 
in  the  United  States  has  ever  yet  been  appointed  who 
was  not  a  regular  practitioner  of  medicine,  and  therefore 
able  to  confer  and  advise  with  his  medical  brethren  in  re- 
gard to  all  hygienic  rules  that  should  be  adopted  for  the 
safety  and  security  of  the  public  weal. 

"  The  inspection  of  hospitals,  all  now  under  the  control 
and  management  of  regular  practitioners,  by  the  rules  of 
this  code  is  to  be  made  by  this  Health  Officer,  and  the 
existence  of  any  infectious  disease  must  be  reported  to  him 
in  twenty-four  hours. 

"  The  same  section  of  the  code.  No.  46,  also  requires 
that  every  physician  shall  report  to  the  sanitary  superin- 
tendent or  health  officer  every  person  having  a  contagious 
or  infectious  disease  whom  he  has  seen  and  prescribed  for 
within  forty-eight  hours.  It  necessarily  follows  that  the 
Board  intends  every  case  of  measles,  whooping-cough, 
mumps  or  scarlet  fever  occurring  in  the  practice  of  a  physi- 
cian to  be  reported  within  forty-eight  hours.  It  would  be 
an  onerous  and  almost  impossible  task,  and  the  only  result 
would  be  to  keep  the  community  in  a  constant  state  of 
alarm  and  anxiety,  to  frighten  away  all  strangers  from  our 
midst,  without  any  advantage  to  science  or  to  the  public. 

"  In  the  classification  of  diseases,  scarlet  fever,  measles, 
yellow  fever,  typhoid  and  typhus  fevers  are  considered  in- 
fectious, actual  contact  being  necessary  for  their  propaga- 
tion. Smallpox  is  considered  by  man}^  both  contagious 
and  infectious,  while  venereal,  itch  and  certain  other  skin 
diseases  are  purely  contagious.  According  to  the  proposed 
law,  the  names  and  residences  of  all  those  suffering  from 


CHAS.  FRAMKLIN    RAND 


J^yc!  f^,.  f«. 


29 


4 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  II3 

these  latter  diseases  are  to  be  reported  to  the  sanitary  su- 
perintendent, or  health  officer,  within  forty-eight  hours. 

"  In  regard  to  hospitals,  if  this  code  is  adopted  the  health 
officer  will  have  the  right  to  enter  any  hospital  within  the 
District,  and  require  the  physicians  and  surgeons  in  attend- 
ance to  adopt  his  plans  and  ideas  for  ventilation  and  all 
other  hygienic  measures  which  in  his  judgment  may  seem 
best,  however  inconsistent  they  may  be  with  the  views  of 
the  medical  men  in  charge. 

"The  regular  medical  profession  of  the  District  includes 
over  150  members;  the  homeopaths,  hydropaths  and  herb 
doctors  hardly  a  dozen  in  all.  Of  the  class  of  men  who 
compose  the  former  we  will  leave  your  honorable  bodies 
to  judge,  of  the  latter  we  will  say  nothing. 

"  It  will  also  be  seen  that  the  Board  of  Health  is  to 
establish  dispensaries,  and  appoint  physicians  to  attend  the 
poor,  etc.,  all  of  whom  are  under  the  direction  of  the  same 
health  officer.  If  homeopaths  are  to  hold  all  the  offices 
they  will  doubtless  discharge  their  duties  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  health  officer,  but  how  any  regular 
practitioner  of  medicine  can  do  so  we  are  unable  to  under- 
stand. Such  difficulties  must  arise  in  every  instance  where 
the  regular  physician  and  the  homeopathic  health  officer 
come  together,  as  their  ideas  of  treatment  of  disease,  of 
the  remedies  used,  as  well  as  the  rules  of  hygiene,  are  as 
wide  apart  as  the  poles. 

"  In  conclusion  we  respectfully  request  your  honorable 
bodies  not  to  subject  the  whole  profession  of  the  District, 
the  representative  of  the  regular  medical  practice  of  the 
country,  to  the  control  of  one  man  who  is  irregular  in 
practice  and  not  recognized  by  the  American  Medical 
Association." 

Signed  by  78  members  of  the  Society  and  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. 

To  this  memorial  the  Board  of  Health  made  the  follow- 
ing answer,  July  ist. 

'■'•Resolved^  That  the  memorialists  and  protestants  mis- 
represent the  Code  of  Health  when  they  affirm  that  a  pro- 
vision  exists   therein   requiring   any   physician    to   report 


114  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

'  all  cases  of  contagious  or  infectious  diseases'  to  the 
Health  Officer ;  that  the  Health  Officer  under  said  Code 
has  the  right  to  enter  any  hospital  and  require  the  physi- 
cians in  attendance  to  adopt  his  plans  and  ideas  for  '  venti- 
lation or  other  hygienic  measures ;'  or  that  any  possible 
conflict  in  regard  to  dispensaries  and  physicians  to  the 
poor  can  possibly  exist  between  '  the  regular  physician  and 
the  homeopathic  health  officer,'  no  allusion  being  made 
in  the  remotest  degree,  in  any  part  of  said  Code,  to  such 
'dispensaries'  or  'physicians  to  the  poor,'  as  every  citizen 
may  know  by  reference  to  the  printed  message  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, in  which  is  enclosed  the  authorized  draft  of  the 
Code. 

'•'■Resolved^  That  the  Board  of  Health  has  nothing  what- 
ever to  do  with  the  profession  or  occupation  of  any  gen- 
tleman whom  the  Executive  of  the  nation  has  thought 
proper  to  designate  as  a  member  of  the  same  ;  that  it  does 
not  concern  them  whether  such  member  belongs  to  the 
homeopathic  or  allopathic  school  of  medicine ;  that  no 
principle  of  practice  (which  constitutes  the  difference  be- 
tween the  two  classes  of  practitioners)  is  involved  in  the 
operations  of  the  Board  ;  and  that,  in  their  judgment,  an 
educated  homeopathic  physician  is  fully  as  competent  to 
judge  of  and  direct  the  rules  of  hygiene  as  a  graduate  of 
any  other  school  of  medicine. 

'■''Resolved^  That  it  is  not  true,  as  stated,  that  a  homeo- 
pathic physician  has  never  been  recognized  in  the  organ- 
ization of  any  health  department,  as  the  sanitary  history  of 
many  cities  of  the  country  abundantly  attests ;  that 
the  most  prominent  medical  college  in  Europe,  all  of 
whose  professors  are  admitted  by  these  very  memorialists 
and  the  profession  at  large,  as  '  regular'  and  '  in  good 
standing'  includes,  and  has  for  years  included  in  its  fac- 
ulty, a  professor  of  homeopathy,  thereby  creating  a  direct 
professional  contact  and  intercourse  between  the  two 
branches  of  medical  practice. 

'■'•Resolved^  That  Dr.  Verdi,  having  received  various 
diplomas  and  certificates  of  merit,  both  from  allopathic  and 
homeopathic  institutions  of  credit,  and  holding,  as  he  does, 
a  high  position   in   this  community  for  intelligence  and 


DISTRICT  OF  COI.UMBIA  II  5 

zeal  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  same,  is  entitled  to 
our  confidence,  and  is  a  suitable  person,  in  our  judgment,  to 
hold  a  place  in  the  Board  of  Health  ;  that  the  Board  regards 
the  assault  thus  made  upon  Dr.  Verdi  as  the  offspring  of 
personal  malignity,  of  a  reckless  and  disorganizing  temper, 
and  not  as  springing  from  any  honest  desire  to  conserve  the 
public  health  or  promote  the  welfare  of  the  District. 

^''Resolved^  That  we  call  upon  all  citizens  who  have  the 
good  of  the  District  at  heart  to  frown  down  at  once  this 
attempt  to  subvert  the  purposes  and  aims  of  one  of  its  most 
useful  and  self-sacrificing  institutions  ;  an  attempt  prompt- 
ed only  by  prejudice  and  personal  hostility." 

The  minutes  of  the  Society  do  not  record  any  further 
action  in  this  matter.  Apparently  the  Society  and  the 
Board  were  more  or  less  in  harmony  thereafter,  because  no 
further  reference  to  the  Board  appears  on  the  minutes. 

The  Board  of  Health  ceased  to  exist  in  1878,  when  it 
was  nominally  replaced  by  a  single-headed  Department  of 
Health.  So  far  as  the  records  of  the  Society  show,  the  So- 
ciety worked  in  harmony  with  the  Health  Officer,  taking, 
however,  but  little  active  part  in  public  affairs  until  Febru- 
ary 7,  1894,  when,  on  motion  of  Dr.  G.  Lloyd  Magruder,  the 
Society  appointed  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Magru- 
der, W.  W.  Johnston  and  C.  M.  Hammett,  the  last  named 
being  then  Health  Officer  of  the  District,  to  investigate  and 
report  upon  the  prevalence  and  cause  of  typhoid  fever  in 
the  District.  The  report  of  that  Committee  was  submitted 
to  the  Society  June  6th,  and  was  subsequently  printed  as  a 
public  document,  being  probably  the  first  report  of  the 
kind  ever  so  printed.  The  action  of  the  Society  in  the 
matter  has  exercised  a  marked  influence  on  the  entire 
subsequent  work  of  the  Health  Department  and  on  the  re- 
lations between  the  Health  Department  and  the  Society. 
Nearly  all  the  important  legislation  relating  to  public 
health  in  the  District  of  Columbia  has  been  approved  by 


I  l6  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

the  Society,  which  has  worked  actively  to  promote  its  pas- 
sage. The  milk  law  of  1895  was  in  fact  drafted  by  the 
Society.  The  influence  of  the  Society  was  probably  the 
movinof  cause  leading  to  the  establishment  of  the  filtration 
plant,  and  determined  the  character  of  plant  that  should  be 
constructed.  Other  matters,  too,  owe  their  present  places 
on  the  statute  books,  to  a  large  extent  at  least,  to  the  stamp 
of  approval  that  the  Society  placed  upon  them.  Many  of 
these  are  treated  in  other  parts  of  this  volume,  to  which 
reference  should  be  made  for  further  information  concern- 
ing them. 

It  may  be  added  that  the  change  of  Health  Officer  in 
1894  was  brought  about  through  a  request  from  one  of 
the  Commissioners  of  the  District  to  members  of  the 
Society,  though  not  the  Society  itself,  to  name  some  one 
for  the  office. 

PRACTICAL    ANATOMY. 

February  3,  1869,  a  letter  to  the  Evening  Star  from  Dr. 
Adolph  Patze,  a  member  of  the  Society,  was  read.  It  re- 
lated to  a  recent  arrest  for  stealing  a  human  body  from  a 
cemetery,  and  suggested  the  usual  legal  provisions  for  ac- 
quiring bodies  for  dissection  purposes  that  avoid  the  neces- 
sity for  such  stealing. 

In  the  discussion  that  followed  Dr.  Noble  Young  called 
attention  to  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  dissecting  material, 
the  opprobrium  attached  to  the  way  in  which  it  was  usu- 
ally obtained  and  the  indisposition  of  members  of  Congress 
to  legalize  any  method  for  procuring  it.  Dr.  Liebermann 
also  discussed  the  wrong  and  objectionable  features  of 
"resurrection,"  and  referred  to  the  laws  in  Europe  govern- 
ing such  matters. 

The  letter  was  referred  to  a  special  committee,  consisting 
of  Drs.  Young,  Johnson  Eliot,  J.  Ford  Thompson,  W.  P. 


DISTRICT  OF  COI,UMBIA  I  I  7 

Johnston  and  Wm,  Marbury,  these  persons  representing 
the  two  medical  colleges,  as  well  as  the  Society.  May 
19th,  the  committee,  withont  making  any  report,  was  dis- 
charged. 

May  10,  1876,  the  draft  of  a  bill  regulating  dissecting 
material  in  this  District,  was  presented  to  the  Society  ;  it 
originated  with  the  Naval  Medical  Corps.  The  Society 
referred  it  to  a  committee — Drs.  Busey,  W.  H.  Triplett 
and  J.  F.  Thompson.  Nothing,  apparently,  was  done  by 
the  committee,  and  it  does  not  appear  that  the  subject  ever 
again  came  before  the  Society. 

December  8th,  the  Society  ordered  that  a  petition  should 
be  presented  to  Congress  in  regard  to  the  standing  of  med- 
ical officers  of  the  Navy,  to  be  signed  by  the  President 
and  Secretary  of  the  Society,  and  have  the  seal  of  the  So- 
ciety attached. 

In  1870  the  Society  placed  itself  on  record  in  regard  to 
the  metric  system,  by  instructing  its  delegates  to  the  Phar- 
maceutical Convention — Drs.  Antisell,  Liebermann  and  B. 
F.  Craig — to  recommend  the  adoption  of  the  metric  system. 
May  12,  1880,  however,  when  the  question  came  up  again, 
the  Society  decided  against  any  such  recommendation. 

HOMEOPATHY. 

When  the  bill  creating  the  Washington  Homeopathic 
Medical  Society  was  introduced  into  Congress  the  matter 
was  brought  before  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Columbia.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the 
bill,  and  was  shortly  afterward  discharged,  because,  appar- 
ently, there  was  nothing  for  it  to  do.  It  seemed  useless  to 
oppose  the  bill,  which  passed  and  was  approved  April  22, 
1870.     Section  4  removed  homeopathic  practitioners  from 


Il8  MEDICAL,  SOCIETY 

examination  by  the  "  Board  of  Examiners,"  as  had  been  the 
law  under  the  charter  of  the  Medical  Society,  and  gave 
the  licensing  power  to  the  Washington  Homeopathic  Med- 
ical Society. 

March  i,  1871,  a  committee  of  three  was  appointed  by 
the  Medical  Society,  to  which  the  President  of  the  Society 
was  afterward  added,  to  enquire  into  and  report  upon  the 
exclusion  of  irregular  practitioners  from  the  position  of 
examining  surgeon  in  the  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau.  It  was 
stated  that  the  homeopathic  practitioners  throughout  the 
country  were  making  an  effort  to  secure  such  positions;  that 
the  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  Dr.  J.  N.  Van  Aernam,  who 
was  a  regular  practitioner,  had  removed  all  irregulars  from 
such  positions ;  and  that  the  homeopathic  physicians  had 
petitioned  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior,  of  which  the  Pension  Bureau  was  a 
part,  for  the  removal  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions. 

March  8th,  the  committee  reported,  and  the  report  was 
adopted  and  ordered  printed.  The  title  was  "  Report  of  a 
Special  Committee  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  upon  the  claims  of  homeopaths  and  other  irreg- 
ular practitioners  for  professional  recognition  in  the  med- 
ical service  of  the  U.  S.  Government ;  and  the  charges 
brought  against  the  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Army  and 
Navy  Pensions,  Washington,  187 1." 

It  will  suffice  here  to  state  the  conclusions  and  recom- 
mendations of  the  committee : 

"  Whereas,  The  large  majority  of  the  present  examin- 
ing surgeons  of  the  Pension  Bureau  have  served  in  the 
medical  corps  of  the  volunteer  forces  during  the  late  war; 
and  whereas,  none  but  regular  physicians  were  admitted 
into  that  corps  of  the  regular  army  and  navy,  and,  there- 
fore, none  but  regular  physicians  are  provided  with  the 
medical  experience  requisite  on  examining  boards  ;  there- 
fore 


DISTRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA  II9 

"  Resolved^  That  this  Society  deems  the  action  of  the 
Hon.  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  in  excluding  irregular 
practitioners  from  the  medical  examining  boards  under 
that  Bureau  as  made  in  the  best  interests  of  the  public  ser- 
vice, thereby  leading  to  uniformity  of  action,  increasing 
the  efficiency  of  the  Bureau  and  affording  to  the  pensioners 
the  benefit  of  the  most  skilled  advice  ;  and  it  is  earnestly 
hoped  that  the  Government  will  not  in  this  instance  disre- 
gard the  deliberate  and  expressed  conviction  of  the  whole 
legitimate  medical  profession  of  this  country  by  appointing 
to  medical  position  or  office  a  class  of  men  whose  practice 
is  not  based  on  experience  and  observation,  the  only  true 
groundwork  of  medical  progress,  but  upon  arbitrary  dicta, 
not  verified  after  nearly  a  century  of  trial,  and  which  are 
wholly  opposed  to  the  ordinary  exposition  of  the  natural 
laws  of  physical  science. 

"  Resolved^  That  a  copy  of  the  foregoing  resolution  be 
respectfully  forwarded  to  the  President  of  the  United  States 
and  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Interior." 

Within  the  past  fifteen  years,  and  especially  concerning 
the  District  Medical  Practice  Act,  the  Society  has  worked 
satisfactorily  with  the  Washington  Homeopathic  Medical 
Society  of  the  District  to  secure  legislation  that  would 
benefit  the  medical  profession  and  advance  the  sanitary 
interests  of  the  District. 

WOMEN    PHYSICIANS. 

The  first  difficulty  met  with  by  women  who  desired  to 
practice  in  this  District  was  in  obtaining  a  license  to 
practice.  Dr.  Mary  D.  Spackman  was  the  first  to  apply. 
Her  application  was  addressed  to  the  President  of  the  Medi- 
cal Society,  March  14,  1872.  The  Society,  April  loth, 
ordered  that  a  copy  of  the  charter  be  sent  to  her  and  that 
she  be  informed  that  under  the  charter  she  could  not  be 
granted  a  license.  The  letter  was  written  by  the  Corres- 
ponding   Secretary,   William   Lee,  April    i6th.     June  17, 


I20  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

1874,  it  was  reported  to  the  Society  that  the  Board  of  Ex- 
aminers had  likewise  refused  to  grant  a  license  to  Dr. 
Mary  A.  Parsons. 

This  condition  of  things  was,  of  course,  too  serious  to  go 
on  indefinitely,  and  an  effort  was  therefore  made  to  have 
the  charter  of  the  Society  amended  in  this  particular. 
Congress  was  appealed  to  and  amended  the  charter  March 
3d,  1875,  changing  the  word  "gentlemen"  to  "persons." 
March  17th  following,  Drs.  Spackman  and  Parsons  renewed 
their  applications  for  license,  and  of  course  received  them. 

When  women  physicians  first  applied  for  membership  in 
the  Society  there  was  opposition,  and  it  was  a  long  time  be- 
fore the  first  woman  member,  Dr.  Parsons,  was  elected.  De- 
cember 29,  1876,  Dr.  Parsons  applied,  but  April  4,  1877, 
the  date  of  election,  she  received  but  5  affirmative  with  18 
negative  votes.  She  applied  again  January  7,  1878  ;  at  the 
election,  April  3d,  the  report  of  the  Censors  was  favorable, 
except  that  Dr.  Busey  dissented.  She  failed  of  election  ; 
the  record  does  not  show  the  number  of  ballots.  January 
6,  1879,  she  again  applied,  and  April  2d,  again  failed  of 
election;  no  details  are  given.  In  July,  1888,  she  again 
applied,  and  was  elected  October  3d;  the  vote  was  17  af- 
firmative, 2  negative. 

July  6,  1 891,  Drs.  Mary  D.  Spackman  and  Amelia  Er- 
bach  applied.  At  the  date  of  election,  October  7th,  Dr. 
Spackman  was  rejected,  the  vote  being  15  to  14.  Dr.  Er- 
bach  was  elected,  the  vote  being  23  to  6. 

After  this  date  the  only  opposition  to  the  admission  of 
women  as  members  was  confined  to  a  few  votes,  which  did 
not  prevent  election.  April  6,  1892,  Drs.  Ida  J.  Heiberger 
and  Jeannette  J.  Sumner  were  elected;  April  5,  1893,  Dr. 
Mayne  M.  Pile ;  October  3,  1894,  Drs.  Anne  A.  Wilson, 
Anita  N.  McGee  and  Nancy  D.  Richards.  In  1896,  Drs. 
Sophie   A.    NordhofF,   Ada  R.  Thomas,   Abbie   C.  Tyler, 


'cr3CZZ]CIZ3CniC3CZ3 


SMITH   TOWNSHEND 


32 


DISTRICT  OF  COIA^MBIA  121 

Phoebe  R.  Norris,  Susan  J.  Squire  and  Adeline  E.  Port- 
man.  In  1898,  Dr.  Isabel  Haslup.  In  1900,  Drs.  A. 
Frances  Foye  and  Kathryn  Lorigan.  In  1901,  Dr.  E.  B. 
Muncey.  In  1902,  Drs.  M,  Louise  Strobel  and  Edith  L. 
Maddren.  In  1903,  Dr.  Laura  M.  Reville.  In  1904,  Drs. 
B.  Rosalie  Slaughter,  B.  A.  Crush,  L.  Tayler-Jones,  Mary 
Holmes  and  Anna  Bartsch.  In  1906,  Dr.  Emma  L.  Erving. 
In  1907,  Dr.  E.  Corey  Starr.  In  1908,  Dr.  Mary  O'Malley. 
January  7,  1901,  Dr.  Mary  Parsons  was  elected  a  Vice 
President  of  the  Society.  December  18,  1901,  in  express- 
ing her  thanks  for  the  election,  she  stated  that  she  had 
failed  to  do  so  at  the  time  of  election  because  she  was  so 
taken  by  surprise  that  she  did  not  fully  realize  what  it 
meant  to  her.  But  she  had  found  this  out  week  by  week 
ever  afterwards.  It  meant  more  to  her  than  it  could  possi- 
bly mean  to  any  man,  and  perhaps  more  than  to  any  other 
woman.  The  year  had  been  the  happiest  of  her  profes- 
sional life. 

CERTIFICATES   OF   ILLNESS. 

December  4,  1872,  Dr.  Lovejoy  called  attention  to  the 
fact  that  he  had  been  required  in  the  case  of  an  employee 
of  a  Government  Department  in  Washington  to  state  in 
the  certificate  of  illness  the  name  of  the  disease  from  which 
the  patient  suffered,  otherwise  the  clerk  would  lose  his  pay 
for  the  period  of  absence.  The  subject  was  discussed,  and 
finally  the  President  and  the  two  Vice  Presidents  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  lay  the  matter  before  the  Attorney 
General  of  the  United  States  for  his  opinion  and  decision. 
January  29,  1873,  the  committee,  having  no  report  to  make, 
was  discharged,  and  the  matter  was  dropped. 

November  10,  1886,  Dr.  T.  C.  Smith  moved  that  the 
President  appoint  a  committee  of  three  to  interview  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  regard  to  the  order  of  General 
J.  C.  Black,  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  that  physicians 


122  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

should  specify  on  sick  certificates  of  clerks  in  the  Pension 
Office  the  disease  for  which  they  were  being  treated.  Dr. 
Smith  had  given  a  certificate  to  his  patient  and  it  was 
returned  with  the  request  that  he  specify  the  disease  for 
which  it  was  given.  This  he  refused  to  do  and  it  was 
again  returned,  with  the  information  that  unless  the  dis- 
ease was  specified  the  man  would  lose  about  $40  pay.  Dr. 
Smith  had  again  refused  to  accede  to  the  request.  Dr.  T. 
E.  McArdle  seconded  the  motion,  and  stated  that  he  had 
attended  a  clerk  in  a  like  position  who  was  liable  to  lose 
$150  pay.  Dr.  Busey  hoped  that  the  question  would  not 
be  pressed,  as  he  thought  that  it  was  for  the  Medical  As- 
sociation of  the  District  to  consider  all  such  questions,  and 
moved  as  a  substitute,  that  the  President  of  the  Society 
request  the  Medical  Association  to  take  up  the  matter. 

January  31,  1894,  the  attention  of  the  Society  was  called 
to  the  fact  that  a  recent  order  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  appointed  a  member  of  the  Marine  Hospital 
Service  to  investigate  all  cases  of  illness  reported  to  that 
ofifice,  even  when  they  presented  the  certificate  of  a  physi- 
cian. This  appeared  like  an  insult  to  the  profession  of  the 
District.  A  committee — Drs.  T.  E.  McArdle,  G.  N.  Acker 
and  G.  Wythe  Cook — was  appointed  to  inquire  into  the 
matter.  The  committee  reported,  February  7th,  that  after 
consulting  the  Supervising  Surgeon  General  of  the  Marine 
Hospital  Service  it  believed  that  there  was  no  intention  of 
infringing  on  the  rights  of  the  members  of  the  Society. 
The  report  was  adopted. 

COMPENSATION   TO   THE   OFFICERS   OF   THE    SOCIETY. 

The  question  of  compensation  to  officers  of  the  Society 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  raised  for  very  many  years ; 
in  fact,  until  1865,  when  Dr.  A.  F.  A.  King  began  to  keep 
a  record  of  the  proceedings,  the  work  of  the  officers  appar- 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  I  23 

ently  was  not  onerous.  But  Drs.  King  and  Wm.  Lee  and 
afterwards  Dr.  Kleinschmidt  gave  much  time  and  labor  to 
the  office  of  Recording  Secretary,  and  while  Dr.  Klein- 
schmidt was  serving,  a  resolution  was  offered,  May  13,  1874, 
to  pay  him  $200  a  year ;  after  discussion  the  resolution 
was  withdrawn.  It  was,  however,  the  entering  wedge,  and 
January  4,  1875,  the  Society  appropriated  $50  to  make  him 
a  "  present."  January  27th,  the  committee  charged  with 
procuring  the  present  reported  that  it  had  given  the  "  check" 
to  the  Secretary.  Again,  December  2 2d  of  the  same  year, 
the  Society  appropriated  $75  to  be  given  to  that  officer. 
January  6,  1879,  it  was  ordered  that  $25  be  paid  quarterly, 
and  the  same  amount  was  again  ordered  February  4,  1880. 

In  October,  1881,  Dr.  Kleinschmidt  resigned  as  Record- 
ing Secretary,  and  October  19th  Dr.  J.  Ford  Thompson 
moved  to  cease  paying  any  salary  to  the  member  holding 
that  office.  The  motion  was  adopted.  Dr.  T.  E.  McArdle 
was  elected  to  the  office,  and  January  2,  1882,  Dr.  Thomp- 
son moved  that  the  salary  be  restored,  and  it  was  done. 
From  this  time  a  salary  was  regularly  paid  each  year. 
January  2,  1882,  Dr.  Patze  was  also  given  an  honorarium 
of  $100  in  recognition  of  his  long  service  as  Librarian. 

September  28,  1887,  the  Society  ordered  that  the  com- 
pensation of  the  Recording  Secretary  should  be  $200  a  year. 

January  7,  1889,  it  was  ordered  that  the  compensation  of 
the  Treasurer  should  be  $50  a  year.  January  4,  1897,  the 
compensation  was  increased  to  $100,  and  to  $200  January 
6,  1908. 

January  14,  1891,  it  was  ordered  that  an  appropriation 
of  $25  should  be  given  to  the  Corresponding  Secretary  for 
addressing  postal  cards.  The  same  was  done  again  Jan- 
uary 4,  1892.  In  subsequent  years  this  sum  was  included 
and  paid  as  part  of  the  bill  annually  rendered  by  the  Cor- 
responding Secretary. 


124  MEDICAI,  SOCIETY 

February  6,  1895,  the  Society  created  the  office  of  As- 
sistant Recording  Secretary,  and  ordered  that  the  compen- 
sation should  be  $3  per  meeting  for  active  service. 

In  1875,  Dr.  Busey  was  elected  delegate  to  the  Inter- 
national Medical  Congress  held  in  Philadelphia  in  Sep- 
tember, 1876. 

THE    NATIONAL   SURGICAL    INSTITUTE    OF    THE    DISTRICT 
OF   COLUMBIA. 

A  bill  was  introduced  in  Congress  in  1876,  to  charter 
a  "  National  Surgical  Institute  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia." March  15th,  the  matter  was  brought  to  the  attention 
of  the  Medical  Society  and  a  committee  was  appointed, 
consisting  of  Drs.  W.  H.  Triplett,  J.  Ford  Thompson,  A. 
Y.  P.  Garnett,  R.  Reyburn  and  S.  C.  Busey,  to  oppose  the 
bill.  [The  same  committee  was  also  instructed  to  oppose 
another  bill  which  provided  for  an  annual  tax  of  $25  on  phy- 
sicians.] April  29th,  Dr.  Garnett  stated  that  some  mem- 
bers of  Congress  were  disposed  to  report  favorably  on  the 
bill,  and  the  Society  therefore  ordered  copies  of  the  bill  to 
be  printed,  to  which  a  protest  should  be  added,  and  the 
matter  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  medical  societies 
throughout  the  country,  with  a  request  for  them  to  use 
their  influence  immediately  to  prevent  the  passage  of  the 
bill.  The  presidents  of  scientific  and  educational  institu- 
tions in  the  District  of  Columbia  were  also  asked  to  assist. 

This  Institute  was  to  be  a  corporation,  with  a  capital  of 
$500,000 — divided  into  shares  of  $100  each.  Its  objects 
were  the  treatment  of  surgical  cases,  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  surgical  instruments  and  appliances,  the  establish- 
ment of  a  college  of  surgery,  the  teaching  of  surgery  in  all 
its  branches  and  the  establishment  of  a  surgical  hospital. 

The  protest  was  as  follows  : 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  1 25 

"7<?  the  Ho7iorable  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled :  The 
undersigned,  the  officers  and  a  committee  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  in  pursuance  of  in- 
structions of  said  Society,  respectfully  protest  against  the 
passage  of  the  bill  entitled  'A  Bill  to  incorporate  the  Na- 
tional Surgical  Institute  of  the  District  of  Columbia,'  for 
the  following  reasons,  to  wit : 

"  I.  There  are  hospitals  providing  ample  accommoda- 
tions for  the  treatment  of  surgical  diseases  in  successful 
operation  in  this  District,  in  which  all  such  diseases  as  are 
described  in  said  bill  are  treated  according  to  the  most 
approved  methods  ;  and  if  the  persons  named  in  said  bill 
are  possessed  of  any  special  skill,  unusual  dexterity,  or  ex- 
traordinary proficiency  in  the  art  and  science  of  surgery,  no 
protection  is  needed  from  the  National  Government  to  in- 
sure their  success  when  brought  in  open  competition  with 
others  pursuing  the  same  profession. 

"  2.  If  these  gentlemen  desire  to  practice  their  profession 
there  is  nothing  to  prevent  their  doing  so  in  this,  or  any 
other  locality  ;  but  to  establish  a  gigantic  corporation  of 
this  description  is  simply  using  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  for  an  advertisement,  and  it  would  be  a  wrong  upon 
the  profession  of  medicine  to  confer  special  privileges  upon 
any  organization  of  men,  or  even  by  implication  to  ac- 
knowledge by  an  act  of  incorporation  that  any  man  or  set 
of  men  can,  or  should  claim  as  a  vested  right,  any  method 
of  treatment  or  surgical  appliance  as  his  or  their  exclusive 
property,  with  the  sole  right  of  use  and  application. 

"  3.  Such  an  act  of  incorporation  would  be  simply  an 
instrumentality  whereby  certain  men  would  become  en- 
riched at  the  expense  of  the  health  and  lives  of  their  un- 
fortunate victims,  and  would  be  derogatory  to  the  dignity 
of  the  medical  profession,  detrimental  to  the  interests  of 
the  community  at  large  and  afford  opportunity  to  charla- 
tans and  unprincipled  persons  to  covertly  conceal  their 
blunders  under  the  protecting  aegis  of  an  act  of  incorpora- 
tion. 

"4.  Another  provision  of  said  bill  authorizes  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  'school  of  sureerv  for  teachine  the  science 


126  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

and  practice  of  surgery  in  all  its  branches.'  This,  in  other 
words,  establishes  a  medical  college  for  the  instruction, 
alone,  in  one  branch  of  medicine,  with  the  full  power  to 
send  forth  its  alumni  as  competent  to  practice  that  one 
branch,  without  a  full,  complete  and  necessary  medical 
education,  thus  omitting  entirely  the  usual  safeguards  and 
restrictions  which  have  been  found  necessary  to  prevent 
unprincipled  men  from  establishing  '  bogus  colleges'  and 
selling  diplomas  to  unqualified  persons. 

"  5.  In  conclusion,  may  we  not  respectfully  inquire  if 
this  may  not  be  an  effort  to  commit  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  to  the  exercise  of  a  doubtful  power,  in  estab- 
lishing an  institution  which  purports  to  be  local  in  its 
character,  but  which  may  eventually  endeavor  to  extend 
the  operation  of  its  special  privileges  over  the  entire  coun- 
try, by  virtue  of  the  authority  received  from  the  General 
Government." 

Signed  by  Drs.  N.  S.  Lincoln,  President;  C.  H.  A. 
Kleinschmidt,  Secretary  ;  A.  Y.  P.  Garnett,  J.  F.  Thomp- 
son, R.  Reyburn,  W.  H.  Triplett  and  S.  C.  Busey,  Com- 
mittee. 

The  bill  failed  to  pass. 

October  11,  1876,  a  committee — Drs.  A.  Y.  P.  Garnett,  S. 
C.  Busey,  J.  W.  H.  Lovejoy,  R.  Reyburn  and  J.  E.  Morgan — 
was  appointed,  to  confer  with  the  Congressional  Committee 
having  in  charge  the  framing  of  a  new  form  of  government 
for  the  District.  January  7,  1878,  Drs.  J,  Ford  Thompson, 
Busey,  Lovejoy,  N.  S.  Lincoln,  J.  M.  Toner,  T.  Antisell 
and  Garnett  were  appointed  a  committee  to  watch  over  the 
interests  of  the  profession  in  the  District  in  the  proposed 
bill. 

February  7,  1877,  the  President  of  the  Society  called 
attention  to  the  rule  requiring  officers  to  occupy  seats  on 
the  platform  ;  thereupon  the  Society  rescinded  the  rule. 

July  2d,  Dr.  Antisell  favored  uniting  the  Medical  Soci- 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  1 27 

ety  and  Medical  Association  and  asking  Congress  for  a  new 
charter,  and  moved  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to 
consider  the  matter.  Dr.  J.  E.  Morgan  thought  that  such 
a  movement  would  get  the  Society  into  difficulty  with 
Congress  and  force  persons  on  the  Society  whom  it  did  not 
want.  Dr.  C.  Boyle  moved  to  lay  the  motion  on  the  table, 
but  as  there  was  no  quorum  no  action  was  taken. 

July  loth,  a  special  meeting  was  held  to  contradict  in 
some  authoritative  way  reports  throughout  the  country 
that  there  was  a  severe  epidemic  in  Washington — reports 
calculated  to  do  harm  to  the  business  interests  of  the  city. 
Drs.  Garnett,  Lovejoy,  D.  W.  Prentiss,  E.  M.  Schaeffer 
and  Geo.  McCoy  were  appointed  a  committee  to  prepare 
suitable  resolutions.  The  committee  reported  resolutions, 
which  were  adopted,  stating  that  the  above-mentioned  re- 
ports were  false  in  every  particular  and  that  the  health 
conditions  of  the  city  were  even  better  than  usual,  and  re- 
questing the  local  press,  as  well  as  newspapers  elsewhere, 
to  contradict  the  reports. 

COMPLIMENTARY    ACTION    OF    THE    SOCIETY    TO    CERTAIN 

MEMBERS. 

March  13,  1878,  Dr.  Lovejoy  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that  some  members  of  the  Society  had  been  practitioners 
for  fifty  years  or  more,  and  thought  that  the  Society  should 
take  some  appropriate  action  in  regard  thereto.  A  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  take  proper  sLeps  in  that  direction, 
and  by  vote  of  the  Society  the  name  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Blake 
was  included,  although  he  was  not  then  a  practitioner  of 
medicine.  Drs.  Lovejoy,  Toner  and  Mackall  were  the 
committee,  which  reported  March  20th,  as  follows : 

"  Whereas,  Harvey  Lindsly,  M.  D.  ;  Jas.  C.  Hall,  M. 
D.  ;  Joseph  Borrows,  M.  D.,  and  Noble  Young,  M.  D., 
members  of  the  Society,  whose  names  appear  in  the  act  of 


128  MEDICAI,  SOCIETY 

incorporation  reviving  the  charter  of  the  Society,  have  now 
passed  through  fifty  years  of  continuous  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  this  District ;  and  whereas,  these  gentlemen  have 
during  the  whole  of  this  long  period  retained  the  respect 
and  esteem  of  their  brethren  in  the  profession  and  of  the 
community  at  large,  inspiring  with  each  revolving  year 
increasing  confidence ; 

"  Therefore  Resolved^  That  this  Society  takes  pleasure 
in  calling  the  attention  of  its  members  to  such  notable  ex- 
amples of  a  career  passed  in  the  honorable  and  conscien- 
tious performance  of  the  duties  of  life. 

'■''Resolved^  That  the  Society  congratulate  the  above  men- 
tioned gentlemen  upon  the  completion  of  half  a  century  of 
usefulness  in  the  profession  and  upon  the  honors  and  pros- 
perity to  which  they  have  so  deservedly  attained. 

^'-Resolved,  That  the  Society  trusts  that  there  may  be  in 
reserve  for  them  many  more  years  of  happiness  and  useful- 
ness, and  that  when  in  the  fulness  of  time  the  last  claim  of 
nature  shall  be  made,  they  may  each  approach  the  inevit- 
able hour  '  like  one  who  wraps  the  drapery  of  his  couch 
about  him  and  lies  down  to  pleasant  dreams.' 

"  Whereas,  John  B.  Blake,  M.  D.,  a  member  of  this 
Society,  whose  name  appears  in  the  act  of  incorporation 
reviving  the  charter  of  the  Society,  has  now  passed  through 
more  than  fifty  years  from  the  date  of  his  graduation  in 
medicine ;  and  whereas,  Dr.  Blake  has  throughout  that 
long  period  continued  his  affiliation  with  the  Society, 
though  many  years  since  it  was  his  choice  to  retire  from 
the  active  practice  of  medicine  and  engage  in  other  pur- 
suits in  which  he  has  obtained  distinction  and  emolument; 

"  Therefore  Resolved,  That  this  Society  congratulates 
him  upon  the  completion  of  more  than  half  a  century  of 
connection  with  the  medical  profession,  and  hopes  that  he 
may  enjoy  yet  many  years  as  happy  and  peaceful  as  his  life 
heretofore  has  been  prosperous  and  honorable. 

^''Resolved,  That  the  eminent  gentlemen  named  in  the 
resolutions  be  requested  at  their  earliest  convenience  to 
reduce  to  form  and  convey  by  letter  their  reminiscences 
and  observations  on  interestinsf  facts  in  medicine  and  of 


I    FREDERICK   C.  VAN  VLIET 

JoY.ce  Cnq.  Co. £ 


34 


DISTRICT  OF  COIvUMBIA  1 29 

noted  persons  and  occurrences  that  may  have  interested 
them  as  practicing  physicians  at  the  Capital  of  our  coun- 
try, to  be  preserved  as  a  legacy  of  the  Society." 

In  reply,  the  following  letters  were  received  :  Dr.  Blake, 
March  23d,  said  that  the  resolutions  were  to  him  a  mark 
of  respect  to  which  he  had  no  claim,  and  were,  therefore, 
the  more  highly  prized.  Dr.  Hall  said,  March  22d,  that 
the  resolutions  were  an  honor  greater  than  any  popular 
applause  and  purer  than  any  material  success.  He  stated 
that  he  had  ever  had  the  most  friendly  and  pleasant  rela- 
tions with  his  fellow  practitioners,  and  that  no  personal 
differences  ever  interrupted  their  professional  intercourse. 
Dr.  Ivindsly,  March  25th,  said  that  the  approbation  and 
esteem  of  his  professional  brethren  he  considered  the  high- 
est compliment  to  his  character  and  conduct ;  physicians 
were  the  best  judges  of  other  physicians'  merits  and  defi- 
ciencies. He  had  never  knowingly  violated  any  rule  of 
medical  etiquette  or  done  or  said  anything  to  injure  a 
brother.  He  had  the  kindest  feelings  of  friendship  and 
respect  for  every  member  of  the  Society.  He  hoped  for 
harmony  among  the  medical  brethren  of  the  District. 

September  i8th,  Dr.  Toner  offered  a  resolution  in  regard 
to  Dr.  Johnson  Eliot,  who  was  and  had  been  ill  for  a  long 
time.  The  illness  was  contracted  in  the  discharge  of  his 
professional  duties.  The  Society  conveyed  to  him  its  sym- 
pathy and  its  gratification  at  the  news  that  he  was  rapidly 
convalescing.  To  this  Dr.  Eliot  replied,  September  25th, 
that  the  action  of  the  Society  was  quite  unexpected  but 
gratifying,  and  afforded  him  great  consolation  in  his  ill- 
ness. His  ambition  had  always  been  to  merit  the  good 
wishes  and  esteem  of  his  professional  brethren. 

December  13,  1896,  the  Society  adopted  the  following 
resolution  in  regard  to  Dr.  J.  H.  Mundell : 


130  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

"  Whereas,  Dr.  John  Hodges  Mundell,  for  many  years 
a  member  in  good  standing  in  this  Society,  having  attained 
the  fiftieth  year  of  his  connection  with  the  medical  profes- 
sion, during  which  period  his  upright,  honorable  conduct 
has  won  for  him  the  esteem,  respect  and  confidence  of  his 
associates ;  and  the  Medical  Society  desiring  to  manifest 
its  appreciation  of  his  many  eminent  qualifications,  adopts 
the  following  resolution : 

^'■Resolved^  That  the  Medical  Society  extends  to  Dr. 
Mundell  its  warmest  congratulations  on  the  occasion  of  his 
half-century  identification  with  the  medical  profession, 
during  which  time  he  has  been  deservedly  honored  by  his 
professional  brethren  because  of  his  high  character  as  a 
gentleman  and  physician.  He  has  been  faithful  to  his 
obligations,  has  satisfactorily  performed  the  duties  imposed 
upon  him  by  the  Society,  has  earned  and  retained  the  good 
will  and  confidence  of  his  associates  and  has  lived  a  life 
worthy  of  emulation  and  commendation.  The  Society 
takes  pleasure  in  calling  the  attention  of  the  profession  to 
the  blameless  life  of  our  honored  and  honorable  associate, 
and  proffers  him  the  kindest  and  heartiest  wishes  for  a  con- 
tinuance for  many  years  of  his  long  and  useful  life  and  the 
hope  that  health  and  happiness  may  be  his  to  the  end." 

April  6,  1898,  the  Society  adopted  the  following  resolu- 
tion in  regard  to  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  graduation 
of  Dr.  Busey  in  medicine  :* 

"Whereas,  Samuel  C.  Busey,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  President 
of  this  Society,  will  in  a  few  days  have  passed  through  fifty 
years  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  this  community,  during 
which  time  he  has  faithfully  served  the  Society  as  Presi- 
dent, Censor,  member  of  important  committees  and  in 
many  other  ways,  and  is  now  the  only  practitioner  among 
us  who  has  been  in  practice  so  long  a  period  ;  that  he  has 
always  been  prompt  in  maintaining  the  honor,  dignity, 
rights  and  interests  of  the  medical  profession  before  Con- 
gress and  the  community  ;   that  his   services  in  securing 

*  See  Trans.,  1898,  III,  p.  79. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  I3I 

needed  legislation  for  the  protection  of  the  public  from  ig- 
norant and  unlicensed  practitioners,  for  the  protection  of 
physicians  before  the  courts  of  law,  for  the  prevention  of 
contagious  diseases,  and  in  advocating  other  measures 
which  he  has  furthered  by  his  industry  and  influence,  will 
ever  be  remembered.  Resolved^  That  this  Society  takes 
pleasure  in  calling  the  attention  of  its  members  to  such  a 
notable  example  of  a  career  passed  in  the  honorable  and 
conscientious  performance  of  the  duties  of  life." 

January  14,  1903,  the  Society  formally  endorsed  a  pro- 
posed memorial  to  Dr.  Walter  Reed,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army, 
Chairman  of  the  U.  S.  A.  Yellow  Fever  Commission. 
January  27,  1904,  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  F.  S. 
Nash,  G.  Wythe  Cook  and  A.  F.  A.  King,  was  appointed 
to  confer  with  other  similar  committees  upon  the  subject 
of  the  memorial.  May  nth,  Drs.  Cook,  D.  P.  Hickling 
and  E.  W.  Reisinger  were  appointed  a  committee  to  collect 
subscriptions.  May  25th,  the  committee  reported  that  it 
had  with  other  gentlemen  incorporated,  and  had  elected  a 
board  of  managers  to  collect  funds ;  of  this  Board,  Pres. 
Oilman,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  was  President,  and 
Dr.  Calvin  DeWitt,  U.  S.  Army,  Secretary.  January  16, 
1907,  Dr.  Cook  made  a  final  report  of  the  moneys  collected, 
and  the  Society  appropriated  $500  to  the  fund,  to  be  added 
to  the  collections  made  by  the  committee.*  It  may  be 
mentioned  here  that  an  address  by  Dr.  W.  C.  Borden, 
U.  S.  A.,  before  the  Society,  October  3,  1906,  was  on  the 
subject  "  The  Walter  Reed  U.  S.  Army  General  Hospital, 
District  of  Columbia." 

March  28,  1906,  the  Society  adopted  a  complimentary 
resolution  to  Dr.  Louis  Mackall,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  he 
had  been  a  member  of  the  Society  over  fifty  years,  had 
been  a  graduate  in  medicine  fifty-five  years  and  was  nearly 

*See  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1907-8,  VI,  p.  52. 


132  MEDICAL  -SOCIETY 

seventy-five  years  old.  A  committee — Drs.  S.  S.  Adams, 
D.  S.  Lamb  and  G.  Wythe  Cook — was  appointed  to  arrange 
for  some  further  action  by  the  Society.  Pending  the  action 
of  the  committee  Dr.  Mackall  died  and  a  memorial  meet- 
ing was  held. 

January  16,  1907,  the  Society  adopted  a  resolution  con- 
gratulating Dr.  Wm.  A.  White,  Superintendent  of  the 
Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Washington,  on  the 
vindication  he  had  received  from  Congress  in  regard  to  his 
administration  of  his  office. 

February  6th,  the  Society  adopted  a  resolution  congrat- 
ulating Dr.  Robert  Reyburn  on  his  attainment  of  a  half 
century  in  the  practice  of  medicine.  "  Deserving  and  pos- 
sessing, as  he  does,  the  respect,  esteem  and  confidence  of 
the  medical  profession  and  the  community,  the  Society 
expresses  its  hearty  good  wishes,  with  the  hope  that  Dr. 
Reyburn's  life  of  usefulness  may  be  greatly  prolonged." 

February  20th,  the  Society  decided  to  give  an  entertain- 
ment in  honor  of  Dr.  J.  Ford  Thompson,  on  the  attainment 
of  his  seventieth  birthday  and  the  fiftieth  year  of  his  pro- 
fessional life  ;  and  a  committee,  to  consist  of  representatives 
from  the  institutions  with  which  Dr.  Thompson  was  con- 
nected, was  appointed  to  arrange  the  details  of  the  enter- 
tainment, which  was  given  March  2d,  at  "  Rauscher's."* 

March  20th,  on  recommendation  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, the  Society  passed  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Dr.  G. 
Lloyd  Magruder  "  for  his  excellent  work  in  seeking  the 
source  of  contamination  of  the  milk  supply  in  the  District 
of  Columbia." 

May  13,  1908,  the  Society  congratulated  Dr.  G.  M. 
Kober  on  the  distinction  of  having  been  invited  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States  to  address  the  Conference  of 
Governors  on  "  Public  Sanitation." 

*  See  Annals.  VI,  1907,  pp.  93  el  seg.,  and  167. 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  I33 

March  lo,  1909,  the  Society  congratulated  Dr.  J.  T. 
Howard  on  his  having  practiced  medicine  fifty  years  and 
been  a  member  of  the  Society  forty-five  years,  and  on  his 
exemplary  character  as  a  practitioner ;  and  expressed  the 
hope  that  his  useful  and  honorable  life  might  be  prolonged 
many  years. 

March  24th,  resolutions  were  adopted  in  regard  to  Dr. 
Harvey  W.  Wiley,  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  a 
member  of  the  Society  by  invitation,  setting  forth  that  he 
was  a  man  of  sterling  integrity,  courage  and  persistent 
justice,  an  accomplished  and  skillful  chemist ;  commending 
and  endorsing  his  arduous  and  difficult  work  in  protecting 
the  American  people  from  poisons,  impurities  and  adultera- 
tions in  their  foods,  drinks  and  medicinal  remedies ;  and 
trusting  that  his  humane  efforts  would  be  generously  sus- 
tained by  the  Government,  supported  by  the  cordial  sym- 
pathy of  the  profession  and  encouraged  by  the  sincere 
appreciation  of  a  grateful  people. 

February  5,  1879,  a  committee  was  appointed — Drs.  A. 
Y.  P.  Garnett,  S.  C.  Busey,  J.  M.  Toner,  J.  Eliot,  J.  Ford 
Thompson  and  D.  R.  Hagner — to  represent  to  Congress  the 
injustice  of  imposing  a  license  fee  on  physicians,  and  to  do 
all  in  their  power  to  prevent  the  enactment  of  the  bill. 
December  17th,  the  committee  was  reappointed,  and  Janu- 
ary 28,  1880,  it  reported  that  the  matter  had  been  dropped. 

THE  REGULATION  OF  THE    PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE  IN  THE 
DISTRICT    OF   COLUMBIA. 

October  27,  1880,  Dr.  Ralph  Walsh  moved  that  a  com- 
mittee be  appointed  to  frame  a  bill  to  regulate  the  practice 
of  medicine  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  report  to  the 
Society.  The  discussion  on  the  motion  showed  that  the 
Society  preferred  to  leave  the  matter  to  a  general  conven- 
tion of  the  profession. 


134  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

March  12,  1886,  a  petition  was  presented  to  the  Soci- 
ety urging  the  passage  of  a  bill  by  Congress  to  regulate  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  the  District.  It  was  laid  on  the 
table.      [No  details  are  given.] 

January  29,  1890,  the  attention  of  the  Society  was  called 
to  the  fact  that  a  bill  had  been  introduced  in  the  Senate  by 
Senator  Ingalls  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the 
District.  The  Society  instructed  the  Board  of  Examiners 
to  procure  a  copy  of  the  bill,  ascertain  its  author,  examine 
into  its  merits,  and  report.  February  5th,  the  Board  re- 
ported that  the  bill  had  been  introduced  in  the  Senate 
January  30th,  and  the  author  of  the  bill  was  Dr.  J.  M.  Car- 
roll. The  Board  also  stated  its  objections  to  the  bill.  The 
subject  was  discussed  and  decision  postponed.  February 
19th,  the  report  of  the  Board  was  adopted  and  a  committee 
appointed,  consisting  of  Drs.  R.  T.  Edes,  J.  M.  Toner, 
G.  N.  Acker,  G.  Wythe  Cook  and  J.  B.  Hamilton,  to  secure 
the  passage  of  a  law  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  the  District ;  that,  if  practicable,  such  a  law  should  be 
an  amendment  to  the  charter  of  the  Society,  granting  it 
the  power  to  regulate  the  practice.  The  committee  reported 
March  5th,  a  majority  and  minority  report ;  two  distinct 
bills.  The  question  was  whether  to  have  a  new  bill  or 
one  that  simply  amended  the  charter ;  the  Society  voted 
for  a  new  bill,  which  also  would  amend  the  charter. 
Amendments  were  made  and  the  bill  as  amended  adopted 
by  the  Society,  March  19th.  [The  details  of  the  bill  are 
not  given.] 

May  28th,  the  Secretary  stated  that  the  subcommittee 
of  the  Senate  had  reported  to  the  Senate  the  bill  originally 
prepared  by  Dr.  Carroll,  with  a  few  alterations.  The  mat- 
ter was  referred  by  the  Society  to  the  Special  Committee 
on  Legislation.  June  4th,  the  Society  instructed  this  com- 
mittee to  ask  that  the  bill  be  recommitted  so  that  the  rep- 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  1 35 

resentatives  of  the  Society  might  be  heard.  July  7th,  Dr. 
Edes  reported  that  the  committee  had  failed  to  have  the 
Senate  bill  recommitted,  but  had  presented  the  bill  adopted 
by  the  Society  to  the  House  Committee  on  the  District. 

December  3d,  Dr.  Edes  reported  that  he  had  addressed  a 
letter  to  the  House  Committee  on  the  District,  pointing 
out  the  differences  between  the  Senate  and  Society  bills. 
December  loth,  a  letter  was  received  from  Dr.  Carroll  in 
regard  to  his  bill  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Legis- 
lation. 

January  4,  1892,  the  Society  directed  the  Board  of  Exam- 
iners to  prepare  a  bill  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  the  District,  to  confer  with  the  Homeopathic  Medical 
Society  in  regard  to  it,  and,  after  ratification  by  this  Soci- 
ety, present  the  bill  to  Congress  and  urge  its  passage. 
January  20th,  the  Board  reported,  and  after  some  discus- 
sion the  report  was  adopted  by  the  Society  and  the  Board 
instructed  anew  to  present  it  to  Congress  and  urge  its  pas- 
sage. [See  page  19  et  seq.  of  the  minutes  for  text  of  bill.] 
February  3d,  the  Society  reconsidered  the  bill  and  amend- 
ed it. 

December  14th,  the  Board  reported  that  a  Senate  bill  to 
regulate  the  practice  of  medicine  had  passed  two  readings, 
and  December  21st,  that  the  bill  had  passed  the  Senate. 
(What  the  text  of  this  bill  was  does  not  appear.)  January 
25,  1893,  t^^  Committee  on  Legislation  reported  that  the 
"  Society's"  bill  had  been  introduced  into  the  House  of 
Representatives. 

April  25,  1894,  a  letter  was  received  from  the  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Legislation  of  the  Washington  Home- 
opathic Medical  Society,  desiring  to  meet  a  like  committee 
of  this  Society  to  consider  the  necessity  for  legislation  to 
regulate  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  District ;  the  letter 
was  referred  to  the  special  Committee  on  Legislation.    Dr. 


136  MEDICAID  SOCIETY 

Busey  says,  "Annual  Addresses,"  page  46,  "  that  the  joint 
committee  failed  to  agree,  and  the  Society  committee  on  the 
bill  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  District 
reported  a  bill  to  the  Society,  May  23d."  The  Society  or- 
dered the  bill  printed  [see  the  minutes  for  the  bill] .  June 
20th,  the  bill  was  debated  and  amended,  and  as  amended, 
adopted,*  A  committee  was  appointed  to  present  the  bill 
to  Congress — Drs.  Busey,  W.  W.  Johnston,  G.  Wythe 
Cook,  R.  Reyburn,  Z.  T.  Sowers,  W.  C.  Woodward  and  J. 
S.  McLain.  [House  Bill  7661,  introduced  by  Mr.  Mc- 
Millin,  July  7,  1894.] 

October  31st,  the  Committee  on  Legislation  recom- 
mended some  changes  in  the  proposed  Medical  Practice 
Act ;  the  changes  were  adopted  by  the  Society  and  were 
embodied  in  a  new  bill  [House  Bill  No.  8133,  introduced 
in  the  House,  December  loth,  by  Mr.  Heard]. 

December  17th,  a  bill  [House  Bill  8229]  was  introduced 
by  Mr.  Blair,  giving  to  the  Physio-Medical  School  of  Medi- 
cine the  same  rights,  etc.,  in  the  District  as  other  schools 
of  medicine.     It  failed  to  pass. 

January  23,  1895,  Senate  Bill  2645  was  introduced  by 
Senator  Teller,  and  January  31st,  Senate  Bill  2685  by  Sen- 
ator Harris,  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine  in  the 
District.  February  13th,  letters  written  by  President  Bu- 
sey, one  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Senate  Committee  on  the 
District,  one  to  the  Commissioners  of  the  District  and  a 
third  to  the  Committee  of  the  Washington  Homeopathic 
Medical  Society,  all  three  letters  objecting  to  the  bills  then 
before  the  Senate,  were  read,  and  approved  by  this  So- 
ciety. 

December  4th,  another  bill.  Senate  Bill  325,  was  intro- 
duced by  Senator  Harris.     This  was  a  new  Congress  and, 

•  See  the  Minutes,  p.  225,  for  bill  as  amended;  also  Busey's  Annual  Address  of  De- 
cember 18,  1895,  p.  33. 


Jsrcc  Csa.Co. 


36 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  1 37 

therefore,  a  new  bill.  April  22,  1896,  the  Society  adopted  a 
"memorial"  recommending  House  Bill  5731,  and  the  me- 
morial was  sent  to  Congress  and  printed  as  Document  228, 
Fifty-fourth  Congress,  First  Session.  It  was  signed  by 
representatives  from  both  the  Medical  Society  and  the 
Homeopathic  Medical  Society. 

May  13th,  the  Committee  on  Legislation  reported  that 
an  amendment  had  been  introduced  in  the  Senate  exempt- 
ing from  the  action  of  the  proposed  bill  matriculates  who 
had  matriculated  prior  to  January  i,  1896.  The  Society 
considered  that  the  amendment  was  detrimental  to  the  best 
interests  of  the  community,  and  a  blemish  to  an  otherwise 
good  measure  that  had  been  already  endorsed  by  the  Society. 
The  Corresponding  Secretary  was  instructed  to  notify  the 
Senate  committee  of  the  Society's  action.  The  amend- 
ment failed  to  pass. 

The  bill  passed,  approved  June  3,  1896,  and  was  pub- 
lished as  Public  Document  No.  174.* 

February  24,  1904,  the  Society  was  informed  that  a  bill 
had  been  introduced  in  the  Senate  [No.  4346]  permitting 
physicians  who  had  practiced  ten  years  or  more  in  any 
State  of  the  United  States  to  practice  in  this  District  with- 
out examination,  provided  they  furnished  certificates  of 
good  moral  character  from  the  State  Board  of  Health  of 
the  State  in  which  they  had  been  practicing.!  The  Exec- 
utive Committee  was  instructed  to  oppose  the  bill.  It 
failed  to  pass. 

May  9,  1906,  the  Society  adopted  a  resolution  to  accom- 
pany a  memorial  to  Congress  protesting  against  the  passage 
of  a  bill  to  regulate  the  practice  of  osteopathy  and  to  license 

*For  interesting  reading  in  connection  with  this  bill,  see  Busey's  address,  December 
18,  1895,  published  both  separately  and  as  a  part  of  his  "Annual  Addresses;"  also  his 
"  Souvenir,"  p.  342  et  seq.,  and  p.  372  ;  also  National  Medical  Review,  1896-7,  VI,  p.  4 ;  also 
Trans,  of  the  Medical  Society,  1896,  I,  p.  4. 

t  See  Annals,  1904-5,  III,  p.  133. 


138  MEDICAID  SOCIETY 

osteopathic  physicians  in  this  District.  February  20,  1907, 
the  Society  was  informed  that  the  bill  had  been  defeated 
in  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Section  8,  of  the  Act  of  June  3,  1896,  was  amended  Jan- 
uary 19,  1905,  by  Congress,  authorizing  the  Medical  Super- 
visors of  the  District  to  license  without  examination  physi- 
cians from  outside  the  District  who  should  fulfill  certain 
conditions.* 

MALARIA    IN    THE    DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 

November  2,  1881,  Dr.  Harvey  Lindsly  stated  that  there 
was  much  talk  about  the  prevalence  of  malaria  in  Wash- 
ington. While  traveling  during  the  summer  through  the 
North  and  East  he  met  gentlemen  from  all  parts  of  the 
country,  who  took  it  for  granted  that  malaria  prevailed  at 
the  Capital  to  an  alarming  extent.  Every  newspaper  that 
he  read  was  full  of  the  subject,  and  much  blame,  he  thought, 
must  rest  on  our  own  newspapers,  and  more  especially  on 
the  correspondents  of  outside  papers  having  offices  here. 
He  thought  it  would  be  wise  for  our  citizens  to  take  cog- 
nizance of  this  matter,  and  the  medical  profession  should 
take  the  lead.  Many,  especially  the  older  members,  re- 
membered well  how  persons  talked  about  the  old  canal. 
He  had  lived  on  its  very  banks  for  eighteen  years,  and  no 
member  of  his  family,  consisting  of  nine  or  ten  persons, 
had  ever  suffered  from  fever  and  ague.  Indeed,  there  were 
very  few  cases  in  the  neighborhood.  When  he  afterwards 
moved  to  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  C  Streets,  he  and  some 
of  his  family  were  attacked  by  intermittent  fever.  But  a 
committee  of  wise  men  from  the  Smithsonian,  with  Pro- 
fessor Henry  at  its  head,  pronounced  the  canal  deadly  and 
pernicious.     As    for    the  pestilential    atmosphere    of    the 

•  See  AXNALS,  1905-6,  IV,  p.  78. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  1 39 

White  House,  history  proved  the  opposite.  When  he  first 
came  here  John  Quincy  Adams  was  President ;  Dr.  Lindsly 
doubted  if  any  President  during  these  fifty  years  was  ever 
unable  to  attend  to  business  or  ever  suffered  from  malaria. 
Only  four  Presidents  had  died  in  Washington,  two  from 
violence,  one  from  pneumonia  and  one  from  exposure  to 
the  sun's  rays  and  imprudence  in  diet.  The  majority  of 
the  Presidents  lived  here  the  whole  year  round  and  none  of 
them  were  ever  sick.  Malaria  was  not  more  prevalent  in 
the  White  House  or  its  vicinity  or  even  on  the  "  Island"* 
near  the  river,  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  city.  He  of- 
fered the  following  resolution  : 

"  Whereas,  The  impression  so  general  throughout  the 
country  of  the  unprecedented  prevalence  of  malaria  in 
Washington  is  likely  to  prove  a  serious  injury  to  the  mate- 
rial interests  of  the  city,  and  this  impression,  if  not  wholly 
unfounded,  is  at  least  grossly  exaggerated  ;  therefore, 
Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed,  in  con- 
nection with  the  Health  Officer,  to  investigate  this  whole 
subject  and  report  to  the  Society  at  its  earliest  conven- 
ience." 

Dr.  J.  E.  Morgan  seconded  the  resolution  and  approved 
Dr.  Lindsly's  course.  Dr.  Morgan  had  had  a  similar  ex- 
perience ;  they  knew  these  reports  to  be  false.  There  was 
no  more  malaria  in  Washington  than  in  any  other  city 
similarly  situated.  If  a  person  had  the  toothache,  got 
drunk  or  suffered  from  a  boil,  all  were  attributed  to  mala- 
ria. The  thing  had  been  going  on  for  years,  and  something 
must  be  done  to  stop  it.  Last  year  one  of  the  outside  pa- 
pers stated  that  half  the  population  of  south  Washington 
was  down  with  fever,  which  had  assumed  a  continued 
form.     Dr.  Morgan  consulted  the  physicians  of  that  sec- 

*  The  name  "  Island"  was  applied  to  that  part  of  south  Washington  between  the  canal 
and  river. 


140  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

tion  and  found  that  not  a  single  case  of  malaria  existed. 
Lately  he  saw  in  the  Baltimore  Sun  that  one  physician 
had  thirty  cases  of  typhoid  fever  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  White  House.  There  were  not  thirty  families  in 
that  neighborhood.  Last  year  the  Commissioners  became 
alarmed,  and  one  of  them  spoke  to  Dr.  Morgan  about  the 
terrible  amount  of  sickness.  Dr.  Morgan  at  that  time  pro- 
nounced the  statement  false,  and  would  now  have  the  Sec- 
retary read  some  statistics  emanating  from  the  Board  of 
Health  proving  his  assertion  concerning  the  healthfulness 
of  Washington.  Whilst  we  were  a  perfect  graveyard,  ac- 
cording to  the  outside  papers,  these  figures  showed  us  to 
be  the  healthiest  people  in  the  United  States.  But  there 
was  something  behind  all  this.  It  was  the  anxiety  of  spec- 
ulators to  make  money.  There  had  been  filed  two  differ- 
ent claims  to  the  "  flats."*  These  men  conceived  that  they 
had  a  bonanza,  a  regular  Golconda.  Every  part  of  this 
reclaimed  land  would  be  worth  many  dollars.  The  ob- 
struction of  the  Washington  channel  had  been  brought 
about,  not  by  God  but  by  man.  This  was  clearly  demon- 
strated by  the  Citizens'  Committee. 

Dr.  Noble  Young  said  that  it  was  time  that  the  medical 
profession  informed  the  public.  Dr.  Lindsly  had  referred 
to  the  canal,  and  Dr.  Young  would  corroborate  Dr.  Lindsly's 
statements.  Dr.  Young  had  lived  for  thirty  years  on  its 
banks  and  knew  whereof  he  spoke.  Despite  the  hue  and 
cry  which  resulted  in  its  closure.  Dr.  Young  asserted  that 
there  never  was  a  case  of  fever  caused  by  the  canal.  The 
water  was  clear  and  limpid,  with  a  beautiful  sandy  bottom ; 
many  times  as  a  boy  he  had  bathed  in  it.  It  was  a  means 
of  draining  the  whole  city  ;  sections  which  before  had  been 
marshy,  by  its  means  became  dry  and  healthful.     There 

•The  "  Flats"  was  the  stretch  of  river  bottom  adjoining   the  north  shore,  that  was 
covered  with  onlj-  a  foot  or  two  of  water. 


DISTRICT  OF  COI.UMBIA  I4I 

was  a  great  stir  made  at  one  time  because  it  had  been  re- 
solved to  clean  it.  It  was  declared  that  a  pestilence  would 
prevail.  But  on  the  contrary,  all  that  was  found  was  a 
species  of  black  sand.  Of  course,  when  it  was  neglected 
and  every  dead  dog  and  cat  was  thrown  into  it,  things  were 
materially  altered.  He  averred,  on  his  professional  repu- 
tation, that  the  several  squares  in  his  immediate  neighbor- 
hood were  as  healthful  as  any  other  place  in  the  United 
States.  He  never  knew  of  a  case  of  malaria  originating 
there.  The  White  House  was  notoriously  healthful.  Gar- 
field's physicians  expressly  stated  that  he  did  not  have 
malaria.  This  cry  had  nearly  ruined  the  eastern  section 
of  the  city,  and  nothing  of  any  respectability  was  ever  built 
there.  It  was  with  the  greatest  difficulty  that  we  succeeded 
in  getting  the  Insane  Asylum  in  its  present  location. 
Speculation  was  at  the  bottom  of  all  these  reports.  Men 
with  property  in  the  northwest  section  wanted  a  new  Pres- 
ident's house  to  be  built  there.  Others  wanted  "  Kidwell's 
Bottoms"*  reclaimed  for  their  benefit.  Major  Hoxie  had  a 
plan.  And  so  on.  But  as  long  as  the  causeway  of  the 
Long  Bridge  existed,  so  long  would  we  have  emanations 
from  the  filth  there  collected. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Toner  bore  testimony  to  the  widespread  rumors 
concerning  the  unhealthfulness  of  Washington.  During 
the  summer  he  had  heard  this  asserted  by  men  who  did 
not  seem  to  fear  contradiction.  Dr.  Toner  silenced  the 
doctors  by  telling  them  that  speculators  were  at  the  bottom 
of  the  reports.  The  trouble  had  been  in  our  thinking  it 
due  to  our  material  interests  not  to  say  anything  about  the 
matter.  He  now  proposed  that  we  ask  the  National  Board 
of  Health  to  investigate  the  affair  and  make  report.  We 
would  be  considered  apologists,  and  our  action  would  not 
have  as  much  weight   as  that  of   the  National    Board  of 

*  "Kidwell's  Bottoms,"  part  of  the  "flats'  above  mentioned  ;  a  Mr.  Kidwell  claimed  it. 


142  MEDICAL  SOCIETY 

Health.  If  we  could  with  propriety  ask  it  to  do  this,  Dr. 
Toner  thought  the  Society  should  do  so. 

Dr.  W.  W.  Johnston  was  glad  that  Dr.  Lindsly  had  ini- 
tiated the  subject.  Individually  we  had  been  contending 
against  these  rumors,  but  collectively  we  had  done  nothing. 
It  would  take  ten  years  to  correct  these  reports.  We 
should  not  cast  all  the  blame  on  the  newspapers.  Most  of 
it  rested  on  us  as  physicians.  We  should  be  careful  in  our 
diagnoses  and  we  should  not  certify  to  deaths  from  malaria 
when  the  patients  died  of  typhoid  fever.  (He  here  read 
statistics  from  the  Health  Officer  showing  that  if  the  death 
certificates  were  correct,  malaria  did  prevail  to  an  undue 
extent.)  We  had  no  specific  for  typhoid,  we  had  one  for 
malaria.  W^as  it  possible  that  seventy-eight  persons  had 
died  from  these  fevers?  What  was  the  explanation? 
Deaths  certified  to  from  malaria  when  the  patients  really 
died  from  typhoid.  If  malarial  fevers  were  as  fatal  here 
as  typhoid  no  wonder  persons  were  afraid  to  come  here. 
According  to  statistics,  Washington  stood  first  in  deaths 
from  malaria  ;  from  typhoid  it  had  the  third  place.  The 
error  arose  from  non-recognition  of  mild  cases  of  typhoid. 
He  would  be  glad  if  we  could  unite  on  some  means  of  cor- 
recting the  returns. 

Dr.  S.  Townshend  (Health  Officer)  thought  with  Dr. 
Johnston  that  physicians  were  much  to  blame.  W^henever 
we  were  in  doubt  about  a  diagnosis  we  said  "  malaria." 
[He  read  some  data  to  prove  the  comparative  freedom  of 
Washington  from  zymotic  diseases.] 

Dr.  W.  H.  Taylor  wanted  to  know  if  it  would  mend 
matters  if  we  increased  our  death  rate  from  typhoid. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Sothoron  testified  to  the  prevalence  of  typhoid 
fever  over  malarial  fevers  in  his  section. 

Dr.  E.  M.  Schaeffer  wanted  the  matter  carefully  studied, 
and  not  trust  the  reputation  of  the  city  to  outsiders  until 


DISTRICT  OF  COI^UMBIA  1 43 

we  had  considered  that  New  Orleans  and  Baltimore  had 
suffered  at  the  hands  of  the  National  Board  of  Health. 

Dr.  P.  J.  Murphy  said  that  the  Health  Officer  was  the 
proper  person  to  take  cognizance  of  this  affair,  and  pro- 
tested against  calling  in  the  National  Board  of  Health. 

The  resolutions  were  adopted,  and  the  committee — Drs. 
Lindsly,  Noble  Young,  J.  E.  Morgan,  D.  W.  Prentiss,  W. 
W.  Johnston  and  S.  Townshend — was  appointed. 

November  i6th,  the  committee  reported  as  follows  : 

"  The  committee  believes  and  reports  that  the  statements 
so  generally  published  are  entirely  unfounded  ;  that  Wash- 
ington now,  as  heretofore,  is  unquestionably  as  healthful 
as  the  most  favored  cities  in  this  country  or  Europe ;  and 
that,  instead  of  deteriorating,  it  has  been  much  improved 
in  its  general  sanitary  condition  during  the  last  few  years, 
as  compared  with  its  state  ten  or  fifteen  years  since.  There 
has  been  a  gradual  but  decided  diminution  in  the  extent 
and  intensity  of  diseases  of  a  malarial  nature,  owing,  no 
doubt,  to  improved  drainage,  better  paved  streets,  the  filling 
in  of  low  lands,  and  other  improvements  which  are  con- 
stantly being  made  by  our  present  efficient  government. 
Malarial  diseases  are  almost  wholly  confined  to  those  por- 
tions of  the  city  immediately  bordering  on  the  Potomac 
river  and  its  tributaries,  the  Eastern  Branch  and  Rock 
Creek. 

"  A  large  portion  of  the  so-called  malarial  diseases  are 
not  in  our  opinion  due  to  malarial  influences,  but  to  other 
causes,  which  exist  to  an  equal  or  greater  extent  in  large 
cities,  such  as  sewerage,  the  use  of  unwholesome  food,  over- 
crowding and  bad  ventilation  among  the  poorer  classes. 
The  form  of  malarial  diseases  most  commonly  met  with  is 
simple  intermittent  fever,  which  is  the  least  serious  and 
most  curable  form.  Death  from  well  defined,  uncompli- 
cated malarial  diseases  is  a  rare  event  in  our  city.  A  care- 
ful comparison  of  the  death  rate  of  Washington  with  that 
of  other  principal  cities  of  the  United  States  shows  con- 
clusively   that    it   does   not  exceed  the  average,  notwith- 


144  MEDICAI,  SOCIETY 

• 

standing  the  very  large  proportion  of  colored  persons,  one- 
third  of  the  whole,  whose  death  rate  is  generally  almost  or 
quite  double  that  of  the  whites.  The  proportion  of  the 
.colored  race  is  greater  in  Washington  than  in  any  city 
north  or  west  of  us,  and  when  the  proper  deduction  of  the 
death  rate  on  this  account  is  made  it  will  show  a  sanitary 
condition  not  surpassed  anywhere.  It  is  proper  to  remark 
here  that  the  records  of  the  Health  Department  of  Wash- 
ington are  believed  to  be  absolutely  correct  as  to  the  number 
of  deaths  annually  occurring  among  us. 

"  The  total  number  of  deaths  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1881,  was  4,136,  of  which 
number  2,206  were  white  persons  and  1,931  colored,  show- 
ing a  death  rate  of  18.18  per  1,000  per  annum  for  the  whites, 
31.27  for  the  colored,  and  22.60  for  the  whole  population. 
The  mean  annual  death  rate  from  September  i,  1874,  to 
June    30,   1881,  was,  white,    19.27;  colored,  37.67;  total, 

25- 30- 

"  We  believe,  too,  that  the  unfavorable  reports  so  indus- 
triously circulated  of  the  unhealthful  condition  of  the  Pres- 
ident's house  are  equally  unfounded.  This  has  been  the 
residence  of  all  the  Presidents  for  eighty-one  years,  and 
during  all  of  that  time,  with  the  exception  of  Presidents 
Harrison  and  Taylor,  who  died  after  short  illnesses  from 
acute  diseases,  in  no  way  dependent  on  climatic  influences, 
the  chief  magistrates,  although  generally  men  of  advanced 
age,  have  enjoyed  excellent  health  and  been  able  to  attend 
to  their  official  duties  with  scarcely  a  day's  interruption — 
a  most  remarkable  exemption  and  proof  enough  of  itself  of 
the  favorable  condition  both  of  the  White  House  and  the 
city.  We  may  add,  too,  in  confirmation  of  this  view,  that 
all  the  former  Presidents  spent  the  whole  year  here,  except 
a  very  short  visit  to  their  respective  homes,  the  practice  of 
living  for  a  part  of  the  summer  in  the  suburbs  having  been 
first  adopted  by  Mr.  Buchanan ;  and  when  the  present 
anomalous  condition  of  the  Potomac  flats  opposite  the  city 
shall  have  been  remedied,  which  in  their  present  state  are 
at  least  a  menace  for  the  future,  we  know  of  nothing  likely 
to  prevent  Washington  from  being  hereafter,  as  heretofore, 
one  of  the  most  healthful  as  it  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
cities  in  our  country." 


37 


33 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  1 45 

The  Society  adopted  the  report. 

May  18,  1898,  the  Committee  on  Public  Health  made  a 
report  concerning  malaria  in  the  District,  more  especially 
as  it  affected  the  school  children.*  The  fever  was  most 
prevalent  in  the  country  east  of  the  Anacostia  River  and, 
next  to  this,  along  the  Potomac  side. 

NURSES. 

In  Washington  the  nurses,  or  "  sick"  nurses,  as  they 
were  so  often  called,  were  rather  an  indifferent  lot  until 
the  "  training  school"  began  to  give  them  an  adequate 
preparatory  education.  In  course  of  time  a  number  of  such 
schools  were  opened,  usually  in  connection  with  the  hos- 
pitals. Finally,  the  question  of  a  Directory  for  nurses  was 
considered  and,  November  15,  1882,  the  Society  appointed 
a  committee — Drs.  W.  W.  Johnston,  S.  M.  Burnett  and  T. 
E.  McArdle — to  confer  with  the  Washington  Training 
School  for  Nurses  as  to  the  advisability  of  establishing 
such  a  Directory.  November  2 2d,  the  committee  reported 
the  details  of  the  conferences  that  had  been  held  and  what 
had  been  agreed  on,  and  recommended  the  following  reso- 
lution, which  the  Society  adopted  : 

'■'-Resolved^  That  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  learns  with  pleasure  of  the  proposal  of  the  Wash- 
ington Training  School  for  Nurses  to  establish  a  Nurses' 
Directory,  and  the  Society  promises  the  object  its  most 
hearty  cooperation,  and,  as  a  pledge  of  its  official  sanction, 
directs  the  President  of  the  Medical  Society  to  appoint 
three  members  who  shall  compose  a  committee  to  join  with 
the  Training  School  in  the  establishment  and  management 
of  said  Directory." 

The  same  committee  was  reappointed. 

*  See  Trans.  Med.  Society.  Ill,  for  1898,  p.  116.  and  National  Med.  Review,  1898-9,  VIII, 
p.  322. 

lO 


146  ■  MEDICAI.    SOCIETY 

November  4,  1891,  the  committee  from  the  Society  re- 
ported that  the  matron  had  resigned  in  September  and  the 
nurses  had  become  scattered.  The  committee  recommend- 
ed a  change  in  the  financial  conduct  of  the  Directory,  a 
classification  of  the  nurses  and  regulation  of  their  charges, 
and  made  suggestions  as  to  the  methods  to  be  adopted  by 
the  profession  and  the  public  in  securing  a  nurse  or  nurses. 
After  discussion,  the  committee  was  instructed  to  report 
further  details.  December  2d,  the  committee  reported  that 
it  had  had  a  conference  with  the  nurses,  and  submitted  a 
plan  of  reorganization  which,  with  some  alterations,  had 
been  accepted. 

Owing  to  the  number  of  training  schools  and  the  lack  of 
support  from  the  nurses  themselves,  the  Washington  Di- 
rectory for  Nurses  was  abandoned  and  the  property  turned 
over  to  the  Washington  Training  School  for  Nurses,  now 
the  Capital  Training  School  for  Nurses.  The  Committee 
of  the  Society  has  been  annually  appointed,  but  for  a  long 
time  has  been  ignored  by  the  Training  School. 

February  15,  1882,  the  Society  appointed  a  committee 
to  lay  before  Congress  the  advisability  of  erecting  a  fire- 
proof building  for  the  Army  Medical  Museum.  Drs.  Love- 
joy,  W.  G.  Palmer  and  D.  C.  Patterson  were  the  commit- 
tee. January  7,  1884,  the  same  committee  was  reappointed 
for  the  same  purpose. 

THE   ABATTOIR. 

A  bill  [House  Bill  5634,  1882]  providing  for  an  abattoir 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  was  referred  by  the  Committee 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  to  the  Medical  Society  for 
its  opinion  as  to  what  sanitary  benefit  would  accrue  to  the 
city,  and  was  referred,  April  26,  1882,  by  the  Society,  to  a 
committee  consisting  of  Drs.  T.  E.  McArdle,  T.  Antisell 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  I47 

and  D.  W.  Prentiss.  The  committee  reported  May  loth, 
recommending  an  abattoir,  to  be  built  east  of  and  not  less 
than  a  mile  from  the  city  limits,  and  suggested  a  location 
across  the  Eastern  Branch  ;  also  that  legislation  be  enacted 
to  prevent  the  crowding  around  the  abattoir  of  rendering 
houses,  blood-boiling  or  fertilizing  establishments  and 
other  manufactures  from  "waste  residues";  and  that  the 
local  government  should  define  the  conditions  under  which 
the  establishment  should  be  conducted,  especially  adopting 
smoke-consuming  methods.  The  benefits  to  the  city  were 
stated  to  be :  skilled  inspection  of  the  cattle ;  the  best 
methods  of  slaughtering ;  the  best  methods  of  preparing 
the  meats  for  food  ;  the  probabilities  of  the  place  being 
kept  clean,  and  the  riddance  of  the  nuisance  of  private 
slaughter  houses. 

The  report  was  adopted  by  the  Society  and  the  commit- 
tee instructed  to  send  it  to  the  House  District  Committee. 
In  due  time  the  abattoir  was  built. 

REMINISCENCES. 

On  the  2 1  St  of  March,  1883,  Dr.  Borrows  gave  some 
reminiscences  of  the  early  physicians  of  the  District  of 
Columbia.  He  said  that  his  heart  was  with  the  Society, 
and  he  had  offered  to  appear  that  evening  that  he  might 
perhaps  amuse  and  instruct  by  the  recollections  of  a  very 
busy  professional  life  of  fifty-five  years.  His  connection 
with  the  profession  commenced  about  the  year  1822,  when 
he  was  admitted  into  the  Freshman  class  of  Columbian 
College.  Shortly  afterward  he  became  identified  with  Drs. 
Thos.  Sewall,  J.  M.  Staughton  and  Alex.  McWilliams,  who 
were  professors  in  the  classical  department  and  at  the  same 
time  gave  lectures  in  medicine — Sewall  on  anatomy, 
Staughton  on  materia  medica  and  McWilliams  on  botany. 


148  MEDICAL    -SOCIETY 

Borrows  was  persuaded  to  study  medicine,  that  he  might 
add  to  his  general  knowledge.  As  his  studies  went  on  he 
found  that  his  taste  for  it  increased,  and  it  did  not  require 
much  persuasion  to  urge  him  on  to  graduation. 

Among  his  earlier  recollections  was  Chas.  Worthington, 
who  practiced  in  Georgetown ;  a  man  venerable  in  appear- 
ance and  a  high  Christian  gentleman,  though  not  a  bigot. 
This  was  exemplified  by  his  not  objecting  to  the  playing 
of  cards  by  the  students  of  his  son  Nicholas,  who  was  pro- 
fessor of  materia  medica.  This  son  also  was  a  man  of 
character  and  refinement,  the  pink  of  politeness,  bashful 
and  modest  as  a  girl.  He  never  married.  Dr.  Sewall,  the 
professor  of  anatomy,  was  a  New  England  man,  who  came 
to  Washington  under  a  cloud,  having  robbed  the  grave  of 
a  near  relative  in  his  devotion  to  the  study  of  medicine. 
Hingham's  loss  was  Washington's  gain,  for  Sewall  became 
celebrated  not  only  in  this  country  but  in  Europe  by  his 
work  on  phrenology. 

Dr.  Thos.  Henderson  had  all  the  pomp  of  a  professor, 
and  had  he  commenced  early  in  life  to  give  lectures  in  a 
large  school  he  would  have  become  prominent.  His  lec- 
tures were  well  written  and  well  delivered.  The  same 
could  be  said  of  Dr.  Fred.  May,  who  was  professor  of  mid- 
wifery. He  had  the  faculty  of  amusing  at  one  moment 
and  bringing  tears  the  next.  Whenever  he  spoke  of  uter- 
ine hemorrhage  he  always  enlisted  the  sympathies  of  his 
hearers,  for  it  was  known  that  his  wife  had  died  from  that 
cause.  He  was  most  courteous  and  refined  in  manner. 
Dr.  E.  Cutbush,  the  professor  of  chemistry,  was  a  high- 
toned  gentleman.  He  had  been  an  officer  in  the  navy,  but 
retired  to  private  life  upon  the  election  of  Jackson  as  Pres- 
ident. Dr.  R.  Randall,  another  professor  of  chemistry, 
was  a  gentleman  of  elevated  character.  In  his  anxiety  to 
distinguish  himself  he  accepted  the  position  of  Governor  of 


DISTRICT     OF     COI,UMBIA  1 49 

Liberia,  and  in  that  perilous  climate  lost  his  life.  Dr. 
James  M.  Staughton,  who  delivered  the  address  at  the  first 
opening  of  the  medical  department  of  Columbian  College, 
was  a  clergyman  in  appearance  ;  fifty-one  years  ago  he  was 
the  attendant  of  the  most  fashionable  persons  in  Washing- 
ton. His  son  was  to  Dr.  Borrows  as  a  brother.  Dr. 
Staughton  became  professor  of  surgery,  in  Cincinnati,  and 
died  there,  leaving  many  friends. 

Dr.  Borrows'  fellow  students  were  Harvey  Lindsly  and 
Noble  Young ;  two  others  had  since  died — Jones  in  New 
Orleans  and  Collins  in  Virginia,  of  yellow  fever.  The 
latter  was  a  member  of  the  legislature,  and  had  been  audi- 
tor, succeeding  Dr.  Tully  Wise.  Dr.  Peregrine  Warfield 
was  a  stout,  blunt  man  of  great  medical  acquirements,  and 
well  known  as  a  surgeon.  Dr.  B.  H.  Bohrer  was  a  man  of 
great  personal  address,  with  accomplished  manners  and 
most  acceptable  as  a  companion.  Dr.  Thos.  Sim,  of  the 
West  End,  died  of  cholera  in  1832.  He  had  great  success 
as  an  accoucheur  and  told  many  stories  of  his  wonderful 
performances.  There  were  several  others  in  that  section, 
amongst  them  Drs.  Elzey  and  N.  P.  Causin  ;  the  latter 
prominent  as  a  politician,  etc.,  and  ended  his  life  whilst 
returning  from  the  races  by  falling  into  an  ice  house  where 
the  Patent  Office  now  stands.  Poor  old  Dr.  Munding  was 
one  of  the  most  charitable  doctors,  who  never  become  rich. 
He  attended  the  poorest  patients  without  hope  of  compen- 
sation. Dr.  J.  Lovell  was  the  Surgeon  General,  U.  S. 
Army,  and  was  identified  with  the  Phrenological  Society. 
Dr.  Henry  Huntt  was  a  dandy.  He  drove  a  fine  horse  and 
was  followed  by  two  dogs.  He  had  more  tact  than  any 
other  doctor  whom  Borrows  ever  knew.  He  was  equally 
good  in  medicine,  surgery  and  obstetrics.  He  had  been  in 
the  army  during  the  war  of  181 2,  and  after  settling  in 
Washington  moved  immediately  into  the  fashionable  prac- 


150  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

tice,  and  he  fully  deserved  it.  Though  somewhat  abrupt 
in  manner,  he  was  still  agreeable,  and  ever  maintained  his 
own  dignity  and  the  responsibility  of  the  profession.  He 
was  President  of  the  Board  of  Health  when  we  were  pros- 
ecuting Williams,  the  oculist,  for  obtaining  money  under 
false  pretenses.  It  was  proven  that  the  Medical  Society 
had  forfeited  its  charter  by  not  meeting  sufficiently  often. 
Dr.  Causin  came  from  Maryland,  and  was  appointed  judge, 
retaining  the  office  till  his  death.  Dr.  Fred  Dawes  was  a 
man  of  great  medical  acquirements,  who  was  more  easily 
influenced  by  the  solicitations  of  his  friends  than  by  the 
ethics  of  the  profession.  He  died  poor.  Dr.  George  May 
was  a  man  whom  Borrows  ever  esteemed  ;  his  character 
was  always  that  of  a  gentleman  ;  his  personal  appearance 
was  good.  His  knowledge  of  the  three  branches  of  the 
profession  was  greater  than  that  of  any  other  man  of  Bor- 
rows' acquaintance.  Dr.  Thomas  Scott  was  of  a  retiring 
disposition  and  not  so  prominent  as  some  of  those  mentioned. 
He  took  families  by  the  year,  some  as  low  as  $10,  obstetrics 
included.  He  was  a  very  stout  man.  He  came  from  one 
of  the  lower  counties.  Dr.  Richmond  Johnson  was  not  as 
much  identified  with  the  profession  as  with  the  Surgeon 
General's  Ofiice.  He  was  a  person  of  fine  address  and  ac- 
quirements. Dr.  Magruder  commenced  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  1832,  the  year  of  the  cholera.  The  first  cases 
of  that  disease  were  treated  in  the  old  medical  college  on 
E  Street,  near  Tenth.  This  not  being  found  large  enough, 
Stone's  building  on  the  Avenue  was  occupied  ;  afterwards 
the  cholera  hospital  was  on  M  Street  between  First  and 
Second.  The  attending  physicians  were  Magruder,  B.  and 
T.  Miller,  Davis,  Warren  and  Borrows.  The  first  case  of 
cholera  was  reported  by  Dr.  Alex.  Davis.  The  Board  of 
Health  increased  the  number  of  physicians  in  each  ward 
from  two  to  five,  making  thirty  in  all. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  I5I 

Dr.  James  H.  Blake  was  Mayor  of  Washington  in  1812-14. 
He  had  a  very  extensive  practice,  and  had  associated  with 
him  Dr.  Wm.  Jones,  afterwards  postmaster  for  three  terms. 
Dr.  C.  F.  Wilstach  was  more  of  an  apothecary  than  physi- 
cian, and  had  a  place  of  business  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue 
between  Ninth  and  Tenth  Streets.  Dr.  James  Ewell  was 
a  very  corpulent  man  ;  he  wore  a  ruffled  shirt  and  was 
dandified  in  his  manner.  His  brother  Thomas  built  the 
house  in  which  General  Sickles  lived  when  he  shot  Key. 
These  brothers  were  rivals  for  professional  fame.  One  was 
the  author  of  the  "  Medical  Companion,"  the  other  of  the 
"  Family  Physician,"  both  popular  works  in  medicine. 
The  charges  then  for  bleeding  and  pulling  teeth  were  50 
cents,  for  attendance  $1  and  for  obstetrical  services  $10. 

Dr.  Flodoardo  Howard  said  that  he  remembered  Dr. 
Semnies  very  well ;  as  an  apothecary  he  had  put  up  many 
of  the  doctor's  prescriptions.  He  would  start  out  in  the 
morning  on  a  bob-tailed  horse  and  visit  from  twenty  to 
thirty  families  during  the  day.  His  prescription  for  each 
was  generally  the  same,  calomel  and  Dover's  powder.  It 
was  true  that  the  majority  of  his  patients  suffered  from 
malarial  troubles.  Another  favorite  prescription  was  equal 
parts  of  laudanum,  compound  spirit  of  lavender  and  Hoff- 
man's anodyne.  He  was  an  exceedingly  successful  accou- 
cheur. Dr.  William  B.  Magruder  distinguished  himself  in 
the  treatment  of  cholera,  and  this  reputation  gave  him  a 
great  start  in  practice.  After  becoming  Mayor  and  dab- 
bling in  politics  he  lost  a  great  deal  of  business.  He  was 
exceedingly  popular,  but  had  the  bad  habit  of  not  collect- 
ing his  fees,  and  died  poor.  A  more  disinterested  physician 
than  Dr.  Richmond  Johnson  never  lived.  He  was  the  ac- 
coucheur in  the  first  ward  for  a  long  time,  and  this  gave 
him  great  popularity.  He  was  exceedingly  kind  to  the 
poor,  and  after  his  work  for  the  day  was  over  at  the  Sur- 


152  MEDIC  AI^     SOCIETY 

geon  General's  Office  he  frequently  visited  from  fifteen  to 
twenty  poor  patients.  He  was  an  accomplished  physician 
and  an  exceedingly  devoted  Christian. 

Dr.  Johnson  Eliot  said  that  there  was  one  subject  con- 
nected with  the  old  doctors  which  should  be  a  matter  of 
pride  to  the  profession  :  that  was  the  first  use  anywhere,  by 
Dr.  Alex.  McWilliams,  of  adhesive  straps  in  extension.  In 
1822  Dr.  McWilliams  applied  adhesive  straps  in  the  Wash- 
ington Asylum  ;  he  sent  an  exemplification  of  the  process, 
with  a  large  doll,  to  the  French  Academy,  and  received  in 
return  a  very  complimentary  letter,  which,  as  a  young  man, 
Eliot  read.  Drs.  Borrows,  Hall  and  May  had  written  let- 
ters corroborating  the  statement.  Dr.  Gross,  however,  said 
that  in  1834  a  pupil  of  his  suggested  it,  and  in  1841  some- 
body else  claimed  it ;  but  in  1828  Eliot  spread  the  adhesive 
straps  and  assisted  McWilliams  to  apply  them. 

Dr.  W.  H.  Taylor  said  that  a  Dr.  Minor,  of  New  York, 
came  to  Washington  in  1855,  claiming  that  he  had  devised 
the  plan  of  using  adhesive  straps  to  make  extension.  Dr. 
Taylor  hunted  up  the  old  apparatus  which  had  been  used 
at  the  Infirmary  for  a  number  of  years  and  showed  it  to 
Minor,  whereupon  the  latter  returned  to  New  York  a  wiser 
but  a  sadder  man. 

Dr.  Borrows  recollected  that  McWilliams  had  used  ad- 
hesive straps  for  extension  in  1827. 

October  15,  1884,  a  committee  was  appointed,  consisting 
of  the  President,  Dr.  A.  Y.  P.  Garnett  and  Drs.  J.  W.  H. 
Lovejoy,  C.  W.  Franzoni,  J.  Ford  Thompson,  D.  R.  Hag- 
ner,  J.  F.  Hartigan,  E.  M.  Schaeffer,  T.  C.  Smith,  W.  W. 
Johnston  and  W.  G.  Palmer,  to  consider  the  propriety  or 
necessity  of  revising  the  charter,  and  go  to  Congress  and 
urge  such  changes  as  the  Society  might  think  advisable. 
Apparently  nothing  further  was  done. 


39 


40 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  1 53 

September  22,  1886,  a  letter  was  received  from  the 
South  Carolina  Medical  School,  stating  that  its  buildings 
had  been  injured  by  the  earthquake  and  asking  for  assist- 
ance.    The  Society  appropriated  $100. 

THE  SOCIETY  AND   THE   WATER   SUPPLY   OF   THE  DISTRICT 
OF   COLUMBIA  ;    AND    TYPHOID    FEVER.* 

The  records  of  the  Medical  Society  show  that  it  has  been 
ever  alert  in  matters  pertaining  to  public  health,  and  the 
more  or  less  voluminous  reports  of  the  various  committees 
that  have  been  appointed  from  time  to  time  to  investigate 
and  study  health  problems  attest  its  vigilance  in  this  re- 
spect. Perhaps  more  attention  has  been  given  to  a  careful 
inquiry  into  the  purity  and  potability  of  the  water  supply 
than  to  any  other  one  subject.  It  is  not  necessary  here  to 
go  into  the  history  of  the  public  water  supply  of  Washing- 
ton. It  will  be  sufficient  to  say  that  it  is  derived  from  the 
Potomac  River.  The  aqueduct  "  was  so  far  completed  in 
1859  t^^^  ^^^  water  from  the  receiving  reservoir  was  avail- 
able and  turned  into  the  mains.  This  supply  was  inde- 
pendent of  the  Potomac  and  was  furnished  by  the  water- 
shed of  Little  Falls  Branch.  *  *  *  l^jie  conduit 
was  completed  and  water  supplied  from  the  Potomac,  De- 
cember 5,  1863,  and  since  that  date  the  system  has  been  in 
successful  operation." 

In  the  spring  of  1885,  owing  to  the  offensive  odor  pres- 
ent in  the  water,  it  was  alleged  that  the  water  supply  of 
the  city  was  in  some  way  contaminated,  and  in  order  to  de- 
termine, if  possible,  so  vital  a  matter,  the  Society  appoint- 
ed a  committee.  May  27th,  to  investigate  and  report  upon 
the  character  of  the  water  in  the  reservoirs  and  as  supplied 
to  the  dwellings  in  Washington.  After  careful  considera- 
tion of  "  several  chemical  analyses  of  the  Potomac  water, 

*  This  article  was  prepared  by  Dr.  G.  Wi'the  Cook. 


154  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

made  by  competent  chemists,  who  have  recently  examined 
our  water  supply,"  the  committee  reported,  June  loth, 
"  that  the  water  is  a  healthy  and  potable  one,"  and, 
further,  "  there  is  no  epidemic  of  intestinal  or  febroid  dis- 
ease in  Washington  at  present ;  the  experience  of  the  med- 
ical profession  has  been  that  during  the  existence  of  this 
condition  of  the  water  the  health  of  the  community  has 
been  generally  good."  The  committee,  while  believing 
that  Potomac  River  water,  which  is  our  main  supply,  is  one 
of  the  purest,  cautioned  against  its  contamination  by  al- 
lowing "  minor  feeders  or  additional  streams  to  commingle 
with  it.  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  committee  that  the  of- 
fensive odor  lately  prevalent  in  the  water  has  been  due  to 
the  decomposition  of  various  aquatic  forms  of  vegetable 
and  animal  life  in  the  reservoir  and  pipes.  *  *  *  As 
a  remedy,  frequent  and  thorough  flushings  of  the  pipes" 
was  recommended.  The  committee  stated  that  "  many  of 
the  evils  now  complained  of  might  be  prevented  or  reme- 
died by  proper  filtration  and  aeration  of  the  water  on  a 
complete  scale  by  the  authorities."  The  report  is  an  ad- 
mirable one,  and  shows  close  observation  and  careful 
thought.  The  committee  consisted  of  Drs.  E.  M.  Schaef- 
fer,  Thomas  Antisell,  J.  Ford  Thompson,  Louis  Mackall, 
Jr.,  and  D.  W.  Prentiss. 

The  next  year,  April  14,  1886,  Dr.  W.  W.  Johnston,  re- 
marking upon  the  muddiness  of  the  water  supply,  said 
that  Captain  Symonds,  of  the  Engineer  Corps,  in  charge 
of  the  water  works,  had  made  an  elaborate  report  to  the 
War  Department  recommending  the  filtration  of  the  Po- 
tomac River  water  before  its  delivery  into  the  water  pipes. 
Upon  Dr.  Johnston's  motion,  Captain  Symonds  was  invited 
to  address  the  Society  upon  "  The  Filtration  of  the  Water 
Supply,"  which  he  did,  April  21st.* 

*  See  Jour.  Amer.  Med.  Asso.,  Aug.  21,  1886,  p.  219. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  1 55 

So  far  as  the  writer  knows,  the  first  published  reference 
to  the  probability  that  the  Potomac  River  water  might  be 
contaminated  by  pathogenic  germs  is  found  in  an  address 
entitled  "  A  Contribution  to  the  Etiology  of  Typhoid  Fe- 
ver," by  Dr.  G.  M.  Kober,  of  this  Society,  delivered  in 
Berlin  in  1890  at  the  Tenth  International  Medical  Con- 
gress. In  this  address  he  considered  an  epidemic  of  typhoid 
fever  prevailing  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  as  being  the  probable 
cause  of  the  same  disease  in  the  City  of  Washington,  by 
reason  of  the  fact  that  the  drainage  from  Cumberland  falls 
into  the  Potomac  River,  from  which  stream  Washington 
receives  its  water  supply. 

February  5,  1894,  Dr.  Charles  Smart,  U.  S.  A.,  in  an 
address  before  the  Sanitary  League  delivered  at  the  Co- 
lumbian University  in  this  city,  emphatically  declared  that 
the  high  death-rate  in  Washington  from  typhoid  fever  was 
attributable  to  polluted  Potomac  River  water.  Dr.  G.  L. 
Magruder,  who  was  present,  called  in  question  the  correct- 
ness of  Dr.  Smart's  statement ;  and  the  views  of  some  others, 
subsequently  published  in  the  Evenhtg  Star^  coincided 
with  Dr.  Magruder's.  At  the  next  meeting  of  the  Medical 
Society,  February  7th,  Dr.  Magruder  brought  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Society  the  statement  of  Dr.  Smart,  and  upon 
his  motion  he  and  Drs.  W.  W.  Johnston  and  C.  M.  Ham- 
mett  (Health  Officer)  were  appointed  a  committee  to  inves- 
tigate the  causes  of  the  prevalence  of  and  high  death-rate 
from  typhoid  fever  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  June  6th, 
this  committee,  after  much  labor  and  painstaking,  pre- 
sented its  report,  together  with  numerous  maps  and  diagrams 
and  the  following  recommendations,  which,  after  consider- 
ation by  the  Medical  Society,  were  unanimously  adopted  : 

"  I.  The  immediate  abandonment  of  all  wells  within  the 
city  limits,  exception  only  to  be  made  in  case  of  the  ab- 
sence of  the  Potomac  supply,  and  where  the  wells,  after 


156  MEDICAI^    SOCIETY 

repeated  chemical  and  bacteriological  examinations,  have 
been  found  to  be  free  from  all  possible  sources  of  danger  ; 
but  even  these  to  be  abandoned  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

"  2.  Purification  of  the  sewerage  system  already  existing 
by  replacing  as  rapidly  as  possible  all  damaged  or  defective 
drains. 

"  3.  The  introduction  of  new  sewers  in  advance  of  other 
improvements  in  parts  of  the  city  not  now  supplied  with 
drainage,  and  the  extension  of  the  system  as  far  outside  of 
the  city  limits  as  the  rapidly  growing  population  demands, 
so  as  to  prevent  soil  contamination. 

"  4.  The  adoption  of  some  system  by  which  the  lower 
sections  of  the  city  can  be  more  completely  drained,  and 
the  risks  arising  from  the  backing  up  of  tidewater  and  sew- 
age prevented. 

"  5.  The  final  and  safe  disposal  of  the  sewage. 

"  6.  To  make  all  existing  privies,  vaults  or  other  recep- 
tacles of  human  excreta  watertight,  and  by  rigid  inspection 
and  penalties  to  prevent  the  danger  from  leakage  and  over- 
flow. 

"  7.  The  early  completion  of  the  plans  recommended  by 
Colonel  Elliott,  in  charge  of  the  Washington  Aqueduct, 
and  now  in  course  of  execution,  which  have  in  view  the 
sedimentation  of  the  Potomac  water,  and  ultimately  the 
completion  of  works  for  filtration,  the  only  proper  method 
of  purification. 

"  8.  The  suppression  of  all  privies  and  the  enforcing  of 
the  law  to  make  sewer  connections. 

"  9.  Careful  inspection  of  all  dairies  in  the  District  from 
which  our  milk  supply  is  drawn,  and  the  enactment  of  a 
law  by  which  no  milk  shall  be  sold  in  the  District  without 
a  permit  from  the  Health  Office.  The  inspection  shall 
cover  an  examination  of  the  dairies,  of  all  possible  sources 
of  infection,  including  the  water  supply. 

"  10.  The  urging  upon  the  members  of  the  profession  of 
a  careful  collation  of  all  facts  bearing  upon  the  mode  of 
infection  in  each  case  and  the  advantage  of  reporting  such 
facts  to  the  Society,  and  the  propagation  of  the  doctrine 
that  immediate  disinfection  of  the  stools  is  the  first  duty  of 
the  physician  as  guardian  of  the  health  of  the  community." 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  I57 

Immediately  after  the  adoption  of  this  report  the  Medical 
Society  received  an  invitation,  through  Commissioner 
George  Truesdell,  from  the  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  to  attend  its 
meeting,  and  June  14th,  through  its  committee,  composed 
of  Drs.  S.  C.  Busey,  W.  W.  Johnston,   G.  L.  Magruder, 

C.  H.  A.  Kleinschmidt,  G.  Wythe  Cook,  S.  S.  Adams  and 

D.  W.  Prentiss,  presented  the  report  to  the  Committee  of 
the  House,  which,  after  two  hearings,  ordered  it  to  be  printed 
as  a  public  document. 

October  24th,  Dr.  John  S.  Billings  read  by  request  be- 
fore the  Society  a  paper  entitled  "  Filtration  Methods  of 
Water  Supply  and  Sewage  Disposal  in  Some  Large  Euro- 
pean Cities,"  in  which  the  distinct  statement  was  made  that 
"  the  securing  of  an  abundant  and  pure  water  supply  ap- 
pears to  be  the  most  urgent  need  of  Washington  at  the 
present  time,"  and  that,  "  Sedimentation  alone  will  not 
give  us  satisfactory  results,  and  rapid  filtration  through 
steel  cylinders,  with  or  without  the  addition  of  alum  or 
other  chemicals,  while  quite  as  costly  as  the  simple  sand 
filtration,  does  not  give  an  equal  guaranty  of  the  purity  of 
the  water." 

January  30,  1895,  Prof.  W.  P.  Mason,  of  Troy,  New 
York,  delivered,  by  invitation,  an  address  before  the  Medi- 
cal Society  on  the  subject  of  the  water  supply  of  cities,  in 
which  he  emphasized  the  necessity  of  sedimentation  and  the 
superiority  of  sand  filtration  over  all  other  known  methods. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  of  the  Medical  Society  on 
Public  Health,  January  26,  1896,  says,  "The  agitation  of 
the  subject  of  the  purification  of  the  Potomac  water  is 
forced  upon  us,  as  physicians,  by  every  recent  addition 
to  our  knowledge  of  the  subject,"  and  declares  that  sand 
filtration  is  the  "  most  convenient  and  effective  method  for 
the  purification  of  drinking  water,"  and  "  must  be  adopted 


158  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

ultimately  for  the  water  supply  of  Washington."  At  the 
same  meeting  the  following,  among  other  resolutions  relat- 
ing to  sanitation,  was  unanimously  adopted  :  "  That  the 
general  water  supply  should  be  purified  by  sedimentation 
and  filtration  (the  first  being  necessary  at  certain  times 
and  the  second  at  all  times)  before  it  is  admitted  to  the 
mains." 

October  26,  1898,  Dr.  Robert  Reyburn  read  before  the 
Society  a  paper  on  the  pollution  of  the  Potomac  River  at 
Piedmont,  West  Virginia,  and  Cumberland,  Maryland. 
This  paper  was  based  on  his  personal  investigations  and 
observations  of  the  discharge  of  the  filthy  waste  water  from 
factories  at  the  above  named  places  into  the  Potomac 
River.* 

Owing  to  the  sometime  repulsive  character  of  the  water 
as  it  appeared  in  the  glass  and  in  the  bath  tub,  there  was  a 
universal  demand  for  its  improvement,  and  the  cry  went 
up  from  all  sections  of  the  city  for  a  clean,  wholesome 
water.  The  Commissioners,  the  Board  of  Trade,  the  Busi- 
ness Men's  Association,  various  independent  organizations, 
the  newspapers  and,  indeed,  the  unanimous  sentiment  was 
for  a  purified  water  supply,  and  Congress  was  disposed  to 
provide  the  means  for  it  when  the  best  way  to  secure  it  was 
pointed  out.  Accordingly  in  the  Act  making  appropria- 
tions for  the  District  of  Columbia,  approved  March  3,  1899, 
is  contained  the  following  clause  : 

"  For  additional  amount  to  enable  the  proper  officer  of 
the  Government  having  charge  of  the  Washington  Aque- 
duct and  water  supply  to  the  City  of  Washington  to  make 
an  investigation  of  the  feasibility  and  propriety  of  filtering 
the  water  supply  of  Washington,  and  to  submit  to  Congress 
a  full  and  detailed  report  thereon,  and  to  meet  all  necessary 
expenses  of  said  investigation,  five  thousand  dollars,  to  be 
immediately  available." 

*  See  Trans.  Med.  Society  for  1898,  p.  153 ;  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1898,  VIII,  p.  421. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  1 59 

Upon  Col.  A.  M.  Miller,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A., 
"  in  charge  of  the  Washington  Aqueduct  and  of  the  in- 
crease of  the  water  supply  of  the  City  of  Washington," 
devolved  the  duty  of  the  investigation  of  the  feasibility  and 
propriety  of  filtering  the  water  supply  of  the  City  of  Wash- 
ington. After  a  careful  and  painstaking  investigation 
Colonel  Miller  rendered  an  elaborate  report,  dated  March 
28,  1900.  He  considered  the  source  of  the  water  supply, 
the  character  of  the  water-shed,  the  first  introduction  of 
Potomac  water  through  the  aqueduct,  the  various  reservoirs 
and  the  pumping  station.  He  detailed  the  methods  of  fil- 
tration and  described  the  experimental  filters  used.  The 
slow  sand  filter  "  consisted  of  a  cylindrical  white-pine  tank, 
eleven  feet  in  diameter,"  in  which  were  placed  the  filtering 
materials,  with  the  necessary  pipes,  valves,  meter,  etc.,  to 
admit  the  raw  water,  control  its  velocity  through  the  filter 
or  rate  of  filtration,  and  dispose  of  the  filtered  water. 

The  mechanical  filter  used  in  experiments  was  erected 
by  the  New  York  Filter  Manufacturing  Company,  and 
combined  all  the  recent  improvements  in  this  method. 

"  It  consists  of  a  cylindrical  steel  tank,  set  up  vertically 
and  divided  by  a  horizontal  diaphragm  into  two  compart- 
ments, the  lower  compartment  serving  as  a  preliminary 
sedimentation  basin,  and  receiving  the  raw  water  and  coag- 
ulant. The  influent  is  so  arranged  that  a  centrifugal  mo- 
tion is  given  to  the  water  on  entering.  From  this  lower 
compartment  the  water  passes  to  the  second  or  upper  com- 
partment, in  which  is  situated  the  filtering  device. 

"  The  filtering  device  consists  of  a  cylindrical  steel  ves- 
sel, smaller  in  diameter  than  the  outer  cylinder,  resting  on 
the  horizontal  diaphragm.  In  the  bottom  of  this  interior 
vessel  are  placed,  set  in  cement,  the  strainers,  which  collect 
the  filtered  water  and  pass  it  to  a  main  drain,  whence  it  is 
passed  through  a  regulator  to  the  effluent  of  the  filter. 

"  The  object  of  the  investigation  was  to  ascertain  whether 


l6o  MEDICAI,     SOCIETY 

the  Potomac  water,  as  delivered  to  the  consumer  at  Wash- 
ington at  present,  could  be  rendered  by  filtration,  with 
either  method,  acceptable  in  appearance  and  hygienically 
fit  for  a  domestic  supply. 

"  An  acceptable  appearance  of  the  water  requires  the 
removal  of  the  turbidity  to  an  extent  which  will  render  the 
water  unobjectionable.  Hygienic  requirements  are  satisfied 
by  the  reduction  of  the  number  of  bacteria  to  an  acceptable 
quantity." 

Under  the  direction  of  Colonel  Miller  frequent  chemical 
and  bacteriological  examinations  of  the  raw  and  filtered 
water  were  made  by  skilled  analysts. 

The  committee— Drs.  S.  C.  Busey,  G.  Wythe  Cook,  G. 
M.  Kober,  Z.  T.  Sowers  and  W.  C.  Woodward — appointed 
by  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  March 
7,  1900,  "  to  inquire  into  the  relative  merits  of  natural  or 
slow  sand  filtration  and  mechanical  filtration  in  their  rela- 
tion to  the  public  water  supply  of  this  District,"  by  the 
courtesy  of  Gen.  John  M.  Wilson,  Chief  of  Engineers,  U. 
S.  A.,  visited  the  experimental  plant  established  by  Colo- 
nel Miller  and  found  the  filters  as  described  above.  The 
mechanical  filter  was  the  very  best  that  could  be  made, 
while  the  slow  sand  filter  was  necessarily  merely  in  minia-r 
ture  of  what  it  would  be  when  in  practical  use.  The  pro- 
duct of  the  mechanical  filter  was  a  beautiful  and  clear 
water ;  that  of  the  slow  sand  filter  was  not  quite  so  trans- 
parent, but  sufficiently  so  to  suit  reasonable  requirements. 
The  bacterial  results  were  in  favor  of  the  slow  sand  filter. 
Colonel  Miller  believed  that  the  bacterial  efficiency  of  the 
mechanical  filter  was  sufficient  for  safety,  and  as  he  desired 
to  furnish  the  most  attractive  looking  water,  he  recom- 
mended the  mechanical  method  of  filtration.  The  com- 
mittee was  considerably  perturbed  at  this  outcome  of  Colonel 
Miller's  investigations.     It  was  confronted  by  this  report 


41 


42 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  l6l 

from  the  War  Department  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
recommending  the  mechanical  method  of  filtration,  while 
it  had  strongly  urged  the  natural  or  slow  sand  method,  as 
the  main  contention  of  the  Medical  Society  was  for  the 
greatest  bacterial  efficiency,  and  that  no  chemical  or  other 
agent  be  added  to  the  water  before  or  during  the  process 
of  filtration.  There  was  no  means  of  knowing  how  the 
Senate  Committee  might  view  the  matter,  but  it  was  cer- 
tain they  desired  the  best  method ;  so  that  Dr.  Busey, 
though  in  feeble  health,  with  his  accustomed  energy  and 
pertinacity,  with  the  committee  of  the  Medical  Society, 
proceeded  to  analyze  the  report  of  Colonel  Miller,  and  laid 
the  results  before  the  Society,  December  5th,  "earnestly 
and  unhesitatingly  recommending  the  prompt  installation 
of  the  natural  sand  filters."  This  recommendation  was 
unanimously  adopted  by  the  Society,  December  7th,  and  a 
copy  of  the  report  was  transmitted  to  Hon.  James  McMil- 
lan, chairman  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  U. 
S.  Senate,  and  was  printed  as  Senate  Document  No.  27, 
Fifty-sixth  Congress,  Second  Session. 

February  19,  1901,  Mr.  McMillan,  from  the  Committee 
on  the  District  of  Columbia,  submitted  a  report  on  the  rel- 
ative merits  of  the  mechanical  and  the  slow  sand  systems 
of  filtration  for  the  water  supply  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, in  which  he  says  : 

"After  a  very  long  and  careful  investigation  the  report 
from  the  War  Department,  known  as  Colonel  Miller's  re- 
port, took  the  ground  that  the  water  supply  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  contained  suspended  clay  in  such  fine  particles 
as  to  make  it  practically  impossible  to  use  the  slow  sand 
system  of  filtration,  and  he,  therefore,  recommended  the 
adoption  of  the  rapid,  or  mechanical,  system  of  filtration. 

"  This  report  was  sharply  attacked  by  the  Medical  Soci- 
ety of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and,  following  the  lead  of 
the  Medical  Society,  by  the  Board  of  Trade  and  the  Busi- 
1 1 


1 62  MEDICAID     SOCIETY 

ness  Men's  Association.  It  was  argued  by  these  bodies 
that  the  use  of  alum  as  a  coagulant  was  in  itself  objection- 
able, and  that  the  mechanical  process  was  inferior  to  the 
slow  sand  system  as  a  means  of  removing  those  forms  of  pol- 
lution that  are  the  cause  of  typhoid  fever. 

"An  inquiry  conducted  by  this  committee  in  New  York 
City  on  January  4,  1901,  was  attended  by  men  who  have 
made  for  themselves  the  highest  reputation  in  the  matter 
of  the  construction  and  operation  of  filters  for  public  water 
supplies.  No  large  filter  plant,  either  in  existence  or  pro- 
jected, was  unrepresented  at  that  meeting.  The  plants  at 
Lawrence,  Mass.  ;  Albany,  N.  Y.  ;  East  Providence,  R.  I. ; 
Norfolk,  Va.  ;  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  were  among  those  as  to  which 
direct  testimony  was  given  ;  and  the  projects  at  Philadel- 
phia, Pittsburg,  Louisville,  Cincinnati,  Paterson  and  New 
Orleans  were  discussed  by  men  who  had  served  or  were 
then  serving  upon  the  boards  of  experts  for  those  cities.  No 
such  representative  gathering  of  filtration  experts  ever  be- 
fore took  place  in  this  country.  It  is  true  that  the  discus- 
sion of  the  subject  of  the  filtration  of  public  water  supplies 
held  at  the  meeting  of  the  American  Association  of  Civil 
Engineers  in  London,  England,  in  July,  1900,  brought 
together  a  larger  representation  of  foreign  experts  ;  but  the 
leaders  of  the  discussion  in  London  were  also  present  in 
New  York,  and  at  the  latter  gathering  the  American  prob- 
lem had  its  fullest  discussion. 

"  The  result  of  this  discussion  established  the  fact  that 
the  slow  sand  filter,  wherever  it  had  been  put  into  opera- 
tion, had  produced  uniformly  good  results,  both  in  clearing 
the  water  from  turbidity  and  also  in  removing  bacteria." 

At  that  inquiry  Dr.  W.  C.  Woodward,  in  behalf  of  natu- 
ral, slow  sand  filtration,  conducted  the  examination  of  the 
experts  in  a  masterful  and  efficient  manner,  and  the  exam- 
ination of  the  mechanical  method  was  managed  by  Colonel 
Miller.  The  report"  of  the  Committee  of  the  Medical  So- 
ciety, known  as  Senate  Document  No.  27,  was  made  the 
basis  for  exceptions  to  Colonel  Miller's  recommendation. 

Subsequent  to  the  inquiry  held  by  the  Senate  Committee 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  1 63 

in  New  York  City,  and  after  the  House  of  Representatives 
had  passed  a  bill  appropriating  $200,000  for  filtration  pur- 
poses, without  defining  any  method,  Dr.  G.  L.  Magruder 
succeeded  in  obtaining  a  hearing  for  the  Medical  Society 
before  the  subcommittee  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
on  Appropriations.  At  that  hearing  there  were  present 
Drs.  D.  S.  Lamb,  W.  W.  Johnston,  G.  Wythe  Cook,  Wm. 
C.  Woodward,  G.  L.  Magruder  and  D.  P.  Hickling,  of  the 
Committee  on  Legislation,  and  Drs.  G.  M.  Kober,  Wm.  C. 
Woodward  and  G.  Wythe  Cook,  of  the  Committee  on  Fil- 
tration. Arguments  were  presented  by  Drs.  G.  M.  Kober, 
W.  W.  Johnston,  D.  P.  Hickling  and  Wm.  C.  Woodward. 
Fortunately,  after  the  inquiry  was  held  in  New  York 
City,  the  Senate  Committee  asked  for  a  professional  report 
from  Mr.  Rudolph  Herring,  Mr.  George  W.  Fuller  and 
Mr.  Allen  Hazen.  These  able  and  experienced  experts, 
after  a  thorough  review  and  consideration  of  all  the  condi- 
tions, made  the  following  report : 

"  In  consideration  of  the  full  evidence  we  recommend 
the  construction  of  a  complete  system  of  slow  or  sand  fil- 
ters, with  such  auxiliary  works  as  may  be  necessary  for 
preliminary  sedimentation,  and  the  use  of  a  coagulant  for 
a  part  of  the  time.  There  is  no  reason  to  believe  that  the 
use  of  this  coagulant  will  in  any  degree  affect  the  whole- 
someness  of  the  water." 

Upon  the  lines  of  this  recommendation  the  authorization 
of  the  construction  of  the  filtration  plant  was  based.  How 
much  credit  may  be  due  the  ISIedical  Society  for  the  accom- 
plishment of  slow  sand  filtration  may  be  found  in  the  fact 
that  the  report  of  its  committee  was  the  stumbling  block 
of  the  mechanical  filters. 

November  8,  1905,  the  Medical  Society  resolved  to  co- 
operate with  the  Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia 


164  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

in  the  endeavor  to  secure  the  passage  of  a  bill  to  prevent 
the  pollution  of  the  Potomac  River  ;  and  to  assist  in  the 
public  movement  to  consider  the  "  Pollution  of  the  Po- 
tomac River"  and  the  "  Methods  to  Secure  a  Pure  Water 
Supply  for  the  District  of  Columbia." 

The  Civic  Center  of  Washington  having  invited  the 
Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia  to  be  present 
at  its  meeting,  December  11,  1905,  the  Society  in  accepting 
the  invitation  appointed  Dr.  G.  Wythe  Cook  to  speak  for  it 
on  that  occasion.  The  subject  of  his  address  was  :  "  His- 
torical Account  of  the  Installation  of  Slow  Sand  Filtration 
of  the  Potomac  River  Water  for  the  City  of  Washington." 
From  that  address  a  large  part  of  this  article  is  taken. 
The  subject  of  pure  water  was  still  a  live  one,  and  Dr.  T.  N. 
McLaughlin,  in  his  Presidential  address  before  the  Society, 
December  13,  1905,  spoke  on  the  subject  of  "The  Pollution 
of  the  Potomac  River."  This  address  was  illustrated  with 
numerous  lantern  slides.  At  this  meeting  the  President 
was  directed  to  appoint  a  committee  "  to  enquire  into  the 
efficiency  of  the  filtration  plant  and  make  such  recom- 
mendations as  appeared  necessary."  This  committee,  com- 
posed of  Drs.  G.  M.  Kober,  G.  Wythe  Cook,  D.  Percy 
Hickling,  Z.  T.  Sowers  and  W.  C.  Woodward,  made  a  care- 
ful enquiry  and  reported  to  the  Society,  January  31,  1906, 
recommending  the  installation  of  water  meters  as  a  means 
of  checking  waste  of  water ;  "  Removal  of  all  sediment 
from  the  receiving  reservoirs  which  has  accumulated  for 
years,"  and  "  That  the  Society  suspend  judgment  with 
reference  to  the  advisability  or  inadvisability,  from  a  san- 
itary standpoint,  of  adding  a  coagulant  to  our  water  supply 
for  the  purpose  of  purifying  it." 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  Medical  Society  was  con- 
tinually alert  and  energetic  in  its  endeavors  to  secure  a 
pure  and  abundant  water  supply  for  the  District  of  Colum- 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  1 65 

bia.  It  is  but  fair  to  say  that  the  records  of  the  Society 
show  that  Dr.  G.  Lloyd  Magruder  was  especially  vigilant 
in  regard  to  proposed  legislation  respecting  filtration  and 
reporting  his  information  to  the  Society.* 

AN    INEBRIATE    ASYLUM    IN    THE    DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 

December  i,  1886,  Dr.  W.  W.  Godding,  Superintendent 
of  the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane  of  the  District 
of  Columbia,  read  a  paper  on  the  "  Problem  of  the  Inebri- 
ate." The  discussion  brought  out  the  fact  that  a  bill  had 
passed  the  Senate  and  was  pending  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives providing  for  the  treatment  of  inebriates  in  the 
Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane.  To  this  proposition 
Dr.  Godding  objected.  The  Society  appointed  a  commit- 
tee, consisting  of  Drs.  Godding,  N,  S.  Lincoln  and  J.  M. 
Toner,  to  consider  the  question  of  the  best  treatment  of 
the  inebriate.     The  committee  reported,  December  22d.t 

February  2,  1887,  ^^'  Toner,  from  the  committee,  re- 
ported a  copy  of  a  bill  which  the  committee  had  prepared 
and  introduced  in  Congress,  providing  for  an  inebriate 
asylum.  The  bill,  however,  failed  to  pass,  and  there  is  as 
yet  (1909)  no  asylum  for  inebriates  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia. 

LICENTIATES  OF  THE   SOCIETY. 

October  26,  1887,  the  Society  ordered  that  licentiates 
should  be  notified  of  its  meetings  by  postal  card.  January 
14,  1891,  the  question  was  raised  as  to  the  advisability  of 
continuing  this  privilege,  and  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  inquire  into  the  matter,  consisting  of    Drs.  H.  L.  E. 

*  See  also  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1898,  III,  pp.  35-64,  and  1900,  V,  p.  47 ;  Nat.  Med.  Re- 
view, 1898-9,  VIII,  pp.  87-92.  139-152  ;  1900-1,  X,  p.  103,  and  1901,  VI,  p.  54;  Wash.  Med. 
Annals,  1903-4,  II,  p.  56,  and  1905-6,  IV,  p.  362. 

t  The  report  and  copy  of  the  bill  that  had  passed  the  Senate  were  printed  in  the 
Journal  American  Medical  Association,  18S7,  VIII,  p.  49,  et  seq. 


1 66  MEDIC AI,    .SOCIETY 

Johnson,  T.  C.  Smith,  C.  H.  A.  Kleinschmidt,  T.  E.  Mc- 
Ardle  and  S.  S.  Adams.  The  committee  reported  ad- 
versely, February  4th.  The  matter  went  over  till  the 
nth,  when,  after  a  full  and  free  discussion,  the  whole  sub- 
ject was  tabled.  It  was  brought  up  again,  July  6th  ;  the 
report  of  the  committee  was  adopted  and  it  was  ordered 
that  only  those  persons  should  be  permitted  to  attend  the 
meetings  who  were  provided  for  in  the  Constitution  of  the 
Society. 

June  5,  1889,  the  Society  donated  $100  to  the  sufferers 
by  the  flood  at  Johnstown,  Pa. 

CONTAGIOUS    DISEASES   OTHER    THAN    SMALLPOX    IN    THE 
DISTRICT   OF   COLUMBIA. 

June  12,  1889,  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  J.  B. 
Hamilton,  T.  E.  McArdle  and  B.  G.  Pool,  was  appointed 
to  ascertain  if  there  were  any  laws  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia for  preventing  the  spread  of  scarlet  fever,  measles 
and  diphtheria.  October  2d,  the  committee  made  a 
lengthy  report  stating  that  there  was  a  law,  approved  July 
19,  1872,  and  entitled  "An  Act  for  the  prevention  of  dis- 
eases in  the  District  of  Columbia,"  authorizing  the  Board 
of  Health,  in  its  judgment,  to  make  regulations  for  the 
removal  or  prevention  of  epidemic  and  infectious  or  con- 
tagious diseases.  Another  act  of  Congress,  April  24,  1880, 
legalized  the  regulations  then  in  force  for  the  control  of 
smallpox,  but  said  nothing  about  other  infectious  or  con- 
tagious diseases,  and  did  not  legalize  the  Act  of  1872, 
thereby  leaving  the  Health  Officer  powerless  in  regard  to 
the  control  of  such  other  diseases.  The  committee  recom- 
mended an  amendment  to  the  Act  of  1880,  making  the 
regulations  in  regard  to  smallpox  applicable  to  measles. 


DISTRICT    OF     COLUMBIA  1 67 

diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever.  The  report  was  much  dis- 
cussed, pro  and  con  ;  finally,  the  Society  ordered  that  the 
recommendation  be  printed  and  sent  to  the  members,  after 
which  the  subject  would  be  further  considered. 

October  9th,  the  committee  made  a  supplemental  report, 
which  was  ordered  to  be  printed  and  sent  to  the  members 
in  place  of  the  preceding  one.  October  30th,  the  commit- 
mittee  offered  a  third  form  of  bill,  and  this  was  much  dis- 
cussed ;  there  was  still  much  opposition  to  any  action 
being  taken.  Drs.  S.  C.  Busey,  R.  Reyburn  and  T.  C. 
Smith  offered  amendments.  The  Society  ordered  that  a 
copy  of  all  proposed  amendments  be  printed  and  sent  to 
the  members.  November  6th,  the  subject  was  again  fully 
discussed.  November  13th,  the  amendments  offered  by 
Drs.  Busey,  Smith  and  Reyburn  were  voted  on,  but  failed 
to  pass.  The  bill  proposed  by  the  committee  was  then 
rejected  by  a  vote  of  12  to  11.  November  20th,  an  effort 
was  made  to  reconsider,  but  the  Society  ordered  the  sub- 
ject postponed.  December  4th,  a  motion  to  reconsider  was 
passed  and  December  nth  was  appointed  as  the  date  for 
discussion.  On  that  date  Dr.  G.  Wythe  Cook  offered  a 
new  bill  which,  after  some  amendments,  was  adopted,  and 
a  "Committee  on  Legislation,"  composed  of  Dr.  Busey, 
chairman,  and  Drs.  Hamilton,  S.  Townshend,  W.  W. 
Johnston  and  Ralph  Walsh,  was  appointed  to  take  it  to 
Congress. 

March  12,  1890,  Dr.  Busey  reported  that  the  bill  had 
been  introduced  in  both  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives ;  April  23d,  that  it  had  passed  the  Senate  and 
was  then  in  the  House,  where  he  anticipated  that  there 
would  be  much  opposition.  The  bill,  however,  passed,  and 
was  approved,  December  20th  (see  Statutes  U.  S.,  1890-1, 
Chap.  251). 

March  15,   1896,  the  Society  was  informed  that  a  bill 


1 68  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

(House  Bill  9023)  had  been  introduced  in  the  House  of 
Representatives  "  To  prevent  the  spread  of  contagious  dis- 
eases in  the  District  of  Columbia."  The  bill  passed,  and 
was  approved  March  3,  1897  (see  Statutes  U.  S.,  1896-7, 
Chap.  383). 

November  8,  1899,  the  Society  empowered  its  Committee 
on  Legislation  to  draft  a  law  to  make  householders  re- 
sponsible for  reporting  contagious  diseases.  Apparently 
the  committee  made  no  report  to  the  Society. 

February  11,  1903,  the  Executive  Committee  reported  to 
the  Society  a  copy  of  a  bill  providing  for  the  reporting  of 
the  minor  contagious  diseases  to  the  Health  Officer,  who 
had  asked  for  the  opinion  of  the  Medical  Society  on  the 
subject.  The  Committee  was  authorized  by  the  Society  to 
take  such  steps  as  it  saw  fit.  March  nth,  the  committee 
reported  that  the  bill  had  been  favorably  acted  upon  by  the 
Senate  Committee  but  that  there  the  consideration  had 
stopped. 

June  27,  1904,  the  Executive  Committee  reported  that 
there  was  then  pending  in  Congress  a  bill  (Senate  Bill 
3786,  House  Bill  10,955)  ^^^  the  further  prevention  of  com- 
municable diseases.  The  committee  was  instructed  by  the 
Society  to  favor  this  legislation.  [The  bills  expired  by 
limitation  with  the  session  of  Congress.] 

Congress  passed  a  bill,  approved  February  9,  1907,  en- 
titled "  An  Act  for  the  prevention  of  scarlet  fever,  diph- 
theria, measles,  whooping  cough,  chicken  pox,  epidemic 
cerebro-spinal  meningitis  and  typhoid  fever  in  the  District 
of  Columbia"  (see  U.  S.  Statutes,  1906-7,  p.  889).  March 
13th,  a  letter  was  received  by  the  Society  from  the  Health 
Officer,  transmitting  a  copy  of  the  regulations  proposed 
under  the  act  and  asking  an  expression  of  opinion.  The 
letter  was  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee,  which  re- 
ported, March  20th,  recommending  that  the  proposed  reg- 


43 


44 


DISTRICT     OF    COLUMBIA  1 69 

ulations  be  endorsed  by  the  Society,  and  the  report  was 
adopted. 

December  i8th,  the  Committee  on  Public  Health  made 
an  elaborate  report  on  these  diseases,  which  was  discussed, 
January  15  and  29,  1908.* 

July  7,  1890,  the  Society  ordered  that  thenceforward, 
immediately  after  the  stated  meeting  in  January,  500 
copies  of  the  list  of  members  should  be  printed. 

THE   TESTIMONY   OF   PHYSICIANS   IN   COURT. 

December  16,  1891,  the  retiring  President,  Dr.  D.  W. 
Prentiss,  suggested  that  something  should  be  done  to  pro- 
tect the  physician  in  giving  testimony  in  court.  March 
2,  1892,  Dr.  Busey  presented  to  the  Society  a  form  of  bill 
relating  thereto,  which  had  been  prepared  by  Dr.  Z.  T. 
Sowers. 

March  i6th,  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Lovejoy, 
Reyburn,  A.  F.  A.  King,  Franzoni  and  G.  Wythe  Cook, 
was  appointed  to  consider  all  the  suggestions  made  by  Dr. 
Prentiss.  The  committee  reported,  November  i6th,  and 
the  report  was  discussed  on  the  23d.  The  bill  recom- 
mended by  the  committee  was  amended  to  read  as  follows, 
and  the  Board  of  Examiners  was  instructed  to  put  it  in 
proper  form  and  present  it  to  Congress : 

"An  Act  defining  as  privileged  evidence  in  courts  of  law 
or  equity  a  confidential  communication  of  patients  to  their 
physicians. 

^''Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  Honse  of  Represeiita- 
tives  in  Congress  assembled :  No  physician  authorized  to 
practice  medicine  or  surgery  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
shall  be  allowed  to  disclose  any  information,  which  he  may 
have  acquired  in  attending  any  patient  in  a  professional 

*See  Annals,  VI,  p.  496,  and  VII,  p.  2S. 


1 70  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

character,  and  which  information  was  necessary  to  enable 
him  to  prescribe  for  such  patient  as  a  physician  or  to  do 
any  act  for  him  as  a  surgeon." 

January  23,  1895,  a  second  bill,  drawn  by  Dr.  Busey,  was 
adopted  by  the  Society  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on 
Legislation,  with  instructions  to  urge  its  passage  by  Con- 
gress : 

"j9<?  it  e?iacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  0/  Represefita- 
tives  of  the  United  States  in  Congress  assefnbled :  That  in 
the  courts  of  the  District  of  Columbia  no  physician  or  sur- 
geon shall  be  permitted,  without  the  consent  of  the  person 
affected,  to  disclose  any  information  which  he  shall  have 
acquired  in  attending  a  patient  in  a  professional  capacity 
and  which  was  necessary  to  enable  him  to  act  in  that  ca- 
pacity, whether  such  information  shall  have  been  obtained 
from  the  patient  or  from  his  family,  or  from  the  person  or 
persons  in  charge  of  him  :  Provided^  That  this  Act  shall 
not  apply  to  evidence  in  criminal  cases  where  the  accused 
is  charged  with  causing  the  death  of,  or  inflicting  injuries 
upon  a  human  being  and  the  disclosures  shall  be  required 
in  the  interests  of  public  justice." 

The  bill  (House  Bill  2647)  was  passed  and  became  a  law 
May  26,  1896,  without  the  signature  of  the  President  of 
the  United  States.* 

THE    ECLECTIC    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE   DISTRICT  OF 

COLUMBIA. 

April  6,  1892,  the  Medical  Society  was  informed  that  a 
bill  to  incorporate  the  Eclectic  Medical  Society  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  had  been  reported  to  the  Senate  by  the 
Committee  on  the  District.  This  bill  passed,  and  was  ap- 
proved February  18,  1893. 

*  Public  Document  No.  156.  .See  Busey's  "  Souvenir,"  pp.  376  and  363,  for  his  letter  to 
the  Commissioners  in  regrard  to  this  bill.  See  also  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1896-7,  VI,  p.  9, 
which  is  a  complete  statement ;  also  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1S96,  I,  p.  9. 


DISTRICT    OF     COI,UMBIA  I7I 

THE   ICE   TRUST. 
April  5,  1893,  the  Society  adopted  the  following: 

"Whereas,  The  companies  engaged  in  the  business  of 
supplying  ice  to  the  citizens  of  the  District  of  Columbia 
have  announced  through  the  local  press  the  formation  of  a 
combination  of  the  several  companies,  in  which  they  have 
agreed  to  suspend  the  delivery  of  ice  on  the  Sabbath  day 
to  the  retail  consumers  during  the  months  of  June,  July, 
August  and  September  ;  therefore  be  it 

''''Resolved^  That  a  committee  of  five,  of  which  the  Presi- 
dent and  Recording  Secretary  shall  be  members,  be  ap- 
pointed to  consider  what  action,  if  any,  this  Society  should 
take  in  relation  thereto." 

The  committee  consisted  of  the  President,  Dr.  G.  Wythe 
Cook ;  Secretary,  Dr.  S.  S.  Adams ;  and  Drs.  S.  C.  Busey, 
G.  L.  Magruder  and  L.  Eliot.  April  12th,  the  committee 
reported,  taking  the  ground  that  the  proposed  suspension 
of  delivery  of  ice  on  Sundays  during  the  summer  months 
would  not  only  be  an  inconvenience  to  householders  but 
detrimental  to  health,  would  add  to  the  sufferings  of  the 
sick  and  to  the  morbidity  and  mortality  of  the  city.  The 
report  was  adopted.  The  Society  also  adopted  the  follow- 
ing: 

"  Resolved,  That  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  in  this  effort  to  secure  the  continuous  daily 
delivery  of  ice  to  the  retail  consumers  during  the  heated 
months  of  the  year,  invites  the  support  and  cooperation  of 
the  Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  the  Health 
Officer,  the  local  press,  the  Sanitary  League  and  all  other 
organizations  and  persons  interested  in  the  matter." 

The  Society  ordered  that  1,000  copies  of  the  report  should 
be  printed  and  copies  sent  to  the  Attorney  General  of  the 
United  States,  the  District  Attorney,  the  Commissioners  of 


172  MEDIC  AI,    SOCIETY 

the  District,  the  Health  Officer,  the  local  press,  the  officers 
of  the  Sanitary  League,  the  presidents  of  the  several  ice 
companies  and  the  members  of  the  Society. 

THE    FEEDING   OF   INFANTS. 

June  7,  1893,  the  Secretary  of  the  Society  reported  that 
the  Sanitary  League  of  the  District  wanted  information  in 
regard  to  the  proper  "  feeding"  of  infants.  A  committee, 
consisting  of  Drs.  T.  E.  McArdle,  S.  S.  Adams  and  J.  D. 
Morgan,  was  appointed  to  consider  the  matter.  June  14th, 
the  committee  reported*  rules  which  applied  especially  to 
the  clothing  and  feeding  of  infants  during  the  summer 
months,  and  as  they  were  for  the  benefit  of  the  poor,  the 
simplest  language  possible  was  used.  No  reference  was 
made  to  pasteurizing  milk,  because  it  was  impossible  to 
formulate  such  a  rule  in  language  that  would  be  intelligi- 
ble to  the  parents  for  whom  the  rules  were  made.  Tlie 
committee  said  nothing  about  contagious  diseases,  because 
the  Health  Officer  issued  regulations  on  that  subject.  The 
report  was  adopted. 

February  21,  1894,  Dr.  W.  W.  Johnston  was  requested 
to  ascertain  the  cost  of  a  safe.  Apparently  nothing  was 
done  about  it.  November  6,  1901,  Drs.  Johnston,  G.  L. 
Magruder  and  E.  L.  Morgan  were  appointed  a  committee 
on  the  same  subject.  January  6,  1902,  the  committee  re- 
ported that  it  had  found  a  safe  that  would  answer  the  needs 
of  the  Society.     The  committee  was  directed  to  buy  it. 

THE    MEDICAL   COLLEGE   ACT. 

March  7,  1894,  the  Society  received  from  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  District  of  Columbia  a  copy  of  a  bill  to  reg- 

•  See  the  report  in  full  on  page  12S  of  the  minutes. 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  1 73 

iilate  medical  colleges  in  the  District*  The  Society 
referred  it  to  Drs.  Lovejoy,  A.  F.  A.  King,  H.  H.  Barker 
and  D.  S.  Lamb,  as  representing  the  four  medical  schools 
in  the  District.  March  21st,  two  reports  were  made,  a 
majority  report  by  Drs.  Lovejoy,  King  and  Lamb ;  a  mi- 
nority report  by  Dr.  Barker. 

Majority  report :  "  Whereas,  The  Revised  Statutes  of 
the  United  States,  known  as  the  '  General  Incorporation 
Act,'  permits  'Any  three  or  more  persons  of  full  age,  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States,  a  majority  of  whom  shall  be 
residents  of  the  District,  who  desire  to  associate  themselves 
for  benevolent,  charitable,  educational,  literary,  musical, 
scientific,  religious  or  missionary  purposes,  including  soci- 
eties for  mutual  improvement,  or  for  the  promotion  of  the 
arts,  may  make,  sign  and  acknowledge  before  any  officer 
authorized  to  take  acknowledgment  of  deeds  in  the  Dis- 
trict, and  file  in  the  office  of  the  Recorder  of  Deeds,  to  be 
recorded  by  him,  a  certificate  in  writing  in  which  shall 
be  stated,  first,  the  name  or  title  by  which  such  society 
shall  be  known  in  law  ;  second,  the  term  for  which  it  is 
organized  ;  third,  the  particular  business  and  objects  of  the 
society  ;  fourth,  the  number  of  its  trustees,  directors  or 
managers  for  the  first  year  of  its  existence ;  and,  fifth, 
whereas,  the  said  Act  does  not  seem  to  require  the  person 
so  desiring  to  form  an  incorporation  to  produce  evidence 
of  proper  qualifications  and  of  the  possession  of  the  proper 
facilities  for  the  carrying  out  of  the  objects  proposed  by 
them  ;  and  whereas,  the  science  and  art  of  medicine  con- 
stitute a  branch  of  knowledge  of  peculiar  importance  to 
the  community,  and  there  is  no  other  occupation  so  neces- 
sary to  the  preservation  of  the  health  and  well  being  of  the 
people ;  therefore 

'-'- Resolved^  first,  that  we  hold  it  to  be  a  matter  of  the 
utmost  importance  that  the  laws  should  throw  around  the 
study  of  medicine  all  the  safeguards  that  are  possible  ;  that 

•  Senate  Bill  1652  :  introduced  into  the  Senate,  February  19,  1S94,  and  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  the  District.  Referred  by  this  committee  to  the  District  Commission- 
ers, and  by  these  to  the  Medical  Society,  for  such  recommendations  as  it  might  wish 
to  make. 


1 74  MEDIC  AI,    SOCIETY 

our  lawmakers  should  require  that  the  persons  professing 
to  teach  this  science  and  art  should  themselves  have  acquired 
the  ability  to  teach,  by  study,  by  practice  and  by  experience, 
and  should  offer  to  their  students  the  proper  facilities  to 
learn  this  important  branch  of  knowledge  and  should  pro- 
tect a  confiding  and  easily  deceived  public  from  the  char- 
latanry and  imposture  of  ignorant  and  selfish  pretenders. 
Resolved^  second,  that  we  heartily  endorse  the  apparent 
object  of  the  bill,  which  seems  to  prevent  the  organization 
of  medical  colleges  that  may  be  incompetent  to  properly 
educate  their  students.  Resolved^  third,  that  we  cannot 
endorse  the  method  proposed  by  the  bill  of  carrying  out 
this  object,  which  seems  to  be  to  empower  the  Honorable 
Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia  to  grant  permits 
to  such  proposed  colleges,  under  specific  conditions.  Re- 
solved^ fourth,  that  we  recommend  that  the  bill  should  pro- 
vide that  no  medical  college  shall  be  incorporated  without 
a  special  act  of  Congress.  Resolved^  fifth,  that  this  Society 
has  no  knowledge  of  the  source  whence  the  proposed  bill 
proceeded."* 

This  report  was  adopted  by  the  Society.  The  minority 
report  was  as  follows  : 

"  I  fully  endorse  and  concur  in  the  motives  which  have 
actuated  the  majority  in  their  report,  which  are  indicated 
in  their  preambles  and  first  resolution,  but  I  cannot  view 
the  present  bill  in  the  light  in  which  it  is  viewed  by  them. 
I  do  not  concur  in  the  second  resolution,  for  I  fail  to  see 
anything  in  the  bill  which  proposes  to  prevent  the  organ- 
ization of  incompetent  medical  colleges.  The  bill  recog- 
nizes the  fact  that  there  are  now  or  may  be  medical  colleges 
in  the  District  of  Columbia  incorporated  by  special  act  of 
Congress,  but  both  creatures  of  Congress.  It  then  declares 
that  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  those  colleges  incorporated  in 
the  latter  manner  to  begin  or  continue  business,  except 
under  certain  restrictions,  which  are  not  imposed  upon  col- 
leges incorporated   in  the  former  manner.     This  is  class 

*  Dr.  Busey  in  his  "  Souvenir,"  p.  375,  states  that  the  bill  originated  with  the  Homoeo- 
pathic Medical  Society. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  1 75 

legislation,  and  being  therefore  unconstitutional  cannot  be 
commended,  nor  could  its  provisions  be  enforced  if  it  were 
adopted.  If  the  bill  provided  that  all  medical  colleges 
should  furnish  evidence  that  they  are  fully  equipped  both 
by  the  character  and  fitness  of  their  faculty  and  the  suf- 
ficiency of  their  appliances,  the  above  objections  to  the  bill 
might  have  less  force.  But  who  are  to  decide  upon  the 
sufficiency  of  such  evidence?  the  District  Commissioners, 
composed  of  two  lawyers  and  one  engineer  ;  certainly  not 
such  persons  as  would  be  considered  experts  upon  medical 
colleges. 

"  The  third  resolution  of  the  majority  recognizes  this  fact 
and  expresses  our  disapproval  of  such  provisions  of  the  bill 
as  confer  such  powers  upon  the  Commissioners.  The  adop- 
tion of  this,  the  third  resolution,  by  this  Society  will  be  a 
virtual  condemnation  of  the  entire  bill,  for  if  it  is  stripped 
of  these  provisions  there  is  nothing  left  to  it.  The  fourth 
resolution  is  open  to  the  same  objection  urged  against  the 
original  bill :  that  it  contemplates  class  legislation  and 
therefore  cannot  and  will  not  be  adopted  by  Congress.  If 
Congress  desires  to  prevent  the  future  incorporation  of 
medical  colleges  under  the  General  Incorporation  Act,  it 
must  strike  out  of  that  act  the  word  "  educational,"  or  re- 
peal the  act. 

"The  fifth  resolution  seems  to  be  in  the  nature  of  an 
apology  to  some  one.  If  the  Society  must  apologize  for 
approving  the  bill  it  had  better  not  approve  it.  I  would 
therefore  recommend  that  the  bill  be  returned  to  the  Com- 
missioners, with  the  statement  that  in  the  opinion  of  the 
Society  it  does  not  throw  proper  safeguards  around  the 
method  of  medical  education  in  the  District  of  Columbia ; 
and  that  the  Commissioners  be  requested  to  urge  in  lieu  of 
this  bill  the  passage  of  the  Medical  Practice  Act,  with  such 
provisions  therein  as  will  compel  candidates  for  graduation 
in  medicine  to  submit  to  an  examination  by  the  Board  of 
Medical  Examiners  to  be  created  by  that  act,  before  obtain- 
ing their  diplomas.  In  conclusion  I  would  urge  upon  the 
Society  the  impropriety  of  weakening  whatever  influence 
it  may  have  with  Congress  by  attempting  to  wet-nurse  this 
sickly  foundling.     Rather  let  it  reserve  all  its  forces  for  a 


176  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

well-directed,  systematic  and  persistent  effort  to  secnre  the 
passage  of  the  Medical  Practice  Act." 

The  bill  passed  both  houses  of  Congress,  and  was  approved 
May  4,  1896.  [See  Public  Document  99.  See  also  Busey's 
"Souvenir,"  page  375,  where  he  says,  "the  act  will  pre- 
vent the  multiplication  of  the  class  of  bogus  medical  schools 
which  have  turned  loose  upon  a  credulous  public  so  many 
ignorant  frauds  and  venal  charlatans.  It  is  the  beginning 
of  the  end  of  mills  than  grind  out  diplomas  at  so  much  per 
square  inch  of  parchment."] 

TUBERCULOSIS. 

March  7,  1894,  the  attention  of  the  Society  was  called  to 
steps  that  were  being  taken  in  different  cities  to  check  the 
spread  of  tuberculosis.  A  committee,  composed  of  Drs. 
C.  H.  Stowell,  J.  H.  Bryan  and  E.  A.  Balloch,  was  ap- 
pointed to  examine  into  the  question,  and  recommend 
what  measures,  if  any,  should  be  taken  by  the  Society  to 
stop  the  ravages  of  tuberculosis  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 
May  9th,  the  committee  made  a  report  recommending  that 
a  committee  be  appointed  to  prepare  a  circular  of  instruc- 
tions, to  be  popularly  distributed,  and  setting  forth  the 
danger  of  communicating  the  disease  by  one  person  to  an- 
other and  how  such  communication  might  be  prevented  ; 
that  hospital  authorities  should  be  urged  to  set  apart  cer- 
tain wards  for  consumptives,  or,  better,  that  special  hospitals 
be  built ;  that  physicians  should  be  requested  to  instruct 
their  patients  in  regard  to  the  disinfection  of  sputa,  and 
that  rooms  occupied  by  consumptives  should  be  disinfected ; 
and  that  the  Society  should  take  steps  toward  the  enact- 
ment of  a  law  that  would  secure  the  purity  of  milk  offered 
for  sale  in  the  District.  An  amendment  was  offered  by 
Dr.  T.  E.  McArdle  requesting  the  Health  Officer  of  the 


45 


JOHN    WM.    CHAPPELL  [TRANK    TENNEY    CHAMBERLiN|         jo.ce £r,g.Co. 


46 


DISTRICT     OF     COI.UMBIA  .  1 77 

District  to  formulate  such  regulations  as  would  assure  the 
freedom  of  vaccine  virus  from  tuberculous  infection.  May 
i6th,  the  report  was  exhaustively  considered;  June  6th, 
was  further  considered,  and  adopted,  as  also  the  amendment 
offered  by  Dr.  McArdle.* 

February  17,  1904,  a  letter  from  the  Health  Officer  of 
the  District  in  regard  to  physicians  notifying  that  officer  of 
cases  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis  coming  under  their  care, 
was  received  by  the  Society,  asking  its  opinion.  The  letter 
was  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee,  which,  September 
2 1st,  reported  unfavorably,  but  recommended  that  the 
Health  Officer  issue  a  circular  of  instructions  in  regard  to 
the  prophylaxis  of  the  disease.  The  report  was  adopted 
by  the  Society  November  30th.  It  may  be  mentioned  here 
that  October  26th  there  was  a  symposium  on  tuberculosis 
before  the  Society,  in  which  Drs.  W.  C.  Woodward,  D.  P. 
Hickling,  A.  F.  A.  King,  W.  P.  Carr,  General  G.  M.  Stern- 
berg, Frederick  Sohon,  S.  S.  Adams  and  T.  A.  Claytor 
took  part.f 

January  i,  1906,  the  Society  endorsed  the  project  of  the 
District  Commissioners  for  the  erection  of  a  hospital  for 
consumptives. 

March  7th,  the  Executive  Committee  made  a  report 
upon  the  registration  of  tuberculosis  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  March  21st  a  committee — Drs.  J.  B.  Nichols, 
S.  Ruffin  and  J.  D.  Thomas — was  appointed  to  prepare  a 
bill  for  the  legal  supervision  of  tuberculosis  in  the  District. 
The  committee  reported  two  bills,  of  which  one  entitled  B 
was  adopted  by  the  Society,  and  the  committee  was  in- 
structed, March  28th,  to  take  steps  to  secure  its  enactment 
by  Congress. 

*  See  National  Medical  Review,  1894-5,  III,  p.  60. 
t  See  Annals,  III,  1904-5,  p.  145. 


12 


lyS  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

THE    SOCIETY   AND    THE   MILK    SUPPLY  OF   THE    DISTRICT 
OF   COLUMBIA.* 

The  first  record  of  any  effort  to  control  the  milk  supply 
of  the  District  of  Columbia  was  contained  in  an  ordinance 
promulgated  May  15,  1 871,  by  the  Board  of  Health  created 
by  the  Act  of  February  21,  187 1,  reorganizing  the  govern- 
ment of  the  District.  Repeated  efforts  were  made  by  the 
District  authorities  between  that  date  and  1894  to  improve 
the  conditions  of  the  production  and  sale  of  milk,  without 
accomplishing  much  of  value.  While  preparing  the  report 
on  typhoid  fever  in  1894  Dr.  G.  Lloyd  Magruder  had  fre- 
quent conferences  with  the  District  Commissioners.  The 
influence  of  milk  as  one  of  the  most  prominent  causes  of 
typhoid  fever  and  the  often-urged  necessity  for  its  careful 
supervision  were  promptly  recognized.  These  facts  so  im- 
pressed the  Committee  on  Typhoid  Fever  that  the  follow- 
ing recommendation  was  inserted  in  its  report : 

"  Careful  inspection  of  all  dairies  in  the  district  from 
which  our  milk  supply  is  drawn  and  the  enactment  of  a 
law  by  which  no  milk  shall  be  sold  in  the  District  without 
a  permit  from  the  Health  Officer.  The  inspection  should 
cover  an  examination  at  the  dairies  of  all  possible  sources 
of  infection,  including  the  water  supply." 

At  Dr.  Magruder's  suggestion  the  District  Commissioners 
sought  the  aid  of  the  Medical  Society  to  secure  the  much- 
needed  legislation  along  the  lines  above  indicated.  In 
compliance  with  this  suggestion,  June  6,  1894,  the  Society 
received  a  communication  from  the  Commissioners  enclos- 
ing the  draft  of  a  bill  to  regulate  the  milk  supply  and  to 
secure  pure  milk.  In  this  communication  the  Society  was 
asked  to  perfect  the  bill. 


•  This  article  was  partly  prepared  by  Dr.  G.  Lloyd  Magruder. 


d 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  1 79 

The  Society  appointed  Drs.  Kleinschmidt,  S.  S.  Adams 
and  Woodward  a  committee  to  consider  the  bill  and  return 
it,  amended,  to  the  Commissioners.*  The  committee  re- 
ported June  13th. 

February  6,  1895,  the  Committee  on  Legislation  reported 
that  the  bill  had  been  so  much  altered  in  the  Senate  Com- 
mittee that  it  was  worse  than  none,  and  the  Legislative 
Committee  had  entered  a  protest.  The  Society  approved 
the  protest.  The  House  bill  (8231),  as  endorsed  by  the 
Society  and  Commissioners,  passed  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. February  27th,  the  Society  was  informed  that 
the  bill  was  in  conference.  It  passed  and  was  approved, 
March  2d.t 

The  influence  of  the  Society  was  a  most  potent  factor  in 
securing  this  legislation,  which  required  the  inspection  of 
the  dairy  farms  and  a  permit  from  the  Health  Officer  be- 
fore milk  could  be  shipped  to  this  city.  This  made  Wash- 
ington one  of  the  first  cities  in  the  United  States  to  require 
such  a  permit.  It  appears  justifiable  to  claim  that  this 
law  has  largely  contributed  towards  saving  many  lives  of 
children  under  one  year  old.  In  1894,  previous  to  the  pas- 
sage of  the  law,  the  death  rate  was  5.70  per  1,000  of  the 
entire  population  ;  in  1905,  ten  years  afterwards,  the  death 
rate  was  3.52  per  1,000. 

October  20,  1897,  Dr.  S.  S.  Adams  presented  a  plan  for 
the  establishment  of  a  milk  laboratory,  and  a  committee — 
Drs.  Kober,  E.  A.  de  Schweinitz  and  Adams — was  appoint- 
ed, to  have  a  general  supervision  over  the  same  and  report 
from  time  to  time  to  the  Society.  January  12,  1898,  the 
committee  made  an  elaborate  report.|  March  i,  1899,  it 
made  a  report  for  the  previous  year.§ 

•  See  Minutes,  page  194.    National  Med.  Rev.,  1894-5,  III,  p.  85. 
t  See  Busey's  "Annual  Addresses,"  pp.  41  and  65  ;  Minutes  of  Society,  pp.  52-70. 
X  See  Minutes  of  the  Society,  pp,  10-17;   Trans.  Med.  Society,  1898,  III,  p.  64;  Nat. 
Med.  Review,  1898-9,  VIII,  p.  152. 
'i  See  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1899,  IV,  p.  36 ;  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1898-9,  VIII,  p.  483. 


l8o  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

January  7,  1901,  a  bill  (Senate  Bill  4804)  was  introduced 
in  Congress,  regulating  the  production  and  sale  of  milk 
in  the  District  of  Columbia.  There  was  also  a  report  (Re- 
port 1665)  from  the  Senate  District  Committee,  June  5, 
1900.  March  5,  1902,  the  Society  endorsed  the  Senate 
bill  (1686,  House  11,005)  for  the  regulation,  production, 
etc.,  and  instructed  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Soci- 
ety to  try  to  secure  its  passage. 

April  29,  1903,  the  Committee  on  Laboratory  (Walker- 
Gordon  Laboratory)  recommended  a  Milk  Commission  like 
those  in  New  York  City  and  other  cities,  with  the  object 
of  securing  careful  daily  inspection  of  milk  delivered  in 
the  city,  by  competent  veterinarians  appointed  for  the  pur- 
pose. The  Society  endorsed  the  plan.*  May  20th,  the 
commission  was  appointed — Drs.  Adams,  de  Schweinitz, 
McCormick,  Sprigg  and  Woodward. 

July  7th,  the  commission  reported  that  it  had  organized 
and  incorporated,  that  all  dairymen  would  have  an  equal 
chance  before  the  commission,  and  that  scientific  experts 
would  be  employed  to  make  the  necessary  examination  of 
the  milk  supply.  October  7th,  the  commission  made  an- 
other report,  t 

March  30,  1904,  House  Bill  14,473,  supplementary  to  an 
act  to  regulate  the  sale  of  milk  in  the  District,  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Society  and  referred  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. 

July  4th,  the  Milk  Commission  reported  again  and  for 
the  last  time. I 

April  24,  1895,  the  Society  was  informed  that  Dr.  Busey 
had  dedicated  his  "  Personal  Reminiscences"  to  the  Soci- 
ety, and  members  could  procure  copies  with  the  author's 
compliments  by  calling  at  his  residence. 

♦Annals,  1903-4,  II,  p.  267. 

t  See  Annals,  1903-4,  II,  pp.  251  and  490. 

t  See  Annals,  III,  1904-5,  p.  2S0. 


UISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  l8l 

VIVISECTION. 

A  bill,  popularly  known  as  the  anti-vivisection  bill 
(Senate  Bill  1552,  for  the  further  prevention  of  cruelty  to 
animals  in  the  District  of  Columbia),  was  introduced  in 
the  U.  S.  Senate,  and  January  22, 1896,  this  fact  was  reported 
to  the  Society  and  the  Committee  on  Legislation  was  in- 
structed to  oppose  the  bill.  April  22d,  the  Society  adopted 
a  "  memorial"  against  the  bill.*  May  26th,  the  Senate 
Committee  on  the  District  reported  the  bill  with  amend- 
ments (Report  No.  1049,  Calendar  No.  1144). 

October  7th,  the  Society  adopted  the  following  resolu- 
tions : 

"  The  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia  here- 
by invites  the  bureaus,  departments,  schools  of  medicine 
and  scientific  societies  hereafter  named  to  unite  with  it  in 
the  organization  of  a  commission  to  be  constituted  of  one 
representative  from  each  of  such  bureaus,  departments, 
schools  of  medicine  and  scientific  societies,  which  shall  be 
known  as  the  'Joint  Commission  on  Vivisection,'  charged 
with  the  duty  of  investigating  the  practice  of  animal  ex- 
perimentation in  this  District  and  representation  of  the 
constituent  organizations  before  Congress  in  such  manner 
as  said  commission  may  determine. 

"  2d.  That  this  invitation  be  extended  to  the  Bureaus  of 
Medicine  and  Surgery  of  the  Army,  Navy  and  Marine 
Hospital  Service  and  Animal  Industry,  the  Medical  De- 
partments of  the  Columbian,  Georgetown,  Howard  and 
National  Universities,  and  to  the  Chemical,  Biological, 
Anthropological,  Entomological  and  Philosophical  Socie- 
ties of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

"  3d.  That  the  expense  of  the  Joint  Commission  shall 
be  defrayed  in  equal  proportion  by  each  bureau,  depart- 
ment, school  and  society  represented  in  said  Joint  Commis- 
sion. 

*  This  memorial  is  printed  in  Senate  Report  No.  1049,  Calendar  No.  1144,  p.  128  ;  also 
in  the  jXaiionai  Medical  Revie-v,  1896-7,  I,  p.  14;  also  in  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1896,  I, 
P.  14. 


1 82  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

"4th.  The  Corresponding  Secretary  is  requested  to 
transmit  a  copy  of  the  preamble  and  resolutions  to  each  of 
the  bureaus,  departments,  schools  and  societies  named  and 
request  their  concurrence  and  the  name  and  address  of  their 
representatives." 

The  resolutions  were  adopted.  Dr.  S.  C.  Busey  was  ap- 
pointed to  represent  the  Medical  Society. 

February  3,  1897,  Dr.  Busey  stated  that  a  movement 
had  been  made  to  have  the  medical  societies  of  the  several 
States  organize  committees  to  meet  in  Washington  once 
a  year  to  look  after  matters  of  interest  to  physicians  and 
the  passage  of  such  bills  as  the  American  IMedical  Associ- 
ation might  approve.  February  17th,  the  Society  decided 
to  cooperate  with  this  movement. 

May  13th,  the  Senate  Committee  on  the  District  reported 
favorably  an  anti-vivisection  bill  (1063) ;  the  bill  was  sim- 
ilar to  1552  of  the  previous  session. 

The  attention  of  the  Society  was  next  called  to  the 
matter  December  6,  1899,  when  it  was  informed  that  a 
new  bill  on  the  subject  (Senate,  34)  had  been  introduced 
and  referred. 

February  21,  1900,  Dr.  W.  C.  Woodward  reported  to  the 
Society  an  analysis  of  the  arguments  on  vivisection  ;  the 
Society  approved  the  same,  and  ordered  that  a  copy  be 
sent  to  the  Senate  Committee  on  the  District* 

[The  subject  has  not  since  been  brought  to  the  attention 
of  the  Society.  Anti-vivisection  bills  have  continued  to 
be  introduced  in  Congress,  but  none  have  passed.  The 
work  of  the  Joint  Commission  itself  may  be  summarized 
as  follows  : 

[The  Commission  met  November  23  and  December  18, 
1896,  and  January  23,  1897.  Dr.  Busey  was  elected  Chair- 
man, Dr.  D.  S.  Lamb,  Secretary,  and  Dr.  G.  M.  Sternberg, 


'  See  Senate  Document  337  ;  a  hearing  before  the  Committee.  February  21,  1900. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  1 83 

Treasurer.  The  members  of  the  commission  were  :  Drs.  S. 
C.  Busey,  representing  the  Medical  Society  ;  Walter  Reed, 
the  U.  S.  Army  ;  D.  V.  Salmon,  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry ;  E.  A.  de  Schweinitz,  Medical  Department  Co- 
lumbian University  ;  C.  W.  Stiles,  Georgetown  University  ; 
R.  Reyburn  and  D.  S.  Lamb,  Howard  University  ;  W.  M. 
Sprigg,  National  University ;  H.  N.  Stokes,  the  Chemical 
Society  ;  G.  M.  Sternberg,  the  Biological  Society ;  Frank 
Baker,  the  Anthropological  Society.  The  Navy  and  Ma- 
rine Hospital  Service  were  not  then  represented.  Later 
Dr.  M.  J.  Rosenau,  of  the  Marine  Hospital  Service,  was 
added. 

[Drs.  Sternberg,  Salmon  and  Stiles  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  prepare  an  appropriate  reply  to  the  Senate  report. 
General  Sternberg  offered  to  admit  to  the  Army  Medical 
Laboratory  any  one  interested  in  seeing  the  work  done 
there.* 

[At  the  meeting,  March  30th,  General  Sternberg  was  di- 
rected to  prepare  a  letter  to  the  Senate  District  Committee 
asking  that  before  any  legislation  was  enacted  there  should 
be  an  investigation  of  the  charges  of  cruelty.  Dr.  Busey 
was  directed  to  try  to  interest  the  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  and 
induce  it  to  appoint  a  committee  to  assist  in  opposing  the 
bill.  He  stated  that  the  State  Medical  Societies  of  New 
York  and  Ohio  had  each  resolved  to  appoint  a  committee 
to  attend  during  the  session  of  Congress  and  influence 
legislation  in  medical  matters. 

[At  the  meeting.  May  i8th.  Dr.  Busey  stated  that  the 
Congress  of  American  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  its  recent 
meeting  had  appointed  a  committee  to  take  suitable  action. 
Drs.  Salmon,  Sternberg  and  Baker  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  prepare  a  protest  against  bill  1063.  f 

[At  the  meeting,  "November  12,  1898,  Dr.  Busey  stated 
that  the  American  Humane  Society  would  meet  in  Wash- 
ington in  December  and  would  consider  the  regulation  of 
vivisection  in  the  District.  The  Commission  directed  the 
Secretary  to  call  the  attention  of  the  prominent  medical 
and  scientific  journals  of  the  country  to  the  meeting  of  the 

•see  Document  31  to  accompany  Report  1049,  Senate  Bill  1552. 
tSee  Document  104,  Senate,  January  31,  1898. 


184  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

American  Humane  Society  and  request  that  editorial  notice 
be  taken  of  the  danger  that  the  influence  likely  to  be 
exerted  at  that  meeting  might  cause  the  vivisection  bill 
pending  in  the  Senate  to  be  called  up  and  passed. 

[January  9,  1902,  the  Commission  had  another  meeting; 
Dr.  Busey  having  died,  Dr.  G.  N.  Acker  represented  the 
]\Iedical  Society ;  Drs.  W.  W.  Johnston  and  G.  ^I.  Kober 
were  also  added  to  the  Commission,  and  Dr.  Kober  was 
elected  Chairman,  The  meeting  was  called  because  an- 
other anti-vivisection  bill  had  been  introduced  into  the 
Senate  and  it  was  desirable  to  secure  a  hearing.  Accord- 
ingly a  letter  asking  such  a  hearing  was  prepared  and  sent 
to  the  Senate  Committee, 

[No  further  meetings  have  been  held, — D,  S.  Lamb.] 

May  6,  1896,  the  Society  contributed  $100  to  the  fund 
for  the  "  Pasteur"  monument. 


THE   EYES   OF   SCHOOL   CHILDREN. 

June  3,  1896,  the  Society  appointed  a  committee  to  re- 
port upon  the  advisability  of  a  systematic  examination  of 
the  eyes  of  school  children  in  the  District ;  Drs,  C.  R. 
Dufour,  E.  O.  Belt  and  I.  Bermann  were  the  committee. 
June  loth,  the  committee  reported  that  it  believed  the 
welfare  of  the  school  children  required  such  examination, 
and  the  matter  should  be  brought  to  the  attention  of  the 
trustees  of  the  schools.  The  committee  found  that  a  large 
majority  of  the  children  suffered  from  lack  of  visual  acuity, 
but  did  not  know  it.  An  examination  made  yearly  would 
reveal  all  ocular  troubles  and  give  the  opportunity  to  have 
them  corrected.  The  committee  was  recommended  by  the 
Society  to  wait  upon  the  trustees  and  urge  the  adoption  of 
such  regulations  as  would  secure  such  examination ;  the 
committee  to  cooperate  with  the  trustees. 


Wm.  LITTLETON  ROBINS 


PRESLEY  CRAIG  HUNT 


47 


48 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  1 85 

PURE   FOOD   AND    DRUGS   IN   THE   DISTRICT  OF   COLUMBIA. 

January  4,  1897,  the  Committee  on  Legislation  presented 
to  the  Society  a  bill  (House  Bill  9842),  which  had  passed 
the  House  of  Representatives,  in  regard  to  the  adulteration 
of  food  and  drugs.  The  Society  approved  the  bill  and  in- 
structed the  committee  to  urge  its  passage  in  the  Senate. 

February  9,  1898,  Drs.  G.  N.  Acker  and  L.  W.  Glaze- 
brook  were  appointed  by  the  Society  delegates  to  the 
Pure  Food  Congress,  and  Drs.  G.  M.  Kober  and  G.  Wythe 
Cook  members  of  the  Advisory  Committee  of  the  Congress. 

November  8th,  five  delegates  were  appointed  by  the  So- 
ciety to  the  next  succeeding  Food  Congress,  namely,  Drs. 
Z.  T.  Sowers,  W.  W.  Johnston,  C.  H.  A.  Kleinschmidt,  G. 
L.  Magruder  and  G.  M.  Kober.* 

April  18,  1900,  the  Society  adopted  resolutions  to  the 
effect  that  the  interests  of  medical  science  required  the 
establishment  of  a  Bureau  of  Materia  Medica  in  order  to 
institute  disinterested  investigation  into  the  character  and 
value  of  new  drugs.  The  Society  recommended  to  the 
Decennial  Committee  of  1900  on  the  revision  of  the  Phar- 
macopoeia the  creation  of  such  a  bureau  under  its  author- 
ity. 

January  14,  1903,  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Soci- 
ety made  a  report  to  the  Societyf  which  stated  that  a  bill 
had  been  passed  by  the  House  of  Representatives  that  pre- 
judiced the  results  of  all  the  work  that  the  Society  had 
done  toward  securing  purity  of  food  and  drugs,  including 
milk,  in  this  District.  The  committee  asked  that  the  So- 
ciety endorse  a  protest  that  it  had  made  against  the  pas- 

*  December  18,  1899,  a  bill  was  introduced  in  the  House  (House  Bill  4618)  to  establish 
a  Food  Bureau  in  the  Agricultural  Department.  January  3,  1900,  a  bill  (Senate  Bill 
2050)  was  introduced  into  the  Senate;  January  8,  another  (Senate  Bill  2222)  ;  March 
5th,  still  another  (Senate  Bill  3618),  and  December  18th,  still  another  (Senate  Bill 
5262).     In  the  House  a  report  was  made  (Report  No.  1426). 

t  See  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1903-4,  II,  p.  54. 


1 86  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

sage  of  the  bill.  The  Society  approved  the  action  of  the 
committee. 

January  27,  1904,  the  Executive  Committee  reported 
that  there  were  two  bills  (Senate,  198,  and  House,  6295,) 
pending,  the  object  of  which  was  to  prevent  the  adultera- 
tion of  food,  drugs,  etc.,  but  that  the  House  bill  was  objec- 
tionable. The  Society  instructed  the  committee  to  favor 
the  Senate  bill. 

March  14,  1906,  the  Society  approved  Senate  Bill  88, 
Pure  Food  and  Drugs.  The  bill  passed  June  30th.*  Oc- 
tober 3d,  the  Executive  Committee  was  instructed  to  con- 
sider what  effect,  if  any,  the  so-called  Pure  Food  and  Drugs 
Act  would  have  on  the  practice  of  medicine  in  this  District. 
It  does  not  appear  that  the  committee  made  any  report. 

THE   OPIUM    HABIT. 

January  20,  1897,  a  letter  was  read  to  the  Society  stating 
that  a  committee  of  The  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of 
the  District  of  Columbia  had  investigated  the  extent  of  the 
opium  habit  in  Washington  and  had  made  a  report.  A 
copy  of  this  report  was  transmitted  to  the  Medical  Society 
and  was  referred  by  it  to  its  Committee  on  Legislation  ; 
this  committee  forwarded  the  report  to  Congress,  by  which 
it  was  printed  as  Senate  Document  74  and  introduced  into 
the  Senate,  January  21st,  and  referred  to  the  District  Com- 
mittee. The  report  was  considered  in  connection  with 
House  Bill  No.  10,038  (Senate  Bill  3575),  regulating  the 
sale  of  poisons.  The  House  bill  having  passed,  the  Soci- 
ety, April  7th,  ordered  a  memorial  favoring  the  bill.f 

March  30,  1898,  the  Society  became  a  constituent  mem- 
ber of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  Drs.  D. 
S.  Lamb,  G.  M.  Kober  and  S.  M.  Burnett  were  appointed 

*  See  Statutes,  U.  S.,  1905-6,  chap.  3915. 
+  See  Senate  Document  15,  1897. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  1 87 

a  committee  to  make  nominations  of  members  of  the  Soci- 
ety to  membership  in  the  Academy. 

April  20,  1898,  a  joint  meeting  of  the  Washington  An- 
thropological Society  and  Medical  Society  was  held  at  the 
room  of  the  latter,  at  which  the  subject  of  "  Treatment  and 
Education  of  the  Deaf"  was  discussed.  Papers  were  read 
by  Drs.  Frank  Baker,  R.  Reyburn,  E.  M.  Gallaudet  and 
D.  S.  Lamb. 

May  4th,  the  Committee  on  Public  Health  was  requested 
to  investigate  and  report  on  the  plumbing  regulations  of 
the  District,  with  regard  to  the  use  of  lead  pipes  in  the 
water-supply  service,  and  to  especially  consider  the  ques- 
tion of  the  danger  of  lead  poisoning. 

May  nth,  the  Society  requested  the  delegates  from  the 
District  of  Columbia  to  the  American  Medical  Association 
to  cooperate  with  the  other  delegates  in  organizing  a  Com- 
mittee on  National  Legislation. 

April  26,  1899,  there  was  another  joint  meeting  of  the 
Washington  Anthropological  Society  and  Medical  Society 
at  the  room  of  the  latter.  The  subject  was  "  The  Effects 
of  Modern  Firearms  in  War."  Papers  were  read  by 
Dr.  G.  M.  Kober  and  three  medical  officers  of  the  U.  S. 
Army — Drs.  L.  A.  La  Garde,  W.  C.  Borden  and  E.  L. 
Munson. 

May  3,  1899,  a  letter  was  received  from  M.  P.  Key,  sug- 
gesting that  the  Society  make  a  study  of  the  subject  of 
longevity  in  connection  with  the  announced  World's  Fair 
in  Paris,  1900.  A  committee  was  appointed  by  the  Society, 
consisting  of  Drs.  Z.  T.  Sowers,  W.  W.  Johnston  and  G.  M. 
Kober,  to  consider  the  matter  and  report.  May  31st,  the 
committee  made  a  partial  report,  which  was  accepted.* 
The  complete  report  was  published  in  Tra7is.  Med.  So- 
ciety^ V,  1900,  page  I. 

*Nat.  Med.  Rev.,  1899-1900,  IX,  pp.  365,  647. 


1 88  MEDICAID     SOCIETY 

THE   SOCIETY    AND   THE   HEALTH   OF    SCHOOL    CHILDREN. 

October  4,  1899,  the  Committee  on  Public  Health  made 
a  report  in  regard  to  the  health  of  children  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  On  the  nth,  the  So- 
ciety appointed  a  committee  of  76  members,  auxiliary  to 
the  Committee  on  Public  Health,  to  assist  in  the  investiga- 
tion into  the  health  of  these  children.*  Some  objection 
was  made  to  the  published  report,  and  March  10,  1900,  the 
Committee  on  Public  Health  made  another  report, t  and 
June  13th  still  another  report. 

CODIFICATION    OF    THE   LAWS    OF    THE    DISTRICT   OF 
COLUMBIA. 

December  13,  1899,  the  Committee  on  Legislation  re- 
ported that  December  nth  a  letter  had  been  sent  to  A.  S. 
Worthington,  Esq.,  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the 
Bar  Association  on  the  District  Code,t  protesting  against 
some  proposed  changes  in  the  code. 

February  28,  1900,  the  Committee  on  Legislation  re- 
ported to  the  Society  that  it  had  collected  certain  laws 
relating  to  the  health  of  the  District,  and  submitted  them 
to  the  Bar  Association  with  the  understanding  that  they 
would  be  included  in  the  code. 

May  1 6th,  the  Society  ordered  that  a  protest  be  sent  to 
the  U.  S.  Senate  against  the  amendments  to  Senate  Bill 
3812,  which  amended  the  law  in  regard  to  the  testimony 
of  physicians ;  also  against  section  1636  of  the  code  which 
repealed  the  charter  of  the  Society  and  the  act  regulating 

*See  Trans.  Med.  Society.  IV,  1899,  p.  135,  for  report  of  committee. 

+  See  Trans.  Med.  Society.  V,  1900,  p.  43,  and  Nat.  Med.  Rev.,  1900-1,  X.  pp.  99  and  431. 
J  See  Senate  Bill  5530,  Fifty-fifth  Congres.s  ;  Minutes  of  Society,  pp.  345-9  ;   Trans.  So- 
ciety, 1899,  IV,  pp.  212-4;  Nat.  Med.  Review.  1899-1900,  IX,  p.  596. 


DIvSTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  189 

the  practice  of  medicine  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
all  health  and  sanitary  regulations.* 

October  3d,  letters  were  read  in  regard  to  the  proposed 
code,  stating  that  it  repealed  the  Medical  College  Act  and 
other  matters  of  interest  to  the  medical  profession.  The 
letters  were  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Legislation. f 

December  12th,  the  Committee  on  Legislation  submitted 
the  correspondence,  including  the  letters  of  Dr.  G.  Wythe 
Cook  of  December  7th,  as  chairman  of  the  committee,  to 
Ashley  M.  Gould,  Esq.,  of  the  Bar  Association,  relating  to 
Senate  Bill  3812,  and  December  8th,  and  Gould's  reply 
of  this  date.l 

March  13,  1901,  the  Society  was  notified  that  the  "  Code 
bill"  had  passed  Congress  and  had  become  a  law. 

March  24,  1900,  the  District  Commissioners  referred 
Senate  Bill  3424,  Fifty-sixth  Congress,  First  Session,  to 
the  Society,  for  remark.  The  bill  was  entitled  "  For  the 
regulation  of  scientific  experiments  upon  human  beings  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,"  and  had  been  introduced  into 
the  Senate  March  2d.  March  28th,  the  matter  came  before 
the  Society  and  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Legisla- 
tion. The  committee  reported,  April  4th  ;  the  report  was 
approved  by  the  Society  and  ordered  to  be  forwarded  to 
the  Commissioners.  It  took  the  ground  that  the  bill  was 
unnecessary  and,  if  enacted,  would  be  harmful.  §  The  bill 
failed  to  pass. 

April  II,  1900,  the  Society  directed  the  Committee  on 
Public  Health  to  inquire  into  the  subject  of  hydrophobia 
and  make  report.  The  committee  made  a  report,  June 
13th,  recommending  that  all  dogs  appearing  on  the  streets 

*  See  Trans.  Society,  1900,V,  p.  94 ;  National  Medical  Review.  1900-1,  X,  p.  270. 

^  National  Medical  Review ,  1899-1900,  IX,  p.  495. 

X  See  Public  Document  159. 

§  See  Trans.,  V,  1900,  p.  65  ;  Nat.  Med.  Review.  X,  1900-1,  p.  201. 


IQO  MEDICAI.    SOCIETY 

and  highways  be  required  to  be  muzzled ;  that  owners  be 
held  liable  for  damage  done  by  their  dogs  ;  that  the  pound- 
master  take  up  and  destroy  all  dogs  not  so  muzzled,  etc. 
The  report  and  recommendations  were  adopted  and  the 
committee  directed  to  send  copies  to  the  District  Commis- 
sioners, to  the  Senate  Committee  on  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, to  the  public  press  and  the  Marine  Hospital  Service.* 

October  3d,  a  letter  was  read  from  the  National  Associ- 
ation for  the  Study  of  Epilepsy,  asking  the  Society  to 
appoint  a  committee  to  ascertain  the  number  and  condi- 
tion of  epileptics  under  public*  care  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia. The  letter  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on 
Public  Health. 

The  same  evening  a  letter  was  read  from  the  Committee 
on  Revision  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  1900,  requesting  the 
Society  to  recommend  what  substances  and  preparations 
should  be  dropped  from  or  added  to  its  new  Pharmaco- 
poeia. The  Society  appointed  a  committee,  consisting  of 
Drs.  F.  P.  Morgan,  G.  J.  Lochboehler,  W.  M.  Sprigg,  J.  E. 
Brackett  and  S.  E.  Lewis,  to  consider  the  matter.  No- 
vember 7th,  the  committee  reported  a  list  of  substances 
recommended  to  be  dropped,  and  the  report  was  accepted 
November  i4th.t 

January  23,  1901,  the  Society  appointed  Dr.  H.  L.  E. 
Johnson  a  delegate  to  the  Pan  American  Congress. 

SPITTING   IN   PUBLIC. 

May  29,  1 901,  the  Committee  on  Public  Health  reported 
to  the  Society  the  following  resolution  :  "  Spitting  upon 
paved  sidewalks  creates  a  nuisance  dangerous  to  health, 

*  See  Bull.  25,  1900,  Dept.  Agriculture  ;   Trans.  Med.  Society,  V,  1900,  p.  135  ;  Nat.  Med. 
Review,  1900-1,  X,  p.  431. 
t  See  Trans.  Med.  Society,  V,  1900,  p.  201. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  I9I 

and  should  be  forbidden  by  law."     The  resolution  was 
adopted. 

March  i8,  1903,  the  same  committee  reported  the  fol- 
lowing resolutions,  which  were  adopted  by  the  Society  : 

'''•Resolved^  That  the  Committee  on  Public  Health  is 
hereby  authorized  to  use  the  best  efforts  to  obtain  the  en- 
actment of  the  law  which  should  prohibit  the  spitting 
upon  the  sidewalks  by  persons  in  the  District.  Resolved^ 
That  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  endorse  the  pro- 
posed action  of  the  Honorable  Commissioners  of  the  Dis- 
trict in  promulgating  a  public  regulation  which  shall 
prohibit  the  spitting  upon  the  sidewalks  by  persons  of  the 
District." 

MEDICAL    INSPECTION    OF   SCHOOLS   IN    THE    DISTRICT  OF 

COLUMBIA. 

June  5,  1901,  Dr.  D.  S.  Lamb  read  a  paper  on  "The 
Medical  Inspection  of  Schools,"  which  was  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Public  Health,  with  instructions  to  prepare 
a  plan  of  inspection.  The  committee  reported,  December 
4th,*  and  its  report  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Leg- 
islation. This  committee,  however,  had  already  considered 
the  report  and  promptly  made  thereon  its  own  report,  f 
and  recommendations,  which  were  adopted  by  the  Society, 
and  the  Committee  on  Legislation  was  instructed,  January 
6,  1902,1  to  forward  a  copy  of  the  report  to  the  District 
Commissioners,  Board  of  Education,  D.  C,  and  to  Con- 
gress, and  use  all  proper  efforts  to  secure  legislation  pro- 
viding for  such  inspection.  January  14,  1903,  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  reported  §  that  it  had  communicated  with 
the  Committee  on  Appropriations  of  the  House  of  Repre- 

•  See  Trans.  Med.  Society,  VI,  1901,  p.  304. 
t  Trans.,  VI,  1901,  p.  315. 
t  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1902,  I,  p.  79. 
§  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1903-4,  II,  p.  54. 


192  MEDICAI,     SOCIETY 

sentatives,  urging  the  establishment  of  such  inspection 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Health  Department.  An 
appropriation  was  made,  taking  effect  July  i,  1903. 

PSYCHO-PHYSICAL   LABORATORY. 

October  30,  1901,  the  Society  adopted  a  resolution  favor- 
ing the  establishment  of  a  psycho-physical  laboratory  in 
Washington,  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  for  the 
study  of  the  physiology  and  psychology  of  man,  with  the 
view  of  applying  the  resulting  knowledge  to  the  problems 
of  sociology  and  jurisprudence.  The  resolution  further 
stated  that  the  scientific  study  of  criminals  of  the  pauper 
degenerate  classes  in  an  institution  would  tend  to  settle 
many  vexed  questions  as  to  their  proper  management  and 
control ;  that  such  study  could  emanate  only  from  a  labo- 
ratory fitted  with  instruments  of  precision.  The  study  of 
precocity  and  defective  mental  conditions  in  children 
would  be  of  great  service  in  determining  the  best  methods 
for  their  rearing  and  education.  February  3,  1904,  a  letter 
was  read  from  Dr.  Arthur  McDonald,  asking  the  further 
cooperation  of  the  Society  in  securing  the  passage  of  the 
bill  to  establish  the  laboratory.  The  letter  was  referred  to 
the  Executive  Committee. 

THE   INSANE   OF   THE   DISTRICT   OF   COLUMBIA. 

December  4,  1901,  the  Society  instructed  the  Committee 
on  Legislation  to  take  action  towards  securing  the  enact- 
ment of  a  law  providing  for  the  detention  of  alleged  lunatics 
pending  formal  adjudication  of  the  question  of  lunacy, 
when  such  lunatics  were  believed  to  be  dangerous  and  their 
environment  militated  against  recovery  ;  also  the  appoint- 
ment of  trustees  to  take  charge  of  the  property  of  persons 
incompetent  from  the  drug  habit. 


49 


50 


DISTRICT     OF     COI^UMBIA  1 93 

January  27,  1904,  the  Executive  Committee  reported 
two  bills  (Senate  2880,  House  8692)  for  the  apprehension 
and  detention  of  the  insane,  and  stated  that  the  bills  should 
be  amended.  The  Society  instructed  the  committee  to  try 
to  secure  the  desired  amendments. 

January  17,  1906,  a  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior was  read,  asking  the  cooperation  of  the  Society  in  his 
efforts  to  secure  the  passage  of  a  bill  amending  the  laws 
regulating  commitments  of  the  insane.  The  letter  was 
referred  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

THE   EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE   OF   THE  SOCIETY. 

An  Executive  Committee  was  provided  for  by  the  So- 
ciety, January  8,  1902,  to  replace  the  Committee  on  Legis- 
lation.    Its  duties  were — 

"  To  keep  informed  in  all  matters  concerning  the  inter- 
ests of  the  medical  profession  generally  and  of  the  Society 
and  its  members  in  particular  ;  to  consider  such  resolutions 
as  may  be  referred  to  it  by  the  Society ;  to  suggest  im- 
provements in  the  conduct  of  the  business  of  the  Society; 
to  consider  and  report  upon  matters  requiring  legislative 
action  ;  to  represent  the  Society  before  Congress  and  the 
Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  to  report 
its  operations  to  the  Society  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion 
may  require,  together  with  such  recommendations  as  it 
may  deem  proper." 

The  committee  went  promptly  to  work,  and  until  1908 
gave  its  attention  to  many  matters  that  were  referred  to  it 
by  the  Society.  Subcommittees  were  formed,  to  which 
subjects  for  inquiry  were  referred.  The  committee  com- 
municated at  intervals  with  the  committees  of  the  U.  S. 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  regard  to  legisla- 
tion, especially  with  the  Committees  on   Appropriations 


194  MEDICAI,     SOCIETY 

and  the  District  of  Columbia ;  also  with  the  Commission- 
ers of  the  District  and  with  officers  of  the  executive  de- 
partments of  the  U.  S.  Government.  From  time  to  time 
members  of  the  committee  attended  "  hearings"  before  the 
bodies  and  persons  indicated,  for  the  purpose  of  securing 
or  opposing  legislation.  Altogether,  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee has  done  much  and  excellent  work,  the  extent  and 
scope  of  which  are  almost  unknown  to  the  members  of  the 
Society  other  than  those  who  have  been  members  of  the 
committee. 

The  most  important  subjects  considered  by  the  commit- 
tee have  been  as  follows  : 

1902 — February  19th — Recommended  the  Society  to  au- 
thorize a  prize  essay  and  rules  in  regard  thereto. 

Recommended  the  publication  of  a  journal  of  the  Society 
and  some  conditions  therefor. 

In  regard  to  the  proposed  municipal  hospital. 

March  5th — In  regard  to  the  condemnation  of  insanitary 
buildings. 

The  production  and  sale  of  milk  and  cream  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia. 

That  the  initiation  fee  for  membership  should  be  reduced 
to  $5.00. 

Recommended  approval  of  certain  recommendations  of 
the  Auditing  Committee. 

That  one  Wednesday  evening  in  the  month  should  be 
devoted  to  pathological  specimens. 

That  meetings  should  begin  promptly  at  8  o'clock. 

That  papers  should  be  discussed  the  same  evening  that 
they  are  read. 

Protesting  against  a  certain  bill  in  Congress  (Senate  190) 
to  prevent  cruelty  to  animals  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Against  a  bill  (Senate  3068)  to  regulate  scientific  exper- 
iments on  human  beings  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  1 95 

March  2 2d — Urged  appropriation  to  complete  filter  plant. 

April  2d — In  regard  to  the  proposed  consolidation  of  the 
medical  work  of  the  government  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

April  1 6th — Report  on  bill  to  regulate  sale  of  serums, 
etc.,  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

May  8th — Medical  inspection  of  schools. 

June  nth — In  regard  to  Maryland  physicians  practicing 
in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

November  nth — In  regard  to  the  filtration  plant. 

November  19th — Report  on  certain  legislation  author- 
izing appointment  of  guardians  for  property  of  persons  ad- 
dicted to  use  of  opium,  etc. 

In  regard  to  promotion  of  anatomical  science. 

1903 — January  14th — Report  in  regard  to  manufacture 
and  sale  of  adulterated  food  and  drugs. 

January  13th — In  regard  to  medical  inspection  of  schools. 

In  regard  to  a  certain  prize  essay. 

January  29th — In  regard  to  accessibility  of  records  of 
births  and  deaths  in  the  Health  Department,  D.  C. 

January  30th — In  regard  to  the  filtration  plant ;  mechan- 
ical filtration. 

Medical  inspection  of  schools. 

February  ist  and  i8th — Report  on  the  minor  contagious 
diseases. 

In  regard  to  a  complimentary  dinner  to  Charles  Moore. 

March  nth — In  regard  to  inspection  of  food  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia. 

In  regard  to  commitment  of  lunatics  in  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

March  18th — In  regard  to  having  a  reference  library  in 
the  Public  Library,  D.  C. 

November  4th — Proposed  change  in  counting  votes  in 
the  Society. 

November  18th — The  Milk  Commission. 


1 96  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

1904 — January  27th — In  regard  to  the  adulteration,  mis- 
branding and  imitation  of  foods,  beverages,  candies,  drugs 
and  condiments  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

In  regard  to  the  abatement  of  nuisances  in  the  District 
of  Columbia. 

Apprehension  and  detention  of  insane  persons  in  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

Condemnation  of  insanitary  buildings  in  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

In  regard  to  the  commission  to  examine  into  the  sani- 
tary condition  of  the  U.  S.  Government  Departments. 

The  prevention  of  communicable  diseases  in  the  District 
of  Columbia. 

In  regard  to  physicians  to  the  poor. 

February  24th — In  regard  to  the  registration  of  physi- 
cians in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

In  regard  to  the  issuance  of  patents  covering  operations 
on  the  human  body  or  methods  to  be  employed  in  opera- 
tions. 

March  6th — Legislation  on  tuberculosis  in  the  District 
of  Columbia. 

1905 — November  8th — To  control  the  pollution  of  the 
Potomac  water. 

In  regard  to  the  pharmacy  and  poison  law. 

1906 — January  loth — Endorsing  the  efforts  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  the  District  of  Columbia  to  secure  an  appro- 
priation for  erection  of  hospital  for  consumptives. 

Recommending  that  the  proper  representatives  of  the 
Society  join  the  Association  of  State  Medical  Journals. 

January  17th — Recommending  that  the  Society  meet  at 
the  Columbian  University. 

In  regard  to  preliminary  steps  toward  preventing  pollu- 
tion of  interstate  streams. 

March  i6th — Legislation  in  regard  to  the  insane  of  the 
District  of  Columbia. 


1 


DISTRICT    OF    COIvUMBIA  1 97 

May  9th — Memorial  protesting  against  passage  of  bill 
to  regulate  practice  of  osteopathy  in  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia. 

December  5th — Report  of  action  of  committee  on  osteo- 
pathic bill. 

1907 — January  7th — In  regard  to  the  reclamation  of  the 
Anacostia  flats. 

In  regard  to  the  American  Medical  Union. 

January  23d — In  regard  to  regulation  of  production  and 
sale  of  milk  in  District  of  Columbia. 

February  20th — In  regard  to  the  osteopathic  bill. 

March  20th — Thanking  Dr.  G.  h.  Magruder  for  his  work 
in  regard  to  the  milk  supply  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

In  regard  to  the  spread  of  communicable  diseases  in  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

May  2  2d — In  regard  to  the  proposed  building  of  a  place 
for  meetings  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences,  etc. 

November  20th — In  regard  to  transferring  legislative 
matters  from  the  Medical  Society  to  the  Medical  Associa- 
tion of  the  District. 

December  4th — Ditto. 

1908 — May  13th — In  regard  to  the  proposed  weekly 
periodical  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences. 

February  26,  1902,  the  Committee  on  Public  Health 
made  a  report  recommending  that  the  laws  of  the  District 
in  regard  to  poisons  be  amended  so  as  to  include  methyl 
alcohol  and  all  substances  known  to  contain  it,  in  the  list 
of  poisons.*  The  committee  also  recommended  that  a 
printed  copy  of  a  paper  read  before  the  Society  by  Dr.  S. 
M.  Burnett,  on  the  same  subject,  be  sent  to  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  District  and  the  District  Committees  of 
Congress.     The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Society  was 

*  See  Report  of  the  Health  Officer,  1900,  p.  74. 


198  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

requested  to  make  an  effort  to  secure  appropriate  legisla- 
tion, 

March  5th,  the  Society  authorized  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee to  endorse  a  bill  (Senate  Bill  3244)  creating  a 
commission  for  the  condemnation  of  unsanitary  buildings, 
etc.,  and  to  take  such  action  as  might  be  necessary  to  se- 
cure the  legislation.  January  27,  1904,  the  committee 
reported  that  two  bills  in  relation  to  this  subject  were  be- 
fore the  Senate  (2131  and  3155,  House  6289  and  9293). 
The  committee  was  instructed  to  favor  the  better  legisla- 
tion. 

April  2,  1902,  the  Executive  Committee  made  a  report 
favoring  the  consolidation  of  all  the  medical  work  of  the 
District  Government  under  one  officer,  namely,  the  Health 
Officer.*  The  committee  was  authorized  to  take  appro- 
priate action, 

April  1 6th,  the  Executive  Committee  made  a  report 
recommending  a  bill  to  regulate  the  sale  of  viruses  and  se- 
rums in  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  Society  endorsed 
the  recommendation  and  authorized  the  committee  to 
take  appropriate  action,  f 

]\Iay  14th,  a  committee  of  Maryland  physicians — Drs, 
Griffith,  Taylor  and  Perry — appeared  before  the  Society, 
asking  its  aid  in  obtaining  legislation  that  would  secure 
reciprocity  in  medical  practice  between  Maryland  and  the 
District,  The  matter  was  referred  to  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. 

June  4th,  by  invitation  of  Dr.  A,  B.  Richardson,  Super- 
intendent of  the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  D.  C, 
many  members  of  the  Society  visited  the  hospital  and  were 
entertained  by  the  hospital  staff.  A  paper  on  "  The  treat- 
ment of  acute  insanity"  was  read  by  Dr.  Richardson,  and 

*  See  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1902,  I,  p.  269. 
t  See  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1902.  I,  p.  274. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI,UMBIA  1 99 

an  inspection  made  of  the  hospital  by  the  members  of  the 
Society. 

January  14,  1903,  the  Society  endorsed  the  proposition 
that  a  medical  man  should  be  appointed  upon  the  Isthmian 
Canal  Commission, 

ASSOCIATION   OF   STATE    MEDICAL   JOURNALS. 

March  9,  1904,  a  letter  was  read  to  the  Society  from  Dr. 
J.  O.  Bullitt,  Secretary  of  the  Kentucky  State  Medical 
Association,  asking  the  appointment  of  a  delegate  to  a 
meeting  to  be  held  at  Atlantic  City  to  organize  an  associa- 
tion of  State  medical  journals.  The  letter  was  referred  to 
the  Editorial  Committee,  which  reported  March  30th, 
recommending  that  the  delegate  be  appointed  as  requested. 
Accordingly,  Dr.  D.  S.  Lamb  was  appointed,  with  Dr.  W. 
A.  Wells  as  alternate. 

May  24,  1905,  Dr.  G.  M.  Kober  was  appointed  delegate 
to  the  Association  of  State  Medical  Journals. 

January  10,  1906,  the  Society  authorized  those  who 
should  be  the  proper  representatives  of  the  Society,  namely, 
the  members  of  the  Editorial  Committee,  to  join  the  Asso- 
ciation of  State  Medical  Journals. 

November  16,  1904,  Drs.  G.  M.  Kober,  H.  L.  E.  Johnson 
and  N.  P.  Barnes  were  appointed  delegates  to  the  Pan- 
American  Medical  Congress,  to  meet  at  Panama. 

November  22,  1905,  Dr.  G.  Wythe  Cook  was  appointed  to 
represent  the  Society  at  the  meeting  of  the  Civic  Center, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

November  29th,  a  joint  meeting  of  the  Anthropological 
Society  and  Medical  Society  was  held  at  the  room  of  the 
latter.     The  subject  "  Diseases   among   the  Indians"  was 


200  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

discussed  by  Dr.  A.  Hrdlicka,  of  the  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum.* 

REVIEWERS. 

December  13,  1905,  Dr.  McLaughlin,  in  his  Presidential 
address,  recommended  that  "  a  number  of  the  younger  mem- 
bers should  be  selected  to  review  the  progress  made  during 
the  year  in  the  different  specialties  and  in  general  med- 
icine," and  appointed  a  member  and  a  subject  for  each 
month  of  1906  during  the  session  of  the  Society,  the  re- 
viewer to  alternate  with  the  monthly  essayist.  The  cus- 
tom of  appointing  reviewers  then  inaugurated  has  since 
then  been  followed  each  year  by  the  retiring  President. 

January  17, 1906,  the  Society  requested  the  Commissioners 
of  the  District  to  take  steps  to  bring  about  a  meeting  of  the 
Supervising  Surgeon  General  of  the  U.  S.  P.  H.  and  M.  H. 
S.  and  the  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Hydro-economics  of  the 
Geological  Survey,  to  consider  the  subject  of  the  pollution 
of  interstate  streams. 

March  7th,  the  Executive  Committee  made  a  report  re- 
commending the  establishment  of  a  public  crematorium  as 
a  means  of  limiting  the  spread  of  contagious  diseases.  Also 
recommending  Senate  Bill  3644,  relating  to  police  sur- 
geons. The  Society  adopted  both  recommendations.  The 
committee  opposed  the  incorporation  by  Congress  (Senate 
Bill  3603)  of  the  American  Institute  for  Drug  Proving,  un- 
less the  bill  should  state  that  it  was  in  the  interest  solely 
of  the  Homeopathic  school.  The  Society  endorsed  the 
position  of  the  committee.  The  committee  also  reported 
favorably  House  Bill  4462,  regulating  child  labor.  Also 
House  Bill  8997,  regulating  the  practice  of  pharmacy ; 
Senate  Bill  47,  creating  a  board  for  the  condemnation  of 
unsanitary  buildings  ;  and  Senate  Bill  2475,  in  regard  to 

*  See  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1905,  IV,  p.  372. 


51 


52 


DISTRICT    OF    COIvUMBIA  20I 

the  public  schools  of  the  District,  recommending  the  con- 
tinuation of  medical  inspection  and  the  appointment  of 
visiting  school  nurses.  All  of  which  were  approved  by 
the  Society. 

March  14th,  the  Society  approved  the  bill  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  Anacostia  flats ;  Senate  Bill  4506,  for 
the  registration  of  births ;  and  the  regulation  by  the 
Health  Officer  of  the  sanitary  condition  of  barber  shops. 
Also  House  Bill  15,918,  regulating  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  patent  and  proprietary  remedies,  and  Senate  Bill 
4830,  for  the  registration  of  deaths  and  removal  of  dead 
bodies. 

April  nth,  the  Society  appointed  a  committee — Drs. 
Sowers,  S.  S.  Adams,  Hickling,  Nichols  and  S.  Ruffin — to 
cooperate  with  a  corresponding  committee  of  the  Homeo- 
pathic Medical  Society  in  regard  to  the  common  interests 
of  the  medical  profession. 

The  same  date,  the  Executive  Committee  reported  to 
the  Society,  objecting  to  House  Bill  16,955,  ^^  regulate 
the  practice  of  osteopathy  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
approved  Senate  Bill  51 18,  favoring  legislation  toward 
preventing  scarlet  fever,  etc. 

May  9th,  the  Society  adopted  a  memorial  to  Congress, 
opposing  the  bill  regarding  osteopathy. 

May  23d,  a  letter  was  read  from  the  Red  Cross  Associa- 
tion, asking  donations  of  books  and  instruments  for  San 
Francisco  physicians  who  had  lost  books  and  instruments 
in  the  San  Francisco  earthquake  and  fire.  The  Society 
authorized  the  Librarian  to  receive  and  transmit  such 
donations.* 

October  3d,  a  letter  was  read  from  Hon.  Wm.  H.  De- 
Lacey,  Judge  of  the  Juvenile  Court  of  the  District,  asking 
the  cooperation  of  the  medical  profession  in  certain  aspects 

*  See  Annals,  V,  p.  427. 


202  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

of  the  work  of  that  Court.  The  letter  was  referred  to  the 
Executive  Committee. 

December  5th,  the  Executive  Committee  was  instructed 
to  appear  before  the  Committee  on  Legislation  of  the 
Amer.  Med.  Association  and  oppose  the  "  Osteopathy"  bill. 
The  Executive  Committee  was  also  directed  to  aid  in  se- 
curing the  establishment  of  a  bacteriological  laboratory  for 
the  Health  Department  of  the  District. 

January  7,  1907,  the  Executive  Committee  was  instruct- 
ed to  cooperate  with  the  Commissioners  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  in  securing  the  passage  of  a  bill  before  Congress 
for  the  reclamation  of  the  Anacostia  flats  ;  also  to  oppose 
the  bill  in  Congress  to  incorporate  the  "American  Medical 
Union." 

March  27th,  the  Executive  Committee  was  instructed  to 
consider  a  letter  received  in  regard  to  the  desirability  of  a 
home  for  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences  and  the 
affiliated  societies.  May  22d,  the  committee  reported,  en- 
dorsing the  project  as  advisable,  and  stating  that  the  Society 
would  require  a  room  large  enough  to  accommodate  500 
persons,  and  a  small  room  for  its  library,  safe,  etc.,  and 
would  be  willing  to  pay  about  $200  per  year  as  rent ;  and 
pledged  the  cooperation  of  the  Society  in  the  effort  to  pro- 
vide the  desired  building.     The  report  was  adopted. 

THE   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 

April  loth  and  24th,  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs. 
Acker,  W.  F.  R.  Phillips,  L.  Mackall,  J.  D.  Morgan  and 
J.  W.  Chappell,  was  appointed  to  meet  a  similar  committee 
of  the  Medical  Association,  D.  C,  to  consider  the  relations 
of  the  Medical  Society  and  Medical  Association.  May 
15th,  the  committee  reported,  recommending  that  the  con- 
stitution of  the  Medical  Association  be  so  amended  as  to 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  203 

provide  for  the  consideration  of  all  matters  relative  to  ques- 
tions of  legislation  on  medical  subjects  both  general  and 
local ;  and  that  the  Medical  Association  be  so  constituted 
as  to  make  it  sufficiently  a  scientific  body  to  have  it 
conform  to  the  requirements  of  the  American  Medical 
Association.  The  report  was  adopted  and  the  committee 
continued. 

November  20th,  the  Executive  Committee  recommended 
that  the  legislative  matters  in  its  hands  be  transferred  to 
the  corresponding  committee  of  the  Medical  Association  of 
the  District.  December  4th,  a  resolution  was  adopted  by 
the  Society  providing  that  the  Executive  Committee  should 
suspend  consideration  of  any  legislative  matters  then  pend- 
ing before  Congress  until  otherwise  instructed  by  the 
Society. 

April  15,  1908,  the  Society  was  entertained  at  St.  Eliza- 
beth Hospital  for  the  Insane,  D.  C,  by  invitation  of  the 
Superintendent,  Dr.  Wm.  A.  White. 

May  13th,  the  Executive  Committee  reported  favorably 
on  a  proposition  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences 
to  publish  a  weekly  periodical ;  and  the  Society  adopted 
the  report. 

January  4,  1909,  a  letter  was  read  from  Dr.  W.  A.  White, 
Superintendent  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  in- 
viting the  members  of  the  Society  to  attend  meetings  of 
the  staff  of  that  hospital,  at  which  papers  would  be  read 
upon  psychiatry,  etc.  The  Society  accepted  the  invitation 
and  ordered  that  the  notice  of  the  meetings  should  appear 
on  the  program  cards  of  the  Society. 

January  27th,  the  Executive  Committee  recommended 
that  the  Society  approve  the  Medical  Practice  Act  then 
before  Congress.     The  Society  gave  its  approval. 

February  loth,  the  Editorial  Committee  was  authorized 


204  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

to  publish  the  dates  of  meetings  of  the  medical  societies  of 
the  District. 

April  2ist,  Dr.  Biscoe  requested  a  ruling  from  the  Presi- 
dent as  to  the  right  of  members  to  smoke  during  the  meet- 
ings of  the  Society.  The  President  ruled  that  smoking  was 
out  of  order,  basing  his  decision  on  the  long  established 
custom  of  the  Society. 

April  28th,  a  letter  was  received  from  the  Secretary  of 
the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences  setting  forth  a  pro- 
position to  cooperate  with  the  George  Washington  Me- 
morial Association  in  efforts  to  erect  a  memorial  building 
to  George  Washington,  the  building  to  provide  meeting 
places  for  the  Academy  of  Sciences  and  its  affiliated  societies, 
and  asking  the  Medical  Society  to  appoint  a  committee  to 
consider  the  matter  jointly  with  one  from  the  Academy. 
Drs.  I.  S.  Stone,  McLaughlin  and  Shute  were  appointed. 

May  5th,  the  following  were  appointed  delegates  to  the 
Pharmacopoeial  Convention :  Drs.  Motter,  Chappell  and 
Prentiss. 


MEMBERSHIP. 


MEMBERSHIP. 


HONORx\RY  MEMBERS  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 


ELECTED   IN  1819. 

Wii,UAM  BBans,  Upper  Marlboro,  Md.,  Died  Oct.  12,  1823. 

JOHANN  Heinrich  ChausepiE,  Hamburg,  Germany.     Died. 
James  Mann,  Asst.  Surg.,  U.S.  A.,  Died  Nov.  7,  1832. 

Samuel  Latham  Mitchili.,  New  York  City,  Died  Sept.  7,  1831. 

John  Spence,  Dumfries,  Va.,  Died  May  18,  1829. 


1820 

Nathaniel  Chapman,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Joshua  Fisher,  Beverley,  Mass., 
John  McClellan,  Greencastle,  Pa., 
William  N.  Mercer,  New  Orleans,  La. 


Died  July  i,  1853. 
Died  March  21,  1833. 
Died  1836. 
Died. 


1821 

Parker  ClEaveland,  Brunswick,  Me., 

Daniel  Coney,  Augusta,  Me., 

Thomas  Tickell  Heu^son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

James  Jackson,  Boston,  Mass., 

Philip  Syng  Physick,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 

Nathaniel  Potter,  Baltimore,  Md., 

John  Collins  Warren,  Boston,  Mass., 

Benjamin  WaTERhouse,  Boston,  Mass., 


Died  Oct.  15,  1858. 
Died  Jan.  21,  1842. 
Died  Feb.  17,"  1848. 
Died  Aug.  27,  1867. 
Died  Dec.  15,  1837. 
Died  July  2,  1843. 
Died  May  4,  1856. 
Died  Oct.  2,  1846. 


1823 

Joseph  Parrish,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 


Died  March  18,  1840. 


1839 

Lewis  Fields  Linn,  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
Luther  Riley,  Pennsylvania, 
William  Taylor,  Manlius,  N.  Y., 


Died  Oct.  3,  1843. 

Died. 

Died  Sept.  16,  1865. 


208 


MEDICAID     SOCIETY 


1866 

Joseph  K*  Barnes,  Surg.  Gen.,  U.  S.  A., 

1874 

William  Maxwell  Wood,  Surg.  Gen.,  U.  S.  N. 
Joseph  Janvier  Woodward,  Surg.,  U.  S.  A., 

1815 

John  Shaw  Billings,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
Charles  Henry  Crane,  Surg.  Gen.,  U.  S.  A., 
George  Alexander  Otis,  Surg.,  U.  S.  A., 

1892 

fTHOMAS  AnTisELL,  Washington,  D.  C, 

1895 


Died  April  5,  1S83. 


Died  March  i,  1880.  , 
Died  Aug.  17,  1884. 


New  York  City. 
Died  Oct,  10,  1883. 
Died  Feb.  23,  1881. 


Died  June  14,  1893. 


Thomas  Almond  Ashby,  Baltimore,  Md. 

fBEDFORD  Brown,  Alexandria,  Va., 

Landon  Carter  Gray,  New  York  City, 

William  Osler,  Baltimore,  Md., 

W.  H.  Palmer,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Theophilus  Parvin,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 

Moses  Wadleigh  Russell,  Concord,  N.  H., 

Frederick  Cheever  Shattuck,  Boston,  Mass. 

George  Miller  Sternberg,  Surg.  Gen.,  U.S.A.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

James  Rufus  Tryon,  Surg.  Gen.,  U.  S.  N. 

Walter  Wyman,  Sup.  Surg.  Gen.,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S.,  Washington,  D.  C 


Died  Sept.  13,  1897. 
Died  May  8,  1900. 
Now  Oxford,  Engl'd. 

Died  Jan.  29,  1898. 
Died  April  18,  1896. 


Washington,  D.  C. 


1896 

Robert  Fletcher,  Army  Med.  Library, 

1900 

Abraham  Jacobi,  New  York  City. 

1905 

William  Williams  Keen,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
John  Herr  Musser,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


*  General  Barnes  used  the  letter  "  K"  to  distinguish  himself  from  another  Dr.  Joseph 
Barnes, 
t  See  name  also  among  active  members. 


53 


Joyce  Enq. 


54 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  2O9 


ACTIVE    MEMBERS    OF   THE   SOCIETY. 


The  names  of  the  active  members  of  the  Society  have 
been  arranged  in  the  order  in  which  they  were  elected  to 
membership,  so  far  as  the  dates  could  be  ascertained.  Jan- 
uary. 5,  1870,  the  constitution  was  amended  to  the  effect 
that  thereafter  a  member  elect  should  become  an  actual 
member  on  signing  the  constitution  and  by-laws.  As 
more  than  one  hundred  members  since  1838  have  not  signed 
the  constitution  at  all,  and  some  signed  many  years  after 
election,  the  only  equitable  arrangement  prior  to  1870  seems 
to  be  according  to  the  date  of  election. 

The  records  in  many  cases  are  defective,  and  in  such 
cases  the  date  of  election  can  only  be  approximate  ;  some 
persons  were  nominated  to  membership,  but  there  is  no 
date  at  all  of  their  election  although  they  paid  their  assess- 
ments and  were  recognized  as  members.  There  are  many 
mistakes  and  contradictions  in  the  records,  such  as  inev- 
itably occur  to  some  extent  in  all  records,  especially  those 
which  have  been  kept  by  different  officers,  having  different 
degrees  of  accuracy  in  their  methods.  It  is  believed,  how- 
ever, that  in  the  main  the  following  records  of  elections 
are  correct ;  certainly  very  much  valuable  time  has  been 
spent  in  the  effort  to  make  them  so. 

May  10,  1889,  the  attention  of  the  Society  was  called  to 
the  fact  that  some  members  had  never  signed  the  constitu- 
tion, and  a  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Drs. 
Toner,  T.  C.  Smith  and  Franzoni,  to  "ascertain  and  report 
the  names  and  number  of  such  physicians,  the  status  and 
seniority,  if  any,  of  such  membership,  how  such  defect  or 
lapsed  membership  may  be  determined  and  corrected,  and 
how  the  seniority  of  such  incomplete  or  lapsed  membership 

14 


2IO  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

may  be  adjusted  with  fairness  and  justice  to  the  seniority 
of  complete  membership.  The  committee  shall  also  deter- 
mine and  prepare,  on  or  before  the  first  Monday  in  Jan- 
uary, 1894,  a  full  and  complete  roster,  arranged  according 
to  seniority  of  membership,  of  every  living  resident  mem- 
ber ;  to  each  must  be  affixed  the  date  and  place  of  birth, 
the  date  of  graduation  in  medicine,  with  name  of  alma 
mater^  together  with  all  scientific  degrees  and  institution, 
with  date  of  such  decoration." 

June  7th,  the  committee  reported  the  names  of  members 
who  had  failed  to  sign  the  constitution,  and  recommended 
that  opportunity  should  be  given  to  them  to  sign  and  in 
that  way  preserve  their  seniority.  The  report  and  recom. 
mendation  were  adopted. 

In  addition  to  the  records  named  in  the  Preface  as  having 
been  consulted  in  preparing  the  general  history,  the  follow- 
ing have  also  been  consulted  for  personal  histories  : 

Dictionary  of  American  Biography ;  by  F.  S.  Drake ; 
Boston,  1872. 

History  of  the  Medical  Department,  U.  S.  Army,  1775 
to  1873;  by  H.  E.  Brown;  Washington,  1873. 

Medical  Register  and  Directory  of  the  United  States ;  by 
S.  W.  Butler  ;  Philadelphia,  1874. 

Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  United  States  ;  by  W.  B. 
Atkinson;  Philadelphia,  1878  and  1880. 

Alphabetical  list  of  Battles  and  Roster  of  Regimental 
Surgeons;  N.  S.  Strait;  Washington,  1882. 

Polk's  Medical  Directory  ;  nine  editions,  1886  to  date. 

Appleton's  Cyclopedia  of  American  Biographies ;  New 
York,  1887-9  I  6  volumes. 

Army  and  Navy  Register ;  T.  H.  S.  Hamersly ;  New 
York,  1888. 

Biography  of  Eminent  American  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons;  by  R.  F.  Stone;  Indianapolis,  1894. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  211 

Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  America ;  by  I.  A.  Watson ; 
Concord,  N.  H.,  1896. 

lyist  of  Officers  of  Army  of  United  States,  1779  to  1900 ; 
by  W.  H.  Powell ;  New  York,  1900. 

Howard  University  Medical  Department ;  by  D.  S. 
Lamb  ;  Washington,  1900. 

History  of  the  City  of  Washington  ;  by  the  Washington 
Post^  1903. 

Notable  Americans ;  Twentieth  Century  Biographical 
Dictionary  ;  by  Johnston  and  Brown  ;  Boston,  1904 ;  10 
volumes. 

American  Men  of  Science  ;  by  J.  M.  Cattell ;  New  York, 
1906. 

The  War  of  the  Rebellion  ;  106  volumes. 

Who's  Who  in  America  ;  four  editions. 

Georgetown  University  in  the  District  of  Columbia ; 
New  York,  1907. 

University  of  Maryland  ;  New  York  and  Chicago,  1907; 
2  volumes. 

American  Biographical  Directory;  Washington,  1908. 

In  order  to  save  space  some  abbreviations  have  been 
used  in  the  sketches,  all  of  which  probably  are  self-explan- 
atory ;  but  lest  some  should  not  be  so,  it  may  be  stated  that 
the  letters  A.  M.  A.  mean  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion ;  U.  S.  A.,  the  United  States  Army ;  U.  S.  N.,  the 
United  States  Navy ;  U.  S.  P.  H.  and  M.  H.  S.,  the  United 
States  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital  Service ;  C.  S. 
A.,  Confederate  States  Army ;  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland,  Med. 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland;  N.  G.,  National 
Guard  ;  G.  A.  R.,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  ;  A.  A.  A.  S., 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science. 

Names  of  Colleges  and  Universities  are  briefly  stated  ; 
thus,  Georgetown  is  Georgetown  College  or  University,  D. 
C.    Where  an  institution  has  been  known  by  several  names, 


212  MEDICAID    SOCIETY 

that  by  which  it  has  been  longest  and  best  known  has  been 
adopted  in  the  sketches  ;  thus,  the  present  Medical  Dept. 
of  George  Washington  University  was  at  first  known  as 
the  Med.  Dept.  of  Columbian  College  ;  in  1847  this  was 
changed  to  "  National"  Medical  College,  with  the  pro- 
vision, however,  that  the  relation  to  Columbian  College 
should  continue.  In  1873  ^^^  Columbian  College  became 
Columbian  University.  In  1894  the  name  "National" 
was  dropped.  In  fact,  there  was  at  the  time  another  col- 
lege in  Washington  known  by  the  name  of  the  Med.  Dept. 
of  the  National  University.  In  1904  "  Columbian"  was 
changed  to  "  George  Washington"  University.  In  these 
sketches  the  institution  is  known  as  Columbian. 

No  mention  is  made  in  the  individual  sketches  of  mem- 
bership or  of  offices  held  in  the  Medical  Society  (except 
only  in  a  few  instances)  because,  as  a  matter  of  course,  the 
mere  fact  of  the  presence  of  the  name  indicates  such  mem- 
bership ;  and  there  are  lists  of  officers  in  the  Appendix. 

Authorship. — An  examination  of  the  Index  Catalogue  of 
the  Surgeon  General's  Library  will  show  that  altogether 
the  members  of  this  Society  have  published  some  books, 
large  and  small,  and  very  many  papers  in  the  medical  peri- 
odicals. The  list  is  so  extensive  that,  while  at  first  it  was 
the  intention  to  publish  under  the  name  of  each  member 
the  titles  of  all  his  literary  productions,  it  was  found  that 
the  publication  would  require  much  more  space  than  could 
possibly  be  given  thereto.  As  it  would  be  invidious  to 
publish  for  one  and  not  another,  it  was  decided  to  simply 
state  the  fact  that  such  lists  can  be  found  under  the  re- 
spective names  in  the  said  Index  Catalogue,  to  which  the 
inquirer  is  therefore  referred.  The  titles  of  the  more  im- 
portant works,  as  books,  have  been  mentioned  under  the 
members'  names. 

As    originally    prepared,    the    following   sketches    were 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  2I3 

rather  full ;  a  revision  was  necessary  and  was  made,  but  it 
was  evident  that  even  with  this  revision  they  would  occupy 
more  space  than  could  legitimately  be  given  to  them.  Ac- 
cordingly a  second  revision  was  made,  reducing  them  to 
statements  of  the  facts  of  little  more  than  the  medical  life 
of  the  individual.  The  sketches  begin  with  a  synopsis  of 
the  birth  of  the  individual,  his  degrees  and  whence  de- 
rived, and  prominent  military  or  civil  positions  held. 
Where  biographical  sketches  had  been  previously  pub- 
lished the  references  thereto  are  given,  so  that  the  inquirer 
can  consult  them. 

SEPTEMBER    26,   1817 

1.  CHARLES  WORTHINGTON— Born  Oct.  8,  1759,  "Summer  Hill," 
Anne  Arundel  Co.,  Md.  M.  B.,  1782,  Univ.  Penna.  One  of  the  founders 
of  the  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty  of  Maryland  ;  an  incorporator  of  the 
Medical  Society,  D.  C,  under  its  first  charter.  Father  of  Dr.  N.  W. 
Worthington,  infra.  Died  Sept.  lo,  1836.  [His  grandfather,  John 
Worthington,  was  the  first  of  the  family  in  America.]  Studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  James  Murray,  of  Annapolis,  Md.  Was  Surgeon  to  four  barges, 
"Maryland  flotilla,"  captured  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  1782.  Removed  to 
Georgetown,  Md.,  in  1783  ;  lived  on  "Quality  Hill,"  corner  of  Prospect  and 
Fayette  Streets.  One  of  the  founders  of  St.  John's  Church,  Georgetown, 
the  second  Episcopal  Church  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  Dressed  in 
the  old  style,  hair  en  queue,  knee  breeches,  long  stockings,  shoe  buckles. 
Drove  a  coach  and  four.  The  first  President  of  the  Medical  Society. 
He  and  Dr.  Frederick  May  were  the  most  influential  medical  men  of  the 
time  in  the  District.  At  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Bladensburg  and  the 
burning  of  Washington  some  wounded  British  officers  were  brought  to 
Worthington's  house.  He  "so  won  the  hearts  of  the  English  by  his 
hospitality  and  skillful  care  that  one  of  the  oflicers  presented  him  with  a 
gold  snuffbox."  Married  Miss  Elizabeth  Booth,  of  Jamestown,  Va. 
See  Trans.  Med.  Soc,  75th  Anniv.,  p.  30;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p. 
122  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Feb.  i,  1904  ;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1905-6, 
IV,  p.  71;  Cordell,  Med.  Annals  of  Maryland,  1903,  p.  632. 

2.  JAMES  HEIGHE  BLAKE— Born  June  11,  1768,  Calvert  Co.,  Md. 
Graduated,  1789,  at  American  Med.  Society,  Philadelphia;  not  M.  D.  Was 
an  incorporator  of  the  Med .  Society,  D.  C. ,  under  the  first  charter  ;  Medical 
Supervisor  of  Hospitals,  Washington,  in  1814;  Mayor  of  Washington, 
1813-17.     Father  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Blake,  infra.     Died  July  26,  1819.     [Son  of 


214  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Joseph  and  Mary  Heighe  Blake;  descendant  of  a  family  of  lower  Marj-- 
land  planters,  who  came  to  the  colony  soon  after  its  first  settlement.] 
Removed  to  Georgetown  soon  after  1789.  Built  a  house  S.  W.  corner 
Gay  and  Congress  Streets,  and  began  to  practice.  In  iSoo  removed  to 
Colchester,  Va.;  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Legislature.  In  1809  re- 
sumed practice  in  Washington,  and  was  also  appointed  Collector  of 
Internal  Revenue,  D.  C.  Largely  through  his  efforts  the  charter  of 
Washington  was  changed,  and  he  became  Mayor  in  June,  1813  ;  was  re- 
elected annuall}'  till  1S18.  In  1818-19  was  Register  of  Wills,  D.  C. 
Married  in  1789.     See  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  125. 

3.  HENRY  HUNTT— Born  in  Maryland,  1782.  Licentiate  of  Med, 
and  Chirurg.  Faculty,  Maryland  ;  Honorary  M.  D.,  1824,  Univ.  Md.  An 
incorporator  of  the  Medical  Society  under  both  charters;  Hospital  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Army,  1814-15.  The  first  Health  Officer  of  Washington, 
afterward  President  of  Board  of  Health,  1822-33.  Consulting  physician, 
Central  Cholera  Hospital,  1S32;  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Med.  Associ- 
ation, D.  C;  member  Washington  Med.  Society;  delegate  to  Amer. 
Pharm.  Convention,  1819;  established  a  Dispensary  in  Washington,  Oct. 
20,  1819.  Died  Sept.  21,  1838.  Author  of  "  Observations  on  a  change  of 
climate  in  pulmonary  consumption,"  etc.,  Washington,  1834;  "A  visit 
to  the  Red  vSulphur  Springs  of  Virginia,"  etc.,  Washington,  1838,  Boston, 
1839,  Philadelphia,  1853.  See  Brown's  History,  p.  270;  Powell's  History. 
p.  107;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  133;  Medical  Examiner,  Philadel- 
phia, 1838,  p.  363. 

4.  THOMAS  HENDERSON— Born  Jan.  6,  1789,  Dumfries,  Va.  M.  D., 
1809,  Univ.  Penna.  An  incorporator  of  the  Society  under  the  first  char- 
ter ;  Assist.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army.  Died  Aug.  11,  1854,  at  his  son-in-law's, 
Gen.  F.  H.  Smith,  Commandant  Va.  Mil.  Institute,  Lexington,  Va. 
[Son  of  Alexander  Henderson,  of  Dumfries,  prominent  as  a  friend  of  the 
colonies  in  the  war  of  the  American  Revolution  ;  brother  of  Gen.  Archi- 
bald Henderson,  many  years  Commandant,  U.  S.  Marine  Corps.]  Began 
practice  in  Warrenton,  Va.  In  18x6  removed  to  Georgetown,  D.  C,  and 
in  1826  to  Washington.  In  1824-33  ^^s  Prof.  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Medicine,  Columbian  Med.  College,  Washington.  In  1833  was  appointed 
Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Served  on  various  medical  boards  for  examination 
of  candidates  for  admission  to  army  medical  staff.  On  the  basis  of  his 
recommendations  the  Medical  Corps  was  reorganized  in  1834.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  the  establishment  of  the  Naval  School  at  Annapolis  was  partly 
due  to  his  letters  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  in  1845.  He  was  largely 
instrumental  in  the  rebuilding  of  Christ  Church,  Georgetown,  and  in 
building  Trinity  Church,  Washington.  In  his  house  were  held  the 
conferences  that  led  to  the  establishment  of  the  Theological  Seminary, 


DISTRICT     OF     COIvUMBIA  215 

Alexandria,  Va.  Author  of  "  Epitome  of  the  physiology,  general  anat- 
omy and  pathology  of  Bichat,"  Philadelphia,  1829;  "Hints  on  the 
medical  examination  of  recruits  for  the  Army,"  etc.,  Philadelphia,  1840, 
1856.  See  Brown's  History,  p.  292  ;  Powell's  History,  p.  369 ;  Busey's 
Reminiscences,  p.  135. 

5.  WILLIAM  JONES— Born  April  12,  1790,  Rockville,  Md.  Under- 
graduate, Univ.  Penna.,  1812.  Licentiate,  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty, 
Maryland  ;  not  M.  D.  Was  an  incorporator  of  the  Society  under  both 
charters.  Hospital  Surgeon's  Mate,  U.  S.  Army,  1813-15.  One  of  the 
founders  of  the  Med.  Association,  D.  C,  and  President,  1850-8.  Post- 
master of  Washington,  1829-39,  1841-5,  1858-61.  Died  June  25,  1867. 
One  of  the  founders  of  Washington  Med.  Institute  and  Med.  Association, 
D.  C.  Educated  in  Breckenridge's  classical  school,  "Harewood"  (now 
part  of  Soldiers'  Home  Park),  and  his  Academy  at  Rockville.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Tyler,  of  Frederick,  Md.  After  taking  one  course  of 
lectures  at  Univ.  Penna.  he  entered  the  U.  S.  Army.  Assistant  to  Dr.  J. 
H.  Blake,  sicpra,  in  the  military  hospital  near  U.  S.  Arsenal,  Washington. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Blake, 
and  when  the  latter  died,  fell  heir  to  his  practice.  Member  of  the  noted 
"Jackson  Central  Committee"  that  antagonized  President  John  Quincy 
Adams.  Member  of  Washington  Med.  Institute,  National  Institute  and 
Patholog.  Society,  Washington.  See  Brown's  History  ;  Powell's  History  ; 
Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  June  26,  1867;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1868,  XIX, 
p.  433  ;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  127  ;  Biograph.  Sketch,  by  J.  B. 
Blake,  1867  ;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  of  Maryland,  1903,  p.  461. 

6.  THOMAS  SIM— Born  1770,  Frederick  Co.,  Md.  Son  of  Dr.  Joseph 
Sim.  Removed  to  Washington  about  1810.  M.  B.,  1820;  M.  D.,  1823, 
Univ.  Penna.  An  incorporator  of  the  Society  under  its  first  charter. 
Married  Harriet  Love,  of  Langley,  Va.  In  1813  (June  26)  delivered  a 
eulogy  on  Dr.  Benj.  Rush,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  and  sometime  Physician-General  of  the  Continental  Army. 
Died  of  epidemic  cholera,  Sept.  13,  1832,  while  President  of  the  Society. 
See  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  138. 

7.  ALEXANDER  McWILLIAMS— Born  in  1775,  St.  Mary's  Co.,  Md. 
Undergraduate  Med.  Dept.  Univ.  Penna.;  Honorary  M,  D.,  1841,  Colum- 
bian. Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  both  charters ;  Asst.  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  Navy,  1802-5  ;  President  of  Med.  Association,  D.  C,  1847-50. 
Father  of  Dr.  Alexander  McWilliams,  infra.  Died  March  31,  1850.  [Was 
of  Scotch  descent.  The  first  of  the  family  who  came  to  this  country. 
Escaped  from  threatened  arrest  for  treason  on  account  of  political  con- 
nection with  the  party  of  the  Pretender.]  Served  in  the  Tripolitan  War; 
was  present  at  the  burning  of  the  "  Philadelphia."     On  his  return  voy- 


2 1 6  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

age  was  taken  ill  with  a  continued  fever  and  was  left  at  Gibraltar  for 
several  weeks.  Returned  home  on  the  frigate  "  Constitution,"  and  was 
then  stationed  at  the  Navy  Yard,  Washington.  Soon  afterward  resigned 
from  the  Navy  and  commenced  private  practice,  locating  near  the  Navy 
Yard,  which  was  in  the  most  thickly  populated  part  of  the  city.  It  is 
said  that  Dr.  Frederick  May  expressed  to  him  regret  that  he  should 
commence  the  practice  of  medicine  in  this  city,  because  there  was  no 
more  business  than  May  could  conveniently  attend  to.  He  gave  at- 
tention to  the  natural  sciences,  especially  botany,  to  the  neglect  of  his 
professional  work.  Sometime  Professor  of  Botany  in  Columbian  Med. 
College.  Published  "  Flora  of  the  District  of  Columbia."  Member  of  Bot- 
anic Club  that  published  in  1830  "  Prodromus  of  the  Flora  Columbiana," 
Built  a  conservatory  and  aviary  and  made  a  large  collection  of  minerals. 
Invented  a  ship  gauge  that  was  approved  by  a  board  of  naval  officers  ; 
some  of  his  models  were  destroyed  in  the  Patent  Office  fire.  Was  the 
first  physician  in  this  country  to  use  adhesive  plaster  for  extension  in 
fracture.  Consulting  physician  to  Eastern  Cholera  Hospital,  1832;  phy- 
sician to  Washington  Asylum,  1815-50.  Member  Med  Institute,  National 
Institute  and  Patholog.  Society  of  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  April  i,  1850;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  132;  Therap.  Gaz., 
Sept.  15,  1894. 

8.  ROBERT  FRENCH— Born  in  1787,*  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1809,  Univ. 
Penna.  Practiced  medicine  for  a  while  in  Georgetown.  Incorporator  of 
the  Society  under  the  first  charter;  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army  and  Asst. 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  Navy,  1S20-35.  Died.  Aug.  13,  1835.  See  Brown's  His- 
tory, p.  290;  Powell's  History,  p.  319. 

9.  SAMUEL  CABELL  HORSLEY— Born  in  I798,t  Amherst  Co.,  Va. 
Probably  not  M.  D.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  the  first  charter  ; 
Asst.  Surgeon  and  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy,  1809-14.  Died  Sept.  8,  1821 
or  1828,  at  Portsmouth,  Va.  Educated  at  Washington  College,  now 
Washington  and  Lee  Univ.,  Va.,  1804-6.  Was  on  Perry's  flagship  at 
Battle  of  Lake  Erie,  escaping  with  Perry  in  an  open  boat  when  the  ship 
went  down.  Married  Mary  Ann  Banning-Denny,  of  Talbot  Co.,  Md. 
See  Hamersly's  Register. 

10.  JAMES  T.  JOHNSON— M.  D.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under 
the  first  charter.     Nothing  more  known  of  him. 

11.  J.  PONTE  COULANT  McMAHON— M.  D.  Surgeon's  Mate, 
3d  U.  S.  Inf.;  Post  Surgeon;  Asst.  Surgeon  and  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army, 
resigning  Oct.  30,  1834.  Died  April  14,  1837,  at  New  Orleans,  La.  See 
Brown's  History,  pp.  281-290;  Powell's  History,  p.  473. 

*Probably  Maryland  ;  the  District  was  not  created  until  1790. 

tSo  stated  in  the  catalogue,  1885,  but  evidently  a  mistake;  probably  1778. 


iVk* 


WM.  PEYTON  TUCKER 


JAMES  RICHARDTUBMAN 


Joyce  fn^  Co. 


55 


.S6 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  21  7 

12.  PEREGRINE  WARFIELD— Born  Feb.  8,  1779,  Anne  Arundel 
Co.,  Md.  [Son  of  Dr.  C.  A.  and  Eliza  Warfield  ;  he  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty  of  Maryland.]  Licentiate, 
1817,  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty  ;  practiced  a  few  years  at  Liberty,  Md.  ; 
married  Harriet,  daughter  of  Dr.  Francis  Sappington,  of  Liberty.  In 
the  political  riots  in  Baltimore,  181 2,  was  wounded  while  defending  the 
Federalist  Press  of  Hon.  C.  A.  C.  Hanson.  Removed  to  Georgetown, 
D.  C.  Incorporator  of  Medical  Society  under  both  charters.  Died  at 
Georgetown,  July  24,  1856.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Aug.  5,  1856  ; 
Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  129  ;  Cordell's  Med,  Annals  Maryland,  1903, 
p.  609. 

13.  GEORGE  CLARKE  (spelled  both  with  and  without  the  terminal 
"  e").  Born  in  Essex  Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1810,  Univ.  Penna.  Incorporator 
of  the  Society  under  the  first  charter.  Died,  Oct.  5  or  10,  1822,  Essex  Co., 
Va.,  where  he  had  gone  on  a  professional  visit. 

14.  BENJAMIN  SCHENKMYER  BOHRER— Born  April  6,  1788, 
D.  C*  M.  D.,  1810,  Univ.  Penna.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  the 
first  charter.  Sometime  President  of  Board  of  Health,  Georgetown. 
Died  Aug.  19,  1862,  of  paralysis.  Educated  at  private  academy.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Chas.  Worthington,  supra.  Practiced  awhile  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  Removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1822  ;  appointed 
Prof.  Materia  Medica,  Ohio  Med.  College.  Served  several  sessions,  then 
returned  to  Georgetown.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  delegate,  1851,  to 
Amer.  Med.  Assn.  Visitor  to  Govt.  Hosp.  Insane,  D.  C.  Married  twice — 
first,  Eliza,  daughter  of  Nathan  and  Jane  Luffborough  ;  afterwards,  Mrs. 
Maria  (Taylor)  Forrest.  Was  the  originator  of  the  project  to  establish 
an  insane  asylum  in  this  District.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Aug.  20, 
1862;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1880,  XXXI,  p.  1018  ;  Busey's  Reminiscences, 
p.  129. 

15.  JOHN  HARRISON— Born  in  Prince  George  Co.,  Md.  Probably 
not  M.  D.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  the  first  charter;  Surgeon's 
Mate,  U.  S.  Navy.  Died  March  4,  1825.  [His  father  emigrated  from 
England  and  became  a  successful  planter  in  Maryland,  where  he  mar- 
ried a  Miss  Contee.]  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  John  Tyler,  of  Freder- 
ick, Md.  Was  many  years  Surgeon  at  Washington  Navy  Yard.  Married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  and  Catherine  (Gibson)  Hoffman,  of  Fred- 
erick.    A  son,  John  Hoffman  Harrison,  became  an  eminent  physician. 

16.  NICHOLAS  WILLIAM  WORTHINGTON— Born  1789,  D.  C*  M. 
D.,  1815,  Univ.  Penna.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  both  charters. 
Son  of  Dr.  Charles  Worthington,  supra.     Retired  from  practice  because 

*  Probably  Maryland  ;  see  note  to  No.  8. 


2  1 8  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

of  feeble  health,  and  removed  to  Brentwood,  near  Washington.  Died 
July  24  or  30,  1849.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  July  31,  1849;  Busey's 
Reminiscences,  p.  121. 

17.  JOHN  THOMAS  SHAAFF— Born  1763,  Frederick  Co.,  Md.  Prob- 
ably not  M.  D.;  Licentiate  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty,  Md.  Incorporator 
of  the  Medical  Society  under  the  first  charter.  Died  April  28,  1S19.  One 
of  the  founders  of  the  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty  ;  its  Treasurer,  1799- 
1801;  member  of  "Governor's  Council"  of  Marj-land,  179S-1800.  Said 
to  have  been  an  alumnus  of  Univ.  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  Married 
Mary  Sydebotham,  of  Bladensburg,  Md.  June  29,  1807,  a  public  meeting 
was  held  at  Annapolis,  to  denounce  the  attack  of  the  British  Frigate 
"  Leopard"  upon  the  U.  S.  Ship  "  Chesapeake,"  on  June  22d  off  Norfolk, 
and  to  "support  such  measures  as  should  be  adopted  by  the  Govern- 
ment." Dr.  ShaafF  was  one  of  a  committee  of  twelve,  including  the 
Governor  of  the  State,  "to  carry  out  the  resolutions."  See  Cordell's 
Med.  Annals  of  Maryland,  1903,  p.  564. 

18.  FREDERICK  MAY— Born  Nov.  16,  1773,  Boston,  Mass.  M.  B., 
1795  ;  M.  D.,  181 1,  Harvard.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  both 
charters  ;  President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1S33-46.  Father  of  Dr.  John 
Frederick  May  and  brother  of  Dr.  Geo.  W.  May,  infra.  Died  Jan.  23, 
1847.  Came  to  Washington  in  1795.  Physician  to  the  Eastern  Cholera 
Hospital  in  1832;  member  of  National  Institute,  Patholog.  Society  of 
Washington,  and  first  Board  of  Health,  Washington.  In  1823,  on  the 
establishment  of  the  Med.  Dept.  Columbian  College,  Washington,  he  was 
appointed  Professor  of  Obstetrics.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan.  25, 
1847,  published  in  Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  1847,  XXXVI,  p.  249; 
also  Drake's  Diet.  Amer.  Biog.,  1872,  p.  611  ;  Busey's  Reminiscences, 
p.  124. 

19.  JOEL  TRUMBULL  GUSTINE— M.  D.  Incorporator  of  the  So- 
ciety under  the  first  charter.     Died. 

20.  ELISHA  HARRISON— Born  in  1762,  Cecil  Co.,  Md.  Probably 
not  M.  D.  Surgeon's  Mate,  Maryland  line,  War  of  the  Revolution;  mem- 
ber Society  of  Cincinnati;  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Med.  and  Chirurg. 
Faculty,  Maryland.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  the  first  charter. 
Died  Aug.  24,  1819.  See  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  of  Maryland,  1903, 
p.  430- 

21.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  MAY— Born  in  1789,  Boston,  Mass. 
A.  M.,  1810;  M.  D.,  1813,  Harvard.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under 
both  charters.  Brother  of  Dr.  Frederick  May,  supra.  Died  in  1845. 
One  of  the  founders  of  the  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  member  Washington  Med. 
Society  and  Patholog.  Society.     See  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  205. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  219 

22.  ARNOLD  ELZEY— Born  in  1756,  Somerset  Co.,  Md.  A.  M., 
1775,  Princeton  ;  M.  D.  (?)  Garrison  Surgeon's  Mate  and  Post  Hospital 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army,  1814-18.  Died  June  6,  181S.  Of  English  descent. 
One  of  the  founders  of  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty  of  Maryland.  Physi- 
cian to  President  Madison.  See  Brown's  History,  pp.  271,  282  ;  Powell's 
History,  pp.  108,  301  ;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  of  Maryland,  1903,  p.  391. 

23.  RICHARD  WEIGHTMAN— Born  about  1792,  Alexandria,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1817,  Univ.  Maryland.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  the  first 
charter.  Post  Surgeon  and  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  Oct.  30,  1841,  at 
Fort  Marion,  Fla.  [His  father  was  from  Whitehaven,  England  ;  on  his 
mother's  side  he  came  of  the  Chew  family,  Maryland  ;  Gen.  Robert  C. 
VVeightman,  sometime  Mayor  of  Washington,  was  his  brother.]  Edu- 
cated in  Alexandria,  and  at  Union  College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  When 
the  British  entered  Washington,  in  1814,  Weightman  was  captured  and 
imprisoned.  Studied  medicine  with  Drs.  J.  H.  Blake  and  Wm.  Jones, 
supra.  Practiced  in  Washington  until  appointed  Asst.  Surgeon  in  the 
Army*  was  then  ordered  to  Florida  and  was  on  duty  at  St.  Augustine, 
Fla.,  until  his  death,  which  was  caused  by  a  wound  and  exposure.  Buried 
at  Weightman's  Bluflf,  opposite  Jacksonville.  He  never  married.  See 
Brown's  History,  pp.  283,  290  ;  Powell's  History,  p.  661. 

24.  EDMUND  BRICE  ADDISON— Born  Oct.  5,  1794,  at  Oxon  Hill, 
Prince  George  Co.,  Md.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  studied  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  George  Clarke,  supra,  and  Dr.  Philip  Syng  Dorsey,  Phila- 
delphia. M.  D.,  1815,  Univ.  Penna.  Practiced  in  Baltimore,  at  Upper 
Marlboro,  Reistertown  and  Owings  Mills,  Md.,  till  he  retired,  in  1849, 
and  removed  to  Alexandria,  Va.  ;  thence  to  Washington,  in  1877,  where 
he  died  Feb.  14,  1878.  Was  completely  blind  from  cataract  for  fifteen 
years.     See  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  of  Maryland,  1903,  p.  298. 

25.  EUSHA  CULLEN  DICK— Born  in  1750 or  1752,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 
M.  B.,  1782,  Univ.  Penna.  Resided  in  Alexandria,  D.  C;  was  Mayor 
and  Health  Officer  of  Alexandria.  Attended  Gen.  George  Washington 
in  his  last  illness.  Colonel  of  Cavalry.  Died  Sept.  22,  1825.  He  came 
of  a  distinguished  Colonial  family  of  Pennsylvania.  Studied  medicine 
with  Drs.  Benj.  Rush  and  Wm.  Shippen,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  began  prac- 
tice in  Alexandria  in  1782.  He  seems  to  have  adopted  the  name  Cullen 
after  graduation.  One  of  the  founders  and  for  some  years  Worshipful 
Master  of  the  first  lodge  of  Masonry  in  Alexandria,  chartered  in  1783, 
and  which  became  Alexandria  Lodge  in  1788,  with  Gen.  George  Wash- 
ington as  Worshipful  Master.  After  the  retirement  of  General  Washing- 
ton, in  1789,  Dr.  Dick  was  re-elected  and  served  for  some  years.  He 
conducted  the  Masonic  ceremonies  at  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone  of 


2  20  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

the  District  of  Columbia,  April  15,  1791,  at  Jones  Point,  at  the  mouth  of 
Hunting  Creek,  below  Alexandria,  and  when  the  corner  stone  of  the 
Capitol  at  Washington  was  laid,  in  1793,  he  marched  arm-in-arm  with 
Washington  and  took  part  with  the  latter  in  the  ceremonies.  He  also 
conducted  the  Masonic  services  at  the  funeral  and  burial  of  General 
Washington,  and  presided  at  the  Lodge  of  Sorrow.  He  was  one  of  the 
two  consulting  physicians  and  the  first  to  arrive  in  the  last  sickness  of 
General  Washington,  and  remained  with  the  illustrious  patient  during 
the  last  hours  of  his  life,  striving  with  his  colleagues,  Drs.  Craik  and 
Brown,  to  save  the  life  of  the  "  first  citizen  of  the  Republic."  "  The  his- 
toric events  with  which  he  was  so  prominently  associated  directly  connect 
the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  and  the  profession  of  medicine  with 
several  of  the  most  noteworthy  and  conspicuous  occurrences  in  the  foun- 
dation and  early  history  of  the  District.  Before  going  from  Alexandria 
to  Jones'  Point  he  invoked  the  blessing  that  the  stone  to  be  laid  might 
'  remain  an  immovable  monument  of  the  wisdom  and  unanimity  of  North 
America,'  and  after  the  return  of  the  Commissioners  and  others  to  Alex- 
andria, he  offered  the  following  sentiment  :  '  Brethren  and  Gentlemen  : 
May  jealousy,  that  green-eyed  monster,  be  buried  deep  beneath  the  work 
which  we  have  this  day  completed,  never  to  rise  again  within  the  Federal 
District.'  "  See  Trans.  Med.  Society,  Virginia,  1885,  XVI,  p.  267  ;  Bu- 
sey's  Reminiscences,  p.  144. 

2G.  WIIvLIAM  ARNOLD— M.  D.  Resided  in  Alexandria,  D.  C. 
Died. 

27.  THOMAS  SEMMES— Born  Aug.  13,  1779,  Prince  George  Co., 
Md.  M.  D.,  1801,  Univ.  Penna.  Died  July  31,  1833,  in  Alexandria,  D, 
C.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  E.  C.  Dick,  supra.  After  graduation 
spent  some  time  in  Europe,  after  which  he  practiced  in  Alexandria.  See 
Williams'  Amer.  Med.  Biog.,  1845,  p.  513. 

28.  GUSTAVUS  ALEXANDER  BROWN— Born  about  1790,  Alexan- 
dria, D.  C.  A.  B.,  1806,  Princeton;  M.  D.,  1815,  Univ.  Penna.  Resided 
in  Alexandria  until  1825,  when  he  removed  to  Smithland,  Ky.,  and  prac- 
ticed there  until  he  was  killed,  in  1835,  in  a  private  encounter.  Son  of 
Dr.  Wm.  Brown,  of  Alexandria,  who  was  Physician  General  during  the 
War  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  of  Catherine  Scott,  of  Scotch  de- 
scent.    Unmarried.     See  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  I,  1883,  p.  602, 

ELECTED   IN    1818 

29.  RICHARD  RANDALL— Born  May  13,  1796,  Annapolis,  Md.  M. 
D.,  1818,  Univ.  Penna.  Surgeon's  Mate,  Surg.,  4th  U.  S.  Inf.,  Post 
Surg,  and  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  \.,  1818-1S21;  practiced  in  Washington, 
1821-1828,  when   he  was  appointed  by  the  Amer.   Colonization  Society, 


DISTRICT     OF     COI^UMBIA  221 

Governor  of  Liberia.  Died  at  Monrovia,  Liberia,  April  19,  1829.  Son  of 
John  and  Deborah  Knapp  RandalL  Educated  at  St.  John's  College,  An- 
napolis, Md.;  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  John  Ridgely,  of  Annapolis. 
In  1827  was  appointed  Prof.  Chemistry,  Med.  Dept.  Columbian  College, 
D.  C.     See  Brown's  History,  p.  290  ;  Powell's  History,  pp.  283,  545. 

PROBABLY  1819 

30.  WILLIAM  THORNTON— Born  May  27,  1761,  Tortola  Island, 
West  Indies.  M.  D.,  1784,  Edinburgh.  Architect  of  U.  S.  Capitol.  Died 
March  27,  1828.  After  graduation  he  continued  his  medical  studies  in 
Paris,  and  travelled  extensively  through  Europe  ;  then  came  to  the  United 
States.  Married  in  1790  and  returned  to  Tortola.  Returned  to  Wash- 
ington in  1793.  The  same  year  published  his  "Elements  of  Written 
Language;"  and  afterwards  published  many  papers  on  other  subjects, 
including  medicine,  astronomy,  philosophy,  finance,  government  and  art. 
Was  associated  with  Fitch  in  the  early  experiments  in  running  boats  by 
steam.  Invented  a  number  of  patents  ;  was  in  charge  of  patents  from 
the  passage  of  the  act  of  Congress,  1802,  till  his  death  ;  and  during  the 
war  of  1814  was  the  means  of  preserving  the  records  of  the  Patent  Office 
from  destruction  by  the  British.  Was  the  first  architect  of  the  Capitol, 
as  also  its  designer.  Was  first  Lieutenant,  then  Captain,  in  the  war  of 
181 2-14.  In  1794  was  appointed  by  President  Washington  one  of  the 
three  Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  Designed  and  built 
many  buildings  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  elsewhere.  See  Apple- 
ton's  Biog.,  1889,  VI,  p.  104  ;  Hist.  U.  S.  Capitol,  Washington,  1900,  p.  81. 

31.  NATHANIEL  POPE  CAUSIN— Born,  1781,  in  Maryland.  M.  D., 
1805,  Univ.  Penna.  Licentiate,  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty,  Maryland. 
Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  the  second  charter.  President  of  Board 
of  Health,  Washington,  1833-36.  Judge  of  Orphan's  Court,  D.  C,  1838- 
49.  Died  Nov.  14,  1849.  Practiced  for  thirteen  years  at  Port  Tobacco, 
Md.  ;  in  1818  removed  to  Washington,  where  he  practiced  until  1838. 
Was  Attending  Physician  to  the  Dispensary,  1819  ;  Consulting  Phj'sician, 
Central  Cholera  Hospital,  1832  ;  one  of  the  founders  of  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C; 
member  of  National  Institute,  Washington  Med.  Society  and  Pathological 
Society.  See  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  175  ;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  of 
Maryland,  1903,  p.  345. 

32.  EDWARD  CUTBUSH— Born  in  1772,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  M.  D., 
1794,  Univ.  Penna.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N.,  1799-1S29.  Died  June  23,  1843,  Ge- 
neva, N.  Y.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Benj.  Rush.  Seven  years  a  physi- 
cian at  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Philadelphia.  In  1794  was  Surgeon  Gen- 
eral in  Washington's  expedition  against  the  insurgents  in  Pennsylvania. 
Resigned,  1829,  from  the  Navy  and  removed  to  Geneva  ;  appointed  Prof. 


22  2  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

Chemistry  in  Geneva  Med.  School,  and  Dean  of  Med.  Faculty.  Honorary 
member  of  Philadelphia  Med.  and  Chem.  Society,  of  Linnaean  Society 
of  Philadelphia,  of  Amer.  Med.  Society  (?);  corresponding  member  New 
Orleans  Med.  Society;  member  Med.  Society  of  Ontario  County,  N.  Y.; 
corresponding  member  Yale  Natural  History  Society;  member  Natural 
History  Society  of  Geneva  College;  corresponding  member  National  In- 
stitute, Washington  ;  sometime  President  Columbian  Institute  at  Wash- 
ington, revived  by  the  National  Institute.  Oct.  21,  1824,  married  Sarah 
Reese,  daughter  of  James  Twanley,  of  Philadelphia.  Author  of  "  Obser- 
vations on  the  means  of  preserving  the  health  of  soldiers  and  sailors," 
Philadelphia,  1808.     See  Williams'  Amer.  Med.  Biog.,  1845,  p.  118. 

I820 

83.  BAILEY  WASHINGTON— Born  May  12,  1787,  Westmoreland 
Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1810,  Univ.  Penna.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Navy,  1813.  Died 
Aug.  4,  1854.  Son  of  Lawrence  Washington  ;  nephew  of  George  Wash- 
ington. During  the  War  of  1812,  was  Surgeon  on  the  "Enterprise" 
when  she  captured  the  "  Boxer."  On  Lake  Ontario,  at  a  later  date,  was 
selected  as  Fleet  Surgeon,  although  a  junior  officer  ;  afterwards  served  as 
Fleet  Surgeon  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  closed  his  active  service  during 
the  Mexican  War.  At  the  time  of  his  death  was  Visiting  Surgeon  of  the 
Navy  Yard  and  Marine  Barracks,  Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn., 
D.  C.  Author  of  "  Observations  on  yellow  fever."  See  Jour.  A.  M.  A., 
Feb.  27,  1897,  p.  431  ;  Chicago  Med.  Recorder,  May,  1897,  p.  364. 

34.  THOMAS  SEWALL— Born  April  16,  1786,  Augusta,  Me.  M.  D., 
1812,  Harvard.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  the  second  charter. 
Died  April  10,  1845.  Son  of  Thomas  and  Priscilla  (Cony)  Sewall.  Re- 
moved to  Washington  about  1S20.  Was  appointed  Prof.  Anatomy,  Med. 
Dept.  Columbian  College,  1821;  served  till  1839,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
the  Chair  of  Practice,  in  which  he  continued  till  his  death.  One  of  the 
founders  of  Columbian  College  in  1821  ;  Consulting  Physician,  Central 
Cholera  Hospital,  1832  ;  one  of  the  founders  of  Washington  Infirmary, 
1844  ;  one  of  the  founders  of  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C. ;  member  National  Insti- 
tute, Washington  Med.  Society  ;  President  of  Patholog.  Society,  1843  ; 
member  Board  of  Health,  1819.  One  of  the  first  opponents  of  phrenol- 
ogy, against  which  he  wrote  "The  errors  of  phrenology  exposed."  He 
also  wrote,  shortly  after  Beaumont's  work  on  digestion,  "  The  Enquirer  ; 
pathology  of  drunkenness,"  1S41,  which  was  translated  into  German,  and 
was  "possibly  the  first  monograph  on  the  post  mortem  appearance  of 
the  gastric  mucosa  in  alcoholics."  Married,  Nov.  28,  1813,  Mary  Choate, 
sister  of  Rufus  Choate.  See  Appleton's  Biog.,  1889,  V,  p.  469;  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  April,  i,  1845  ;  Med.  Examiner,  Philadelphia,  1845,  I,  p. 
291. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  223 

35.  CHARLES  BEALE  HAMILTON— Born  1792.  M.  D.  (?)  En- 
tered the  Navy  as  Assistant  Surgeon,  April  2,  1811;  was  made  Surgeon, 
April  15,  1814;  served  under  Commodore  Waring  during  the  entire  war 
with  Great  Britain.  Resigned  from  the  Navy,  April  12,  1826,  and  went 
into  private  practice.  Preferred  agricultural  pursuits,  and,  except  that  he 
continued  to  practice  within  a  limited  circle,  he  lived  on  a  farm  a  few 
miles  from  Washington.  Died  April  24,  1851.  See  National  Intelli- 
gencer, April  26,  1 85 1. 

1822 

36.  ELIJAH  RICHARDSON  CRAVEN— Born  Feb.  3,  1796,  Morris- 
ville,  N.  J.  A.  B.,  1815,  Princeton  ;  M.  D.,  1819,  Univ.  Penna.  Died 
Dec.  4,  1823,  from  hemorrhage  caused  by  being  thrown  from  his  horse. 
Son  of  John  Craven.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  P.  S.  Dorsey,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  After  graduation,  practiced  in  Washington.  Sometime 
Prof.  Botany,  Columbian  College,  D.  C. 

37.  JOSEPH  LOVELL— Born  Dec.  22,  1788,  Boston,  Mass.  M.  D., 
1811,  Harvard.  Surgeon,  9th  U.  S.  Infantry,  1812-14  ;  served  on  Niagara 
frontier;  Hospital  Surgeon,  1814-18;  Surgeon  General,  U.  S.  A.,  1818-36. 
Died  Oct.  17,  1836,  of  pneumonia.  One  of  the  founders  and  a  counsellor 
of  the  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  "Army  and  Navy  surgeons  were  actively  in- 
strumental in  the  organization  of  the  two  medical  societies  in  the  District 
of  Columbia  ;  and  the  profession  of  the  District  owes  to  two  army  sur- 
geons the  inception,  organization  and  successful  defence  of  a  society 
established  in  1S33  to  define  and  prescribe  the  rules  and  regulations  of 
ethical  intercourse  and  relations  of  medical  gentlemen  and  of  the  pro- 
fession with  the  public  at  large."  Furnished  a  transcript  of  the  rules 
and  regulations  of  a  similar  society  in  Boston  as  a  guide  to  its  formation. 
Member  of  National  Institute.  Married  E.  Mansfield,  Sept.,  1817.  See 
Drake's  Amer.  Biog.,  1872,  p.  565  ;  Brown's  History,  pp.  268,  282,  2S6  ; 
Powell's  History,  pp.  59,  80,  121,  441 ;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  204. 

38.  CHARLES  FREDERICK  WILSTACH— Born  Sept.  3,  1794,  Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.  M.  D.,  1820,  Univ.  Penna.  Died  July  i,  i860,  at  Lafay- 
ette, Ind.  [Son  of  Chas.  Wilstach,  from  Germany,  and  Hannah  Lubrech, 
from  Hesse  Darmstadt.]  Had  a  good  classical  education  ;  spent  several 
years  in  a  drug  store  ;  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  P.  S.  Dorsey,  of  Phila- 
delphia. Served  one  year  as  House  Surgeon,  Philadelphia  Almshouse. 
Removed  to  Harper's  Ferry,  where  he  practiced  two  years;  thence  to 
Washington,  where  he  practiced  medicine  and  also  kept  a  drug  store. 
In  1830  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  in  1838  to  Lafayette,  Ind. 
Married  in  1821  Hannah  W.  Ustick. 


224  MEDICAt,     SOCIETY 


1823 


39.  JAMES  MARTIN  STAUGHTON— Born  in  i8oo,  Bordentown,  N. 
J.  Son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  and  Maria  Henson  Staughton.  A.  B.,  i8i8; 
M.  D.,  1821,  Univ.  Penna.;  A.  M.,  182 1,  Princeton.  Resident  student, 
Philadelphia  Almshouse.  Practiced  medicine  in  Washington;  helped  to 
organize  Med.  Dept.  Columbian  College;  was  appointed  Prof.  Chemistry 
and  Geology  ;  afterwards  Surgery.  Spent  two  years  in  Europe.  Said 
to  have  been  the  first  physician  to  operate  successfully  in  Washington 
for  stone  in  the  bladder.  Removed  to  Cincinnati,  and  was  appointed 
Prof,  of  Surgery  in  Med.  College  of  Ohio  ;  was  also  connected  with  the 
Commercial  Hospital  and  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum.  One  of  the  founders  of 
Ohio  Med.  Lyceum;  co-editor  Western  Med.  Gazette.  Died  Aug.  7,  1833. 
See  West.  Med.  Gazette,  1833,  I,  p.  271. 

40.  JAMES  SAMUEL  GUNNELL— Born  March,  1788,  Fairfax  Co., 
Va.  M.  D.,  1820,  Univ.  Penna.  Was  Lieutenant,  1812,  Virginia  Light 
Horse.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  the  second  charter.  Died  in 
1852.     See  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  167. 

1826 

41.  JOHN  B.  BLAKE— Born  Aug.  12,  1800,  Colchester,  Va.  Son  of 
Dr.  J.  H.  Blake,  supra.  M.  D.,  1824,  Univ.  Maryland.  Incorporator  of 
the  Society  under  the  second  charter.  Died  Oct.  26,  1881.  Sometime 
Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds,  D.  C.  ;  President  Na- 
tional Metropolitan  Bank.  Practiced  medicine  only  a  short  time.  Had  a 
son.  Dr.  Ebenezer  Tucker  Blake.  Author  of  "  Biographical  sketch  of  the 
late  Dr.  Wm.  Jones,"  Washington,  1867.  See  Minutes  of  Med.  Society, 
Oct.  26,  1881  ;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  141. 

42.  THOMAS  CLAGETT  SCOTT— Born  Dec.  4,  1784,  Prince  George 
Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1812,  Univ.  Penna.  Died  of  congestive  chill  at  Wash- 
ington, Sept.  7,  1837.  Son  of  Judson  and  Martha  Ellen  Clagett  Scott, 
both  from  early  settlers  of  Maryland.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall,  Md.; 
studied  medicine  under  Dr.  W^m.  Beans,  of  Upper  Marlboro,  Md.  At- 
tended Univ.  Penna.,  1804-5.  In  1806  became  a  licentiate  Med.  and 
Chirurg.  Faculty  of  Maryland.  The  same  year  married  Miss  Ann  H. 
Boone,  daughter  of  Francis  and  Mary  Sansbury  Boone,  whose  ancestors 
came  to  America  with  Lord  Baltimore.  Began  to  practice  medicine  in 
Montgomery  Co.,  Md.  In  1809  removed  to  Loudoun  Co.,  Va.;  in  1813 
to  Frederick  Co.,  Md.,  and  attended  lectures  at  the  Univ.  Maryland.  In 
1823  removed  to  Washington  and  associated  himself  with  Dr.  N.  P. 
Causin,  supra.  Was  physician  to  the  penitentiary,  Washington.  One 
of  the  founders  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  See  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  of  Mary- 
land, 1903,  p.  562. 


WILSON   PRE5TMAN   MALONE 


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DISTRICT     OF     COI.UMBIA 


225 


43.  JOSHUA  RILEY— Born  Jan.  19,  1800,  Baltimore,  Md.  M.  D., 
1824,  Univ.  Maryland.  Father  of  Dr.  J.  C.  Riley,  infra.  Incorporator 
of  the  Society  under  second  charter.  President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1858- 
68.  Died  Feb.  11,  1875.  Came  to  Georgetown,  D.  C,  when  18  years 
old;  sometime  clerk  in  a  drug  store.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  George 
Clarke,  supra.  After  graduation,  practiced  in  Georgetown.  Was  Prof. 
Materia  Medica,  Med.  Dept.  Columbian  College,  1844-9 1  o^^^  of  the 
founders  of  the  Washington  Infirmary  ;  member  of  Board  of  Aldermen, 
Georgetown,  and  of  Council  of  Territorial  Government,  D.  C;  President 
of  Potomac  Fire  Insurance  Co.  "He  taught  physicians  how  to  collect 
accounts  for  services  from  a  certain  class  of  delinquent  clients  by  taking 
their  notes  for  the  amount,  and  renewing  them  annually  thereafter,  with 
the  addition  of  the  interest  accrued,  until  it  was  paid  either  by  the  drawer 
or  his  estate."  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Feb.  13,  1875;  Trans.  A.  M. 
A.,  1875,  XXVI,  p.  453;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  159. 

1830 

44.  ORLANDO  FAIRFAX— Born  Feb.  14,  1806,  Alexandria,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1829,  Univ.  Penna.  Son  of  Thomas,  the  ninth  Lord  Fairfax. 
Resided  in  Alexandria;  removed  in  1861  to  Richmond,  Va.,  where  he 
died,  Jan.  11,  1882.     See  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  147. 

1834 

45.  RICHMOND  JOHNSON— Born  1791,  Annapolis,  Md.  Not  M.  D. 
Surgeon's  Mate,  U.  S.  N.,  1812-14.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under 
the  second  charter.  Died  March  12,  1874.  Came  to  Washington  in  1800; 
educated  at  Washington  Institute.  Grand  nephew  of  Thomas  Johnson, 
the  first  Governor  of  Maryland.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Fred.  May, 
supra.  After  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812-14,  practiced  in  Washington. 
Sometime  chief  clerk  in  office  of  Surgeon  General,  U.  S.  A.  One  of  the 
founders  of  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Consulting  Physician  to  Western  Cholera 
Hospital,  1832.  See  Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  March  14,  1874  ;  Trans. 
A.  M.  A.,  1874,  XXV,  p.  526;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  152. 

46.  HARVEY  LINDSLY— Born  Jan.  11,  1804,  Morris  Co.,  N.  J. 
A.  M.,  1820,  Princeton;  M.  D.,  1828,  Columbian.  Father  of  Dr.  W. 
Lindsly,  infra.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  second  charter. 
President  of  Board  of  Health,  Washington,  1836-46.  President  Amer. 
Med.  Assn.,  1859.  Died  April  28,  1889.  Of  English  descent.  Educated 
at  academy  in  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.  Honorary  member  Rhode  Island 
Med.  Society,  Historical  Society  of  New  Jersey,  etc.  Prof.  Obstetrics, 
1839-45,  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  1845-6,  Med.  Dept.  Columbian  Col- 
lege, Washington.     Member  Amer.  Colonization  Society  over  30  years, 

15 


2  26  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

and  Chairman  of  its  Executive  Committee.  President,  1878,  of  Wash- 
ington Alumni  of  Princeton  College.  One  of  the  founders  of  Washington 
Infirmary,  Patholog.  Society,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  member  of  National 
Institute.  "During  a  period  of  discontent  the  Standing  Committee  of 
the  Medical  Association  of  the  District,  which  had  been  instructed  to 
investigate  prevalent  insinuations  and  charges  of  violations  of  ethical 
methods  and  proprieties,  concluded  its  report  with  a  resolution  recom- 
mending the  members  to  '  bury  all  past  grievances  in  oblivion,  and  for 
the  future  to  observe  the  Golden  Rule. '  Dr.  Lindsly  moved  to  strike  out 
the  words  '  Golden  Rule'  and  insert  '  Rules  and  By-laws  of  this  Associa- 
tion,' which  was  carried."  In  1859,  "in  his  address  of  welcome  to  the 
American  Medical  Association,  then  assembled  in  this  city,  after  giving 
expression  to  his  regret  that  the  city  was  so  barren  of  all  that  would  in- 
terest the  votaries  of  medical  science,  he  added,  in  words  that  read  like 
the  inspiration  of  prophecy,  'The  day  is  not  far  distant  when,  by  the 
liberality  of  a  great  people,  our  public  buildings,  our  literary  and  scientific 
institutions,  our  national  parks  and  botanic  gardens  will  be  worthy  of  the 
grand  metropolis  of  a  nation  which,  perhaps  within  the  next  half  century, 
will  be  the  most  populous,  powerful  and  wealthy  in  Christendom.'  He 
lived  long  enough  afterward  to  realize  the  fullness  of  his  prophecy." 
Author  of  "Origin  and  introduction  into  medical  practice  of  ardent 
spirits,"  Washington,  1835.  See  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p. 
119;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  April  29,  1889;  Lamb's  History,  p.  iii  ; 
Busey's  Reminiscences,  pp.  109,  155. 

1835 

47.  THOMAS  MILLER— Born  Feb.  18,  1806,  Port  Royal,  Va.  M. 
D.,  1829,  Univ.  Penna.  Father  of  Dr.  G.  R.  Miller,  infra.  Incorporator 
of  the  Society  under  the  second  charter.  President  Board  of  Health, 
Washington,  1846-55  ;  President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1873.  Died  Sept. 
20,  1873.  Son  of  Major  Miller,  who  came  to  Washington  in  1816.  Edu- 
cated at  Washington  Seminary;  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Henry  Huntt, 
supra.  After  graduation,  practiced  in  Washington.  In  1830  he  and  six 
other  physicians  formed  the  Washington  Med.  Institute,  for  the  instruc- 
tion of  students  ;  in  1832  he  began  to  teach  practical  anatomy  ;  the  same 
year  was  physician  to  the  Central  Cholera  Hospital.  One  of  the  founders 
of  the  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1833.  From  1839  to  1859  was  Prof.  Anatomy, 
Med.  Dept.  Columbian  College  ;  first  President  of  Patholog.  Society  of 
Washington;  attending  Surgeon,  Washington  Infirmary  ;  member  Board 
of  Aldermen;  consulting  physician  to  Providence  Hospital  and  Children's 
Hospital.  Originated  the  movement  to  establish  and  enforce  a  system 
of  registration  of  births  and  deaths  in  Washington  ;  active  in  securing 
the  establishment  of  the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane.     Married, 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  227 

in  1833,  the  daughter  of  Gen.  Walter  Jones.  See  Minutes  of  Med.  Soci- 
ety, Sept.  22,  1873,  and  Sept.  30,  1874;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1874,  XXV,  p. 
523  ;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  169. 

JULY,  1838 

48.  JOSEPH  BORROWS— Born  Jan.  20,  1807,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  1825  (?); 
M.  D.,  1828,  Columbian.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  second  char- 
ter. President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1884-5.  Died  May  30,  1889.  See 
Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  June  i,  1889;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  142. 

49.  ALEXANDER  McDONALD  DAVIS— Born  1807,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1828,  Columbian.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  second  charter. 
Died  May  29,  1872.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Wm.  Jones,  supra.  After 
graduation,  practiced  only  a  few  years.  Was  President  of  the  City 
Council ;  member  of  Board  of  Aldermen  ;  Health  Officer.  Physician  in 
1833  in  the  Cholera  Hospital.     See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  29,  1872. 

50.  NOBLE  YOUNG— Born  June  26,  1808,  Baltimore,  Md.  M.  D., 
1828,  Columbian.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  second  charter. 
President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1868-70.  A.  M.,  1876,  Georgetown.  Died 
April  II,  1883,  at  Sacketts  Harbor,  N.  Y.  Of  Scotch-Irish  descent. 
Educated  at  Washington  Seminary.  After  graduation  in  medicine, 
practiced  in  Washington  ;  member  of  Amer.  Med.  Association,  ex- Vice 
President ;  Prof.  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine  for  twenty-five 
years,  Georgetown  Med.  School ;  one  of  the  four  who  organized  the 
school.  For  many  years  was  physician  to  U.  S.  Penitentiary,  Washing- 
ton. Married,  May  6,  1836.  Delivered  the  address  at  the  laying  of  the 
corner  stone  of  College  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Wilmington,  N.  C, 
1871.  See  Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  April  13,  1883;  Jour.  A.  M.  A., 
1883,  I,  p.  520;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  537  ;  Busey's  Rem- 
iniscences, p.  162;  Georgetown  Univ.,  II,  p.  73. 

.51.  BENJAMIN  KING— Born  Aug.  24,  1797,  Calvert  Co.,  Md.  M. 
D.,  1818,  Univ.  Maryland.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  second 
charter.  Surgeon's  Mate,  7th  U.  S.  Inf.;  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  retired, 
Nov.  9,  1863.  Removed,  1870,  to  Weston,  Md.,  where  he  died  June  24, 
1888.  Served  with  his  regiment  in  Georgia  to  June,  1821  ;  at  Baton 
Rouge,  La.,  to  November,  1822;  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  to  March,  1823;  at 
Military  Academy,  West  Point,  to  Aug.  19,  1823  ;  at  Fort  McHenry  to 
October,  1825  ;  shipwrecked  in  November  on  Body's  Island,  S.  C,  while 
en  route  to  Charleston  ;  at  Charleston,  Savannah,  Forts  McHenry  and 
Severn  and  in  Washington  to  November,  1832  ;  Philadelphia  to  Febru- 
ary, 1833  ;  in  Surgeon  General's  Office,  Washington,  till  Oct.  16,  1840 ; 


2  28  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

in  the  Seminole  War,  Florida,  to  July,  1842;  at  Fort  Severn,  Md.,  to 
September,  1845  ;  at  Frankford  Arsenal,  Philadelphia,  to  September, 
1849  ;  at  Carlisle  Barracks,  Pa.,  to  Feb.  10,  185 1  ;  at  Soldiers'  Home, 
Washington,  to  Nov.  26,  1864.  See  Brown's  History,  pp.  285,  291  ;  Pow- 
ell's History,  p.  414. 

52.  JAMES  CROWDHILL  HALL— Born  Jan.  10,  1805,  Alexandria, 
D.  C.  A.  B.,  1823,  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg,  Penna.;  M.  D.,  1827, 
Univ.  Penna.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  second  charter.  Died 
suddenly  June  7,  1880.  While  he  was  an  infant  his  father  died  ;  in  1810 
his  mother  remarried.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Thomas  Henderson, 
supra.  After  graduation  was  Resident  Physician  one  year  at  Blockley 
Hospital,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  1830-9,  Prof.  Surgery,  Med.  Dept.  Colum- 
bian College,  Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  Washington 
Med.  Society ;  National  Institute.  Vice  President  Patholog.  Society. 
Conducted  a  private  course  in  practical  anatomy  at  Washington  Med. 
Institute.  Gave  large  bequests  to  Washington  City  Orphan  Asylum  and 
Children's  Hospital.  "  Family  physician  of  every  President  of  the  United 
States  from  Jackson  to  Lincoln.  For  many  years  attended  the  family 
of  every  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court ;  through  many  administrations 
the  family  of  every  Cabinet  OflScer ;  and  for  a  long  series  of  years  every 
foreign  legation  residing  in  Washington,  and  every  prominent  Senator 
and  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  the  heads  of  departments 
and  many  honored  citizens."  See  Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  June  8,  1880, 
and  April  6,  1881  ;  Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  1880,  CII,  p.  621; 
Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1881,  XXXII,  p.  506;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  pp.  147, 
166. 

53.  HENRY  FORD  CONDICT— Born  1804,  Littleton,  N.  J.  A.  M., 
1822,  Princeton  ;  M.  D.,  1830,  Columbian.  Incorporator  of  the  Society 
under  second  charter.  Removed,  about  1875,  to  Montgomery  Co.,  Md. 
Dropped  from  membership,  1877.  Died  Oct.  31,  1893.  Attended  school 
at  Littleton.  For  some  time  after  graduation  he  prepared  students  for 
college.  Practiced  medicine  in  Washington,  at  first  in  partnership  with 
Dr.  N.  P.  Causin,  supra,  whose  daughter  he  married.  Author  of  "The 
Plague  of  Athens,"  a  translation  from  Thucydides.  See  Busey's  Rem- 
iniscences, p.  143. 

54.  WILLIAM  B.  MAGRUDER— Born  Feb.  11,  1810,  Baltimore,  Md. 
M.  D.,  1831,  Univ.  Maryland.  Incorporator  of  the  Society  under  second 
charter.  Mayor  of  Washington,  1856-8.  Died  May  30,  1869,  from  an 
obscure  disease  of  the  stomach.  Sou  of  James  A.  and  Millicent  Ma- 
gruder.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  B.  S.  Bohrer,  supra.  "Practiced  in 
Georgetown  until  the  summer  of  1832,  when,  the  cholera  epidemic  having 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  229 

driven  away  the  physicians  resident  in  that  part  of  Washington  known 
as  the  First  Ward,  he  was  called  by  the  citizens  to  take  charge  of  a 
cholera  hospital,  and  was  the  only  active  physician  in  that  section  during 
the  epidemic."  Sometime  member  of  the  City  Council,  and  also  Alder- 
man. Married  twice.  See  Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  May  31,  1869; 
Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  XXIII,  1872,  p.  577;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  168. 

55.  FREDERICK  DAWES— M.  D.  Born  Jan.  26,  1778,  in  Hunting- 
don, England.  Died  Feb.  10,  1852,  after  an  illness  of  nineteen  months. 
Was  first  an  apothecary  at  Wisbeach,  Lincolnshire,  England.  Studied 
medicine  with  Sir  Astley  Cooper;  practiced  at  Wisbeach.  Served  as  Sur- 
geon on  Russian  man-of-war.  Returned  to  Wisbeach  and  then,  in  1819, 
emigrated  to  the  United  States,  and  came  to  Washington.  After  a  few 
3'ears,  bought  a  farm  at  and  removed  to  Shelby,  111.  Later  removed  to  a 
farm  in  Westmoreland  Co.,  Va.  In  1839  returned  to  Washington.  One 
of  the  founders  of  the  Med.  Association,  D.  C,  member  of  Pathological 
Society,  Washington.  Married,  about  1797,  Miss  Ward,  of  Wisbeach  ; 
in  1819,  Charlotte  M.  Taylor,  of  Montgomery  Co.,  Md.  See  Busey's 
Reminiscences,  p.  143  ;  Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  Feb.  11,  1852, 

JULY  1,  1839 

56.  JOHN  MOYLAN  THOMAS— Born  Sept.  26,  1805,  Anne  Arundel 
Co.,  Md.  M,  D.,  1S26,  Univ.  Maryland.  Died  Oct.  16,  1853.  Son  of 
Philip  S.  Thomas.  Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Practiced  a  few  years  at  his  native  place,  then  removed  to  Washington  ; 
member  Amer.  Med.  Association  ;  sometime  Prof.  Physiology,  Med. 
Dept.  Columbian  College,  Washington.  July  25,  1829,  married  Miss 
Sarah  Brooks  Lee  Ringgold,  daughter  of  Frank  Ringgold,  sometime 
Marshal,  D.  C.  See  Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  Oct.  17,  1853  >  Trans.  A. 
M.  A.,  1880,  XXXI,  p.  1088. 

57.  JAMES  B.  C.  THORNTON,  M.  D.— Born  1809.  Died  Jan.  15, 
1839,  at  Snickersville,  Va.  Practiced  medicine  some  time  at  Occoquan, 
Va.  [According  to  Dr.  Toner,  he  was  a  member  of  the  National  Insti- 
tute which,  however,  was  not  founded  till  1840.] 

PROBABLY  JULY  1,  1839 

58.  JOHN  FREDERICK  MAY— Son  of  Dr.  Frederick  May,  stipra. 
Born  May  19,  1812,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  1831  ;  M.  D.,  1834,  Columbian.  Re- 
moved to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  1858.  Returned  to  D.  C,  1880.  Father  of 
Dr.  William  May,  tn/ra.  Died  May  2,  1891.  Soon  after  graduation  in 
medicine  he  went  to  Europe  and  spent  over  a  year  in  the  hospitals  of 
London  and  Paris,     Licentiate,  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland,  1837.     In   1839  be- 


230 


MEDICAL,     SOCIETY 


came  Prof.  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Med.  Dept.  Columbian  College, 
Washington  ;  in  1841,  Prof.  Surgery  ;  resigned  in  1858.  Was  also  Prof. 
Surgery,  1837-9,  ^^  Univ.  Maryland  ;  member  National  Institute  ;  Med. 
Association,  D.  C;  Pathological  Society,  Washington;  Amer.  Med.  Asso- 
ciation. In  1858  became  Prof.  Surgery  in  Shelby  Med.  College,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  and  continued  there  till  1861.  Sometime  Surgeon  to  Wash- 
ington Infirmary.  About  1865  removed  to  New  York  City.  Returned 
to  Washington  in  1880.  In  1884  became  member  of  consulting  staff 
Garfield  Hospital ;  President  for  five  years.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
May  4,  1891  ;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  319  ;  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  1891,  XVII,  p. 
121  ;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  158  ;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  of  Mary- 
land, 1903,  p.  492. 

PROBABLY  JANUARY  6,  1840 

59.  SAMUEL  FORRY — [Forrywas  nominated  July  i,  1839;  there  is 
no  record  of  his  election,  but  he  was  recognized  as  a  member.]  Born 
June  23,  1811,  Berlin,  Pa.  M.  D.,  1832,  Jefferson.  Licentiate,  M.  C.  F., 
Maryland,  1836;  Asst.  Surg,  and  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  editor  N.  Y.  Journal 
Med.  and  Collateral  Sciences,  1843-4.  Died  Nov.  8,  1844.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Fahnestock.  While  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  in  the  cam- 
paign in  Florida,  he  made  many  interesting  observations  on  the  climate. 
Afterwards  compiled  from  these  observations  and  others  made  by  sur- 
geons at  different  military  posts,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Lawson, 
Surgeon  General  of  the  Army,  "  The  Meteorological  Register"  and  "Sta- 
tistical report  on  the  sickness  and  mortality  in  the  army,"  both  of  which 
were  published  as  the  official  reports  of  the  medical  department  of  the 
army.  The  numerous  facts  contained  in  these  works,  with  others  which 
he  collected,  were  afterwards  used  in  the  preparation  of  his  work  on  the 
"  Climate  of  the  United  States,  and  its  endemic  influence."  This  work 
obtained  for  him  a  high  and  well-deserved  reputation,  both  in  his  native 
country  and  among  scientific  men  in  Europe.  The  Boylston  prize,  of 
Harvard  University,  for  1844,  for  the  best  essay  on  the  protective  power 
of  vaccinia,  was  awarded  to  him,  and  appeared  in  the  New  York  Journal 
for  September,  1844.  In  such  high  estimation  was  he  held  by  the  physi- 
cians of  the  city  of  New  York  that  they  raised  a  subscription  for  a  mon- 
ument to  his  memory,  to  be  erected  in  Greenwood  Cemetery,  where  he 
is  buried.  See  Drake's  Diet.  Amer.  Biog.,  1872,  p.  234;  Appleton's 
Biog.,  1887,  II,  p.  506;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1850,  III,  p.  440;  Brown's  His- 
tory, p.  292  ;  Powell's  History,  p.  314, 

1840 

60.  JOSHUA  A.  RITCHIE— [The  catalogue  of  1885  states  that  Ritchie 
was  elected  in  1840,  but  on  what  foundation  the  statement  is  made  is  un- 
known.    His  name  appears  on  the  minutes  for  the  first  time  in  January, 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  23 1 

1858.  The  first  record  of  dues  paid  by  him  was  Nov.  7,  1865.]  Born 
July  I,  1815,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1839,  Jefferson  ;  A.  B.,  1835  ;  A.  M.,  1840  (?) 
Father  of  Dr.  h.  W.  Ritchie,  infra.  Dropped  from  membership,  1875. 
Died  Nov.  2,  1887.  See  Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  Nov.  2,  1887  ;  Busey's 
Reminiscences,  p.  160. 

PROBABLY  JANUARY   11,  1841 

61.  JOHN  MACKALL  ROBERTS— [There  is  no  record  of  any  meet- 
ing between  Jan.  11,  1841,  and  Jan.  5,  1842  ;  Roberts  attended  the  latter.] 
Born  June  11,  1815,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1836,  Jefferson.  Father  of  Dr.  W.  E. 
Roberts,  infra.  Died  Sept.  11,  1865.  Son  of  Charles  and  Ann  Loker 
Roberts,  St.  Mary's  Co.,  Md.  Educated  in  Washington  schools.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Thomas  Sewall,  supra.  Practiced  in  Washington. 
Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Director  of  Bank  of  the  Metropolis  and 
Franklin  Insurance  Co.,  Washington.  Married  Oct.  18,  1838,  Matilda 
Campbell  Elder,  daughter  of  Wm.  and  Matilda  Stamp  Elder,  of  Charles 
Co.,  Md.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Sept,  12,  1865  ;  Trans.  A.  M.  A., 
1872,  XXIII,  p.  576. 

JANUARY   5,  1842 

62.  WILIvIAM  PATRICK  JOHNSTON— Born  June  11,  1811,  Savan- 
nah, Ga.  A.  B.,  1833,  Yale;  M.  D.,  1836,  Univ.  Penna.  Father  of  Drs. 
W.  W.  and  G.  W.  Johnston,  infra.  President  of  Board  of  Health,  Wash- 
ington, 1856-8.  Died  of  chronic  disease  of  the  heart,  Oct.  24,  1876.  Son 
of  Col.  James  and  Ann  Marion  Johnston  ;  grandson  of  Dr.  Andrew  John- 
ston, M.  D.,  Univ.  Edinburgh.  Educated  at  Round  Hill  School,  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  of  which  George  Bancroft  was  then  the  head.  Studied 
medicine  with  Prof.  Wm.  Horner,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Served  in  drug 
store  of  Samuel  Griffith,  Philadelphia,  and  one  year  as  Resident  Physi- 
cian, Blockley  Hospital,  Philadelphia.  In  1837  was  Physician  to  Phila- 
delphia Dispensary.  In  Europe,  1837-40,  partly  in  travel,  partly  attend- 
ing the  Paris  hospitals.  Began  to  practice  medicine  in  Philadelphia,  but 
after  marrying,  in  1840,  Miss  Hooe,  of  Alexandria,  D.  C,  he  settled  in 
Washington.  In  1842  became  Prof.  Surgery,  Med.  Dept.  Columbian  Col- 
lege ;  1845,  Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  Women  and  Children.  Re- 
signed in  187 1.  Aided  in  establishing  the  Washington  Infirmary.  Some- 
time President  of  Medical  Faculty,  Columbian  College.  One  of  the 
founders  Pathological  Society  of  Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn., 
D.  C.  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assn.,  Vice  President  in  1866.  Aided  in  formation 
of  Clin.  Path.  Society  of  Washington.  Member  Consulting  Board  Provi- 
dence Hospital ;  sometime  Clinical  Lecturer  there.  One  of  the  founders 
of  Children's  Hospital ;  sometime  President  of  Medical  Board.  During 
the  period  that  Confederate  soldiers  were  confined  in  the  Old  Capitol 


232  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

Prison  in  Washington,  he  obtained  permission  for  Dr.  J.  C.  Hall,  supra. 
Mr,  F.  B.  McGuire  and  himself  to  visit  the  prisoners,  and  for  a  long  time 
he  administered  to  their  urgent  and  material  wants.  Was  the  first  phy- 
sician in  Washington  to  devote  special  attention  to  the  diseases  of  women. 
See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  25,  1876;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1878,  XXIX, 
p.  686  ;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  705;  Busey's  Reminiscences, 
p.  178;  and  "In  Memoriam  Board  of  Directors  Children's  Hospital, 
Washington,  1876." 

63.  BENJAMIN  F,  PERRY— Born  in  Maryland.  M.  D.,  1829,  Univ. 
Maryland.  Removed  to  Hillsville,  Va.,  about  1870,  Died  March  21, 
1898,  Carroll  Co.,  Va. 

PROBABLY  JANUARY  S.  1842 

64.  EDWARD  FLORENS  RIVINUS.  [Rivinus  and  Perry  (No.  63) 
were  both  nominated  Jan.  6,  1840 ;  there  is  no  record  of  the  election  of 
Rivinus,  but  apparently  he  was  recognized  as  a  member.]  Born  Jan.  i, 
1802,  Diiben.  Saxony.  M.  D.,  1830,  Univ.  Penna.  Died  Feb.  14,  1873, 
at  Hyeres,  France.  Author  of  "  Catalogue  of  the  Medical  Library  of 
Philadelphia  Almshouse,"  Philadelphia,  1831.  See  Larrey  (D.  J.),  "  Ob- 
servations on  wounds,"  Philadelphia,  1832. 

JULY  5,  1842 

60.  FLODOARDO  HOWARD— Born  March  11,  1814,  Stafford  Co., 
Va.  M.  D.,  1841,  Columbian;  Phar.  D.,  1872,  Georgetown.  President 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1873-5.  Father  of  Dr.  Robertson  Howard,  irifra. 
Died  January,  1888,  at  Rockville,  Md.  Educated  at  Brookville  Acad- 
emy, Brookville,  Md.  For  some  j^ears  conducted  a  pharmacy.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Henry  Howard.  Practiced  medicine  in  Washington  ; 
member  Amer.  Med.  Association.  Was  one  of  the  four  who  organized 
the  Georgetown  Med.  School,  and  was  Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of 
Women  until  1876,  except  for  1857-63,  when  he  resided  in  Brookville. 
Consulting  Physician  to  Providence  Hospital  and  Women's  Christian 
Home ;  Attending  Physician  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum,  Washington. 
Married,  June  11,  1833,  Lydia  M.,  daughter  of  Samuel  Robertson,  of 
Maryland.  See  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surgeons,  1878,  p.  34;  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  Jan.  18,  1888;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  152;  George- 
town Univ.,  II,  p.  71. 

66.  WILlvIAM  W.  HOXTON— Born  in  District  of  Columbia.  M.  D., 
1834,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  resigning  Sept.  30,  1841.  Died 
Aug.  23,  1855.     See  Brown's  History,  p.  292. 


59 


6o 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  233 

1842 

67.  ^WILLIAM  HOLMES  VAN  BUREN.  [There  is  no  record  of  Van 
Buren's  election,  but  he  was  recognized  as  a  member.]  Born  April  5, 
1819,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  A.  M.,  1S66,  LL.  D.,  1878,  Yale;  M.  D.,  1840, 
Univ.  Penna.;  appointed  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  June  15,  1840;  resigned 
Dec.  31,  1845.  Removed  to  New  York  City  ;  died  March  25,  1883.  He 
came  of  a  family  of  physicians.  [Great-great-grandson  of  Dr.  Johannes 
Van  Buren  (a  pupil  of  Boerhaave);  graduate  of  Univ.  Leyden;  emigrated 
to  New  York  in  1700 ;  physician  to  the  N.  Y.  City  Almshouse.  Great- 
grandson  of  Dr.  Beekman  Van  Buren  and  grandson  of  Dr.  Abraham  Van 
Buren.]  Educated  in  Philadelphia  and  at  Yale  College.  Spent  eighteen 
months  at  Charite  Hospital,  Paris.  While  in  U.  S.  Army,  served  in 
Florida,  on  Canadian  frontier  and  in  the  Surgeon  General's  OfBce,  Wash- 
ington. In  1845  became  Prosector  to  Chair  of  Surgery,  Med.  Dept.  Uni- 
versity City  of  New  York  ;  in  1852,  Prof.  Anatomy.  Was  Consulting 
Surgeon  to  St.  Vincent's  Hospital  and  to  Charity  Hospital,  Blackwell's 
Island  ;  Prof.  Surgery,  Bellevue  Hospital  Med.  College;  in  1859,  elected 
Vice  President  N.  Y.  Acad.  Medicine  ;  in  1861  was  active  in  forming  the 
U.  S.  Sanitary  Commission.  Was  offered  the  place  of  Surgeon  General, 
U.  S.  A.;  declined  in  favor  of  Dr.  W.  A.  Hammond.  In  1842  married  a 
daughter  of  Dr.  Valentine  Mott,  of  N.  Y.  City.  Author  of  "Lectures 
upon  diseases  of  the  rectum,"  New  York,  1870,  1878,  1881,  "Inflamma- 
tion," in  Ashhurst's  Surgery,  1881  ;  translated  Morel's  "Compendium  of 
human  histology,"  1861  ;  "Contributions  to  practical  surgery,"  Philadel- 
phia, 1865,  etc.  See  Brown's  History,  p.  293  ;  Powell's  History,  p.  642  ; 
Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  1883,  CVIII,  p.  332  ;  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour., 
1883,  XXXVII,  p.  393  ;  Appleton's  Biog.,  1887,  VI,  p.  234. 

JANUARY  9,  1843 

68.  JOHNSON  ELIOT— Born  Aug.  24,  1815,  D.  C.  Father  of  Drs.  J.  L. 
and  Johnson  Eliot,  Jr.,  infra.  M.  D.,  1842,  Columbian.  Hon.  A.  M., 
1869,  and  Phar.  D.,  1872,  Georgetown.  President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C, 
1880-1.  Died  Dec.  30,  1883.  Descendant  of  Sir  John  Eliot,  of  Devon- 
shire, England,  and  of  colonial  settlers  of  Massachusetts  and  Maryland  ; 
grandnephew  of  President  Andrew  Eliot,  of  Harvard  College.  Educated 
at  McLeod  Seminary,  Washington.  Sometime  clerk  in  Dr.  Chas.  Mc- 
Cormack's  drug  store,  Washington.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Thomas 
Sewall,  supra.  Sometime  steward  in  Washington  Naval  Hospital.  After 
graduating  in  medicine  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Colum- 
bian Med.  College.  One  of  the  four  who  founded  the  Georgetown  Med. 
School ;  Prof.  Anatomy,  1849  ;  Materia  Medica  and  Physiology,  1854, 
In  1861,  he  became  Prof.  Surgery  and  so  continued  till  1876  ;  for  twenty 
years  was   Dean  of  the  Faculty.      Served  on   Surgical   Staff  of   Provi- 


234  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

dence  Hospital,  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women,  and  Children's  Hos- 
pital. Member  of  Pathological  Society  of  Washington,  National  Institute 
and  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  Vice  President  Alumni  Association,  Georgetown 
University.  Consulting  Surgeon  to  Central  Dispensary  ;  for  some  years 
Physician  to  Smallpox  Hospital ;  Surgeon  to  Metropolitan  Police ;  Con- 
sulting Surgeon  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum.  After  the  second  battle  of 
Bull  Run  (1862),  when  a  call  for  volunteer  surgeons  was  made,  he  went 
to  the  front,  taking  with  him  the  necessary  appliances,  and  while  in 
attendance  on  the  sick  and  wounded  was  taken  prisoner,  but  was  soon 
released,  and  walked  from  Chantilly  to  Washington.  Among  those  on 
whom  he  operated  was  Corporal  James  Tanner.  Married  Nov.  30,  1850, 
Mary  John,  daughter  of  John  Llewellin,  of  St.  Mary's  Co.,  Md.  See 
Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  Dec.  31,  1883;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg., 
1878,  p.  85  ;  Maryland  Med.  Jour.,  1883-4,  X,  p.  671  ;  Med.  and  Surg. 
Reporter,  1884,  L,  p.  64  ;  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  1884,  II,  p.  79 ;  Busey's  Rem- 
iniscences, p.  187  ;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  65. 

JANUARY  3,  1844 

69.  ANTHONY  HOLMEAD,  JR.— Born  1822,  District  of  Columbia. 
M.  D.,  1841,  Columbian.  Died  Oct.  26,  1855.  See  Minutes  of  Med. 
Society,  Oct.  27,  1855. 

JULY  1,  1844 

70.  JAMES  HYMAN  CAUSTEN,  JR.— Born  July,  1818,  Baltimore, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1842,  Columbian.  Died  Oct.  3  or  5,  1856.  [Eldest  son  of 
J.  H.  Causten,  U.  S.  Consul  to  Ecuador  ;  his  mother  was  the  daughter  of 
Thomas  Meyer,  of  Baltimore.]  Attended  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore, 
in  1830,  and  Georgetown  College  in  1835.  After  graduation  in  medicine, 
went  abroad  with  Dr.  R.  K.  Stone,  infra.  Retired  early  from  practice 
of  medicine  to  engage  in  translation  of  documents.  Married,  April  9, 
1850,  Miss  Anna  Payne,  adopted  daughter  of  "  Dolly  Madison."  Author 
of  "  Claims  against  France,"  Washington,  1871. 

71.  SAMUEL  CLEMENT  SMOOT— Born  Feb.  3,  1818,  District  of 
Columbia.  A.  B.,  1835,  A.  M.,  1838,  Columbian;  M.  D.,  1838,  Jefferson. 
Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N.,  Oct.  5,  1861,  to  Jan.  27,  1862,  when  he  re- 
signed ;  sometime  President  Board  of  Health,  Washington.  Died  Sept. 
29,  1866.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Maryland.  He 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Thomas  Sewall,  supra.  Practiced  some  time 
at  Jackson,  Miss.;  in  1839  returned  to  Washington.  In  1856  was  elected 
Secretary  to  Board  of  Trustees  of  Columbian  College  ;  was  Demonstrator 
of  Anatomy  in  Med.  Dept. ;  member  of  Med.  Association,  D.  C.  See 
Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  i,  1866;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1867,  XVIII, 
p.  340. 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  235 

72.  CHARLES  H.  IvIEBERMANN— Born  Sept.  15,  1813,  Riga,  Rus- 
sia. A.  B.,  1836,  Dorpat;  M.  D.,  1838,  Univ.  Berlin.  Died  March  27, 
1886.  His  father  was  a  military  surgeon  ;  his  mother  was  one  of  the 
Radetzkeys  of  German  and  Polish  history.  Studied  medicine  first  at 
Wilna,  then  at  Dorpat,  finally  at  Berlin  ;  was  private  pupil  of  Prof.  Dief- 
fenbach.  After  graduation,  visited  hospitals  in  the  principal  capitals  of 
Europe.  In  1840,  came  to  United  States,  and  began  to  practice  in  Wash- 
ington. For  over  twenty  years  was  the  leading  oculist  of  Washington. 
Member  Med.  Association,  D.  C. ;  National  Institute;  one  of  the  founders 
of  Georgetown  Med.  School  ;  Prof.  Surgery,  1849-53  and  1857-61  ;  mem- 
ber of  Pathological  Society ;  Amer.  Med.  Association ;  Physician  to 
Convent  of  Visitation  ;  Consulting  Physician  Georgetown  College  and 
Convent ;  Consulting  Surgeon  Providence  Hospital ;  Member  of  Board 
of  Managers  Children's  Hospital.  In  1841  married  Miss  Betzold,  of 
Alexandria,  D.  C.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  29,  1886  ;  Jour. 
A.  M.  A.,  1886,  VII,  p.  222  ;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  153  ;  Georgetown 
Univ.,  II,  p.  72. 

73.  THOMAS  E.  W.  FEINOUR  or  FERNIOUR,  M.  D.— [There  was 
a  Dr.  T.  Feinour  in  Baltimore  in  1874.  There  was  also  a  Thos.  E.  W 
Feinour,  clerk  at  Police  Headquarters,  D.  C,  in  1869.] 

PROBABLY  JULY  1,  1844 

74.  JAMES  GRIFFITH  COOMBE— [Coombe  attended  the  meeting 
Jan.  6,  1845,  and  subsequent  meetings,  and  was  recognized  as  a  member.] 
Born  Jan.  i,  1812,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1835,  Univ.  Maryland.  Died  Feb.  4, 
1883. 

JANUARY  6,  1845 

75.  THOMAS  BAKER  JOHNSON  FRYE— Born  1820,  District  of 
Columbia.  A.  M.  and  M.  D.,  1840,  Columbian.  Removed  to  Alexan- 
dria, Va.     Died  May  31,  1889,  in  Washington,  D.  C,  of  cancer  of  tongue. 

76.  JOSEPH  F.  MUNDING,  M.  D.  — [Munding  attended  a  special 
meeting  April  11,  1845  ;  he  is  not  afterwards  mentioned  in  the  minutes 
but  the  Catalogue  of  1885  records  him  as  having  been  a  member.]  Born 
in  1808.  Member  of  Pathological  Society  of  Washington.  Died  March 
3.  1852. 

JULY  t,  1845 

77.  CORNELIUS  BOYLE— Born  Nov.  12,  1817,  District  of  Columbia. 
Father  of  Dr.  C.  B.  Boyle,  in/ra.  M.  D.,  1844,  Columbian.  Provost 
Marshal  General,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  (Confederate).  Died 
March  11,  1878.  [Son  of  John  Boyle,  an  Irish  patriot,  who  came  from 
Londonderry,  Ireland,  about  May  i,  1801 — was  for  nearly  thirty  years 


236  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

Chief  Clerk,  Navy  Department,  Washington — and  Catherine  Annie 
Burke,  daughter  of  Richard  Burke,  of  Baltimore  Co.,  Md.]  Educated  at 
the  academy  of  John  McLeod,  Washington.  For  some  time  was  in  the 
drug  business.  After  graduating  in  medicine,  practiced  in  Washington. 
One  of  his  patients  -was  Senator  Sumner,  of  Massachusetts,  after  the 
Brooks  assault  in  1856  ;  another  was  Brooks  himself.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  Civil  War  Dr.  Boyle  ' '  went  South. ' '  Was  sometime  Major  in  the  com- 
mand of  Stonewall  Jackson  ;  afterwards  Provost  Marshal  General,  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia,  from  May,  1862,  to  April,  1865.  Then  took  pas- 
sage for  Mexico,  but  was  wrecked  off  Cape  Hatteras  ;  in  Mexico  he  was 
in  a  banking  house.  Later  he  bought  and  managed  the  Fauquier  White 
Sulphur  Springs,  Va.  About  1S69  returned  to  Washington  and  resumed 
practice.  Member  Med.  Association,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Association; 
Pathological  Society  and  National  Institute,  Washington.  Married  in 
1852,  Fannie  R.,  daughter  of  Wm.  Greene,  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.;  after- 
wards Cherry  Bethune,  daughter  of  Gen.  Joseph  N.  and  Frances  Grinley 
Bethune,  of  Georgia.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  12,  1878;  Trans. 
A.  M.  A.,   1878,  XXIX,  p.  618  ;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surgeons,   1878, 

p.  381. 

JANUARY  19,  1846 

78.  CHARLES  HARTWELL  CRAGIN— Born  Sept.  7,  1817,  Alsted, 
N.  H.  A.  B.,  1837;  A.  M.,  1840,  Amherst;  M.  D.,  1844,  Columbian. 
Died  April  i,  1887.  Son  of  Isaiah  and  Hannah  H.  Cragin.  Attended 
school  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  and  afterwards  the  Academj'  of  Groton, 
Mass.  Taught  school  at  Richmond,  Va.,  in  1837  and  1838,  and  at  Fitch- 
burg,  Mass.,  during  part  of  the  years  1838  to  1840.  While  teaching 
school  at  Fitchburg,  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  A.  Marshall.  Removed 
to  Washington  in  1840  and  continued  his  studies  with  Dr.  Thomas  Sew- 
all,  supra,  teaching  school  while  attending  lectures.  Practiced  medicine 
in  Washington  in  1844  and  1845,  and  afterwards  in  Georgetown,  except 
during  1849  and  1850,  when  he  resided  in  Sacramento,  Cal.,  being  one  of 
the  "  Fort}--niners"  who  went  to  California  when  the  memorable  gold 
discover}-  was  made  ;  the  journey  occupied  six  months  and,  w^ith  the  ex- 
ception of  the  trip  across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  was  made  in  sailing 
vessels.  Retired  from  practice  in  1865  because  of  ill  health.  Member  of 
Board  of  Common  Council,  Georgetown  ;  for  several  years  Police  Com- 
missioner, D.  C;  member  of  School  Board;  Postmaster  of  Georgetown; 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  Columbia  Hospital,  Washington.  Married,  Oct. 
2,  1845,  Mary,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Mary  A.  F.  McKenney,  of 
Georgetown  ;  April  16,  1857,  her  sister,  Henrietta  F.  McKenney.  See 
Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  April  13,  1887. 

79.  JAMES  F.  T.  [or  J.]  McCLE[A]RY— Born  Jan.  24,  1820,  District 
of  Columbia.  M.  D.,  1842,  Columbian.  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.  Died  Feb.  16, 
187 1.     His  parents  were  natives  of  Maryland,  where  he  himself  was  edu- 


DISTRICT     OF     COI.UMBIA  237 

cated.  Soon  after  graduation  in  medicine  he  accompanied  Robert  Dale 
Owen  in  an  exploring  expedition  through  the  Western  States.  Returned 
to  Washington ;  practiced  medicine  here  a  short  time,  then  practiced  in 
Loudoun  Co.,  Va.  During  the  Civil  War  served  as  medical  officer,  C.  S. 
A.  In  July,  1865,  embarked  for  South  America  ;  for  three  years  was 
Surgeon  on  a  vessel  bound  for  China.  Returned  to  Washington  and  re- 
sumed practice.  Member  of  Med.  Association,  D.  C.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  Feb.  22,  1871 ;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1872,  XXIII,  p.  581. 

JULY  6,  1846 

80.  GRAFTON  TYLER— Born  Nov.  21,  1811,  "La  Grange,"  Prince 
George  Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1833,  Univ.  Maryland.  Licentiate  M.  C.  F., 
Maryland,  1839.  Father  of  Dr.  W.  B.  Tyler,  infra.  President  of  Board 
of  Health,  Georgetown.  Died  Aug.  26,  1884.  Descended  from  a  family 
of  Tylers  that  came  from  England  and  settled  on  the  Patuxent  River, 
Maryland,  in  1660.  Son  of  Grafton  and  Ann  H.  Plummer  Tyler.  Edu- 
cated at  Carnochan's  and  McVean's  school,  Georgetown.  Studied  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  Richard  Duckett,  of  Maryland,  with  whom  he  formed  a 
partnership  after  graduation.  In  1845  removed  to  Georgetown,  D.  C. 
In  1846  became  Prof.  Practice  of  Medicine,  Columbian  Med.  School,  and 
a  few  years  later.  Prof.  Clinical  Medicine,  Washington  Infirmary;  re- 
signed both  in  1859  ;  member  of  first  Board  of  Visitors  of  Government 
Hospital  for  Insane,  D.  C;  President  of  Board  of  Council  of  Georgetown; 
member  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty,  Maryland  ;  Med.  Association,  D.  C. ; 
Amer.  Med.  Association,  Vice  President  in  1855;  Consulting  Physician 
to  Providence  Hospital  and  President  of  the  Board  for  its  opening  ;  in- 
corporator and  director  of  Children's  Hospital.  Married,  January,  1836, 
Mary  M.,  daughter  of  Walter  Bowie,  Esq.,  Prince  George  Co.,  Md. 
Author  of  "Medicine  as  a  science  and  an  art,"  Washington,  1852.  See 
Minutes  Med.  Society,  Aug.  27,  1884;  Maryland  Med.  Jour.,  1884,  XI, 
p.  379;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surgeons,  1878,  p.  238;  Busey's  Reminis- 
cences, p.  161  ;  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  1884,  III,  p.  307  ;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals 
of  Maryland,  1903,  p.  601. 

JANUARY  3,  1848 

81.  JAMES  ETHELBERT  MORGAN— Born  Sept.  25,  1822,  St.  Mary's 
Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1845,  Columbian  ;  Actg.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A,  ;  Pres- 
ident Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1879-80.  Father  of  Drs.  E.  C.  and  J.  D.  Mor- 
gan, infra.  Died  June  2,  1889.  [His  ancestors  belonged  to  the  families  of 
Morgan,  of  Monmouthshire,  and  Cecil,  of  Kent,  England.  They  were 
adherents  of  the  cause  of  Charles  I  and  Roman  Catholics,  and  were 
therefore  glad  to  seek  an  asylum  in  the  Catholic  colony  of  Maryland.] 
Educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Md.     After  graduation  in  medicine  prac- 


238  MEDICAI,     SOCIETY 

ticed  in  Washington.  In  1S48  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
Columbian  Med.  College  ;  also  Asst.  to  Prof.  Anatomy.  In  1852  Prof. 
Ph3'siology,  Georgetown  Med.  College;  afterwards  of  Med.  Jurisprudence. 
In  1858  Prof.  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  which  he  held  until  1876. 
Physician  and  Surgeon  to  Washington  Asylum  and  Smallpox  Hospitals. 
In  1862  had  charge  of  Soldiers'  Rest,  under  the  control  of  U.  S.  Sanitary 
Commission  ;  also  1862-5  Surgeon  to  the  Quartermaster's  Hospital. 
Member  of  Board  of  Health  many  years.  He  and  Dr.  R.  K.  Stone,  in/ra, 
investigated  the  mysterious  "National  Hotel  Disease."  Member  Amer. 
Med.  Assn.  and  of  its  Judicial  Council.  For  many  years  had  charge  of 
the  medical  staff  of  the  District  Militia.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil 
War  he  organized  the  4th  D.  C.  Vols.,  and  at  first  was  its  Colonel,  but 
resigned  and  was  made  its  Surgeon.  Member  of  Board  of  Trustees  of 
Public  Schools.  In  1850  was  elected  an  alderman,  but  soon  retired.  In 
June,  1854,  married  Nora,  daughter  of  Wm.  Dudley  Digges,  of  Maryland, 
a  descendant  of  Gov.  Edward  Digges,  of  Virginia,  and  of  the  Carroll 
family,  of  Maryland.  See  Minutes  of  Med.  Society,  June  3,  1889;  Atkin- 
son's Phys.  and  Surgeons,  1878,  p.  116;  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1889,  XLIX, 
p.  635  ;  Med.  Record,  N.  Y.,  18S9,  XXXV,  p.  692  ;  Busey's  Reminis- 
cences, p.  196  ;   Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  76. 

82.  HAMILTON  PLEASANTS  HOWARD— Born  1820,  Brookville, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1841,  Univ.  Va.  Removed  from  the  District  about  July  3, 
1848.  Died  Dec.  29,  1863.  Was  President  Board  of  Health,  Washington, 
1855-6.     Surgeon  and  Medical  Purveyor,  C.  S.  A. 

83.  ALFRED  ROWLAND  LEE— Born  April  19,  1819,  Ridgfield, 
Conn.  M.  D.,  1839,  Jefferson.  Dropped  from  membership  1891.  Died 
Oct.  24,  1903. 

84.  WILLIAM  McKENDREE  TUCKER— [Tucker  was  first  nomi- 
nated in  January,  1839.]  Born  1821,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  1840;  M.  D.,  1844, 
Columbian.  Died  Jan.  31,  1890,  of  consumption.  Removed  for  burial  to 
Ballston,  N.  Y. 

80.  PHILANDER  GOULD— Born  in  Maine.  M.  D.,  1845,  Colum- 
bian.    Nothing  more  known  of  him. 

86.  ROBERT  KING  STONE— Born  in  1822,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  1842, 
Princeton.  M.  D.,  1845,  Univ.  Penna.  ;  1849,  Univ.  Louisville;  1851, 
Univ.  City  of  New  York.  Father  of  Dr.  T.  R.  Stone,  infra.  Was  physi- 
cian to  President  Abraham  Lincoln.  President  Board  of  Health  of  Wash- 
ington, 1858-61.  Died  April  23,  1872,  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  His  ancestors 
were  among  the  earlier  settlers  of  Washington.  He  studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  Thos.  Miller,  supra,  and  assisted  the  latter  in   the  dissecting 


DISTRICT    OF    COt,UMBIA  239 

room.  After  graduation  in  medicine  he  attended  clinics  at  the  hospitals 
of  London,  Edinburgh,  Paris  and  Vienna,  paying  special  attention  to  dis- 
eases of  the  eye  and  ear;  was  a  private  pupil  of  Desmarres.  Returned  to 
Washington  in  1847  and  began  practice.  In  1848  became  Adjunct  Prof. 
Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Columbian  Med.  College  ;  afterwards,  Prof. 
Anatomy,  Physiology  and  Microscopic  Anatomy  ;  later  became  Prof. 
Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Surgery.  In  consequence  of  a  fracture  of  the 
thigh  he  gave  up  outdoor  practice.  Member  Pathological  Society,  Wash- 
ington. In  1849  married  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Ritchie,  who  founded 
the  Richmond  Enquirer  in  1804,  and  Washington  Union  in  1845.  See 
Minutes  Med.  Society,  April  24,  1872  ;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1873,  XXIV, 
p.  338;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  pp.  54  and  56. 

PROBABLY  JANUARY  3,  1848 

87.  SAMUEL  ELLICOTT  TYSON— [Tyson  was  nominated  Jan.  4, 
1847.  There  was  no  meeting  of  the  Society  in  July,  1847,  and  he  was, 
therefore,  most  probably  elected  at  the  next  January  meeting.]  Born 
Nov.  16,  1809,  in  Maryland.  M.  D.,  1832,  Washington  Med.  Coll.,  Balti- 
more. Licentiate  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland,  1832.  Died  March  29,  1883. 
Grandson  of  Elisha  Tyson,  the  philanthropist.  Studied  medicine  with 
Dr.  Wm.  Handy,  of  Baltimore,  Md.  After  graduation,  he  served  some 
time  in  a  hospital  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  After  practicing  medicine  awhile 
in  Washington  his  health  failed  and  he  engaged  in  pharmacy.  See 
Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  162  ;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  1903, 

p.  602. 

JULY  3.  1848 

88.  GEORGE  McCAULEY  DOVE— Born  Oct.  5,  1817,  District  of 
Columbia.  M.  D.,  1839,  Univ.  Penna.  Licentiate  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland, 
1841.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  Surgeon  to  Baltimore  Battalion,  in 
Mexican  War,  1846  ;  Secretary  and  afterwards  President  Board  of  Health, 
D.  C.  Died  Jan.  30,  1874.  Son  of  Marmaduke  and  Margaret  Dove. 
Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Kearney,  U.  S.  Navy.  After  graduation, 
practiced  in  Washington,  For  many  years  Physician  to  Washington 
Asylum  ;  also  Attending  Physician  Providence  Hospital,  and  in  1849  of 
Smallpox  Hospital.  For  a  long  time  Prof.  Practice  of  Medicine,  Colum- 
bian Med.  College;  also  sometime  Demonstrator  and  Adjunct  Prof.  Anat- 
omy, Georgetown  Med.  School.  During  the  Civil  War  was  in  charge  of 
a  military  hospital.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan.  31,  1874  ;  Trans.  A. 
M.  A.,  1874,  XXV,  p.  525;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  of  Maryland,  1903, 
p.  381. 

89.  JOSEPH  WALSH— Born  Oct.  28,  1806,  Dublin,  Ireland.  M.  D., 
1843,  Columbian.  Sometime  apothecary  in  Washington.  Acting  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  A.     Father  of  Dr.  J.  K.  Walsh,  infra.     Died  of  pneumonia, 


240  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Nov.  9,  1879.  Son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret  Corrigan  Walsh,  of  Dublin. 
Educated  at  the  Jesuit  College,  Dublin.  Graduated  in  pharmacy,  1828, 
at  Apothecaries'  Hall,  Dublin.  Travelled  much,  over  the  world  ;  finally 
settled  in  Washington.  Served  some  time  in  U.  S.  Marine  Barracks  and 
studied  medicine.  After  graduation,  was  contract  physician  at  Marine 
Barracks,  and  also  practiced  among  the  citizens.  Sometime  physician  to 
the  poor.  Member  Med.  Association,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Association. 
Married,  Sept.  7,  1843,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Wm.  and  Malinda  Tench 
Smith,  of  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Nov.  10,  1879; 
Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1880,  XXXI,  p.  1096. 

90.  JOSEPH  B.  EDELIN,  M.  D.— Born  in  Maryland,  Acting  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  A.     Died  May  18,  1876. 

91.  JOHN  IGNATIUS  DYER— Born  May  17,  1827,  District  of  Colum- 
bia. M.  D.,  Columbian,  1847.  Dropped  from  membership,  1866.  Re- 
moved to  St.  Marys  Co.,  Md.  Returned  to  Washington,  1876;  appointed 
Visiting  Physician  Washington  Asylum,  also  Physician  St.  Vincent's  Or- 
phan Asylum.     Died  May  9,  1903. 

92.  ISAAC  STREIGHT  L,AUCK— [Lauck's  name  appears  only  once 
in  the  minutes  of  the  Society,  namely.  May  18,  1864,  the  day  after  he 
died.  The  1885  list  dates  his  election  in  1848,  but  on  what  authority 
does  not  appear.]  Born  March  11,  1820,  Martinsburg,  Va.  M.  D.,  1841, 
Pennsylvania  College,  Philadelphia.  Died  May  17,  1864.  Grandson  of 
Peter  Lauck,  an  officer  in  Morgan's  Virginia  Riflemen,  War  of  American 
Revolution  ;  son  of  First  Lieutenant  Lauck,  Tucker's  Winchester  Com- 
pany, War  of  1812.  Practiced  medicine  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  Married 
Miss  Anna  Jones,  niece  of  Dr.  Hezekiah  Magruder,  infra.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  May  18,  1864. 

JANUARY  1,  1849 

93.  WM.  H.  SAUNDERS— Born  in  District  of  Columbia.  M.  D., 
1848,  University  of  Penna.  Left  the  District  about  January,  1854.  Died 
in  Nicaraugua  in  i860,  during  the  last  and  disastrous  invasion  of  that 
country  by  Walker,  the  "  freebooter." 

94.  SAMUEL  CLAGETT  BUSEY— Born  July  23,  1828,  Montgomery 
Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1848,  Univ.  Penna.  LL.  D.,  1888,  St.  Mary's  Univ., 
Emmetsburg,  Md. ;  1899,  Georgetown  Univ.  President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C, 
1875-6.  Co-Editor  National  Medical  Journal,  Washington.  Died  Feb. 
12,  1901.  Author  of  "Congenital  occlusion  and  dilation  of  lymph 
channels,"  New  York,  1878;  "Personal  reminiscences,"  etc.,  Washing- 


6i 


62 


DISTRICT     OF     COI.UMBIA  24 1 

ton,  1895;  "The  year  1S96,"  etc.,  Washington,  1896;  "A  souvenir," 
etc.,  Washington,  1896;  "Pictures  of  the  City  of  Washington,"  Wash- 
ington, 1898;  "Annual  addresses,"  Washington,  1899;  "Physiological 
and  clinical  phenomena  of  natural  labor,"  Hirst's  System  of  Obstetrics, 
Philadelphia,  1888,  I  ;  "  Chronic  inversion  of  uterus,"  Mann's  System  of 
Gynecology,  Philadelphia,  1888.  [Son  of  John  and  Rachel  Clagett 
Busey  ;  born  on  a  farm  in  Montgomerj'  Co.,  Md.,  li  miles  east  of  Cabin 
John  Bridge.  Of  Scotch-English  descent ;  his  mother  the  daughter  of 
Thomas  Clagett,  seventh  in  line  of  descent  from  Capt.  Thomas  Clagett, 
to  whom  a  tract  of  land  known  as  Weston  was  patented  by  Lord  Balti- 
more.] Attended  a  country  school,  afterward  the  Rockville  Academy, 
1841-5.  Began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Hezekiah  Magruder, 
infra ;  his  facilities  for  study  were  a  Cullen's  Treatise  on  Materia  Med- 
ica,  37  years  old,  and  a  Dissector,  25  years  old,  several  rusty  scalpels  and 
a  tooth  forceps.  Afterwards  was  a  private  student  of  Dr.  Geo.  B.  W^ood, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  After  graduation  began  to  practice  medicine  in  W^ash- 
ington.  In  1847  married  Miss  Posey.  Was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Common  Council.  Assisted  in  the  reorganization  of  the  Medical  Society 
in  1852  ;  an  original  member  of  the  Pathological  Society.  In  1853  be- 
came Prof.  Materia  Medica,  Georgetown  Medical  School.  In  1858,  be- 
cause of  feeble  health,  gave  up  his  practice  in  Washington  and  removed 
to  a  farm  named  Mount  Pisgah,  afterward  "Belvoir,"on  the  Woodley 
Lane  Road,  where  he  remained  till  1868.  He  recovered  his  health,  re- 
turned to  the  city  and  resumed  his  practice.  Was  soon  engaged  in  found- 
ing a  hospital  for  sick  children,  assisted  by  Drs.  W»  B.  Drinkard,  F.  A. 
Ashford  and  W.  W.  Johnston.  In  1875  was  appointed  Prof.  Diseases  of 
Children,  Georgetown  Med.  School ;  in  1876,  Prof,  of  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine.  Aided  in  establishing  a  section  of  Diseases  of  Children 
in  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  One  of  the  founders  of  the  American  Pediatric  So- 
ciety. Materially  assisted  in  founding  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital.  One 
of  the  founders  and  the  first  President  of  Washington  Obstet.  and 
Gynecol.  Society  ;  founder  of  Amer.  Gynecol.  Society,  one  of  its  Vice 
Presidents;  also  founder  of  Association  of  Amer.  Physicians,  its  President 
in  1890.  One  of  the  founders  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences, 
and  was  on  the  Board  of  Managers  and  Vice  President  till  his  death. 
Member  of  Philosophical,  Anthropological  and  Historical  Societies  of 
Washington.  Retired  from  practice  in  1S95  and  devoted  himself  to  lit- 
erary work.  In  the  matter  of  the  water  supply  of  the  city  he  went  before 
Committees  of  Congress  and  Board  of  Trade;  public  meetings  were  held, 
in  all  of  which  he  took  part.  So  also  with  the  Medical  Practice  Act  ; 
he  was  always  on  the  watch,  and  toward  the  last  he  went  to  the  White 
House  and  found  in  the  bill  as  taken  to  the  President  for  signature  an 
interpolation  that  required  that  the  bill  go  back  to  the  Senate  for  correc- 
tion.    So  also  with  the  question  of  pure  milk  supply.     In  1895  he  suf- 

16 


242  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

fered  a  fracture  of  the  thigh  that  compelled  him  to  give  up  out-door 
work.  In  1896  he  published  an  autobiography  in  which  he  gave  sketches 
of  the  lives  of  many  of  the  founders  of  the  Medical  Society  and  his  con- 
temporaries. In  1899  he  published  a  series  of  annual  addresses  that  he 
had  delivered  before  the  Society.  One  of  these  was  on  "  The  history  of 
the  progress  of  sanitation  in  the  City  of  Washington  and  the  efforts  of 
the  medical  profession  in  relation  thereto."  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
Feb.  13,  20,  and  March  6,  1901  ;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1901,  VI,  pp.  72- 
92;  National  Med.  Review,  1893-4,  II,  p.  177;  Georgetown  University, 
II,  p.  77. 

JANUARY  ?,  1850 

95.  HENRY  JOHN  CROSSON— Born  Jan.  19,  1805,  Baltimore  Co., 
Md.  M.  D.,  1836,  Univ.  Maryland.  Sometime  clerk  in  Treasury  Dept., 
D.  C.  Dropped  from  membership,  1877.  Died  Nov.  21,  1880,  of  con- 
sumption. 

96.  RUFUS  HOLMEAD  SPEAKE— Born  April  17,  1807,  Alexandria, 

D.  C.  M.  D.,  1829,  Washington  Med.  College,  Baltimore.  Licentiate 
M.  C.  F.,  Maryland,  1831-2.  Died  Sept.  20,  1867.  Son  of  Capt.  Josias 
M.  Speake,  U.  S.  N.  Educated  in  Alexandria,  and  in  Georgetown  Col- 
lege. Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Peregrine  Warfield,  supra.  Practiced 
in  Montgomery  Co.,  Md.,  until  1S49;  afterwards  in  Washington  till  1863, 
when  poor  health  compelled  him  to  give  up  practice,  after  which  he  was 
a  clerk  in  the  Second  Auditor's  Office,  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  Sept.  20,  1867  ;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1868,  XIX,  p.  435  ;  Cordell's 
Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  1903,  p.  577. 

97.  HEZEKIAH  MAGRUDER— Born  May  24,  1804,  Montgomery  Co., 
Md.  M.  D.,  1826,  Univ.  Maryland.  Died  July  20,  1874.  Son  of  George 
B.  and  Charity  Margaret  Wilson  Magruder.  Educated  at  Carnachan's 
Seminary.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  B.  S.  Bohrer,  supra.  After  grad- 
uation practiced  in  Georgetown,  D.  C.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ; 
Amer.  Med.  Assn.  Married  Miss  Alice  Crittenden,  of  Georgetown  ; 
afterwards,  Miss  Mary  Chipman,  of  Georgetown  ;  afterwards.  Miss  Mary 

E.  Fitzhugh,  of  Virginia.  One  son,  Dr.  Alex.  F.  Magruder,  is  Passed 
Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  July  21,  1874;  Trans. 
A.  M.  A.,  1880,  XXXI,  p.  1065  ;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  157, 

JULY  1,  1850 

98.  AARON  WOOLLEY  MILLER— Born  Aug.  26,  1818,  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  M.  D.,  1846,  Columbian.  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.  Dropped  from  mem- 
bership, 1877.  Died  Jan.  6,  18S1.  Received  liberal  education  ;  served  in 
hospital  of  U.  S.  Marine  Barracks,  Washington.  After  graduation  in 
medicine  practiced  in  Washington.     At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  243 

"  went  south"  and  served  in  hospitals  till  1865  ;  then  returned  to  Wash- 
ington and  resumed  practice.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  Amer. 
Med.  Assn.  Son  of  Isaac  Smith  Miller  who  was  connected  with  U.  S. 
Arsenal,  Washington,  and  Abbie  WooUey  Miller.  Married  Julia  Wood- 
ward, daughter  of  Amon  Woodward.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan. 
12,  1881  ;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1881,  XXXII,  p.  526. 

1850 

99.  JAMES  MORRIS  WILSON— [Wilson's  name  appears  on  the  18S5 
list  as  having  been  a  member  in  1850.  His  name  is  not  on  the  minutes 
of  the  Society  nor  on  the  Treasurer's  book.]  Born  Nov.  21,  1821,  Prin- 
cess Anne  Co.,  Md.  [So  stated  in  the  1885  catalogue,  but  there  is  no 
county  of  that  name  in  Maryland.]  M.  D.,  1846,  Berkshire.  Removed 
from  the  District  about  1858. 

100.  WILLIAM  H.  WATERS— [Waters'  name  does  not  appear  on  the 
minutes  of  the  Society  nor  on  the  Treasurer's  book.  The  Society  took 
no  action  in  regard  to  his  death.  The  list  of  the  Medical  Association  of 
1854  states  that  he  had  left  the  District.  The  date,  1850,  therefore,  is 
tentative.]  Born  in  District  of  Columbia.  M.  D.,  1841,  Columbian. 
Said  to  have  removed  from  the  city  between  1848  and  1854.     Died  Nov. 

7,  1865. 

JANUARY  6,  1851 

101.  ALEXANDER  SOMERVILLE  WOTHERSPOON— Born  1817, 
New  York  City.  A.  B.,  1837,  Columbia,  N.  Y.  City;  M.  D.,  1841,  Coll. 
Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y.  City.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1843-54.  Died  May 
4,  1854.     See  Brown's  History,  p.  293  ;  Powell's  History,  p.  690. 

JULY  7,  1851 

102.  SAMUEL  W.  EVERETT— Born  Aug.  25,  1820,  London,  Eng- 
land. M.  D.,  1850,  Univ.  City  of  New  York.  Removed  in  1852  to 
Quincy,  111.  Surgeon,  loth  111.  Vols,  and  U.  S.  Vols.  Killed  at  Battle 
of  Pittsburg  Landing,  April  6,  1862.  Son  of  Chas.  Everett,  of  Boston, 
Mass.  Educated  in  London  and  Paris.  In  1840  the  family  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  resided  at  Quincy,  111.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Adams  Nichols.  In  1847-8  was  in  charge  of  medical  stores  at  San  An- 
tonio, Texas.  After  graduation  in  medicine,  practiced  in  Washington. 
When  the  Georgetown  Med.  School  was  organized  he  was  appointed  Prof. 
Anatomy.  In  1852  returned  to  Quincy;  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War 
he  joined  the  Union  Army;  was  stationed  awhile  at  Cairo,  111.  In  the 
winter  of  1861-2  was  Med.  Director,  Dept.  Missouri,  and  later  was  ordered 
to  Tennessee.  "On  the  battlefield  of  Shiloh,  April  6,  1862,  at  about  8 
A.  M.,  he  fell,  pierced  by  two  bullets,  one  through  the  forehead  and  the 


244  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Other  through  the  body;  the  wounds  were  instantly  fatal.  He  had  been 
actively  engaged  in  his  surgical  duties  from  the  commencement  of  the 
action,  when  General  Prentiss  saw  him  stop  men  who  were  retreating, 
and  induce  them  to  return  to  the  front.  A  short  time  afterward  he  was 
seen  to  rally  fifty  men  and  lead  them  personally  into  the  fight,  during 
one  of  the  most  critical  periods  of  the  engagement.  It  was  at  this  time, 
when  in  near  proximity  to  the  enemy,  and  between  the  opposing  lines, 
that  he  was  shot  dead  from  his  horse."  In  1848  he  married  Miss  Mary 
Smith,  of  Alexandria,  Va.     See  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1S63,  XIV,  p.  212. 

103.  ALEXANDER  YELVERTON  PEYTON  GARNETT— Born  Sept. 
19,  1820,  Essex  Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1841,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg,  and 
Passed  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N.;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.  President  Med.  Assn., 
D.  C,  1882-3.  President  A.  M.  A.,  1887.  Died  July  11,  1888,  Rehoboth 
Beach,  Del.  Son  of  Muscoe  and  Maria  Wills  Battle  Garnett,  who  resided 
on  a  plantation  near  the  Rappahannock  River.  Educated  by  private 
tutors.  After  graduation  in  medicine  served  in  U.  S.  Navy,  finally  sta- 
tioned at  the  Navy  Yard,  Washington.  Resigned  in  1S48,  and  afterwards 
practiced  in  Washington.  Member  of  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  President 
Patholog.  Society  ;  member  Amer.  Med.  Assn  ;  one  of  the  original  mem- 
bers Amer.  Climatolog.  Society.  In  1858  Physician  to  U.  S.  Penitentiary, 
Washington  ;  Prof.  Clinical  Medicine,  Columbian  Med.  College.  During 
the  Civil  War  was  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  in  charge  of  military  hospitals, 
Richmond,  Va.  ;  member  of  Board  of  Med.  Examiners,  C.  S.  A.  Physi- 
cian to  Jefferson  Davis,  President  of  Southern  Confederacy;  to  Gen.  R.  E. 
Lee  and  family,  and  to  most  of  the  families  of  the  Cabinet  Officers  of  the 
Confederate  Government.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Wash- 
ington and  resumed  practice  here.  Elected  Prof,  of  Practice  of  Medicine, 
Columbian  Med.  College  ;  resigned  in  1870.  Member  of  Board  of  Di- 
rectors and  Consulting  Staff,  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women,  and  Chil- 
dren's Hospital ;  of  Consulting  Staff,  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital ;  Con- 
sulting Physician  to  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum  and  Central  Dispensary 
and  Emergency  Hospital.  President  Southern  Memorial  Association. 
Chairman  of  Local  Committee  of  Arrangements,  Ninth  International 
Med.  Congress.  Married  the  daughter  of  Hon.  Henry  A.  Wise,  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia.  One  son  was  a  physician.  Dr.  A.  Y.  P.  Garnett,  Jr. 
See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  July  13,  18S8  ;  Jour.  Amer,  Med.  Assn,  1888, 
XI,  p.  105;  Trans.  Amer.  Climat.  Assn.  (1890),  1891,  VII,  p.  323;  At- 
kinson's Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  113  ;  20th  Century  Biog.  Diet.,  1904; 
Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  192;  J.  B.  Hamilton's  Remarks,  etc.,  Wash- 
ington, 1888. 

104.  FREDERICK  ADOLPHUS  WISLIZENUS— Born  May,  1810, 
Koenigsee,  Germany.  M.  D.,  1834,  Univ.  Ziirich.  Removed  to  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  died,  Sept.  22,  1889.     Said  to  have  served  in  the 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  245 

Mexican  War.  Educated  at  the  Gymnasium  at  Dornfeld,  Thuringia,  at 
Goettingen,  Jena  and  Wuerzburg.  Was  compromised  in  the  famous 
"  Frankfuerter  Attendat,"  and  had  to  flee  the  country.  "  In  the  spring 
of  1833  a  conspiracy  had  been  formed  in  Frankfurt-on-the-Main,  to 
avenge  itself  on  the  Federal  Diet,  which  by  its  severely  restrictive  press 
laws  had  roused  the  citizens,  particularly  the  younger  portion,  including 
many  students  in  the  several  faculties,  to  something  little  short  of  mad- 
ness. In  this  conspiracy  Wislizenus,  with  Matthia  and  others  of  the 
medical  Burschenschaft,  took  a  leading  part,  the  design  being  to  blow  up 
the  Diet.  April  3,  1S33,  the  attempt  was  made.  The  guard  house  was 
carried  by  storm,  and  the  conspirators  were  within  an  ace  of  effecting 
their  purpose  when  the  military  appeared  in  the  nick  of  time,  arrested 
nine  of  the  youths  and  put  the  others  to  flight.  Among  those  who,  after 
hairbreadth  escapes,  eluded  arrest,  was  young  Wislizenus,  who  found  his 
way  to  Switzerland,  where,  at  the  University  of  Ziirich  he  resumed  his 
studies  and  graduated  with  distinction,  and  in  1835  proceeded  to  the 
United  States.  Ultimately  settling  in  practice  at  St.  Louis,  he  rapidly 
formed  an  extensive  clientele,  of  which  his  compatriots  were  the  nucleus, 
and  realized  a  handsome  income,  which  enabled  him  to  give  time  to  pure 
science  and  also  to  travel  in  and  beyond  the  States.  He  made  memora- 
ble visits  to  Mexico  and  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  published  most  inter- 
esting records  of  his  observations  and  experiences.  By  all  classes  he  was 
looked  upon  as  an  enthusiastic  and  large-minded  reformer,  and  honest 
and  benevolent  survivor  of  the  '  Vor  Achtundvierziger'  men,  as  the  pre- 
cursors of  the  revolution  of  1848  are  familiarly  called."  See  Annual  Re- 
port of  Smithsonian  Institution,  1904,  pp.  398,  715  ;  Lancet,  London, 
1889,  II,  p.  936. 

JANUARY  2,  1852 

105.  JAMES  M.  AUSTIN— Born  in  Virginia.  M.  D.,  1832,  Univ. 
Penna.  First  Prof.  Materia  Medica,  Georgetown  Med.  School  ;  mem- 
ber Clinico-Patholog.  Society.     Removed  and  died. 

106.  MARTIN  VAN  BUREN  BOGAN— Born  Sept.  16,  1829,  Wood- 
stock, Va.  Son  of  Maj.  Benjamin  Lewis  and  Sarah  Ott  Bogan.  Brother 
of  Dr.  S.  W.  Bogan,  ittfra.  Father  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Bogan.  M.  D.,  1851, 
Columbian.  Dropped  from  membership  1878.  Married  Naomi  Thomp- 
son ;  in  1859  Charlotte  Augusta  Gray.     Died  April  20,  1898. 

107.  SAMUEL  B.  BLANCHARD— Born  in  1817,  in  Massachusetts. 
M.  D.,  1850,  Columbian,  Dropped  from  membership  1872.  Died  sud- 
denly Aug.  21,  1877.  Practiced  in  Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn., 
D.  C.     Unmarried.     See  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1878,  XXIX,  p.  618. 


246  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

[P.  J.  Reuss  paid  the  membership  fee  $5.00  Oct.  26,  1852,  but  there 
is  no  record  of  nomination,  election,  or  even  the  granting  of  a  license ; 
nor  does  the  name  appear  on  the  list  of  the  Med.  Association.] 

JANUARY  13,  1853 

108.  FRANCIS  HAMILTON  HILL— Borni826  or  1827,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1849,  Columbian.  Reelected  again  about  July  7,  1856;  the  reason  does 
not  appear.     Dropped  from  membership.     Died  Jan.  30,  1906. 

109.  BENJAMIN  FANEUIL  CRAIG— Born  Jan.  28,  1829,  at  U.  S.  Ar- 
senal, Watertown,  Mass.  A.  B.,  1849  ;  M.  D.,  1851,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting 
Assist.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Author  of  "Weights  and  Measures  according  to 
the  decimal  system,"  &c.  New  York,  1867;  second  edition,  1868. 
"Report  relative  to  steerage  passengers  on  emigrant  vessels,"  Wash- 
ington, 1874.  Died  April  10,  1877.  Son  of  Gen.  H.  K.  Craig,  Chief  of 
Ordnance,  U.  S.  A.  Educated  at  schools  in  Boston.  After  graduation 
in  medicine  he  studied  in  London  and  Paris.  Returned  to  United  States 
in  1853  and  was  appointed  Prof.  Chemistry,  Georgetown  Med.  School. 
In  1858  was  placed  in  charge  of  Chemical  Laboratory,  Smithsonian 
Institution.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  was  made  Consulting 
Chemist  to  the  Medical  Purveyor's  Dept.,  U.  S.  Army.  "  Dr.  Craig  also 
prepared,  from  material  found  in  the  U.  S.  Patent  Office,  a  monograph 
on  rifled  field  ordnance,  showing  the  actual  condition  of  the  rifled  artil- 
lery used  in  the  army  in  the  early  years  of  the  war.  General  H.  J.  Hunt, 
remarked  of  this  paper  that  it  contained  later  information  by  eighteen 
months  than  could  be  found  in  the  War  Department  files,  and  was  of 
great  use  to  him  in  discharging  his  duties  as  Chief  of  Artillery  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  he  was  much  aided  by  the  analyses,  made  by 
Dr.  Craig,  of  fuses  and  other  ordnance  material."  After  the  close  of  the 
war  Dr.  Craig  continued  in  charge  of  the  chemical  laboratory  of  the 
Army  Medical  Department,  and  in  addition  supervised  and  collected  the 
meteorological  observations  reported  by  the  medical  officers  at  various 
points.  In  1S73,  at  the  request  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  he 
made  two  voyages  to  Europe  to  make  a  series  of  elaborate  experiments 
on  the  air  of  the  steerages  of  emigrant  steamers,  with  a  view  of  establish- 
ing regulations  for  the  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  the  passengers  by 
these  vessels.  For  a  year  before  his  death  he  was  engaged  in  drawing 
up  a  report  on  the  influence  of  climate  on  the  health  of  troops,  designed 
as  an  addition  to  the  Medical  History  of  the  War.  Member  of  Amer. 
Assn.  Adv.  Science  ;  Secretary  of  Philosophical  Society  of  Washington, 
etc.  [The  Treasurer's  book  shows  that  Benjamin  Franklin  paid  I5.00  on 
March  15,  1853  :  this  is  probably  intended  for  Craig,  as  no  one  by  the 
name  of  Franklin  appears  on  the  list  of  licentiates  or  the  Med.  Assn.] 
See  Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  1877,  XCVI,  p.  590. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  247 

110.  EDWARD  HACKLEY  CARMICHAEL— Born  in  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land.    M.  D.,  1817,  Univ.  Maryland.    Died  in  1855,  in  Washington. 

[Carmichael,  Du  Hamel  and  Palmer  attended  a  meeting,  Nov.  19,  1852, 
and  Carmichael  and  Du  Hamel  voted,  though  they  were  not  elected  till 
Jan.  13,  1853,  so  that  the  mere  fact  of  attending  or  even  voting,  does  not 
prove  that  the  person  was  a  member.] 

111.  WM.  JAMES  CHAMBERLIN  DU  HAMEL— Born  June  18,  1827, 
Maryland.  A.  M.,  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore;  M.  D.,  1849,  Univ. 
Maryland.  Licentiate  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S. 
A.  Dropped  from  membership,  1872.  Removed  to  Baltimore.  Died  in 
Washington,  Aug.  15,  1883.  After  graduation  in  medicine,  he  practiced, 
in  partnership  with  a  Dr.  Bayne,  for  several  years.  Said  to  have  attended 
the  occupants  of  the  White  House  for  three  Presidential  terms.  Physician 
to  U.  S.  prisoners,  D.  C,  several  years.  See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1880,  Sup- 
plement, p.  5  ;  Appleton's  Biog.,  1887,  II,  p.  251  ;  Cordell's  Med.  An- 
nals, Maryland,  1903,  p.  383, 

112.  JOHN  CAMPBELL  RILEY,  son  of  Dr.  Joshua  Riley,  supra— 
Born  Dec.  15,  1828,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  184S;  A.  M.,  1851,  Georgetown.  M.  D., 
1851,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  President  Board  of 
Health  two  years.  Commissioner  of  Pharmacy.  Died  Feb.  22,  1879,  of 
Bright's  Disease.  Author  of  "  Compend  of  materia  medica  and  thera- 
peutics," Philadelphia,  1869,  which  was  translated  into  Japanese;  Tokio, 
1872.  After  graduation  in  medicine  he  practiced  in  Washington.  In 
1859  succeeded  his  father  in  the  chair  of  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics 
and  Pharmacy,  Columbian  Med.  College.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ; 
Amer.  Med.  Assn.  ;  Philosophical  Societyof  Washington  ;  Secretary  of 
Pharmacopoeia  Revision  Committee.  Consulting  Physician  Providence 
Hospital,  Central  Dispensary  and  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary.  Married  a 
Miss  Howie,  afterwards  a  Miss  Wilson.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Feb. 
24,  1879;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  234;  National  Med.  Re- 
view, 1878-9,  I,  p.  136;  Appleton's  Biog.,  1889,  V,  p.  256;  Trans,  A.  M.  A., 
1879,  p.  833  ;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  155. 

113.  WILLIAM  GRAY  PALMER— Born  Feb.  22,  1824,  Montgomery 
Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1844,  Univ.  Penna.  Died  Nov.  23,  1893.  Came  of  a 
family  of  medical  men.  Son  of  a  popular  physician  in  Montgomery  Co. 
Studied  medicine  with  his  father.  After  graduation  practiced  at  Bladens- 
burg,  Md.,  until  1853,  when  he  removed  to  Washington.  Member  Amer. 
Med.  Assn.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Nov.  24,  1893  ;  Atkinson's  Phys. 
and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  511;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  664;  Busey's  Reminis- 
cences, p.  201. 


248  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

114.  JOHN  RICHARDS— Born  Oct.  15,  1815,  County  Antrim,  Ire- 
land. M.  D.,  1834,  Univ.  Maryland,  Father  of  Dr.  F.  P.  Richards,  infra. 
Died  in  Washington,  of  pneumonia,  Jan.  19,  1862.  [Son  of  Samuel 
Richards  and  Rosanna  Brown,  who  came  from  near  Belfast,  Ireland  ; 
their  ancestors  came  from  Scotland  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.]  Had  a 
classical  education  and  attended  medical  schools  at  Univ.  Edinburgh  and 
in  Paris.  Had  an  uncle,  John  Richards,  who  practiced  in  Alexandria, 
Va.,  and  who  persuaded  the  Doctor  to  come  to  America.  He  came  in 
1837  (?)  In  1841  married  Laura,  daughter  of  Col.  Francis  Peyton.  In 
1852  he  removed  to  Washington  to  practice.  Member  Med.  Association, 
D.  C.     See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan.  21,  J862. 

115.  LEOPOLD  VICTOR  DOVILLIERS— Born  Feb.  15,  1818,  Paris, 
France.  M.  D.,  1850,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A. 
Sometime  Prof.  French,  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis.  Dropped 
from  membership,  1889.     Died  Aug.  25,  1892. 

116.  McCarthy  B.  MELVIN— Born  1814,  Virginia.  M.  D.,  1849, 
Univ.  Maryland.  Dropped  from  membership,  1875.  Died  May  21,  1904, 
District  of  Columbia. 

JANUARY  2,  1854 

117.  SAMUEL  AUCHMETY  HARRISON  McKIM— Born  April  17, 
1826,  Charlestown,  Mass.  M.  D.,  1852,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg., 
U.  S.  A.  Dropped  from  membership.  Reelected  Oct.  i,  1861;  dropped 
a  second  time;  reelected  April  3,  1889;  resigned  Jan.  24,  1900.  Died 
July  26,  1900,  of  paralysis.  [His  parents  came  from  England  to  Wash- 
ington in  1804  ;  removed  later  to  Massachusetts,  and  returned  to  Wash- 
ington, when  his  father  was  appointed  Paymaster  at  U.  S.  Marine 
Barracks.]  After  graduation  in  medicine  he  practiced  in  Washington. 
In  1 861  he  organized  a  company  of  volunteers  for  the  Union  Army  and 
was  made  Captain  ;  was  stationed  at  Bennings  Bridge,  D.  C.  In  1890  was 
made  Surgeon  of  3d  Battalion,  D.  C.  N.  G.;  in  June,  1893,  Surgeon  ist 
Regt.,  N.  G.  For  some  years  was  Surgeon  B.  &  O.  R.  R. ;  for  30  years 
Surgeon  to  Metropolitan  Police,  D.  C. 

118.  ALEXANDER  S.  YOUNG— Born  in  the  D.  C.  M.  D.  1850, 
Columbian.  Was  elected  again  Jan.  7,  1856  ;  the  reason  does  not  appear. 
Nothing  more  known  of  him. 

119.  HENRY  CONSTANTINE  SIMMS— Born,  1828,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1855,  Jefferson.  Elected  again  Jan.  7,  1856 ;  the  reason  does  not  appear. 
Removed  to  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1857.  W^as  Coroner  of  Kings  Co.,  N.  Y., 
1874-82.     Physician  to  several  hospitals.     Died  Feb.  13,  1883. 


Jvn-c  Lns.Co. 


63 


64 


DISTRICT     OF    COIvUMBIA  249 

PROBABLY  JANUARY  3,  1855 

120.  JAMES  WM.  HAMII.TON  LOVEJOY— Born  Dec.  15,  1824,  D.  C. 
A.  B.,  1844;  A.  M.,  1847,  Columbian.  M.  D.,  1851,  Jefferson.  President 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1870-3.  Died  March  18,  1901.  His  ancestors  settled 
in  Maryland  about  1600.  Son  of  John  Nay  lor  Lovejoy,  Jr.,  of  Washing- 
ton, and  Ann  Beddo  Lovejoy,  of  Montgomery  Co.,  Md.  Educated  in 
private  schools,  Washington  ;  taught  school  a  few  years.  After  gradua- 
tion in  medicine,  practiced  in  Washington.  1851-4,  was  Prof.  Chemistry, 
Georgetown  Med.  School  ;  became  Prof.  Materia  Medica  in  1880,  and  of 
Practice  of  Medicine  in  1883  ;  resigned  in  1898.  Was  Dean  five  years 
and  President  of  the  Med.  Faculty  ten  years.  One  of  the  founders  and 
Consulting  Physician,  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital ;  Director  and  Con- 
sulting Physician  and  Chairman  of  Executive  Committee,  Children's 
Hospital  ;  Chairman  of  Lecture  Faculty  of  Nurses'  Training  School; 
member  Amer.  Med.  Assn.,  Asst.  Secretary  in  1868  ;  member  Med.  and 
Surg.  Society,  D.  C.  ;  sometime  President  Alumni  Assn.,  Columbian 
University.  Nov.  24,  1S58,  married  Maria  Lansing  Green,  daughter  of 
Wni.  A.  Green,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  See  Minutes,  Med.  Society,  March 
20,  and  April  3,  1901  ;  Tans,  Med.  Society,  1901,  VI,  p.  120;  Atkinson's 
Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  64  ;  Who's  Who  in  America,  1901-2  ;  George- 
town University,  II,  p.  74. 

121.  RALEIGH  T.  BROWNE— Born  in  Virginia.  M.  D.,  1836,  Univ. 
Penna.     Died  before  1S61. 

122.  ALEXANDER  JENKINS  SEMMES— Born  Dec.  17,  1828.  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia.  A.  B.,  1850;  A.  M.,  1852,  Georgetown;  M.  D.,  1851, 
Columbian.  Removed  from  D.  C.  in  i860.  Surgeon,  8th  Louisiana 
(Conf.)  Vols.;  Surgeon  and  Med.  Insp.,  C.  S.  A.  Died  September,  1898, 
at  New  Orleans,  La.  [Son  of  Raphael  Semmes,  of  Nanjemoy,  and  Ma- 
tilda Neale  Jenkins,  of  Cobneck,  on  the  Potomac,  Charles  Co.,  Md.  ;  his 
paternal  and  maternal  grandfathers  were  officers  of  the  Maryland  line  of 
the  Revolutionary  Army,  direct  descendants  of  Roman  Catholic  gentry, 
who,  flying  from  persecution  in  England,  came  to  Maryland  between 
1636  and  1650 ;  some  of  them  settled  in  the  adjoining  counties  of  Vir- 
ginia.] Cousin  of  Raphael  Semmes,  Commander  of  the  Alabama,  Con- 
federate Navy.  Educated  in  Georgetown  College.  Studied  medicine  with 
Dr.  Grafton  Tyler,  supra.  After  graduation,  attended  medical  schools 
and  hospitals  in  London  and  Paris.  Practiced  medicine  in  Washington  ; 
was  Physician  to  U.  S.  Jail.  After  removal  to  New  Orleans  was  Resident 
Physician  Charity  Hospital.  During  the  Civil  W^ar,  served  in  Hay's 
Louisiana  Brigade,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  ;  was  Surgeon  in  charge 
third  division  Jackson  Military  Hospital,  Richmond,  Va.;  Medical  In- 
spector, Department  of  Northern  Virginia  ;  Inspector  of  Hospitals,  De- 


250  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

partment  of  Virginia ;  member  of  Army  Board  to  examine  medical 
officers;  President  of  Examining  Boards  of  the  Louisiana,  Jackson,  Stuart 
and  Winder  Hospitals,  Richmond.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he  re- 
turned to  New  Orleans,  and  was  Visiting  Physician  to  Charity  Hospital. 
In  1867  removed  to  Savannah,  Ga.;  1870  to  1876,  Prof.  Physiology,  Sa- 
vannah Med.  College.  Subsequently  took  orders  in  Roman  Catholic 
Church  and  in  1886  became  President  of  Pio  Nono  College,  Macon,  Ga. 
Member  of  the  Georgia  Med.  Society  and  Amer.  Med.  Association,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  Secretaries  in  1858-9  and  1869,  and  in  1852  was 
Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Amer.  Med.  Society  in  Paris.  Married, 
Oct.  4,  1864,  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  Sarah  Lowndes  Berrien,  daughter  of  John 
MacPherson  Berrien,  Attorney  General,  United  States,  in  Cabinet  of 
President  Jackson,  and  for  many  years  U.  S.  Senator  from  Georgia. 
Author  of  "  Report  on  the  medico-legal  duties  of  coroners,"  Philadelphia, 
1857.  See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  271;  Appleton's  Biog.,  1889,  V,  p. 
460;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  674;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  158. 

[Semmes  and  Hagner  attended  the  meeting,  Jan.  3,  1855,  and  Semmes 
was  elected  Treasurer  at  that  meeting.  There  is  no  record  of  any  meet- 
ing in  July,  1854.  Coolidge  attended  a  meeting,  July  2,  1855,  and  was 
placed  on  an  important  committee.      Hansmann  attended  Jan.  7,  1856.] 

123.  DANIEL  RANDALL  HAGNER— Born  July  19,  1830,  D.  C. 
A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  St.  John's  College,  Hagerstown,  Md.  M.  D.,  1851, 
Univ.  Penna.  President,  1883-4,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  March  14, 
1893.  Son  of  Peter  Hagner,  for  nearly  fifty  years  Third  Auditor,  U.  S. 
Treasury  Dept.  After  graduating  in  medicine  he  spent  a  year  or  more  in 
Europe ;  then  practiced  in  Washington.  Consulting  Physician,  Prov- 
idence Hospital  and  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum,  1867-8.  Member  Board 
of  Health,  D.  C.  Author  of  "Vaccination  and  revaccination,"  Wash- 
ington, 1864.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  15,  1S93;  National  Med. 
Review,  1893-4,  II,  p.  21  ;  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  233  ;  Busey's  Rem- 
iniscences, p.  202. 

124.  RICHARD  HOFFMAN  COOLIDGE— Born  March  10,  1820, 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1841,  College  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y.  City. 
Asst.  Surg.,  Surgeon,  Med.  Inspector  and  Med.  Director,  U.  S.  A.  Died 
Jan.  23,  1866,  Raleigh,  N.  C.  Author  of  "Statistical  report  of  the  sick- 
ness and  mortality  in  the  army  of  the  U.  S."  etc.,  Washington,  1856  and 
i860.  Studied  medicine  with  his  uncle,  Dr.  Richard  Kissam  Hoffman. 
After  graduation  attended  the  hospitals  of  N.  Y.  City  for  about  two  years. 
Was  then  commissioned  in  the  Army  Med.  Corps.  Served  in  Maine  and 
in  Indian  Territory;  in  1848  at  Vera  Cruz,  and  afterwards  in  New  Orleans 
as  Medical  Purveyor.  Jan.,  1849,  "^^s  ordered  to  duty  in  the  office  of  the 
Surgeon  General,  U.  S.  Army,  at  Washington.     While  there  he  revised 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  25 1 

and  republished  Dr.  Thomas  Henderson's  {supra)  "  Hints  on  the  exam- 
ination of  recruits;"  and  was  co-editor  of  Beck's  Med.  Jurisprudence, 
reptiblished  in  i860.  In  1856-8  was  at  Ft.  Riley,  Kansas ;  1858-60 
again  in  Washington  ;  1860-2  on  the  Pacific  coast ;  1862-5  was  Med.  In- 
spector, serving  in  the  East  and  South  ;  November,  1S65,  became  Med. 
Director,  stationed  at  Raleigh,  N.  C,  where  he  died.  See  Brown's  His- 
tory, pp.  286,  288,  293;  Powell's  History,  p.  256;  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
Feb.  7,  1866;  New  York  Med.  Jour.,  1866,  II,  p.  399.  Appleton's  Biog., 
1887,  I,  p.  723  ;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1867,  XVIII,  p.  352. 

125.  CHARLES  FAIRCHILD  FORCE— Born  Feb.  9,  1827,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1852,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  C.  S.  A.  Served  during 
the  Mexican  War  in  Company  B,  ist  Virginia  Infantry.  Health  Officer 
in  Washington  in  i860  and  Surgeon  to  D.  C.  Troops.  Went  South  and 
joined  5th  Alabama  Regiment  just  after  first  battle  of  Manassas.  Mem- 
ber of  Gen.  R.  E.  Rodes'  staff.  Left  Virginia  and  went  to  Alabama  with 
Gen.  John  T.  Morgan  to  raise  51st  Alabama  Cavalry,  and  was  elected 
Captain  of  Company  E.  Served  in  Tennessee  campaign  under  Gens. 
N.  B.  Forrest  and  Joe  Wheeler.  Was  captured  near  Shelbyville,  Tenu., 
June  29,  1863,  and  was  in  prison  on  Johnson's  Island,  near  Sandusky, 
Ohio,  until  April  22,  1864.  Surrendered  at  Meridian,  Miss.,  at  close  of 
war,  after  which  he  lived  at  Cababa,  Ala.,  until  Jan.,  1866,  then  went  to 
Selma,  Ala.  Died  Aug.  4,  1884.  Married  Mary  E.  Matthews,  of  Tusca- 
loosa, Ala.,  Jan.  15,  1867. 

126.  BERNHARD  LUDWIG  WILHELM  THEODOR  HANS- 
MANN— Born  Sep.  21,  1821,  Dudesdorf,  Germany.  M.  D.,  1850,  Got- 
tingen.  Resigned  from  the  Society,  Jan.  11,  1899.     Retired  from  practice. 

JULY  2,  1855 

127.  SAMUEL  JACOBS  RADCLIFFE— Born  Feb.  2,  1829,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1852  ;  A.  M.,  1866,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Asst. 
Surg,  and  Surg.,  U.  S.Vols.  Died  July  9,  1903.  Son  of  Joseph  Radcliffe, 
[for  twenty  years  a  clerk  in  the  old  corporation  of  Washington],  and  the 
daughter  of  Thomas  Jacobs,  Alexandria,  Va.  Educated  at  McLeod's 
Academy,  Rockville,  Md.,  and  Georgetown  College.  Studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  J.  B.  Edelin,  supra,  and  Dr.  F.  Howard,  supra.  After  gradua- 
tion, practiced  in  Washington.  Sometime  Physician  to  the  Poor.  He 
removed  to  Baltimore,  Md.,  in  1858;  was  elected  a  member  Med.  and 
Surg.  Society,  of  Baltimore,  in  1859;  appointed  by  the  mayor  Physician 
to  the  Marine  Hospital  in  1861.  In  July,  1862,  was  appointed  Acting 
Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  and  was  on  duty  until  Feb.,  1864,  at  U.  S.  General 
Hospital,  Annapolis,  Md.     Was  then  commissioned  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  V., 


252  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

and  ordered  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Served  through  the  campaign 
to  Petersburg,  Va.,  as  Surgeon  to  Field  Hospital,  5th  Army  Corps,  and  in 
Sept.,  1864,  was  ordered  to  Naval  School  Hospital,  Annapolis.  Pro- 
moted to  Surgeon,  U.  S.  V.,  and  ordered  to  North  Carolina  as  Inspector  of 
Hospitals  and  Medical  Director,  23d  Army  Corps,  until  it  was  disbanded  • 
afterwards  Surgeon  in  charge  of  General  Hospital,  Smithville,  N.  C. 
Brevetted  Lieut.  Col.;  mustered  out,  Oct.,  1865.  In  1866  appointed  Act- 
ing Asst.  Surg.,  U.  8.  A.,  and  assistant  to  Surgeon  Basil  Norris,  U.  S.  A., 
the  Attending  Surgeon  at  Washington  ;  and  occupied  the  position  many 
years.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Assn.;  National  Institute; 
Wash.  Acad.  Sciences  and  Wash.  Microscop.  Society.  Married  Florence 
C,  daughter  of  Dr.  Joshua  Riley,  supra.  See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1880, 
Supp.,  p.  12  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  7  and  21,  1903  ;  Wash.  Med. 
Annals,  1903,  p.  350;  Georgetown  Univ.,  II,  p.  163. 

128.  JOSEPH  DUNTON  STEWART— Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.  D., 
1837,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg.,  31st  and  74th  New  York  Vols.  Dropped 
from  membership,  1875.     Died. 

JANUARY  7,  1856 

129.  LOUIS  MACK  ALL— Born  April  10,  183 1,  Prince  George  Co., 
Md.  M.  D.,  1851,  Univ.  Maryland.  Licentiate  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland. 
Father  of  Drs.  J.  McV.  and  Louis  Mackall,  infra.  President,  1876-9, 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  April  18,  1906.  Son  of  Dr.  Louis  and  Sarah 
Somervell  Mackall.  His  ancestors  emigrated  from  Scotland  about  1650 
and  settled  in  Calvert  Co.,  Md.  He  was  educated  in  Abbott's  Classical 
Seminary,  Georgetown,  and  Georgetown  College.  Studied  medicine 
with  his  father.  Practiced  in  Georgetown;  member  Amer.  Med.  Associ- 
ation; Prof.  Clinical  Medicine,  afterwards  Prof.  Physiology,  Georgetown 
Med.  School;  many  years  Attending  Physician  and  on  Consulting  Board 
Columbia  Hosp.  for  Women;  of  Consulting  Boards  of  Garfield  and  Emer- 
gency Hospitals ;  member  of  Common  Council  and  Board  of  Health 
of  Georgetown.  Married,  in  April,  1851,  Margaret  W.  McVean.  See 
Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  76;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  June  13,  1906; 
Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1906-7,  V,  p.  209;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  of  Mary- 
land, 1903,  p.  483. 

[July  7,  1856,  the  Society  amended  the  Constitution,  authorizing  the 
President  to  issue  certificates  of  membership  to  qualified  applicants. 
This  continued  until  July  i,  i860,  when  it  was  again  required  that  appli- 
cation should  be  made  to  and  the  applicant  be  elected  by  the  Society. 
During  the  four-years  interval  the  record  fails  to  show  the  dates  of  the 
certificates  given  by  the  successive  Presidents,  and  apparently  it  is  now 


DISTRICT     OF     COI.UMBIA  253 

impossible  to  ascertain  the  dates.  The  names  of  the  accessions  to  mem- 
bership during  the  interval  are  arranged  in  an  order  that  is  explained  for 
each  group.] 

PROBABLY  JULY  -J,  1856 

130.  JAMES  M.  GRYMES— Born  in  Norfolk,  Va.  M.  D.,  1853, 
Georgetown.     Died  in  1862. 

[Hill,  McCalla,  Marbury,  Waring  and  Nichols  were  nominated  Jan.  7, 
1856.  Apparently  McCalla  first  attended  Jan.  30,  1858  ;  Marbury,  June 
4,  1857 ;  Lippitt,  Oct.  27,  1855  ;  Waring,  July  13,  1857  ;  Grymes  and 
Snyder  attended  May  14,  1856,  and  were  appointed  on  a  committee.] 

131.  JOHN  MARSHALL  SNYDER— Born  Dec.  21,  1828,  Charles- 
town,  Va.  M.  D.,  1850,  Univ.  City  of  New  York.  Second  Lieut.,  4th 
Kentucky  Infantry,  Mexican  War.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Father 
of  Dr.  A.  A.  Snyder,  infra.  Died  by  accident,  Aug.  2,  1863.  Educated 
at  Sanborn's  Academy,  Charlestown,  Va.  Moved  to  Tennessee.  Served 
one  year  in  war  with  Mexico;  returned  at  the  close  of  the  war  with 
sick  and  wounded  sent  back  to  the  United  States.  Studied  medicine  with 
Prof.  S.  D.  Gross,  then  of  Louisville,  Ky.  After  graduation  he  practiced 
in  Georgetown.  In  1853  became  Prof.  Surgery,  Georgetown  Med.  School; 
a  few  years  later,  Prof.  Obstetrics.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  Amer. 
Med.  Assn.  ;  Patholog.  Society,  D.  C.  Married,  in  1853,  Sophia  C. 
Tayloe,  daughter  of  Wm.  H.  Tayloe,  of  Mount  Airy,  Richmond  Co.,  Va. 
See  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1880,  XXXI,  p.  1086;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  177. 

132.  JOHN  MOORE  McCALLA— Born  May  24,  1835,  Lexington,  Ky. 
M.  D.,  1853,  Columbian.  Resigned  Feb.  21,  1877,  retiring  from  practice. 
Died  April  30,  1897. 

133.  WILLIAM  MARBURY— Born  Feb.  9,  1824,  D.  C.  A.  M.,  1843, 
Georgetown;  M.  D.,  1847,  Univ.  Penna.  Died  Dec.  18,  1879.  Son  of 
John  Marbury,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  the  District.  Educated  at  George- 
town College.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Grafton  Tyler,  supra.  Began 
practice  at  Falmouth,  Va.,  but  after  four  years  returned  to  Washington. 
Attending  Physician  to  Washington  Orphan  Asylum  and  Providence 
Hospital.  Member  Med.  Association,  D.  C,  and  Amer.  Med.  Associa- 
tion. Retired  from  practice  to  engage  in  the  oil  business  in  W.  Va. 
Unmarried.  See  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1880,  XXXI,  p.  1066;  Busey's  Remi- 
niscences, p.  186;  Minutes  Med,  Society,  Dec.  18,  1879. 

134.  WM.  FONTAINE  LIPPITT— Born  Sept.  27,  1833,  near  Lees- 
burg,  Va.  Educated  at  Univ.  Virginia.  M.  D.,  1853,  Jefferson.  Mar- 
ried, 1859,  M.  Louise  Perry,  daughter  of  Judge  Perry,  of  Cumberland, 
Md.  Removed  about  i860  to  Charlestown,  Va.,  where  he  died,  March 
II,  1902.     One  son,  Dr.  W.  F.  Lippitt,  Jr.,  is  in  Porto  Rico. 


254  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

135.  JAMES  JOHNSTON  WARING— Born  Aug.  19,  1830,  Savannah, 
Ga.  A.  B.,  1850,  Yale.  M.  D.,  1852,  Univ.  Penna.  Removed  to  vSavan- 
nah,  1863.  Was  Surg.  General,  Eastern  District  North  Carolina,  C.S.A., 
1862-3.  Died  in  18S8.  Author  of  "  The  Epidemic  at  Savannah,  1877," 
etc.;  Savannah,  1879.  See  also  Report  of  Committee  on  Sewerage, 
Savannah,  1866.  Prof.  Obstetrics,  Columbian  Med.  College.  It  is  said 
that  he  had  some  connection  with  the  Smithsonian  Institution  and 
pledged  his  private  fortune  to  raise  money  for  it,  but  eventually  was 
unable  to  meet  the  interest  on  the  loans  and  the  notes  were  closed  out. 
His  principal  life  work  was  in  connection  with  drainage  and  sanitation 
of  Savannah  during  and  after  the  yellow  fever  epidemic  1876.  Alder- 
man in  1877-8. 

136.  CHARLES  HENRY  NICHOLS— Born  Oct.  19,  1820,  Vassal- 
boro.  Me.  M.  D.,  1843,  Univ.  Penna.  A.  M.,  1851,  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  N.  Y.  LL.  D.,  1879,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S. 
A.  Supt.  of  St.  Elizabeth  Asylum,  D.  C,  1852-77,  then  became  Super- 
intendent of  Bloomingdale  Asylum,  New  York.  Name  dropped  ;  re- 
elected Jan.  7,  1867.  Died  Dec.  16,  1889.  Educated  in  schools  in  Maine 
and  at  Providence,  R.  I.  In  1847  became  connected  with  the  State  In- 
sane Asylum,  Utica,  N.  Y.;  in  1849  Physician  to  Bloomingdale  .\sylura. 
In  1852,  at  the  suggestion  of  Miss  Dorothea  Dix,  was  appointed  by  Pres- 
ident Fillmore  to  superintend  the  construction  and  management  of  St. 
Elizabeth  Asylum,  Washington.  For  many  years  was  President  of 
Association  of  Amer.  Superintendents  of  Insane  Asylums  ;  Honorary 
member  British  Med. -Psychol.  Association.  See  Atkinson's  Phys.  and 
Surg.,  1878,  p.  693  ;  Appleton's  Biog.,  1888,  IV,  p.  512;  Med.  Record, 
N.  Y.,  1889,  XXXVI,  p.  687;  Amer.  Jour.  Insanity,  1888-9  ;  XLV,  p.  446. 

PROBABLY  BETWEEN  JULY,  1856  AND  JANUARY,  1857 

137.  JOHN  EDWARD  WILLETT— Born  June  23,  1834,  Rockville, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1855,  Georgetown.  "Demonstrator  Anatomy,  Georgetown 
Med.  School.  Was  ill  with  some  mental  disease  from  1863  till  his  death, 
Jan.  21,  1887. 

138.  WILLIAM  HENRY  BERRY— Born  Dec.  3,  1827,  D.  C.  A.  M., 
1847,  Princeton;  M.  D.,  1850,  Univ.  Maryland.  Died  Feb.  19,  1859.  Son 
of  Philip  T.  Berry  and  Mary  Ann  Haw,  daughter  of  John  S.  Haw.  His 
grandparents  were  Wm.  and  Martha  Berry,  of  Prince  George  Co.,  Md. 
He  was  educated  in  Georgetown.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Grafton 
Tyler,  supra.  After  graduation,  spent  some  time  in  European  hospitals; 
afterwards  practiced  in  Washington.  Was  Physician  to  Washington 
Asylum.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Feb.  21,  1859;  Trans.  A.  M.  A., 
i860,  XIII,  p.  814. 

[Berry  and  Lincoln  were  nominated  Jan.  7,   1856.] 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  255 

139.  JOHN  F.  KING— Probably  A.  B.,  1852,  Georgetown;  M.  D., 
1855,  Jefferson.     Died  March  25,  1873. 

140.  NATHAN  SMITH  LINCOLN— Born  April  3,  1828,  Gardner, 
Mass,  A.  B.,  1850;  A.  M.,  1853,  Dartmouth;  M.  D.,  1852,  Univ.  Mary- 
land. Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  Surgeon,  D.  C.  Vols.  President, 
1892-3,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  Oct.  14,  1898.  His  great-grandfather. 
Gen.  Jonathan  Chase,  drew  up  the  articles  of  surrender  for  Burgoyne's 
army  at  Saratoga,  and  Gen.  Benj.  Lincoln  received  the  sword  of  Corn- 
wallis  at  the  Yorktown  surrender.  His  grandfather.  Dr.  Nathan  Smith, 
founded  the  medical  schools  of  Yale  and  Dartmouth.  Dr.  Lincoln's  pa- 
rents were  Rev.  Increase  Turner  and  Eliza  Smith  Lincoln.  He  studied 
medicine  with  his  uncle.  Dr.  Nathan  Ryno  Smith,  of  Baltimore.  After 
graduation  he  practiced  in  Baltimore  till  Jan.  i,  1854,  when  he  removed 
to  Washington.  In  1857  was  elected  Prof,  of  Chemistry,  Columbian  Med. 
College,  and  afterwards  filled  the  chairs  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, Anatomy  and  Physiology,  and  Surgery,  holding  the  latter  place  till 
1874,  when  he  resigned.  In  1861  was  appointed  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon, 
in  charge  of  the  Quartermaster's  Hospital,  Washington.  Member  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Association  ;  Amer.  Assn.  Advance.  Sci.;  Phil- 
osophical Society  of  Washington  ;  Vice  President  Ninth  Internat.  Med. 
Congress,  1887;  President  Alumni  Association,  Univ.  Maryland;  Surgeon 
to  Providence  Hospital,  Washington,  1866  to  1875;  Consulting  Surgeon, 
Garfield  and  Children's  Hospitals.  Married  first,  Mrs.  Margaret  E.  Rid- 
gate,  of  Washington;  next,  Mrs.  Nannie  Smith,  of  Baltimore;  and  third, 
Jeanie  Thomas,  daughter  of  Judge  George  Gould,  of  Troy,  N.  Y.  See 
Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  19  and  Nov.  2,  1898;  Trans.  Med.  Soc,  III, 
for  1898,  p.  142;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  220  ;  Stone's  Biog., 
1894,  p.  651  ;  National  Med.  Rev.,  1898-9,  VIII,  pp.  372,  414  ;  Med.  Rec- 
ord, N.  Y.,  189S,  LIV,  p.  594. 

141.  JOSEPH  MEREDITH  TONER— Born  April  30,  1825.  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  M.  D.,  1850,  Vermont  Acad.  Med.  Sci.;  1853,  Jefferson;  A.  M. 
1867,  Ph.  D.,  1889,  Georgetown.  President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1886-7. 
President,  1874,  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  Honorary  member  M.  C.  F.,  Mary- 
land, 1878.  Died  at  Cresson  Springs,  Pa.,  July  30,  1896.  Educated  at 
Western  University  and  Mt.  St.  Mary's  College,  Md.  Practiced  success- 
ively at  Summit  and  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Harper's  Ferry,  Va.,  and  in  Nov., 
1855,  removed  to  Washington.  Member  Amer.  Public  Health  Associa- 
tion, its  President  in  1874 ;  one  of  the  Vice  Presidents  Internat.  Med. 
Congress,  Philadelphia,  1876 ;  honorary  member  New  York  and  Cali- 
fornia State  Med.  Societies,  and  Boston  Gynecological  Society.  Vice 
President  and  Registrar  Internat.  Med.  Congress  at  Washington  in  1887. 
Founder  of  Providence  Hospital  and  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum,  Washing- 


256  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

ton,  to  which  he  was  Visiting  Physician  ;  and  from  1856  was  Attending 
Physician  to  St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum.  In  consideration  of  the  per- 
ishable character  of  much  of  the  early  medical  literature  of  this  country 
Dr.  Toner  devised  a  scheme  for  a  repository  of  medical  works  that  should 
be  under  the  control  of  the  medical  profession  of  the  United  States  and 
located  at  the  National  Capital.  His  resolution  on  this  subject  was 
adopted  by  the  Amer.  Med.  Association  in  1868,  and  resiilted  in  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  library  of  that  organization.  The  collection  was  placed 
in  the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  reached  the  number  of  several  thou- 
sand volumes,  including  pamphlets.  In  187 1  he  founded  the  Toner  lec- 
tures by  placing  113,000,  afterwards  increased  to  nearly  double  that  amount, 
in  the  hands  of  trustees  charged  with  the  duty  of  annually  procuring  two 
lectures  containing  new  facts  valuable  to  medical  science  ;  the  interest 
on  the  fund,  save  ten  per  cent.,  which  was  added  to  the  permanent  fund, 
was  paid  to  the  authors  of  the  essays.  These  lectures  were  included  in 
the  regular  list  of  publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  It  was 
the  first  attempt  in  this  country  to  endow  a  course  of  lectures  on  such 
conditions.  Dr.  Toner  devoted  much  time  and  research  to  early  medical 
literature,  collected  over  a  thousand  treatises  published  before  1800,  and, 
besides  publishing  numerous  monographs,  had  in  preparation  a  Biograph- 
ical Dictionary  of  Deceased  American  Physicians,  of  which  more  than 
four  thousand  sketches  were  completed.  He  was  an  authority  on  the 
medical,  biographical  and  local  history  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  He 
devised  a  s^'stem  of  symbols  of  geographical  localities  which  was  adopted 
by  the  United  States  Post  Office  Department.  Member  of  numerous 
medical,  historical  and  philosophical  associations,  and  published  more 
than  fifty  papers  and  monographs  upon  subjects  of  interest  to  the  med- 
ical profession.  In  1874  he  placed  a  gold  medal,  struck  at  the  United 
States  Mint  and  bearing  his  likeness,  at  the  disposal  of  the  Faculty  of 
Jefferson  Med.  College  to  be  awarded  annually  to  the  student  producing 
the  best  thesis  based  upon  original  research.  In  the  same  year  he  estab- 
lished a  medal  to  be  granted  annually  by  the  Faculty  of  the  University 
of  Georgetown,  D.  C,  to  the  student  who  should  collect  and  name  the 
greatest  number  of  specimens  in  any  department  of  the  natural  sciences. 
In  1882  he  gave  his  entire  library,  including  manuscripts,  to  the  United 
States  Government ;  it  consisted  of  28,000  books  and  18,000  pamphlets. 
Author  of  Address  before  the  Rocky  Mountain  Med.  Association, 
Washington,  1877 ;  Med.  Register,  Washington,  1867  ;  Anniversary 
Oration,  Washington,  1869 ;  Contributions  to  Annals  of  Med.  Progress, 
Washington,  1874;  Dictionary  of  Elevations,  etc.,  New  York,  1874; 
Medical  Men  of  the  Revolution,  Philadelphia,  1876 ;  Notes  on  the  Burn- 
ing of  Theaters,  Washington,  1876.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  14 
and  21,  1896;  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  166;  Northwestern  Med.  and 
Surg.  Jour.,  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  1872-3,  III,  p.  247  ;  Appleton's  Biog.,  1889, 


HENRY   MERRILL   JEWETT 


1903 


ADOLPHUS  BOGARDUS  BENNETT, J" 


66 


1 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  257 

VI,  p.  132;  National  Med.  Review,  1896-7,  VI,  p.  159;  Stone's  Biog., 
1894,  p.  513;  Trans.  75th  Anniv.  Med.  Society,  D.  C,  1894,  p.  22;  George- 
town University,  II,  p.  58;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals  Maryland,  1903,  p.  598. 

142.  TOBIAS  PURRINGTON— Born  March  19,  1801,  Windham,  Me. 
M.  D.,  1826,  Bowdoin.  Died  May  3,  1880.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
May  4,  1880. 

1-43.  JOHNSON  VAN  DYKE  MIDDLETON— Born  Dec.  15,  1834, 
D.  C.  M.  D.,  1855,  Georgetown.  Asst.  Surg.,  Surgeon  and  Deputy 
Surgeon  General,  U.  S.  A.  Retired  Dec.  15,  1898.  Died  in  D.  C,  Jan. 
29,  1907.  Served  at  Washington  Arsenal  till  May,  1862,  then  with  Army 
of  Potomac  in  the  field  till  Nov.,  1S62,  and  was  then  detailed  for  duty  in 
the  oflBce  of  the  Medical  Director,  Department  of  Washington,  where  he 
remained  till  the  close  of  the  Civil  War.  In  November,  1867,  was  ordered 
to  Texas,  and  served  there  at  various  places  till  June,  1870,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  Baton  Rouge,  La.;  remained  there  till  May,  1873  ;  then  to 
Forts  Buford  and  Lincoln,  Dakota,  till  June,  1S77,  serving  with  Gen. 
Terry  in  October  and  November,  1876,  in  an  Indian  campaign  ;  then  to 
Forts  Schuyler  and  Wadsworth,  N.  Y.  Harbor,  till  June,  18S1  ;  then  at 
Forts  Hays  and  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  till  November,  1886;  then  to  David's 
Island  and  Fort  Columbus,  N.  Y.  Harbor,  as  Acting  Med.  Director,  Dept. 
of  the  East.  To  the  Pacific  coast  in  1S92,  Med.  Director  and  Chief  Sur- 
geon of  the  Department.  After  his  retirement  he  resumed  his  residence 
in  Washington.     See  Brown's  History,  p.  295;  Powell's  History,  p.  481. 

PROBABLY  BETWEEN  JANUARY   AND  JULY,   1857 

144.  LEWIS  ALLISON  EDWARDS— [He  attended  a  meeting  June 
4,  1857.]  Born  Sept.  29,  1823,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  1842,  Princeton  ;  M.  D., 
1S45,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1846-61  ;  Surgeon,  1861-76, 
and  Med.  Director,  U.  S.  A.,  1876-7.  Chief  Medical  Officer,  Bureau  of 
Refugees,  Freedmen  and  Abandoned  Lands.  Died  Nov.  8,  1877,  of  pro- 
gressive softening  of  the  brain.  Immediately  after  appointment  as  Assist- 
ant Surgeon  he  joined  the  army  of  invasion  and  occupation,  and  served 
with  honor  during  the  Mexican  War.  Was  then  stationed  at  Santa  Fe, 
N.  M.,  till  September,  1850;  at  Fort  Washington,  Md.,  till  July,  1852  ; 
and  at  Fort  Towson,  Ark.,  till  May,  1854,  when  he  was  ordered  to  duty 
in  the  Surgeon  General's  Office.  He  remained  in  Washington,  attached 
to  the  Bureau,  and  as  Attending  Surgeon  for  officers'  families,  until  Aug- 
ust, 1862,  when  he  took  charge  of  the  General  Hospital  at  Portsmouth 
Grove,  R.  I.  In  December,  1863,  he  went  to  Wilmington,  Del.,  as  a 
member  of  the  Army  Retiring  Board;  returned  to  the  Portsmouth  Grove 
Hospital  in  May,   1864,  and  in  December,   1864,  to  January,  1866,  was 

17 


258  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

again  on  the  Retiring  Board.  Was  next  stationed  at  Baltimore.  Md.,  as 
medical  oflScer  of  the  recruiting  station,  till  August,  1866,  when  he  was 
appointed  chief  medical  officer  of  the  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen  and 
Abandoned  Lands.  In  March,  1869,  became  Medical  Director,  Depart- 
ment of  Louisiana,  and  in  April,  1S70,  Department  of  Texas.  In  Octo- 
ber, 1872,  transferred  to  Madison  Barracks,  New  York,  as  Post  Surgeon, 
and  in  April,  1875,  went  on  sick  leave,  which  continued  till  his  death. 
Was  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel  and  Colonel  by  brevet,  to  date  from 
March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the  Civil 
War.  See  Brown's  History,  pp.  288,  293;  Powell's  History,  p.  298;  Trans. 
A.  M.  A.,  1879,  XXX,  p.  817. 

PROBABLY  JULY,  ISol,  TO  JANUARY,  1858 

145.  JOHN  C.  GRAYSON— [Grayson  attended  the  meeting,  July  13, 
1857.]  Born  in  Kentucky.  M.  D.,  1854,  Med.  Col.  Va.  Removed  from 
D.  C.  about  1863.  Was  at  Stevensburgh,  Va.,  1890-7,  and  died  there 
about  1897. 

146.  CHARLES  GIRARD— [Girard  attended  the  meeting  January  4, 
1858.]  Born  March  9,  1822,  Miilhousen,  France.  M.  D.,  1856,  George- 
town. Removed  from  D.  C,  i860.  Died  Jan.  29,  1895.  Was  educated 
in  Neuchatel,  Switzerland,  where  he  was  the  pupil  and  assistant  of 
Agassiz.  Came  with  Agassiz  to  the  United  States,  in  1847,  remaining 
with  him  until  1850.  Then  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C,  and  became 
attached  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  In  1852  was  naturalized  as  an 
American  citizen.  After  graduating  in  medicine  remained  in  Smithso- 
nian Institution  until  1859,  and  for  some  time  was  engaged  with  Prof. 
Spencer  F.  Baird,  in  the  investigation  of  reptiles.  His  many  publications 
were  on  Natural  History  ;  and  in  connection  with  collaborative  work 
with  Prof.  Baird,  of  the  Smithsonian,  and  the  outcome  of  several  ex- 
ploring expeditions.  See  Drake's  Biog.,  1872,  p.  363  ;  Bull.  No.  41, 
1891,   U.  S.  National  Museum;  Appletons's  Biog.,  1887,  II,  p.  659. 

ABOUT   JANUARY    30,    1858 

147.  WILLIAM  ALFRED  BRADLEY— Born  Aug.  3,  1831,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1854,  Columbian.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1861-9.  Died  Feb.  27, 
1869,  at  Point  San  Jos^,  Cal.  Was  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to 
December,  1862  ;  on  hospital  duty,  Washington,  to  February,  1864  ;  in 
office  of  Medical  Director,  Department  of  Washington,  to  June,  1869; 
at  Point  San  Jose,  Cal.,  until  his  death.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
March  3,  1869;  Brown's  History,  p.  295;  Powell's  History,  p.  207;  Trans. 
A.  M.  A.,  1870,  XXI,  p.  494. 

[Bradley,  Culver,  Hellen,  Keasbey,  Newman  and  Storrow  attended  the 
meeting  Jan.  30,  1858.  Taylor  must  have  been  certified  after  January  iSth, 
and  Butt  and  Maury  after  Jan.  27,  1858.] 


DISTRICT     OF     COI.UMBIA  259 

148.  FREDERICK  BURR  CULVER— Born  1809,  Frederick,  Ohio. 
M.  D.,  1857,  Louisville  Med.  College.  Dropped  from  membership,  1878. 
Died  in  D.  C,  June  12,  1879.     Sometime  Physician  to  an  Indian  Agency. 

149.  BENJAMIN  JOHNSON  HELLEN— Born  March  20,  1830,  D.  C. 
A.  B.,  1850;  A.  M.,  1854;  M.  D.,  1854,  Columbian.  Died  of  tuberculosis, 
July  2,  1864.  Soon  after  graduation  in  medicine  he  became  Resident 
Physician  at  Washington  Infirmary.  Several  years  afterwards  was  Phy- 
sician to  Providence  Hospital.  Descendant  from  the  Johnson  family  of 
Maryland.  See  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1872,  XXIII,  p.  575;  Minutes  Med.  So- 
ciety, July  4,  1864. 

150.  JOHN  BRICK  KEASBEY— Born  August  5,  1833,  Salem,  N.  J. 
M.  D.,  1854,  Univ.  Penna.  Surgeon,  2d  D.  C,  Vols.  Removed  from  D. 
C,  1871,  to  Woodbury,  N.  J.,  where  he  died  Aug.  25,  1886. 

151.  WILLIAM  GEORGE  HENRY  NEWMAN— Bom  March  17, 
1827,  Princess  Anne,  Md.  M.  D.,  1849,  Univ.  Md.  Father  of  Dr.  H. 
M.  Newman,  infra.  Died  Nov.  6,  1883.  Descended  from  an  old  Mary- 
land family  that  emigrated  from  England  and  settled  in  the  State  as 
early  as  1650.  Educated  at  Washington  College,  Baltimore,  and  Jefifer- 
son  College,  Washington  Co.,  Pa.  Read  medicine  with  Prof.  N.  R. 
Smith,  of  Baltimore.  Practiced  for  some  years  in  Georgetown,  then  re- 
turned to  Washington.  Was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  city  Council  ; 
at  the  time  of  his  death  the  Physician-in-Chief  to  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asy- 
lum. For  many  years  one  of  the  Surgeons  to  the  D.  C.  police  ;  for  some 
years  one  of  the  staff  of  Providence  Hospital  ;  member  of  the  old  Board 
of  Health  of  the  city  ;  for  some  years  on  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  the 
Washington  Asylum  ;  member  Med.  Assn.  D.  C,  and  Amer.  Med.  Assn. 
Married  Mary  Rider,  of  Somerset  Co.,  Md.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
Nov.  7,  1883  ;  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  1883,  I,  p.  603. 

152.  vSAMUEL  APPLETON  STORROW— Born  in  Virginia.  M.  D., 
1852,  Jefferson.  Asst.  Surg,  and  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  July  12,  1879. 
See  Brown's  History,  p.  295;  Powell's  History,  p.  612. 

153.  WILLIAM  HENRY  TAYLOR— Born  Jan.  26,  1834,  Pottsville, 
Pa.  M.  D.,  1856,  Columbian.  Sometime  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Co- 
lumbian. President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  Sept.  5,  1889.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  vSept.  7,  1889. 

154.  WILLIAM  BEALE  BUTT— Born  July  19,  1827,  Mechanicsburg, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1850,  Columbian.  Died  of  paralysis,  June  28,  1877.  Son 
of  Richard  and  grandson  of  Proverb  Butt,  of  Maryland.  His  mother  was 
Sarah  Ann  Richards,  daughter  of  Samuel  Richards,  Sr.,  of  Port  Tobacco, 


260  MEDIC  AI^    SOCIETY 

Md.  He  attended  the  public  schools,  McLeod's  School  and  Rittenhouse 
Academy,  Georgetown.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Thomas  Miller, 
supra.  Resident  Student,  Washington  Infirmar)'.  Practiced  medicine  in 
Washington.  Member  Amer.  Med.  Association.  Married,  May  8,  1862, 
Margaret  Elizabeth  AUyn,  daughter  of  Lucius  May  Allyn.  See  Trans. 
A.  M.  A.,  1880,  XXXI,  p.  1023. 

155.  THOMAS  FOYLES  MAURY— Born  August  16,  1835,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1856,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg,  and  Surgeon,  ist  Virginia  Regt., 
C.  S.  A.  Died  of  pulmonary  consumption,  Sept.  19,  1871,  at  Mt.  Holly 
Springs,  Pa.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  F.  May,  supra.  After  grad- 
uation, spent  a  year  and  a  half  at  the  hospitals  of  Paris  and  Vienna. 
April  27,  1861,  was  appointed  Asst.  Surg.,  ist  Virginia  Regiment,  with 
the  rank  of  Captain.  Was  engaged  in  the  first  battles  of  the  war,  near 
Manassas,  soon  after  which  he  was  promoted  to  Surgeon  and  appointed 
on  the  staff  of  General  Longstreet,  in  which  capacity  he  continued  until 
the  surrender  at  Appomattox  Court  House,  participating  in  nearly  all  the 
battles  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia.  While  on  duty  at  Greenville, 
Tenn.,  with  General  Longstreet's  Corps,  he  sustained  a  comminuted 
fracture  of  right  femur,  from  which  he  never  entirely  recovered.  He  re- 
turned to  Washington  after  the  close  of  the  war,  and  resumed  his  prac- 
tice, but  his  health  failing,  he  visited  Europe  in  1869,  to  recuperate;  after 
an  absence  of  six  months,  returned  much  improved,  and  continued  his 
practice  until  his  death.  Married  in  1859.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
Sept.  20,  1S71;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  XXIII,  1872,  p.  582. 

AFTER  FEBRUARY  6,   18SS 

156.  WILLIAM  PROBY  YOUNG,  Jr.— [He  attended  the  meeting 
July  5,  1858.]  Born  Jan.  19,  1834,  Portsmouth,  Va.  M.  D.,  1S55,  Jeffer- 
son. Asst.  Surg,  and  Surgeon,  4th  Georgia,  C.  S.  A.  Resigned  from  the 
Society  Jan.  20,  1881,  retiring  from  practice.  Educated  at  Rittenhouse 
Academy  and  Columbian  College.  Was  First  Asst.  Physician  Govt.  Hosp. 
Insane,  Oct.,  1855,  to  March,  1858.  Afterward  practiced  medicine  in 
Washington.  In  June,  i860,  as  agent  for  the  U.  S.  Government  and 
physician  for  the  American  Colonization  Society,  he  sailed  from  Key 
West  with  a  cargo  of  Africans  who  had  been  captured  from  slave  ships, 
and  delivered  twentj'  per  cent,  of  them  to  the  authorities  in  Cape  Mount, 
Liberia.  He  served  in  the  Confederate  army  from  1861  until  the  sur- 
render, in  1865,  the  command  being  in  the  field  during  the  entire  period 
and  participating  in  thirty-five  battles.  Was  captured  at  the  battle  of 
Sharpsburg,  Md.,  Sept.  17,  1862,  having  been  on  the  field  all  day  attend- 
ing the  wounded  of  both  armies.  About  a  week  after  the  fight  Dr.  John 
H.  Rauch,  of  General  Fitz  John  Porter's  staff,  placed  him  in  charge  of 


DISTRICT    OF    COI,UMBIA  26 1 

loo  Confederate  wounded  in  an  Episcopal  church  in  that  town,  and  gave 
him  eight  Union  soldiers  as  nurses.  He  returned  to  Washington  in  1865 
and  "  dropped  into  trade."  He  was  a  Director  of  the  Children's  Hospi- 
tal, and  for  fifteen  years  Secretary  of  the  Board.  Has  been  Secretar}'  of 
the  Game  and  Fish  Protective  Association  of  the  District  since  its  forma- 
tion, and  is  actively  interested  in  preventing  the  pollution  of  the  Potomac 
River  and  its  tributaries.  At  present  is  Secretary  of  Franklin  Fire  Insur- 
ance Co.,  Washington. 

AFTER   APRIL   "J,  1858 

157.  BENJAMIN  RHETT— Born  March  23,  1826,  Charleston,  S.  C. 
A.  B.,  1846,  and  M.  D.,  1848,  College  of  Charleston.  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A. 
Removed  from  D.  C,  about  1861,  to  Summerville,  S.  C,  where  he  died 
June  9,  1884.  Entered  the  Medical  Department,  C.  S.  A.,  in  the  fall  of 
1861;  served  for  a  few  weeks  with  Boyce's  Battery;  next  as  Surgeon  to 
the  Marine  Hospital,  Charleston  ;  then  as  Surgeon  in  Battery  Wagner, 
during  the  siege,  terminating  in  the  night  assault  of  the  i8th  of  July. 
Was  Surgeon  in  Fort  Sumter  during  the  siege,  under  Cols.  Rhett  and 
Elliott.  Surgeon  to  the  officers  of  the  U.  S.  Army  imprisoned  in  Charles- 
ton, in  the  Roper  and  Marine  Hospitals,  workhouse,  jail  and  O'Connor 
house.  Then  served  as  Surgeon  to  a  camp  of  6,000  Andersonville  prison- 
ers. Towards  the  close  of  the  war  was  Surgeon  to  the  Arsenal,  and  upon 
general  duty.  While  stationed  at  Charleston,  was  member  of  Board  of 
Medical  Examiners  for  sick  and  furloughed  soldiers.  He  was  in  active 
practice  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

AFTER  MAY  20,  18S8 

loS.  GEORGE  McCOY— [He  attended  the  meeting  July  5,  185S.] 
Born  1828,  Dublin,  Ireland.  M.  D.,  1857,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  Oct.  8,  1880.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  S, 
1880. 

FEBRUARY  5,   1859 

159.  THOMAS  ANTISELL— Born  Jan.  16,  1817,  DubKn,  Ireland.  A. 
B.,  Trinity  College,  Dublin;  Ph.  D.,  i88r,  Georgetown;  M.  D.,  1S39, 
Royal  College  Surgeons,  London,  and  Dublin  Lying-in  Hospital.  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Vols.;  Med.  Director,  12th  Army  Corps.  Absent  in  Japan 
from  1871  to  1876.  Died,  D.  C,  June  14,  1893.  [Son  of  Christopher  An- 
tisell,  of  Kings  County,  Ireland,  a  distinguished  barrister,  and  Queen's 
Counsel — his  ancestry  going  back  to  »Sir  Bertine  Entwyssel,  who  accom- 
panied Henry  II  to  Ireland — and  Margaret  Daly,  daughter  of  Surgeon  Daly, 
of  Dublin.]  Educated  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin;  studied  medicine  at 
Dublin  School  of  Medicine,  Peter  Street,  and  Irish  Apothecary's  Hall  ; 
pupil  and  afterwards  assistant  to  Sir  Robert  Kane,  from  1839  to  1843.    In 


262  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

1844  pursued  his  chemical  studies  in  Paris  and  Berlin,  under  Pelouze, 
Biot,  Dumas  and  Berzelius.  Practiced  medicine  in  Dublin  from  1845 
to  1848;  Lecturer  on  Chemistry  in  "Original  School  of  Medicine." 
Extra  professor  to  Royal  Dublin  Society,  1845-48.  Member  Royal  Col- 
lege of  Surgeons,  England,  Royal  Dublin  Society  and  Geological  Society 
of  Dublin.  As  one  of  the  "  Young  Ireland  Party,"  was  sentenced  to 
exile  and  imprisonment,  but  a  friend  procuring  for  him  a  position  as 
Surgeon  on  an  outgoing  vessel,  he  sailed  for  America.  Landed  at  New 
York  City,  Nov.  22,  1848.  Practiced  medicine  there  until  1854,  when  he 
became  Geologist  of  the  Pacific  R.  R.  Survey  on  the  thirty-second  par- 
allel, under  Lieut,  Parke,  Topographical  Engineer,  U.  S.  A.  Made  a 
geological  reconnaissance  of  Southern  California  and  Arizona  Territory, 
published  in  the  seventh  volume  of  U.  S.  Reports  of  Explorations  and 
Surveys,  1856.  In  1848  was  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  Berkshire  Med. 
College  and  in  1854  Professor  of  Chemistry  at  the  medical  colleges  at 
Woodstock,  Vt.,  and  Pittsfield,  Mass.  From  June  i,  1856,  to  Sept.  30, 
186 1,  was  Examiner  in  Chemistry  in  U.  S.  Patent  OflSce.  He  then  resigned, 
to  enter  the  army.  During  the  war,  1861-5,  was  Brigade  Surgeon;  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Volunteers;  Med.  Director,  12th  Army  Corps ;  Surgeon  in 
charge  Harewood  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  Surgeon  in  charge  of 
sick  and  wounded  officers  in  Washington,  D.  C;  President  of  Board  of 
Examiners  for  Surgeons  and  Assistant  Surgeons  of  Volunteers.  Brevetted 
Lieut.  Colonel  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war ;  and 
mustered  out  of  service  in  October,  1865.  From  1866  to  1871,  was  Chief 
Chemist  in  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Agriculture.  In  1869-70,  Professor  of  Chem- 
istry, Maryland  Agricultural  College.  In  1871,  at  the  invitation  of  the 
Japanese  Government,  he  became  technologist  of  a  government  commis- 
sion to  develop  the  resources  of  the  northern  islands  of  that  empire. 
Returned  to  the  United  States  in  1876.  While  in  Japan  he  was  offered 
the  position  of  President  of  the  College  of  Cairo,  Egypt,  which  he  de- 
clined. In  appreciation  of  his  valuable  services  to  Japan,  he  was  deco- 
rated by  the  Emperor  with  the  "Order  of  the  Rising  Sun  of  Meijii." 
While  on  the  ocean  en  route  to  Japan  the  opportunity  offered  to  become 
President  of  the  College,  Lancaster,  Pa.,  which  he  appreciated  and  would 
have  accepted,  but  had  already  contracted  with  the  Japanese  Government 
for  five  years.  May  10,  1877,  he  was  again  appointed  Examiner  in  the 
U.  S.  Patent  Office  and  held  the  position  until  July,  1890,  when,  his  health 
failing,  he  was  reduced  to  a  first-class  clerkship,  and  finally  removed, 
Sept.  30,  1891.  From  1855  to  1893,  excepting  the  interval  of  army  ser- 
vice and  while  in  Japan,  he  lived  in  Washington.  All  his  life  he  was  a 
medical  teacher,  his  specialty  being  analytical  and  technical  chemistry. 
Member  Med.  Association,  D.  C;  Philosophical  Society  of  Washington; 
corresponding  member  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  and 
Geographical  Society,  New  York  City;  Fellow  American  Assn.  Advance. 


DISTRICT    OF     COI.UMBIA  263 

Science.  Except  at  intervals,  was  connected  with  Georgetown  Med. 
College  for  many  years;  Prof.  Chemistry  and  Toxicology,  Military  Sur- 
gery, and  Physiology  and  Hygiene.  The  sanitary  investigation  of  the 
National  Hotel  and  the  ventilation  of  the  Capitol  were  public  interests 
that  were  benefited  by  his  scientific  knowledge.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Training  School  for  Nurses,  and  the  first  President  of  that 
school.  Author  of  Suggestions  towards  improvement  of  sanitary  condi- 
tion of  the  metropolis,  Dublin,  1847  ;  The  manufacture  of  photogenic  or 
hydrocarbon  oils,  N.  Y.,  1859.  Married  twice:  Eliza  Anne  Nowlan,  of 
Dublin,  in  1841;  Marion  Stuart  Forsyth,  of  Detroit,  daughter  of  Paymas- 
ter Forsyth,  U.  S.  A.,  in  1854.  See  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p. 
16;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  June  15,  1893;  Bull.  Philos.  Soc,  Washing- 
ton, XIII,  1896,  pp.  367-434;  Year  Book  Department  of  Agriculture, 
1899,  p.  238;  Annual  Report  Smithsonian  Institution,  1904,  pp.  453  and 
690;  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  1893,  XXI,  p.  93;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  80. 

JULY   4.   1859 

160.  JOHN  Iv.  GIBBONS— Born,  Jefferson  Co.,  Va.,  between  1790 
and  1800.  M.  D.,  1841,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  Md.  Licen- 
tiate M.  C.  F.,  Maryland.  Practiced  at  Pikesville,  Md.,  many  years, 
then  in  Baltimore  a  short  time,  then  in  Washington,  D.  C.  Left  Wash- 
ington in  1862.  W^as  delegate  to  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  in  1847.  Was  also  a 
minister  in  the  M.  E.  Church.  Died  about  1870  (?).  See  Cordell's  Med. 
Annals  Maryland,  1903,  p.  408. 

JULY  12,  1859 

161.  WEBSTER  LINDSLY— Born  Oct.  6,  1835,  D.  C.  Son  of  Dr. 
Harvey  Lindsly,  supra.  M.  D.,  1857,  Harvard.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A. 
Died  Aug.  8,  1866.  His  mother  was  Emeline  Webster  Lindsly.  He 
studied  medicine  with  his  father.  After  graduation  he  spent  two  years 
in  study  in  Europe.  Practiced  some  time  in  Washington.  In  August, 
1859,  took  back  to  Africa  a  shipload  of  Africans  captured  from  slavers. 
See  Brown's  History,  p.  295  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Aug.  8,  1866. 

162.  REUBEN  CLEARY— Born  April  27,  1835,  Alexandria,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1859;  A.  M.,  i860,  Georgetown.  Asst.  Adjt.  General,  C.  S.  A. 
Soon  after  the  close  of  the  war  of  186 1-5  he  removed  to  Brazil,  where  he 
was  employed  as  civil  engineer  building  a  railroad  ;  afterward  practiced 
medicine  at  Lages  and  Rio  Janeiro.  About  1890  was  appointed  Sanitary 
Inspector  in  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital  Service  at  Rio  Janeiro  and  held  this 
position  until  his  death,  Feb.  12,  1898.  Married  March  12,  1870,  Wilhel- 
mina  Schmitt. 


264  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

163.  FRANCIS  W.  MEAD— Bom  Sept.  23,  1838,  N.  Y.  City.  M.  D., 
1858,  Georgetown.  Surg.,  2d  D.  C.  Vols.;  Surg.,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S.  Dropped 
from  membership,  1S73. 

AFTER    APRIL  3,  I860 

164.  JOHN  W.  DAVIvS— Born  Aug.  8,  1825,  Lenoir  Co.,  N.  C.  M.  D., 
1847,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg.,  6th  and  24th  Indiana,  and  First  Lieut., 
20th  Ind.  Vols.  After  graduation  practiced  a  short  time  at  Seven  Springs, 
Wayne  Co.,  N.  C,  then  removed  to  Goldsboro.  Was  in  D.  C.  in  i860, 
but  remained  only  a  short  time.  Returned  to  North  Carolina,  locating 
again  at  Goldsboro,  where  he  died  Jan.  23,  1869. 

165.  RICHARD  C.  CROGGON— [Croggon  attended  the  meetings. 
May  9  and  July  i,  i860.]  Born  July  15,  1839,  Charles  Co.,  Md.  M.  D., 
i860,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  Sept.  23,  1872. 
Came  to  Washington  at  an  early  age  ;  was  sometime  clerk  in  drug  store. 
Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Joseph  Borrows,  supra.  Practiced  in  Wash- 
ington. During  the  Civil  War  served  as  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon  in  military 
hospitals,  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Sept.  24,  1872;  Trans. 
A.  M.  A.,  1873,  XXIV,  p.  340. 

166.  PHILIP  CHAPMAN  DAVIS— Born  in  Virginia.  M.  D.,  1856, 
Columbian.  Asst.  Surg,  and  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  Oct.  2,  1871,  at  Ft. 
Benton,  Montana.  See  Brown's  History,  pp.  289,  295;  Powell's  History, 
P-  275- 

AFTER   MAY   16.   I860 

167.  FRANCIS  C.  CHRISTIE— Born  in  New  York.  M.  D.,  1859, 
Georgetown.  Died  between  i860  and  1870.  [Christie  attended  the  meet- 
ing Aug.  6,  1S60.] 

[Since  July  i,  i860,  the  Society  has  required  that  an  applicant  for 
membership  should  make  formal  application  and  be  regularly  elected.] 

JANUARY   5,   1861 

168.  JOHN  GEORGE  FREDERICK  HOLSTON— Born,  1809,  Ham- 
burg, Germany.  A.  M.,  Washington  and  Jefferson  College,  Pa.;  M.  D., 
1846,  Cleveland.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Vols.;.  Actg.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  of 
paralysis.  May  i,  1874.  His  father  and  grandfather  were  physicians;  the 
son  came  to  America  at  an  early  age;  landed  at  New  Orleans,  La.;  was 
among  the  planters  about  a  year.  Then  visited  the  East  Indies,  China, 
and  other  countries.  Returning,  he  landed  at  Philadelphia  during  the 
cholera  epidemic,  and  served  as  nurse  in  hospital.  Finalh'  became  a 
student  at  the  Washington  and  Jefferson  College.     After  graduation  in 


67 


68 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  265 

medicine  he  practiced  in  Ohio  until  he  removed  to  Washington.  In  1857 
became  Prof.  Surgery,  Columbian  Med.  College.  In  the  war,  1861-5,  he 
served  in  the  U.  S.  Vols.;  was  sometime  Medical  Director  on  the  staff  of 
Gen.  U.  S.  Grant.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Zanesville, 
Ohio  ;  afterwards  returned  to  Washington  and  became  Prof.  Anatomy, 
Georgetown  Med.  College,  1870-2  ;  in  the  latter  year  was  paralyzed.  He 
left  a  son  of  the  same  name,  practicing  at  Zanesville.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  May  2,  1874;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1875,  XXVI,  p.  454. 

JANUARY   "3,  1861 

169.  HOAR  BROWSE  TRIST— Born  Feb.  20,  1832,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1857,  Jefferson.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N.;  Brigade  Surg.,  C.  S.  A.  Removed 
to  Baltimore,  Md.  Died  April  5,  1896,  in  Washington.  [Son  of  Hon. 
N.  P.  Trist  and  Virginia  Randolph  Trist ;  she  was  a  granddaughter  of 
Thomas  Jefferson.]  Educated  in  Europe.  After  serving  in  the  Navy  he 
settled  in  Washington  until  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War.  In  1874-5 
was  Prof.  Anatomy,  Washington  Med.  College,  Baltimore.  Member 
Amer.  Med.  Association,  and  Pathological  Society,  of  Baltimore.  Mar- 
ried, 1861,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  W.  R.  Waring,  of  Savannah,  Ga.  See 
Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  421. 

ABOUT  JULY,   1802 

170.  JOHN  W.  D.  STETTINIUS— Born,  1826,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1848, 
Columbian.  Died  July  20,  1S63.  [Stettinius  appears  to  have  joined 
about  the  date  named;  he  attended  a  meeting  Aug.  20,  1862.] 

FEBRUARY  1,  1864 

171.  FRANCIS  P.  RICHARDS— Born  in  Virginia.  M.  D.,  1863, 
Georgetown.  Son  of  Dr.  John  Richards,  supra.  Said  to  have  died  in 
Washington;  apparently  before  1867. 

172.  ANDREW  JACKSON  BORLAND— Born  Nov.  19,  1825,  York, 
Pa.  M.  D.,  1861,  Columbian.  Dropped  from  membership,  1877,  Died 
Dec.  5,  1880. 

173.  HENRY  HARRISON  LOWRIE— Born  July  9,  1841,  Newport, 
Ky.     M.  D.,  1863,  Georgetown.     Removed,  1874,  to  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

174.  HENRY  ELISHA  WOODBURY— Born  Jan.  i,  1827,  Barrington, 
N.  H.  M.  D.,  1863,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  vSurg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1864-5. 
Dropped  from  membership,  1877.  Died  in  Washington,  Jan.  15,  1905,  of 
chronic  bronchitis.     Came  of  Revolutionary  stock.     Educated  at  Dart- 


266  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

mouth  College.  For  some  years  was  employed  in  the  Treasury  Dept., 
Washington.  Practiced  medicine  in  Washington,  1865  to  1882,  in  which 
year  he  had  a  severe  accident,  from  which  he  never  fully  recovered. 

175.  JOSIAH  ADAMS  CHAMBERLIN— Born  March,  1833,  Acton, 
Mass.  M.  D.,  1863,  Georgetown.  Father  of  Dr.  F.  T.  Chamberlin, 
infra.  Surgeon  of  the  Treasury  Guard  and  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A. 
Died  Sept.  27,  1868,  Manchester,  N.  H.  His  mother  was  Abigail  Adams. 
He  was  educated  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  and  Appleton  Academy.  At 
first  practiced  dentistry  in  Manchester;  then  removed  to  Washington 
and  graduated  in  medicine.  Soon  afterward  returned  to  Manchester. 
Married,  Aug.  13,  1862,  Georgette,  daughter  of  Franklin  Tenney,  of  Man- 
chester; she  was  a  descendant  of  Dr.  Isaac  Watts. 

176.  GEORGE  PHILIP  FENWICK— Born  April  26,  1838,  D.  C. 
M.  D..  1859,  Columbian,  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  June  14, 
1905.  Grandson  of  Philip,  son  of  John  Fenwick,  of  southern  Maryland. 
Educated  at  Gonzaga  College,  Washington.  Was  sometime  connected 
with  the  Washington  Infirmary  ;  served  for  some  months  in  Armory 
Square  INIilitary  Hospital,  Washington.  Practiced  in  south  Washington; 
served  on  Board  of  Health,  1861-1871;  member  Med.  Association,  D.  C; 
Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecol.  Society.  In  1866,  married  Miss  Mary  Agnes 
Stewart,  of  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  July  3,  1905;  Wash. 
Med.  Annals,  September,  1905,  p.  264. 

177.  WARWICK  EVANS— Born  Sept.  15,  1828,  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
M.  D.,  1852,  Georgetown.  Was  sometime  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
afterwards  Prof.  Anatomy  at  Georgetown  Med.  College  Practiced  in 
Washington.  Hon.  President  Alumni  Society,  Georgetown  Med.  Col- 
lege. 

178.  ARMISTEAD  PETER— Born  Feb.  22,  1840,  Montgomery  Co., 
Md.  M.  D.,  1861,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  of 
angina  pectoris,  Jan.  28,  1902.  His  ancestors  were  owners  of  much  real 
estate  in  Georgetown,  Md.  Son  of  Major  George  Peter,  U.  S.  Army, 
and  member  of  Congress  from  Maryland.  Educated  by  private  tutor  and 
at  Carnahan's  Academy.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Joshua  Riley,  supra; 
after  graduation,  practiced  in  Georgetown.  Had  a  defect  in  his  speech 
and  hearing.  During  the  Civil  War  he  served  in  the  Seminary  (military) 
Hospital,  Georgetown.  For  many  years  was  a  member  of  Board  of 
Health,  Georgetown;  Physician  to  Smallpox  Hospital  in  1866.  In  1861, 
married  Miss  Martha  C.  Kennon,  daughter  of  Commodore  Beverly  Ken- 
non.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  January  29  and  Feb.  5  and  18,  1902; 
Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  430;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  March 
1902,  p.  68. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  267 

179.  CHARLES  MASON  FORD— Born  May  15,  1840,  near  Troy,  N. 
Y.  M.  D.,  1861,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Acting 
Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N.  Died  Feb.  15,  1884,  of  rheumatic  fever.  Studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Alfred  Watkins,  of  Troy.  After  graduation  he  served 
nine  months  in  the  Navy;  was  on  the  "Huntsville,"  one  of  the  blockading 
fleet.  Soon  after  resigning  he  came  to  Washington,  and  served  in  Cliff- 
bourne  Hospital  and  at  the  old  Capitol  prison.  Afterwards  practiced 
medicine  in  Washington  ;  for  several  years  was  Visiting  Physician  to 
Washington  Asylum  Hospital  ;  was  on  the  staff  of  Providence  Hospital 
and  Surgeon  to  B.  and  O.  R.  R.  and  Wash,  and  Fredericksburg  R.  R. 
See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Feb.  16,  1884;  Maryland  Med.  Jour.,  1883-4, 
X,  pp.  763  and  835;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  191. 

MARCH   7,  1864 

ISO.  JOSEPH  THEOPHILUS  HOWARD— Born  July  7,  1832,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1859,  Georgetown.  Father  of  Dr.  J.  T.  D.  Howard,  infra,  and 
Dr.  Arcturus  L.  Howard.  Educated  in  Henshaw's  School  and  at  Rezin 
Beck's  Academy.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Eliot  Craig.  Since  gradu- 
ation has  practiced  in  Washington.  In  1S61  was  Physician  to  the  Poor. 
Member  Med.  Association,  D.  C,  and  Amer.  Med.  Association.  Married 
Miss  Elizabeth  M.  Davidson,  of  Salem,  N.  J, 

181.  CHARLES  ALLEN— Born  July  6,  1836,  Portsmouth,  Va.  M.  D., 
1861,  Georgetown.  Dropped  from  membership,  1877.  Died  of  paraly- 
sis, Dec.  24,  1908,  in  Washington,  D.  C.  Came  to  Washington  in  1853  ; 
was  sometime  clerk  at  U.  S.  Arsenal.  After  graduation  in  medicine 
practiced  in  Washington.  Was  sometime  Ward  Physician  and  also  con- 
ducted a  drug  store.  Compiled  a  hymn  book  for  use  in  Baptist  Church. 
Married. 

182.  JAMES  EWINGS  DEXTER— Born,  1822,  Groton,  N.  Y.  M.  D., 
1861,  Univ.  City  of  New  York.  Principal  of  Collegiate  Institute,  Roch- 
ester, N.  Y.  Surgeon,  40th  N.  Y.  Vols.;  Med.  Inspector,  3d  Army  Corps. 
Secretary  Board  of  Health,  Washington,  1869;  Commissioner  to  Phila- 
delphia Exposition,  1876.  Acting  Asst.  Surg,,  U.  S.  A.  Dropped  from 
membership,  1877.     Died  June  17,  1902. 

APRIL    5,    1864 

183.  GEORGE  N.  HOPKINS— Born  in  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1863,  Colum- 
bian. Dropped  from  membership,  1873.  Sometime  druggist  in  Wash- 
ington. 


268  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

184.  ADOLPHUS  PATZE— Born  April  4,  1804,  Stettin,  Prussia.  M. 
D.,  1838,  Univ.  Berlin.  Surgeon,  4th  Pennsylvania  Reserves.  Removed 
to  Soldiers'  Home,  Hampton,  Va.,  where  he  died  Oct.  24,  1886.  Author 
of  Ueber  Bordelle,  etc.,  Leipzig,  1845;  translated  :  The  moral  depravity  of 
mankind,  1873.     See  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  159. 

185.  WILLIAM  HERBERT  COMBS— Born  Aug.  4,  1841,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1862,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  May  16,  1873. 
See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  17,  1873. 

[Leonard  Baum  paid  $5  April  16,  1864,  and  there  is  no  record  on  the 

Treasurer's  books  of  its  having  been  returned  to  him.     But  there  is  no 

record  of  his  nomination  or  election,  nor  even  of  his  being  granted  a 

license.] 

JULY   4,  1864 

186.  THOMAS  CROGGON  SMITH— Born  Aug.  16,  1842,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1S64,  Georgetown.  Educated  in  public  schools  and  Gonzaga  College, 
Washington.  Since  graduation  in  medicine  has  practiced  in  Washing- 
ton. Corresponding  Secretary  of  Med.  Societj'  over  twenty  years ; 
President  Obstet.  and  Gynecolog.  Society,  1S97-9  ;  Consulting  Obstet- 
rician, Freedmen's  Hospital.  A  son,  Dr.  Hugh  M.  Smith,  is  Deputy 
Commissioner  Bureau  of  Fisheries.    See  Lamb's  History,  p.  134. 

187.  JOSEPH  FORD  THOMPSON— Brother  of  Dr.  Benedict  Thomp- 
son, in/ra.  Born  March  20,  1837,  St.  Mary's  Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1857, 
Univ.  Maryland.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  President,  1881-2,  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C.  Son  of  Charles  and  Ann  Eliza  Yates  Thompson;  of  Scotch- 
Irish  descent.  Educated  in  public  and  private  schools  in  St.  INIarys 
Co.,  and  Rittenhouse  Academy,  Washington.  After  graduation  in  med- 
icine he  began  practice  in  Washington  in  partnership  with  Dr.  M.  V.  B. 
Bogan,  supra.  During  the  Civil  War,  served  in  the  military  hos- 
pitals of  Washington.  Was  Prof.  Anatomy,  Columbian  Med.  College; 
afterwards  Prof.  Surgery,  serving  in  the  latter  chair  over  twenty  years. 
Surgeon  to  Providence  Hospital,  Emergency  Hospital,  Columbia  Hospi- 
tal for  Women,  Children's  Hospital,  George  Washington  Univ.  Hospital 
and  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer. 
Med.  Assn.;  Amer.  Surg.  Assn.  Retired  from  practice  in  1907.  In  i860, 
married  Marion  Virginia  Grieves,  of  Washington.  See  Univ.  Maryland, 
1907,  II,  p.  327;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  671. 

188.  LOUIS  WARFIELD  RITCHIE— Son  of  Dr.  Joshua  A.  Ritchie, 
supra.  Born  March  4,  1843,  D.  C.  Studied  medicine  with  his  father. 
M.  D.,  1S63,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  served  at  An- 
tietam.  Attending  Physician  at  Fort  Myer,  Va.  Dropped  from  mem- 
bership, 1879.     Died  of  Bright's  disease,  Sept.  9,  1901. 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  269 

1K9.  SETH  JEWETT  TODD— Born  Aug.  3,  1842,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1862, 
Columbian.  [His  name  does  not  appear  in  the  Columbian  Catalogue.] 
Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  March  13,  1874.  His  father  was  a 
prominent  citizen  of  Washington  ;  his  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Dr. 
George  M.  Dove,  supra.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  J.  Waring,  supra, 
and  spent  some  time  in  the  hospitals  of  Philadelphia  and  Paris  before 
graduation.  Was  sometime  a  member  of  the  Auxiliary  Faculty  of  Co- 
lumbian Med.  College;  member  and  Secretary  Clinico-Pathological  Soci- 
ety of  Washington.  His  health  failed  and  he  retired  from  practice  ; 
became  Secretar)'  of  Arlington  Fire  Insurance  Co.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  March  14,  1874;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1874,  XXV,  p.  525. 

190.  ALBERT  FREEMAN  AFRICANUS  KING— Born  Jan.  18,  1841, 
at  Hamlet  of  Blackthorn,  Oxfordshire,  England.  M.  D.,  1861,  Colum- 
bian; 1865,  Univ.  Penna.;  A.  M.,  1883;  LL.  D.,  1904,  Univ.  Vt.  Acting 
Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  ;  President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1903-4.  Son  of  Ed- 
ward and  Louisa  Freeman  King.  Educated  at  Maley's  school  and  the 
Bicester  Diocesan  school  in  England.  Served  for  three  months  in  1864  as 
Acting  Asst.  Surgeon.  Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and 
Children,  Med.  Dept.,  Columbian  Univ.,  for  37  years;  holds  the  same 
chair  in  the  Univ.  of  Vt.  ;  President  Washington  Obstet.  and  Gynecol. 
Soc,  1885-7;  Fellow  British  Gynecol,  and  Amer.  Gynecol.  Socs.;  Con- 
sulting Physician  Children's  Hospital,  Washington;  Obstetrician,  Co- 
lumbian Univ.  Hospital ;  member  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences  ;  Fellow  A.  A. 
A.  S.  ;  Associate  Member  Philosoph.  Soc.  of  Great  Britain  ;  member 
Med.,  Philosoph.,  Anthropol.  and  Biol.  Societies  of  Washington,  etc. 
Author  of  a  manual  of  obstetrics,  twelve  editions  ;  Ligation  and  manage- 
ment of  the  umbilical  cord,  Washington,  1867.  Married,  Oct.  17,  1894, 
Ellen  Amory  Dexter,  of  Boston,  Mass.  See  Who's  Who  in  America; 
Amer.  Men  of  Science,  1906;  Amer.  Biog.  Director}',  Washington,  1908. 

191.  JOHN  S.  CHAPMAN— Born,  1826,  in  Maryland.  M.  D.,  1847, 
Univ.  Maryland.  Licentiate  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland.  Resided  in  Baltimore, 
then  removed  to  Washington.  Died  July  15,  1871,  Plainfield,  N.  J.  See 
Cordell's  Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  1903,  p.  347. 

192.  SAMUEL  WILLIAM  BOGAN— Born  Oct.  15,  1840,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
i860,  Columbian.  Brother  of  Dr.  M.  V.  B.  Bogan,  supra.  Father  of  Dr. 
Fred  M.  Bogan,  U.  S.  Navy.     Dropped  from  membership,  1881. 

OCTOBER  3,  1864 

193.  JOSEPH  WELLS  HERBERT— Born  Oct.  3,  1837,  St.  Marys 
Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1859,  Georgetown.  Died  Oct.  21,  1903.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  Oct.  21  and  Nov.  4,  1903;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  November, 
1903.  P-  352. 


270  MEDIC  AI.    SOCIETY 

104.  GEORGE  SYLVESTER— Born  in  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1863,  George- 
town, Served  as  Contract  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.  Kept  a 
drug  store  many  years.  Dropped  from  membership,  1872.  Died  about 
1879. 

195.  RALPH  WALSH— Born  Nov.  4,  1841,  Harford  Co.,  Md.  M.  D., 
1863,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Father  of  Dr.  F.  C. 
Walsh,  infra.  Co-editor,  afterwards  editor  of  Walsh's  Retrospect, 
1880-2.  Son  of  John  C.  and  Sarah  A.  Lee  Walsh,  of  Irish-American 
descent.  Educated  in  private  and  academic  schools  in  Maryland  and 
Pennsylvania.  Was  on  duty  as  Medical  Officer  at  Gettysburg  after  the 
battle;  returned  to  Washington  and  served  in  military  hospitals  here, 
especially  the  Carver  and  Armory  Square.  Was.  Prof.  Physiology,  in 
1873,  Georgetown  Med.  College.  Retired  from  practice  in  1901  and  be- 
came President  of  National  Vaccine  and  Antitoxin  Company.  Married 
Jeanie  Patterson,  of  Mississippi.  Dr.  Walsh  says  :  "  I  may  mention  that 
during  this  period  [1865]  I  was  also  placed  in  immediate  charge  of  the 
Army  Medical  Museum,  then  located  on  H  Street,  between  Thirteenth 
and  Fourteenth.  Said  Museum,  when  I  assumed  charge,  consisted  of 
two  large  rooms  filled  with  empty  cases,  a  back  building  in  which  was 
stored  a  number  of  dry  and  moist  specimens  in  barrels  and  alcohol,  to  be 
mounted  by  Mr.  Schafhirt,  who  was  employed  for  that  purpose.  There 
was  also  a  mass  of  written  histories,  numbered  to  correspond  with  the 
specimens.  Under  my  supervision  the  specimens  were  mounted,  num- 
bered and  placed  in  the  cases,  and  the  histories  condensed  and  recorded. 
In  other  words,  I  think  I  can  make  a  just  claim,  though  I  have  never 
heretofore  done  so,  to  have  started  the  Army  Medical  Museum.  I  men- 
tion as  a  possibly  interesting  fact,  that  most  of  the  alcohol  used  for  the 
preservation  of  the  moist  specimens  was  procured  by  distillation  of  con- 
traband liquors  seized  on  the  Long  Bridge.  These  liquors  ran  from  beer 
and  blackberry  wine  to  straight  alcohol,  and  were  packed  in  many  pecu- 
liar vessels.  Frequently  women  were  arrested  with  belts  under  their 
skirts,  to  which  were  attached  tin  sectional  cans  holding  from  a  quart  to 
a  gallon,  and,  in  a  number  of  cases,  false  breasts,  each  holding  a  quart 
or  more."     See  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  83. 

196.  WILLIAM  ELDER  ROBERTS— Son  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Roberts,  supra. 
Born  Aug.  9,  1839,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1864,  Bellevue.  Acting  Asst.  Surg., 
U.  S.  A.  Served  at  Lincoln  Hospital,  Washington.  Did  an  enterorrhaphy, 
Jul}',  1865,  thirteen  days  after  incised  wound  of  colon;  patient  died  one 
week  afterwards.  Married  Rebecca  Worthington  Naylor,  daughter  of 
Col.  Naylor.  Served  on  staff  of  Providence  Hospital,  D.  C,  many  years. 
Died  April  13,  1892.     See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  April  15,  1892. 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  27 1 

NOVEMBER  15,  1864 

197.  GEORGE  L.  RICE— Born  May  8,  1838,  North  Adams,  Mass. 
M.  D.,  1863,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Removed  to 
Framingham,  Mass.,  about  1874;  afterwards  to  North  Adams.  Member 
of  Cassius  M.  Clay's  Battalion  from  the  inauguration  of  Lincoln  until  the 
arrival  of  troops,  about  April  20,  1861 ;  guarded  the  President,  Navy  Yard, 
Long  Bridge,  etc.  Med.  Cadet,  U.  S.  A.,  April  to  October,  1863;  after- 
ward 1st  Asst.  Surg.,  2d  Tenn.  Heavy  Artillery,  at  Columbus,  Ky.,  till 
May,  1864.     Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  1865,  Savannah,  Ga. 

198.  CHARLES  A.  RAHTER— Born  Aug.  8,  1839,  near  Minden, 
Westphalia,  Prussia,  M.  D.,  1S64,  Long  Island  College  Hospital.  Acting 
Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  and  Staff  Surg.,  Franco-Prussian  War.  Removed 
to  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  about  June,  1865,  and  is  still  practicing  there.  Pres- 
ident, 1876,  Dauphin  Co.  Med.  Soc,  Penna.  Educated  at  public  schools 
and  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg.  After  graduation  in  medicine 
served  in  the  Civil  War  till  June,  1865;  served  also  during  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War,  1 870-1,  in  the  military  hospital  at  Coblentz,  and  the  barrack 
hospital  at  St.  Johann-Saarbruecken.  In  1873,  received  from  the  Ger- 
man Emperor  a  medal  for  service.  Member  Penna.  State  Med.  Society. 
For  five  years  was  Examining  Surgeon  of  Pensions.  Married,  Nov.  ir, 
1875,  Mary  R.,  daughter  of  P.  B.  Keffer,  Esq.,  of  Harrisburg.  See  At- 
kinson's Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  348;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  668;  Wat- 
son's P.  and  S.,  1896,  p.  658. 

DECEHBER  12,   1864 

199.  JOHN  WELLS  BULKLEY— Born  Dec.  12,  1824,  Williamstown, 
Mass.     M.  D.,  1844,  Berkshire.     President,  1887-8,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C. 

200.  DANIEL  WEBSTER  PRENTISS— Born  May  21,  1843,  I>-  C. 
B.  Ph.,  1861;  A.  M.,  1864,  Columbian;  M.  D.,  1864,  Univ.  Penna.;  Acting 
Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  President,  1899-1900,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Father 
of  Drs.  D.  W.  and  E.  C.  Prentiss,  infra.  Died  Nov.  10,  1899.  Son  of 
Wm.  Henry  Prentiss  and  Sarah  Cooper  (daughter  of  Isaac  Cooper)  Pren- 
tiss, of  Washington  ;  grandson  of  Caleb  Prentiss,  of  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Educated  at  public  schools  and  Columbian  College.  After  graduation  in 
medicine  practiced  in  Washington.  Prof.  Materia  Med.  and  Therapeu- 
tics, 1879-1899,  Columbian  Med.  School;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C; 
Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecol.  Society;  Philosophical,  Biological  and  An- 
thropological Societies  of  Washington;  Amer.  Med.  Association;  Amer. 
Assn.  Adv.  Sci. ;  Assn.  Amer.  Physicians;  delegate  to  International  Med. 
Congress,  1884,  at  Copenhagen,  and,  1890,  at  Berlin.  Delivered  many 
lectures  under  various  auspices,  more  especially  of  the  U.  S.  National 


272  MEDXCAI,    SOCIETY 

Museum.  Member  Board  of  Health  of  Washington,  1864;  Lecturer  on 
Dietetics,  etc..  Nurse's  Training  School,  Dean  of  Faculty,  1878-1883  ; 
Trustee,  1880-4;  President  of  the  Board,  1884.  Physician,  Eye  and  Ear 
Service,  Columbia  Dispensary,  1874-8;  Visiting  Physician,  Providence 
Hospital,  1882;  Commissioner  of  Pharmacy,  D.  C,  President  from  1888. 
Married  Emilie  A.  Schmidt,  Oct.  12,  1864,  daughter  of  Frederick 
Schmidt,  of  Rhenish  Bavaria.  Author  of  Clinical  history  of  croupous 
pneumonia,  Washington,  1879;  Revision  of  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  Wash- 
ington, 1880;  Coues  and  Prentiss,  Avifauna,  Washington,  1883.  See 
Minutes  Med.  Society,  Nov.  22,  1899;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878, 
p.  305  ;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1899,  IV,  p.  185;  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1899- 

1900,  IX,  p.  542;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  412. 

201.  JAMES  THOMAS  YOUNG— Born  June  2,  1839,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1864,  Bellevue.      President,   1889-90,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.      Died  July  3, 

1901.  After  graduation  in  medicine  served  as  Interne  for  two  years  at 
Bellevue  Hospital,  N.  Y.,  then  returned  to  Washington  and  practiced. 
One  of  the  founders  of  Clinico-Pathological  Society;  Lecturer,  1888,  on 
Diseases  of  Heart  and  Lungs,  Columbian  Med.  School.  Sometime  At- 
tending Physician  Providence  Hospital  and  Columbia  Hosp.  for  Women. 
In  1870,  married  Miss  Helen  Miller,  at  Constableville,  Lewis  Co.,  N.  Y. 
See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  2,  1901;  Trans.  Med.  Soc,  1901,  VI, 
p.  228. 

202.  HORACE  PECHIN  MIDDLETON— Born  Nov.  i,  1839,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1863,  Univ.  Penna.  Died  of  organic  heart  disease,  Oct.  27,  1867. 
Son  of  Daniel  Wesley  Middleton,  Clerk  of  U.  S.  Supreme  Court,  and 
Henrietta,  daughter  of  Col.  Wm.  Pechin,  of  Baltimore,  Md.  Educated 
at  Columbian  College.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  J.  Waring,  stipra. 
Sometime  Resident  Physician  Episcopal  Hospital,  Philadelphia  ;  after- 
ward practiced  in  Washington.  One  of  the  founders  of  Clinico-Patho- 
logical Society,  Washington.  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  Children,  Colum- 
bian Med.  School.  Member  Med.  .Association,  D.  C.  See  Minutes  Med, 
Society,  Oct.  29,  1867;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  XIX,  1868,  p.  434. 

JANUARY  23,  1865 

203.  PATRICK  CROGHAN— Born  in  Ireland.  M.  D.,  1859,  Queen's 
College,  Cork.  L.  S.  A.,  Ireland,  and  Lying-in  Hospital,  Dublin.  Act- 
ing Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  suddenly,  March  r?8,  1874.  Sometime 
Surgeon  in  English  merchant  service.  Came  to  America  in  1859.  Dur- 
ing the  Civil  War,  186 1-5,  served  first  as  enlisted  man,  afterwards  as 
medical  officer.  Practiced  medicine  in  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  March  30,  1874;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1874,  XXV,  p.  526. 


69 


70 


DISTRICT    OF    COI,UMBIA  273 

FEBRUARY   8,  186S 

204.  WILLIAM  HARRISON  TRIPLETT— Born  Sept.  15,  1836,  Mt. 
Jackson,  Va.  M.  D.,  1859,  Jefferson.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A. 
Died  March  27,  1890,  at  Woodstock,  Va.  Author  of  Life,  Washington, 
1878;  The  laws  and  mechanics  of  circulation,  etc.,  N.  Y.,  1885.  Came 
from  a  family  of  physicians.  Paternally  descended  from  Col.  Triplett, 
of  Middleburg,  Va.,  and  of  Revolutionary  fame;  maternally  from  Dr.  J. 
Irwin,  a  refugee  of  the  Irish  Rebellion  of  1798.  Grandson  of  Dr.  W.  H. 
Triplett,  of  Front  Royal,  Va.;  son  of  Dr.  L.  Triplett,  of  Mt.  Jackson,  Va.; 
brother  of  Drs.  J.  J.  and  A.  V.  M.  Triplett.  After  graduation  in  medi- 
cine he  practiced  one  year  at  Harrisonburg,  Va. ;  then  at  Woodstock, 
Va.,  whence,  in  1873,  he  removed  to  Washington.  His  specialty  was 
surgery.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Prof.  Anatomy,  1875,  Georgetown 
Med.  College.  Married,  June  i,  1867,  Kathleen  McKay.  See  Atkinson's 
Biog.,  1878,  p.  113;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  April  2,  1890. 

APRIL   5,  I8G0 

205.  JAMES  PHILLIPS— Born  in  England.  M.  D.,  1854,  College  of 
Surgeons,  London  ;  1858,  Univ.  Mexico.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N. 
Dropped  from  membership,  1872.  Removed  to  N.  Y.  City  about  1874  ; 
was  there  in  1906. 

206.  CHARLES  McCORMACK— Born  Feb.  19,  1841,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1861,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  in  Georgetown, 
D.  C,  July  30,  1868,  of  tuberculosis.  [Son  of  Wm.  J.  and  Eveline  B. 
(Martin)  McCormack,  of  Washington.  He  was  for  eighteen  years  Post- 
master of  the  House  of  Representatives.]  Educated  at  Washington 
Seminary.  In  1858  was  Resident  Student,  Washington  A.sylum.  After 
graduation  in  medicine  practiced  in  Washington.  During  the  Civil  War, 
1861-5,  he  served  in  the  field  and  hospital  as  medical  officer,  and  in 
June,  1863,  assisted  Dr.  Thos.  Antisell,  supra,  as  Attending  Surgeon  of 
sick  and  wounded  officers.  At  the  close  of  the  war  resumed  practice. 
Sometime  Physician  to  the  Poor  ;  member  Board  of  Health,  Georgetown  ; 
member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Married,  in  February,  1866,  Miss  M.  L., 
daughter  of  James  C.  and  Anna  Balch  Wilson,  of  Georgetown.  See 
Minutes  Med.  Society,  Aug.  i,  1868;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  XXI,  1870,  p.  481, 

APRIL  12,  1865  . 

207.  JOHN  HARRY  THOMPSON— Born  about  1828,  London,  Eng- 
land. M.  D.,  1858,  College  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y.  City.  Surg.,  U.  S. 
Vols.;  Surg.,  139th  N.  Y.  Vols.  Father  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Thompson,  infra. 
Surgeon  in  charge,  Columbia  Hospital,  1865  to  1878;  Clinical  Prof.  Surg., 

18 


274  MEDIC  AI.    SOCIETY 

Dis.  Women,  and  Physiology  and  Hygiene,  Georgetown  Med.  College, 
1869-73.  Author  of  Report  of  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women,  etc., 
Washington,  1873.     Removed,  1878,  to  Rome,  Italy,  where  he  died. 

MAY  3,  1865 

208.  WILLIAM  LEE— Born  March  12,  1841,  Boston,  Mass.  M.  D., 
1863,  Col.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y.,  Acting  Med.  Cadet,  U.  S.  A.  Co-editor 
National  Med.  Journal,  1871-2.  Died  March  i,  1893.  Son  of  Wm. 
Barlow  and  Ann  (Whitman)  Lee  ;  descendant  of  John  Lee,  of  Agawam 
(Ipswich),  Mass.  (1634).  Educated  in  Boston.  In  1861,  was  Acting 
Med.  Cadet  in  military  hospital,  Washington;  in  1862,  Assistant  at  Govt. 
Hosp.  Insane,  Washington  ;  1863-5,  Interne  at  Bellevue  Hospital,  N.  Y. 
Afterwards  practiced  in  Washington.  Member  Clinico-Pathological  So- 
ciety; Amer.  Med.  Association,  its  Librarian  for  some  years;  Lecturer  on 
Microscopic  Anatomy,  1865-7,  Columbian  Med.  College,  and  Adjunct 
Prof.  Anatomy;  Prof.  Physiology,  1872-1893;  member  Board  of  Health, 
Washington,  1S71;  Visiting  Physician  for  some  years  to  Columbia  Hos- 
pital Dispensary  ;  Attending  Physician,  Central  Dispensary  and  Emer- 
gency Hospital.  Married.  Author  of  Report  on  the  disposition  of  night 
soil;  etc.,  Washington,  1870  ;  contributor  to  Billings'  National  Med. 
Dictionary.  See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  iii;  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
March  3,  1893  ;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  200;  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1893-4, 
II,  p.  20;  Bull.  Philosoph.  Society,  Washington,  1890,  XIII,  p.  405. 

209.  FRANCIS  ST.  CLAIR  BARBARIN— Born  Aug.  21,  1832,  New- 
port, R.  I.  M.  D.,  1856,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S,  A. 
Dropped  from  membership,  1874.  Died  March  29,  1900.  He  was  for 
many  years  an  officer  of  the  Corcoran  Art  Gallery,  Washington  ;  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  curator. 

210.  FLORENCE  O'DONOGHUE— Born,  1832,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1855, 
Univ.  Maryland.  Captain  and  Med.  Storekeeper,  U.  S.  A.  Died  June 
29,  1882.     See  Brown's  History,  p.  298;  Powell's  History,  p.  511. 

MAY  17,   1863 

211.  BROWER  GESNER— Born  in  New  York.  Attended,  1853-5, 
but  did  not  graduate,  at  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  New  York.  Asst.  Surg.,  38th 
New  York,  and  Surg.,  loth  New  York  Vols.;  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A. 
Not  known  what  became  of  him  after  1867. 

JULY   5,  1865 

212.  BODISCO  WILLIAMS— Born,  1840,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1863,  Colum- 
bian.  Asst.  Surg.,  C.  S.  A.  Died  Dec.  23,  1873.  Educated  in  George- 
town, D.  C.     Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Joshua  Riley,  supra.     After  the 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  275 

close  of  the  Civil  War,  practiced  in  Georgetown.     See  Minutes  Med.  So- 
ciety, Dec.  24,  1873;  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1S74,  XXV,  p.  525. 

AUGUST  16,  1865 

213.  SAMUEL  SUPER  BOND— Born  July  18,  1834,  Upper  Darby, 
Pa.  Hospital  Steward,  U.  S.  A.  M.  D.,  1865,  Georgetown.  Dropped 
from  membership,  1872;  reelected  the  same  year;  dropped  again  in  1881. 
Died  July  4,  1899. 

AUGUST  30,  1865 

2U.  JOHN  M.  DUNCAN  FRANCE— Born,  1842,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1865, 
Georgetown.  Removed  to  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  about  1874,  and  died  there. 
May  9,  1906. 

215.  RICHARD  M.  REYNOLDS— M.  D.,  1859,  Philadelphia  Coll. 
Med.  and  Surg.  Asst.  Surg.,  50th  N.  Y,  Engineers.  Removed  to  Kan- 
sas; was  at  Motor  in  1882,  Alton  in  1886,  Laton  in  1890-3.  Died  about 
1902. 

216.  FREDERICK  WOLFE— Born  in  Austria.  M.  D.,  1853,  Univ. 
Prag.     Is  said  to  have  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.     Died  before  1870. 

SEPTEMBER   13,  1865 

217.  H.  MARIUS  DUVALL— Born  in  Maryland.  M.  D.,  1848,  Univ. 
Penna.  Asst.  Surg,  and  Med.  Director,  U.  S.  Navy  ;  retired  in  1880. 
Died  Feb.  9,  1891.     See  Hamersly's  Officers  of  the  Navy,  1890,  p.  252. 

SEPTEMBER  27,  1865 

218.  JOSEPH  ALOYSIUS  MUDD— Born  Sept.  10,  1842,  Millwood, 
Mo.  M.  D.,  1864,  Univ.  Md.  Asst.  Surg.,  Provisional  Army,  C.  S.  A. 
Removed  to  St.  Charles,  Mo.,  about  1866,  thence  to  Hyattsville,  Md,, 
where  he  is  now  practicing. 

219.  JAMES  OTEY  HARRIS— Born  1840,  Alexandria,  D.  C.  Broth- 
er of  Dr.  Robert  Harris,  infra.  M.  D.,  1861,  Univ.  Penna.  Said  to  have 
served  in  C.  S.  A.  Dropped  from  membership,  1881.  Died  of  epilepsy, 
Dec.  9,  1882,  in  D.  C. 

220.  E.  V.  B.  BOSWELL— Born  May  31,  1839,  Montgomery  Co.,  Md. 
M.  D.,  1865,  Georgetown.  Was  also  a  druggist  in  Washington.  Died 
Dec.  9,  1878, 


276  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

221.  JOHN  KEARNEY  WALSH— Born  1845,  D.  C.  Son  of  Dr. 
Joseph  Walsh,  supra.  M.  D.,  1865,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg., 
U.  S.  Navy.  Removed  from  D.  C.  in  1883.  Asst.  Surg.,  Soldiers' 
Home,  Ft.  Leavenworth,  Kansas.  Dropped  from  membership,  1SS3. 
Died  Jan.  14,  1894,  D.  C. 

OCTOBER  4,  1865 

222.  CHARLES  HENRY  BOWEN— Born  May  30,  1838,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1862,  Columbian.  Med.  Cadet  and  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Army. 
Dropped  from  membership,  1895  ;  reelected,  April  i,  1896.  Died  March 
12,  1901,  at  Fortress  Monroe,  Va.  Son  of  James  G.  Bowen.  Educated 
in  public  school.  Served  during  the  Civil  War  in  military  hospitals, 
Washington,  and  at  Fort  Stevens,  D.  C.  After  the  war  closed,  he  served 
on  the  frontier.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  20  and  27,  1901  ; 
Trans.  Med.  Society,  1901,  VI,  p.  113. 

223.  JAMES  ROSS  REILY— Born  March  23,  1835,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
M.  D.,  1859,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg.,  Pa.  Reserve  Corps;  Surg.,  127th 
and  179th  Pa.  Vols.;  Acting  Assist.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  on  duty  at  the  U.  S. 
A.  Arsenal,  Washington.  Dropped  from  membership,  1879.  Died  at 
College  Park,  Md.,  Oct.  12,  1904. 

224.  CARLOS  CARVALLO— Born,  Santiago,  Chili.  M.  D.,  1862, 
Univ.  Berlin.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  July  23,  1882,  Boston,  Mass. 
Author  of  Ten  days  in  Army  of  Potomac,  1864.  See  Brown's  History, 
p.  297;  Powell's  History,  p.  235. 

225.  ALEXANDER  MATTHEWS— Born  May  27,  1825,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1847,  Univ.  Maryland.  Removed  to  Oxford,  Md.  Died  Oct.  5,  1891. 
[Matthews  is  recorded  as  having  attended  the  meetings  Oct.  4,  1865,  and 
Jan.  17,  1866.  The  1867  list  gives  his  residence  as  51  Congress  Street, 
Georgetown.  The  1870  list  does  not  give  any  residence,  so  that  presum- 
ably he  had  already  removed  to  Oxford,  Md.  He  is  provisionally  placed 
here  as  elected  October  4th.] 

NOVEMBER  22,  1863 

226.  HENRY  ALFRED  ROBBINS— Born  Feb.  9,  1839,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  M.  D.,  1861,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Surgeon, 
National  Guard  of  France.  [Son  of  Zenas  C.  and  Mary  Byrd  Tylden 
Robbins,  of  Revolutionary  stock.]  His  parents  removed  to  Washington 
in  1844.  Educated  at  Betts  Academy,  Stamford,  Conn.,  Jones'  Academj-, 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  and  Norwich  University,  Vt.     Studied  medicine  with 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  277 

Dr.  W.  P.  Johnston,  supra.  Served  as  medical  oflScer  through  the  Civil 
War;  afterwards  practiced  in  Washington.  Examining  Surgeon  for  Pen- 
sions. Ward  Physician  two  years;  for  four  years  had  medical  charge  of 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Home.  Went  to  Paris  in  1870;  served  as  Surgeon 
(rank  of  Major)  in  the  National  Guard  of  France.  Afterwards  attended 
lectures  and  clinics  at  Guy's  Hospital,  London,  assisting  Prof.  Walter 
Moxon  ;  also  externe  to  London  Hospital  ;  attended  the  cancer  wards, 
Middlesex  Hospital.  Afterwards  attended  clinics  at  Charite  Hospital, 
Berlin,  and  AUgemeine  Krankenhaus,  Vienna.  Returned  to  Washington 
in  1883.  In  1884  was  President  Microscopical  Society,  Washington.  Had 
charge  for  several  years  of  Dermatological  and  Venereal  Clinic,  Central 
Dispensary  ;  Clinical  Professor,  Georgetown  Med.  School ;  afterwards 
Prof.  Dermatology  and  Syphilology,  Howard  Med.  School.  Member 
Med.  Association,  D.  C,  and  Amer.  Med.  Association;  Med.  Director, 
Army  Potomac,  G.  A.  R.;  President  of  Union  Soldiers'  Alliance,  1894. 
On  the  staff  of  Washington  Hosp.  Foundlings.  vSometime  President 
Therapeutic  Society,  Washington. 

DECEMBER  G,  186S 

227.  JOSEPH  SCHOLL— Born  March  12,  1823,  Carlsruhe,  Germany. 
M.  D.,  1850,  Tiibingen.  Sometime  Coroner  at  Newark,  N.  J.  Died 
June  6,  1902,  D.  C,  of  hemorrhage  from  gastric  ulcer.  Stiident  Surgeon 
in  the  war  between  Prussia  and  Denmark  in  1846;  in  Revolution  of  1S48, 
was  Provost  Marshal  of  small  town  in  Germany,  which  was  the  reason 
of  his  being  required  to  leave  his  native  country.  In  185 1,  came  to 
America,  and  located  for  a  short  time  in  Salem,  Mass.,  then  removed  to 
Newark,  N.  J.,  where  he  practiced  medicine  nine  years;  was  Coroner, 
and  with  others  established  the  first  free  hospital  in  that  city.  In  1861, 
came  to  Washington  ;  one  of  the  founders  and  incorporators  of  Central 
Dispensary.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  June  11,  1902  ;  Wash.  Med. 
Annals,  September,  1902,  p.  316. 

228.  DOCTOR  WILLARD  BLISS— Born  Aug.  18,  1825,  Brutus,  N.  Y. 
M.  D.,  1845,  Western  Reserve.  Surgeon,  3d  Mich.  Vols,  and  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  Vols.  Dropped  from  membership,  1873.  Died  Feb.  21,  1889.  Was 
named  after  Doctor  Willard,  of  N.  Y.  City.  Practiced  medicine  in  1846 
in  lona,  Mich.,  afterwards  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  In  1861-2  was  in  the 
field  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  afterwards  in  military  hospitals, 
Washington,  till  the  close  of  the  war  ;  built  and  conducted  Armory 
Square  Hospital.  Member  Board  of  Health,  Washington.  One  of  the 
physicians  who  attended  President  Garfield.  Exploited  for  a  time  the 
drug  Condurango  as  a  cure  for  cancer.     See  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  49. 


278  MEDICAI,     SOCIETY 

ABOUT  DECEMBER  18,  1865 

229.  WILLIAM  JOSEPH  CRAIGEN— [There  is  no  record  of  his 
election.  He  paid  the  required  fee  Dec.  18,  1865.]  Born  Sept.  17,  1837, 
Hampshire  Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1859,  Univ.  Penna.  Assistant  Surg.  2d  D. 
C,  Vols.  Removed  in  1868  to  Emporium,  Pa.,  thence  to  Cumberland, 
Md.,  in  1876,  and  to  Baltimore  in  1903.  Licentiate  M.  C.  F.,  Md.,  1892. 
Son  of  Jacob  S.  Craigen.  Was  Coroner  of  Cameron  Co.,  Pa.  ;  Pension 
Examiner  ;  Physician  to  Insane  Asylum,  Alms  House  and  Jail,  Alleghany 
Co.,  Md.  Vice  President  Tri-State  Med.  Assn.,  1899.  See  Cordell's 
Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  1903,  p.  365. 

JANUARY  3,  1866 

230.  MAURICE  TUCKER— Born  in  Penna.  M.  D.,  1862,  George- 
town.    Surgeon,  30th  U.  S.  C.  T.     Died  before  1882. 

JANUARY  24,  1866 

231.  GEORGE  LOWRIE  PANCOAST— Born  Dec.  9,  1838,  Burling- 
ton Co.,  N.  J.  M.  D.,  1859,  Jefferson.  Assistant  Surg.,  3d  Penna.  Re- 
serves. Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols.  Died  of  consumption,  Dec.  16,  1868.  Son  of 
Samuel  Abbott  and  Rachel  (Newbold)  Pancoast.  The  family  removed 
to  Hampshire  Co.,  Va.,  while  he  was  a  child.  Educated  at  Hallowell's 
School,  Alexandria,  Va.  Studied  medicine  with  his  uncle.  Dr.  Joseph 
Pancoast,  Prof.  Anatomy,  Jefferson  Med.  College,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
After  graduation  served  as  Physician  to  the  "  Saranack,"  sailing  be- 
tween Philadelphia  and  Liverpool.  Afterwards  practiced  in  Philadelphia 
until  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War.  Was  in  the  seven  days'  fight  of  the 
Peninsular  campaign  ;  Second  Bull  Run  campaign  ;  was  next  Med.  Di- 
rector Stoneman's  Cavalry  Corps.  In  February,  1864,  was  transferred  to 
Washington  and  given  charge  of  Finley  (Military)  Hospital.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  began  to  practice  in  Washington,  associated  with  Dr. 
W.  P.  Johnston,  supra.  His  health  failing,  he  spent  a  year  in  southern 
Europe.     Returned  in  1868.     See  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1872,  XXIII,  p.  578. 

FEBRUARY  4,  1866 

232.  CHARLES  TRAUTMANN— Born  in  Germany.  M.  D.,  1862, 
Univ.  Maryland.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols.  Said  to  have  removed,  about 
1867,  to  Baltimore,  and  thence  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  died.  Is  said 
to  have  been  the  father  of  Dr.  Barthold  Trautmann,  of  Philadelphia,  but 
to  a  letter  of  inquiry  to  the  latter  no  reply  was  received. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  279 

MARCH   14,   1866 

233.  EPHRAIM  CARLOS  MERRIAM— Born  Dec.  9,  1838,  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  M.  D.,  1863,  Dartmouth.  Med.  Cadet,  U.  S.  A.;  Asst.  Surg.,  40th 
Mass.  Vols.  Father  of  Dr.  A.  C.  Merriam,  infra.  Name  dropped  ;  re- 
elected Oct.  I,  1873.  Died  Nov.  27,  1895.  Son  of  Dr.  Marshall  and 
Sarah  (Shook)  Merriam.  Educated  at  Merrimack  and  at  Appleton 
Academy,  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  Amherst  and  Dartmouth.  In  1862,  was 
Medical  Cadet  at  Columbian  Military  Hospital,  Washington  ;  afterwards 
served  in  the  40th  Mass.  Vols.,  and  in  December,  1864,  was  transferred 
to  hospital,  Washington,  where  he  remained  on  duty  till  1866.  After- 
wards practiced  in  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Nov.  27, 
1895. 

234.  BEDFORD  BROWN— Born  Jan.  17,  1825,  Caswell  Co.,  N.  C. 
M.  D.,  1848,  Transylvania;  1853,  Jefferson.  Resided  in  Alexandria,  Va. 
Surgeon  and  Medical  Director,  C.  S.  A.  Was  also  an  honorary  mem- 
ber of  the  Society.  Died  at  Alexandria'  Sept.  13,  1897.  Son  of 
Bedford  Brown,  U.  S.  vSenator  from  North  Carolina.  After  graduating  in 
medicine  he  practiced  in  Yancey ville,  N.  C,  thence  removed  to  Alexan- 
dria, where  he  continued  to  practice.  Member  and  ex-President  Med. 
Society  of  Virginia;  of  Med.  Examining  Board  of  Virginia;  ex-President 
Southern  Surg,  and  Gynecol.  Association;  member  Pan-American  Med. 
Congress;  Amer.  Med.  Association.  See  Watson's  Biog.,  1896,  p.  447; 
Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  389;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  592. 

MARCH   21,  1866 

235.  OLIVER  A.  DAILEY— Born  in  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1855,  Georgetown. 
Resigned,  1877.     Died  Jan.  5,  1896,  at  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

236.  THOMAS  WASHINGTON  WISE— Son  of  John  Wise,  of  Wash- 
ington. Born  Feb.  22,  1846,  D.  C.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  E. 
Morgan,  supra.  M.  D.,  1866,  Georgetown.  Practiced  several  years  in 
Kentucky,  then  returned  to  Washington.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A., 
on  duty  in  the  Library  of  the  office  of  Surgeon  General.  Died  Feb.  17, 
1891.  See  Nat.  Med.  Rev.,  1892-3,  I,  p.  7;  Georgetown  University,  II, 
p.  192. 

MARCH   28,   1866 

237.  SAMUEL  A.  AMERY— Born,  1844,  Charles  Co.,  Md.  M.  D., 
1866,  Georgetown.  Removed  to  Quincy,  111.,  about  1869,  thence  to  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  about  1875.     Died  there,  August,  1881. 


280  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

APRIL  4,  1866 

23S.  ROBERT  MILLS  WHITEFOOT— Born,  1840,  in  Pennsylvania. 
M,  D.,  1866,  Georgetown.  Removed  to  Montana.  Surgeon  General  of 
Montana.  Health  Officer  of  Bozeman,  Mont.,  where  he  died,  July  25, 
1906.  • 

JULY  11,  1866 

239.  WILLIAM  BEVERLY  DRINKARD— Born  Dec.  7,  1842,  Wil- 
liamsburg, Va.  M.  R.  C.  S.,  1865,  Royal  College  Surgeons,  England  ; 
M.  D.,  1866.  Columbian.  Died  Feb.  13,  1877.  Son  of  Wm.  R.  Drinkard, 
Secretary  of  War  under  President  Buchanan,  and  Mary  Frances  Martin, 
daughter  of  Wm.  Beverly  Martin  ;  granddaughter  of  Dr.  Scott  Martin,  a 
Surgeon  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  The  family  moved  to  Washington 
in  1857.  He  was  educated  at  Young's  school.  In  May,  i860,  went  to 
Europe;  attended  the  Lyc^e  Imp^riale,  Orleans,  France.  Thence  went 
to  Paris  to  study  medicine;  assisted  the  famous  Desmarres  in  ophthal- 
mology; was  Hospital  Interne.  In  July,  1865,  went  to  London,  and  then 
returned  to  Washington  and  began  to  practice,  giving  especial  attention 
to  the  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear.  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  and,  in 
1872,  elected  Prof.  Anatomy,  Columbian  Med.  College.  One  of  the 
founders  of  Children's  Hospital,  and  Secretary  of  the  Medical  Board  ; 
Consulting  Physician,  Louise  Home;  Attending  Physician,  Washington 
Orphan  Asylum;  one  of  the  Consulting  Board,  Columbia  Hospital;  mem- 
ber Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  Amer.  Med.  Association  ;  Clinico-Path.  Society, 
Washington;  Washington  Med.  Journal  Club.  Was  the  first  physician 
in  Washington  who  practiced  ophthalmology  as  a  specialty.  His  pa- 
thetic death  is  graphically  described  by  Dr.  Busey.  See  Atkinson's 
Biog.,  1878,  p.  568;  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1878-9,  I,  p.  63;  Busey's  Remi- 
niscences, p.  183;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Feb.  14,  1877;  Trans.  A.  M.  A., 
1878,  XXIX,  p.  638. 

AUGUST  1, 1866 

240.  ADAJAH  BEHREND— Born  July  i,  1841,  Hanover,  Germany. 
Hospital  Steward,  U.  S.  Army.  M.  D.,  1866,  Georgetown.  Dropped 
from  membership  1873.  Reelected  April  4,  1894.  Father  of  Dr.  E.  B. 
Behrend,  infra. 

AUGUST  15,  1866 

241.  LLEWELLYN  ADELBERT  BUCK— Born  Aug.  17,  1840,  Buck- 
field,  Me.  Hospital  Steward,  U.  S.  Army.  Served  in  the  Civil  War, 
1861-5.  M.  D.,  1866,  Georgetown.  Removed  in  1870  to  Augusta,  Kan- 
sas, in  1876,  to  Peabody,  Kansas.  President,  1888,  Kansas  Med.  Society. 
Local  Surgeon,  Rock  Island  R.  R.  Died  Dec.  13,  1906,  at  El  Reno. 
Okla.     See  Jour.,  Kansas  Med.  Society,  Feb.,  1907,  p.  691. 


71 


72 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  28 1 

OCTOBER  11,  1866 

242.  FREDERICK  WILLIAMS  RITTER— Born  Aug.  6,  1843,  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1866,  Univ.  Penna.  Dropped  from  membership, 
1873.  LL.B.  and  LL.M.,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.  Was  Med.  Cadet,  U.  vS. 
A.,  in  1865.  After  graduation  in  medicine  practiced  in  Washington 
until  1874,  since  which  he  has  practiced  law. 

243.  THOMAS  EMORY— Born  Dec.  11,  1841,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Son 
of  General  Wm.  A.  and  Matilda  Emory.  M.  D.,  1862,  Richmond  Med. 
Coll.  Asst.  Surg.,  C.  S.  Navy.  Removed  in  1870,  to  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
retired  from  practice  and  went  into  business.  Died  Aug.  31,  190S,  near 
Annapolis,  Md.  , 

244.  LEMUEL  JAMES  DRAPER— Born  May  14,  1834,  Milford,  Del. 
M.  D.,  1854,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Asst.  Surg.,  U. 
S.  Navy.  Dropped  from  membership,  1877.  Died  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
Aug.  31,  1879.  vSon  of  Samuel  and  Anna  T.  Draper.  Educated  at  the 
Milford  Academy.  Served  in  the  Navy  in  the  early  part  of  the  Civil 
War.  After  the  war  closed  he  practiced  in  Washington  and  was  Examin- 
ing Surgeon  for  Pensions,  member  Med.  Assn. ,D.C.,  and  Amer.  Med.  Assn. 
In  July,  1879,  was  ordered  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  to  St.  Louis,  to 
serve  on  an  examining  board,  and  died  while  there.  Was  married  twice; 
first,  to  Mary  Ellen  Mudd,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Ellen  Taylor  Mudd, 
Oct.  18,  i860  ;  second,  in  Feb.,  1870,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Owen,  daughter  of 
Andrew  Balmain  and  Amy  E.  Denham.  See  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1880, 
XXXI,  p.  1037. 

DECEMBER  12,   1866 

245.  JOHN  LEWIS  CROUSE— Born,  1833,  Maryland.  M.  D.,  1859, 
Univ.  Maryland.  Asst.  Surg.,  ii8th  Pa.  Vols.  Dropped  from  member- 
ship, 1872.     Died  June  30,  1889,  at  St.  Elizabeth  Asylum,  D.  C. 

JANUARY   16,   1867 

246.  WASHINGTON  KILMER— M.  D.,  i860,  Albany  Med.  Coll. 
Surgeon,  i6tli  W.  Va.  Vols.  Removed  to  Orlando,  Florida  ;  was  there 
1S90-6. 

247.  ROBERT  REYBURN— Born  Aug.  i,  1833,  Glasgow,  Scotland. 
M.  D.,  1856,  Philadelphia  Coll.  Med.  and  Surg.  ;  A,  M.,  1871,  Howard. 
Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  1862-3,  and  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1867;  Asst.  Surg., 
1863,  and  Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols.,  1863-7.  Chief  Med.  Officer,  Freedmen's 
Bureau,  1871-2.  President  Board  of  Health,  Washington,  1870-1.  Re- 
signed from  Med.  Society  June  8,  1870  ;   reelected  Oct.   i,  1873.     Died 


252  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

March  25,  1909.  Son  of  James  and  Jane  (Brown)  Reyburn.  Was  brought 
by  his  widowed  mother  to  Philadelphia  in  1843.  Educated  in  public 
schools  of  that  city.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Lewis  D.  Harlan.  Prac- 
ticed in  Philadelphia  until  May  7,  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  Acting 
Asst.  Surgeon;  in  June,  1863,  was  commissioned.  Mustered  out  in  1867, 
as  Bvt.  Lieut.  Col.,  U.  S.  Vols.,  and  began  to  practice  in  Washington. 
Surgeon  in  charge  Freedmen's  Hospital,  1867-75;  Prof.  Clinical  Surgery, 
1866-7,  Georgetown  Med.  College  ;  Prof.  Surgery,  Howard  Med.  School, 
1868-73;  Prof.  Anatomy,  Georgetown  Med.  School,  1878;  Prof.  Physiol- 
ogy and  Clinical  Surgery,  Howard  Med.  School,  1880-1902,  and  Prevent- 
ive Medicine  and  Hygiene,  1902-9;  Dean  of  Howard  Med.  Faculty, 
1902-9.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Association,  its  Libra- 
rian in  1870;  President  Medico-Legal  Society,  Washington  ;  President 
Amer.  Therap.  Society;  Vice  President,  1891-2,  National  Microscop.  So- 
ciety ;  member  Microscop.,  Anthropolog.  and  Biolog.  Societies,  Wash- 
ington; Association  Amer.  Anatomists;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Providence 
and  Freedmen's  Hospitals;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  John's  Church  Orphan- 
age; member  Board  of  School  Trustees,  Washington,  1877-9  !  of  Board 
of  Council,  Georgetown,  1865.  One  of  the  Attending  Surgeons  to  Presi- 
dent Garfield,  1881.  Married,  1854,  Catherine  White.  Three  children 
are  physicians,  though  not  practicing — Drs.  Robert  Reyburn,  Jr.,  Ella 
Frances  Reyburn  and  Eugenia  Reyburn.  Author  of  Types  of  disease 
among  the  freed  people  of  the  United  States,  Washington,  1891;  Assassi- 
nation of  President  Garfield,  Washington,  1905;  Fifty  years  in  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine,  Washington,  1907.  See  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  422; 
Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  83;  Lamb's  History,  p.  109;  Brown's  Historj', 
p.  297;  Powell's  Historj-,  p.  550;  Who's  Who  in  America;  History  City 
Washington,  1903,  p.  437;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  1908. 

248.  WILLIAM  R.  RUSSELL— Born  July  21,  1836,  Wedmore,  Somer- 
setshire, England.  M.  D.,  i860.  Rush.  Practiced  medicine  in  Beloit, 
Wis.  Served  in  Civil  War,  1861-2.  Dropped  from  membership,  1879. 
Died  April  21,  1883. 

FEBRUARY  27,  1867 

24».  OTHO  MAGRUDER  MUNCASTER— Born  Oct.  12,  1843,  Balti- 
more, Md.  M.  D.,  1866,  Univ.  Md.  Dropped  from  membership,  1877. 
Reelected  Oct.  8,  1884. 

HARCH   20,  1867 

250.  JOHN  C.  NORRIS— Born  in  Kentucky.  M.  D.,  1863,  Univ. 
Penna.     Nothing  known  of  him  after  1868. 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  283 

251.  CHARLES  MORGAN  TREE— Born  July  17,   1845,   D.  C.     M. 

D.,  1867,  Georgetown.     Died  Dec.  4,  1881.     See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 

Dec.  5,  1881. 

MARCH  27,  1867 

252.  ALEXANDER  BARTON  McWILLIAMS— Born,  1827,  D.  C. 
Son  of  Dr.  A.  McWilliams,  supra.  M.  D.,  1846,  Columbian.  Dropped 
from  membership,  1872.  Was  many  years  Physician  to  the  U.  S.  Jail,  D. 
C.     Died  May  17,  1898.     See  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  132. 

APRIL  3,  ISO": 

253.  JOHN  E.  SMITH— Born  March  25,  1840,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1867, 
Georgetown.  Son  of  Col.  John  L.  Smith,  a  Washington  attorney.  Died 
in  N.  Y.  City,  Jan.  22,  1907. 

254.  AMOS    N.  WILLIAMSON— Born  near  Fayetteville,  N.  C,  1828. 

M.  D.,  1859,  Columbian.     Dropped  from  membership,  1879.     Died  Dec. 

22,  1884. 

APRIL  10,  186": 

255.  RUFUS  CHOATE— Born  Jan.  31,  1847,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1867, 
Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Army.  Dropped  from  member- 
ship. Was  Resident  Physician,  1865-6,  at  Washington  Asylum,  during 
an  epidemic  of  typhus  fever;  317  cases  of  the  disease  in  the  Asylum. 
Served  many  years  as  Medical  Officer  to  U.  S.  troops. 

APRIL  24,  1867 

256.  BENJAMIN  RALEIGH  RAINES— M.  D.,  1867,  Georgetown. 
Removed  about  1869,  to  St.  Derwin,  Neb.  ;  thence  to  Rockport,  Mo., 
about  1S70 ;  to  Corning,  Mo.,  in  1872;  thence  to  Stony  Creek,  Va. 
Member,  Missouri  Med.  Association. 

257.  EDWARD  DeWELDEN  BRENEMAN— Born  Aug.  14,  1839, 
Lancaster,  Pa.  M.  D,,  i86r,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg.,  30th  Pa.  Vols. 
Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Army.  Died  Oct.  11,  1870.  Son  of  Abraham  N.  and 
Mary  DeWelden  Breneman.  After  the  Civil  War  ended  he  resigned 
from  the  U.  S.  Army  and  practiced  in  Washington.  Is  said  to  have  been 
an  accomplished  linguist.  Married,  Sept.  27,  1866,  Marion  D.,  daughter 
of  Wm.  and  Huldah  Wilson,  of  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
Oct.  12,  1870;  Brown's  Hist.,  p.  296;  Trans.  A.  M.  A,,  1872,  XXIII,  p. 
581. 

258.  FRANCIS  ASBURY  ASHFORD— Born  Sept.  19,  1841,  Fairfax 
Co.,  Va.  First  Lieut.,  C.  S.  A.  M.  D.,  1S67,  Columbian.  Father  of 
Dr.  Mahlon  Ashford,  infra.     Another,  son.  Dr.  Bailey  K.  Ashford,  is  an 


284  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army.  Died  May  19,  1883.  Was  wounded  and 
captured  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  just  before  the  close  of  the  Civil  War. 
Sfudied  medicine  with  Dr.  Thomas  Miller,  supra.  After  graduation  was 
appointed  Resident  Physician,  Columbia  Hospital  ;  afterwards  was 
Asst.  Surgeon  and  one  of  the  Directors  ;  assisted  in  organizing  the  Dis- 
pensary service  of  the  hospital  ;  assisted  also  in  establishing  the  Chil- 
dren's Hospital,  was  Attending  Surgeon  thereto,  and  gave  especial  atten- 
tion to  diseases  of  joints.  At  the  reorganization  of  the  Faculty  of 
Georgetown  Med.  School  in  1876,  he  was  made  Prof.  Surgery.  Was  the 
principal  person  establishing  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital,  and,  according 
to  Dr.  Busey,  was  practically  the  founder.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ; 
Amer.  Med.  Assn.  ;  Clinico-Patholog.  Society,  Washington.  Married  a 
daughter  of  Hon.  Moses  Kelly,  of  Washington.  See  Busey's  Reminis- 
cences, p.  188  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  20,  1883 ;  Maryland  Med. 
Jour.,  1883-4,  X,  p.  417;  Atkinson's  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1878,  p.  78  ;  In 
Memoriam,  Washington,  1883  ;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  91. 

MAY  1,  1867 

2.>«).  JOSEPH  TABER  JOHNSON— Born  June  30,  1845,  Lowell, 
Mass.  A.  M.,  1869,  Columbian;  Ph.  D.,  1S90,  Georgetown  ;  M.  D., 
1865,  Georgetown  ;  1868,  Bellevue  ;  1871,  Diploma  in  Obstetrics,  Vienna. 
Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Army.  Father  of  Dr.  L.  B.  T.  Johnson,  infra. 
Resigned  June  8,  1870  ;  reelected  Oct.  i,  1873.  Honorary  member  M. 
C.  F.,  Maryland,  1890.  Son  of  Lorenzo  Dow  and  Mary  (Burgess)  John- 
son ;  grandson  of  Jeremiah  Johnson,  soldier  of  the  Revolutionarj'  War  ; 
descendant  of  John  Alden  and  Priscilla  Mullens,  of  the  "Mayflower." 
Attended  Rochester  Academy,  Plymouth  Co.,  Mass.,  and  Columbian  Col- 
lege, Washington.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Wm.  G.  Palmer,  supra, 
and  Dr.  Austin  Flint,  N.  Y.  City.  Served  at  Freedmen's  Hospital, 
Washington,  1868-73.  Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Gynecology,  Howard  Med. 
School,  1868-73  ;  Lecturer  1874,  Prof.  Obstetrics  1876,  afterwards  Prof. 
Gynecology  and  Abdominal  Surgery,  Georgetown  Med.  School,  till  the 
present  time  ;  President  of  the  Med.  Faculty  ;  President  of  Board,  and 
Gynecologist,  Georgetown  Univ.  Hospital.  Surgeon  in  Charge  of  Sani- 
torium  for  cases  of  gynecology  and  abdominal  surgery,  built  by  himself, 
18S7.  Was  Gynecological  Surgeon,  Columbian  and  Providence  Hos- 
pitals. Consulting  Gynecologist  Central  Dispensary.  Member  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C.  One  of  the  founders  Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecolog. 
Society,  President  in  1888-9,  ^nd  of  Amer.  Gynecolog.  Society,  Sec- 
retary and  Editor  "Transactions,"  1888-91  ;  President,  1898-9;  Presi- 
dent Southern  Surg,  and  Gynecol.  Assn.,  1S98-9  ;  Fellow  British  Gyne- 
colog. Society  ;  member  Mass.  Med.  Society  ;  Med.  Society  Virginia; 
Amer.    Med.    Assn.  ;     Wash.    Philosoph.    and    Anthropolog.    Societies. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  285 

Author  of  Surgical  diseases  of  ovaries  and  tubes,  in  Dennis'  System  of 
Surgery.  Director  Great  Falls  and  Old  Dominion  R.  R.  Married  in 
1873,  Edith  Maud,  daughter  of  Prof.  W.  F.  Bascom,  of  Washington.  See 
Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  231  ;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  252  ;  Watson's 
Biog.,  1896,  p.  405  ;  Appleton's  Biog.,  1887,  III,  p.  446;  Who's  Who  in 
America ;  Amer.  Biog.  Directory,  Washington,  1908  ;  Lamb's  History, 
p.  108  ;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  89  ;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals,  Mary- 
land, 1903,  p.  456. 

MAY  29,  1867 

260.  GRANVILLE  MALCOM— Born  April  2,  1839,  Boston,  Mass. 
M.  D.,  1867,  Georgetown.  A.  M.,  1896,  Bucknell  Univ.,  Lewisburg,  Pa. 
Resigned  from  Society,  Jan.  i,  1872.  Removed  to  Denver,  Colorado, 
and  went  into  real  estate  business. 

261.  HENRY  GRAY— M.  D.,  1867,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  N.  Y.  Died  be- 
tween 1867  and  1870. 

262.  ALONZO  MORRIS  BUCK— Born  Jan.  24,  1826,  Glens  Falls,  N. 
Y.  Hospital  Steward,  U.  S.  Army.  M.  D.,  1866,  Georgetown.  Prac- 
ticed sometime  in  Michigan,  then  returned  to  Washington,  and  was  em- 
ployed in  Surgeon  General's  Office.  Dropped  from  membership.  Died 
Sept.   29,  1905,  Hyattsville,  Md. 

263.  WILLIAM  E.  POULTON— Born  May  16,  1840,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1864,  Georgetown.     Dropped  from  membership  1873. 

264.  DAVID  PHILIP  WOLHAUPTER— Born  April  6,  1840,  Wood- 
stock, N.  B.  M.  D.,  1862,  Bowdoin  ;  A.  B.,  Sackville  College,  Nova 
Scotia.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Father  of  Dr.  W.  E.  Wolhaupter, 
infra.  Served  in  military  hospitals  during  Civil  War,  afterwards  prac- 
ticed medicine  in  Washington.  Died  July  12,  1900.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  Oct.  3,  1900. 

JUNE  12,  ISC'? 

265.  RICHMOND  JOSEPH  SOUTHWORTH— Born  in  1841,  in  Wis- 
consin. M.  D.,  1866,  College  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y.  ;  LL.  B.,  1S73, 
Columbian.  Resigned  Oct.  7,  1S68,  from  Medical  Society.  Acting  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  Army.  Died  in  Washington,  July  27,  1900.  Son  of  Mrs.  E. 
D.  E.  N.  Southworth,  the  authoress.  Educated  at  schools  in  Wisconsin. 
After  graduation  in  medicine  practiced  in  N.  Y.  City,  till  1867,  when  he 
removed  to  Washington.  After  graduating  in  law  he  removed  to  Yon- 
kers,  N.  Y.  Returned  to  Washington  in  1890.  Married  Miss  Blanche 
Porter,  daughter  of  Dr.  James  J.  Porter.     See   Lamb's   History,   p.   117. 


286  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

JULY   3,  1861 

266.  SAMUEL  S.  TURNER— Born  in  1834,  in  Tennessee.  M.  D., 
1S63,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Removed  to  Fort  Bu- 
ford,  afterwards  to  Yankton,  Dakota.  Died  Dec.  11,  1904,  while  en  route 
from  Fort  Columbia,  Washington,  to  Washington,  D.  C. 

JULY  31,  1867 

267.  SAMUEL  W.  CALDWELL— Born  in  Penna.  Hospital  Steward, 
U.  S.  A.  M.  D.,  1867,  Georgetown.  Dropped  from  membership,  1872. 
Removed  to  Philadelphia,  Pa.     [Was  there  in  1886.] 

AUGUST   14,  .186? 

268.  WILLL\M  HENRY  WHITLEY— Born  in  New  Jersey.  M.  D., 
1866,  Georgetown.  Removed  to  Paterson,  N.  J.,  about  1874,  and  died 
there  after  1890. 

AUGUST  21,  1867 

269.  CARL  HERMANN  ANTON  KLEINSCHMIDT— Born  Oct.  12, 
1839,  Petershagen,  Prussia.  M.  D.,  1862;  Ph.  D.,  1889,  Georgetown. 
Asst.  Surg.,  C.  S.  A,  President,  1895-6,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  May 
20,  1905.  Educated  at  Royal  College,  Minden,  Westphalia,  Prussia. 
Came  to  America  in  1857.  After  graduation  in  medicine  served  in  the 
Confederate  Army,  1863-5,  with  the  "Texas  Rangers,"  in  most  of  the 
engagements  in  Northern  Virginia,  at  Gettysburg,  in  the  "Wilderness," 
and  finally  at  Appomattox,  whence  he  walked  to  Georgetown,  D.  C.  He 
then  took  a  medical  course  at  the  Univ.  Berlin.  Returned  to  George- 
town and  began  practice.  In  1876  was  appointed  Prof.  Physiology, 
Georgetown  Med.  School ;  was  the  first  President  of  Board  of  Med.  Ex- 
aminers, D.  C,  under  the  law  of  1896,  and  also  President  of  Board  of  Med. 
Supervisors  ;  member  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences  ;  on  the  staff  of  Georgetown 
Univ.  Hospital;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Association. 
Author  of  The  necessity  for  a  higher  standard  of  medical  education, 
Washington,  1878.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  24,  1905;  Atkinson's 
Biog.,  1878,  p.  531;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  September,  1905,  p.  260;  George- 
town University,  II,  p.  84. 

270.  ABRAHAM  BOHRER  SHEKELL— Born  Oct.  4,  1838,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1863;  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Dropped  from 
membership,  1S83. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  287 

SEPTEMBER  11,  1867 

271.  SILAS  LAWRENCE  LOOMIS— Born  May  22,  1822,  North  Cov- 
entr}',  Conn.  A.  M.,  Howard;  M.  D.,  1857,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Father  of  Dr.  C.  L.  Loomis,  infra.  Died  June  22,  1896. 
Brother  of  Dr.  L.  C  Loomis,  of  Washington.  Son  of  Silas  and  Esther 
(Case)  Loomis.  When  five  years  old  his  father  died  and  he  early  as- 
sumed the  care  of  his  mother,  brother  and  sister.  Taught  school  in 
Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island,  1837-43,  in  this  way  being  able  to  work 
his  way  through  college,  graduating  in  1844  at  Wesleyan  University, 
Middletown,  Conn.  The  same  year,  with  his  brother  Charles,  he  estab- 
lished the  Adelphian  Academy,  North  Bridgewater,  now  Brockton,  Mass. 
Was  married  in  1848  to  Betsy  Ann  Tidd,  who  died  in  1850.  Married  in 
1851  to  Abigail  Paine.  Member  Amer.  Assn.  Advance.  Sci.,  in  1852.  In 
1854  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C,  and  opened  the  Western  Academy, 
southwest  corner  Seventeenth  and  I  Streets,  N.  W.  Appointed,  in  1S57, 
Astronomer  to  the  Lake  Coast  Survey.  In  i860  was  Special  Instructor  in 
Mathematics  at  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  and  was  ordered  on  a 
cruise  at  sea.  In  1861,  elected  Prof.  Chemistry  and  Toxicology,  George- 
town Med.  College  ;  resigned  in  1867.  During  the  war  of  1861-5  was  an 
Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  served  in  Army  of  Potomac  on  staff  of  Gen- 
eral McClellan,  and  also  in  several  military  hospitals  in  Washington.  In 
1862,  became  member  Amer.  Med.  Association.  At  the  close  of  the  Civil 
War  he  was  Chief  Clerk,  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Treasury  Department. 
Was  associated  with  others  in  founding  Howard  University,  and  is  said 
to  have  suggested  the  University  instead  of  a  College  ;  organized  the 
medical  department;  Dean  of  Med.  Faculty,  sessions  1868-70.  In  1870 
was  chairman  of  a  special  committee  on  examination  of  mathematical 
and  chemical  instruments  for  use  of  Internal  Revenue  Bureau;  in  1871, 
member  of  Board  of  Health  of  Washington.  In  1878  was  employed  by 
the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Agriculture  collecting  special  statistics  of  food 
products  of  the  United  States.  Estimated  the  population  of  the  United 
States  for  1880,  and  was  in  error  by  only  18,000.  In  1878  discovered  a 
process  and  invented  machinery  for  making  textile  fiber  from  varieties 
of  the  palm.  Removed  to  Fernandina,  Fla.,  in  1882.  Author  of  Normal 
arithmetic,  1859;  Analytical  arithmetic,  i860.  See  Appleton's  Biog.,  1888, 
IV,  p.  19;  20th  Cent.  Biog.  Diet.;  Lamb's  History,  p.  108. 

SEPTEMBER  25,  1867 

272.  DANIEL  SMITH  LAMB— Born  May  20,  1843,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
A.  B.,  1859,  A.  M.,  1864,  Central  High  School,  Philadelphia,  Hospital 
Steward,  U.  S.  A.  ;  Acting  Asst,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army.  M.  D.,  1867, 
Georgetown.     Co-Editor  Washn.   Med.   Annals.     Husband  of  Dr.  I.  H. 


288  MEDIC  At,    SOCIETY 

Lamb,  and  father  of  Dr.  R.  S.  Lamb,  infra.  Author  of  "  History  of  Med. 
Dept.,  Howard  Univ.,"  1900;  "Rules  of  Health,"  1900  (with  Dr.  I.  H. 
Lamb)  ;  and  contributed  to  "  Witthaus'  Med.  Jurisprudence."  Son  of 
Jacob  Matlack  and  Delilah  (Rose)  Lamb;  descended  from  a  number  of 
families  that  peopled  New  Jersey,  and  from  Revolutionary  soldiers. 
Educated  in  public  schools,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Enlisted  in  8ist  Penna. 
Vols.,  in  1861;  in  hospital  in  Alexandria,  1862  to  1865  ;  Hospital  Steward, 
U.  S.  A.,  1864-1868  ;  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1868-1892.  On  duty 
at  Army  Med.  Museum,  Washington,  1865,  to  the  present  time  ;  Patholo- 
gist since  1892.  Sometime  Professor  of  General  Pathology,  U.  S.  Col- 
lege Veterinary  Surgeons,  Washington  ;  member  Med.  Assn.  D.  C.  and 
Amer.  Med.  Assn.;  President  Assn.  Actg.  Asst.  Surgeons,  U.  S.  A.,  for 
many  years ;  many  years  Secretary  Assn.  Amer.  Anatomists  ;  Treas- 
urer Woman's  Clinic,  Washington ;  Councilor  Ninth  International 
Medical  Congress,  18S7  ;  Secretary  Anatomical  Section  Pan-American 
Med.  Congress,  1893  ;  President  Anthrop.  Society,  Washington  ;  Vice 
President  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences  ;  Prof.  Materia  Medica  and 
Med.  Jurispr.  Howard  Med.  School,  1873-7,  of  Anatomy  since  1877  ; 
Chairman  Editorial  Committee  Washington  Med.  Annals,  since  1902, 
Made  post  mortem  examination  of  President  Garfield,  the  assassin 
Guiteau,  and  Vice  President  Henry  Wilson.  Married  May  20,  1868, 
Lizzie  Scott,  daughter  of  Robert  Scott,  Philadelphia  ;  and  July  3,  1899, 
Isabel  Haslup,  infra.  See  Stone's  Biog.,  1S94,  p.  649  ;  Watson's  Biog., 
1896,  p.  503  ;  20th  Cent.  Biog.  Diet.,  1904  ;  Amer.  Men.  Science,  1906  ; 
Who's  Who  in  America ;  Amer.  Biog.  Directory,  Washington,  190S  ; 
Lamb's  History,  p.  121  ;  Genealogy  of  Lamb  and  Others,  1904. 

NOVEMBER  13,  1867 

273.  VALENTINE  McNALLY— Born  Oct.  18,  1839,  Scotland.  M. 
D.,  1867;  A.  M.,  1869;  LL.D.,  1889,  Georgetown  ;  LL.  D.,  1886,  Col- 
lege St.  Francis  Xavier,  N.  Y.  Captain  and  Major  of  Ordnance,  U.  S. 
Army.     See  Powell's  History,  p.  474.     Now  Colonel,  U.  S.  A.,  Retired. 

274.  GEORGE  P.  HANAW^ALT— Born  Sept.  11,  1836,  Ross  Co., 
Ohio.  M.  D.,  1864,  Georgetown.  Hospital  Steward,  1862-4,  and  Acting 
Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army,  1864-8.  Removed,  1868,  to  Des  Moines, 
Iowa.  Of  German  ancestry.  Member  and  Vice  Pres.  Alumni  Society 
Georgetown  Med.  College,  1869-70  ;  Secretary  Iowa  Med.  Society,  1870- 
3;  President  Polk  Co.,  Med.  Society;  Surg.  3d  Iowa  Nat.  Guard; 
member  Board  of  Pension  Examiners  ;  Division  Surgeon,  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  and  Pacific  R.  R.  ;  Surgeon,  Des  Moines  and  Fort  Dodge  R.  R. 
In  Oct.,  1871,  married  Emma  Agnes,  daughter  of  James  C.  Jordan,  of 
Des  Moines.     See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  432. 


73 


DANIEL  THOS.  BIRTWELL 


WM.  EARL   CLARK 


74 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  289 

275.  JOSEPH  DEANE  BARNES— Born  in  1844,  in  North  Carolina. 
M.  D.,  1867,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Dropped  from 
membership  1872.  Was  the  son  of  Surgeon  General  J.  K.  Barnes,  U.  S. 
A.     Died  May  13,  1882. 

DECEMBER  4,  1867 

2  70.  DeWITT  CLINTON  PATTERSON— Born  Aug.  3,  1826,  Berk- 
shire Co.,  Mass.  M.  D.,  1851,  Western  Reserve.  Surgeon,  124th  Ohio 
Vols.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  President,  1885-6,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C. 
Many  years  Coroner  of  D.  C.  Father  of  Dr.  A.  C.  Patterson,  infra. 
Died  Dec.  20,  1893.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Dec.  21,  1893  ;  Lamb's 
History,  p.  120. 

1867 

277.  BENJAMIN  B.  BABCOCK— Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.  D., 
1S67,  Georgetown.  Died  Jan.  21,  1868.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan. 
22,  1868. 

278.  JOSEPH  NELSON  CLARK— Born  Nov.  12,  1839,  near  Dills- 
bury,  Pa.  Served  in  the  army  in  the  war,  1861-5.  M.  D.,  1867,  George- 
town. Removed  to  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  where  he  kept  a  drug  store  and- 
was  President  of  the  People's  Savings  Bank. 

[Babcock  was  nominated  April  10,  1867,  and  Clark  May  29,  1867. 
There  is  no  record  of  the  election  of  either,  but  they  were  recognized 
as  members,  and,  Jan.  29,  1868,  the  Secretary  was  instructed  to  record 
the  election  of  Babcock  and  sign  his  name  to  the  constitution.] 

JANUARY  15,  1868 

27J).  EDWIN  WALTER  LATIMER— Born  June  6,  1826,  Prince  Wil- 
liam Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  i860,  Columbian.  Was  in  C.  S.  A.  Removed 
from  D.  C.  to  Prince  William  Co.,  Va.  Died  of  meningitis  April  20, 
i83o,  in  D.  C.     See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  April  21,  1880. 

HARCH   2S,  1868 

280.  CORNELIUS  VAN  NESS  CALLAN— Born  July  19,  1844,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1868,  Georgetown.  Was  attending  Physician,  Providence  Hospi- 
tal and  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum,  Washington. 

2S1.  ANDREW  ROTHWELL  BROWN— Born  May  31,  1847,  in  D.  C. 
M.  D,,  1868,  Georgetown.  Dropped  from  membership,  1877.  Died  Dec. 
16,  1900.  Was  associated  for  a  while  with  his  uncle,  Dr.  Borrows,  «(^/-a; 
then  ceased  to  practice  medicine  and  became  a  patent  attorney. 

19 


290  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

282.  GEORGE  ARTHUR  FITCH— Born  July  30,  1846,  Morgantown, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1868;  A.  M.,  1869,  Georgetown.  Died  of  tuberculosis, 
Nov.  30,  1875.  Educated  at  Monongahela  Academy.  Studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  Johnson  Eliot,  supra.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  Amer. 
Med.  Association.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Dec.  i.  1875  ;  Trans.  A. 
M.  A.,  1878,  XXIX,  p.  654. 

APRIL  1,  1868 

283.  BENEDICT  THOMPSON— Born  April,  1843,  St.  Mary's  Co., 
Md.  M.  D.,  186S,  Columbian.  Brother  of  Dr.  J.  Ford  Thompson,  su- 
pra, and  father  of  Dr.  J.  Lawn  Thompson,  infra.  Died  of  typhoid  fever, 
July  22,  1875.  Son  of  Charles  and  Eliza  Thompson.  Attended  George- 
town College,  1857-61.  Studied  medicine  with  his  brother.  After  grad- 
uation became  Assistant  Physician  at  Columbia  Hospital,  and  subse- 
quently House  Physician  to  Providence  Hospital,  Washington.  In  1870 
married  the  daughter  of  James  P.  Lawn,  of  Baltimore.  Was  an  active 
member  of  the  Medical  Society,  and  during  a  trying  time  in  its  history  was 
instrumental  in  reviving  the  interest  of  its  members  in  its  meetings  and 
did  much  toward  improving  the  efficiency  of  its  organization.  Served  for 
some  time  on  a  committee  appointed  to  edit  the  transactions  of  the  So- 
ciety, and  filled  other  oflfices.  Member  of  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Sometime 
President  of  Carroll  Institute,  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
July  23,  1875;  Lamb's  History,  p.  120;  Busey's  Reminiscences,  p.  200; 
Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1878,  XXIX,  p.  722. 

APRIL  29,  1868 

284.  JESSE  LEE  ADAMS— Born  Aug.  6,  1841,  D.  C.  Served  in  D.  C. 
Volunteers  during  Civil  War.  M.  D.,  1868,  Georgetown.  Dropped  from 
membership,  1879.  Had  a  son.  Dr.  J.  L.  Adams,  Jr.  Was  Ward  Physi- 
cian several  years;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  April  16,  1905.  See 
Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  194. 

285.  CHARLES  FRANCIS  NALLEY— Born,  1849,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1868,  Georgetown.  Dropped  from  membership,  1873.  Died  March  4, 
1876.     vSee  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  6,  1876. 

JUNE  10,  1868 

286.  GEORGE  RICHARD  MILLER— Born  Jan.  10,  1846,  D.  C. 
Son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Miller,  supra.  M.  D.,  1868,  Univ.  Penna.  Died  in 
Washington,  June  5,  1872,  of  tuberculosis.  [His  mother  was  Virginia  C. 
Jones,  daughter  of  General  Walter  Jones.]  He  had  a  college  education  ; 
studied  medicine  with  his  father.  After  graduation,  practiced  in  Wash- 
ington.    Apparently  as  the   result  of  too  close  attention  to  practice,  his 


DIvSTRICT     OF    COLUMBIA  29 1 

health  failed  and  he  retired  to  his  father's  farm  near  Leesburg,  Va. 
Member  Med.  Assn.  and  Clinico-Patholog.  Society,  D.  C.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  June  7,  1872.  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1873,  XXIV,  p.  340  ;  and 
1880,  XXXI,  p.  1076. 

NOVEMBER  4,  1868 

287.  EDGAR  ARMISTEAD  DULIN— Born  Dec.  19,  1843,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1865,  Georgetown.  Medical  Cadet,  U.  S.  Army  ;  Acting  Asst.  Surg., 
U.  S.  Navy.  Removed  in  1869  to  Lexington,  Mo.  ;  afterwards  to  Nevada, 
Mo.  President  Med.  Soc,  Vernon  Co.,  Mo.  ;  and  John  T.  Hodgen  Med. 
Society.     Member  U.  S.  Board  of  Pensions. 

NOVEMBER  25.  1868 

2S8.  ROBERTSON  HOWARD— Son  of  Dr.  Flodoardo  Howard,  supra. 
Born  Dec.  12,  1847,  D.  C,  M.  D.,  1867  ;  A.  M.,  1870;  LL.  B.,  1874, 
Georgetown.  Removed  to  vSt.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  practiced  law.  Died 
there,    Dec.  i,  1899. 

DECEMBER  2.    1868 

289.  WILLIAM  WARING  JOHNSTON— Born  Dec.  28,  1843,  D.  C. 
p:idest  son  of  Dr.  W.  P.  Johnston,  J?^/ra.  Med.  Cadet,  U.  S.  A.  M.  D., 
1865,  Univ.  Penna.  President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1888-9.  Brother  of  Dr. 
G.  W.  Johnston,  infra,  and  father  of  Dr.  W.  B.  Johnston.  Died  March  22, 
1902,  at  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.  [His  mother  was  Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Bernard  Hooe,  of  Prince  William  Co.,  Va.]  He  was  educated  by  Mr. 
Hector  Munro,  at  a  Washington  school,  and  at  St.  James  College,  near 
Baltimore,  till  1S62  ;  then  by  Mr.  Chas.  B.  Young,  Washington.  After 
graduating  in  medicine  served  as  Interne  at  Bellevue  Hospital,  N.  Y., 
one  year,  during  the  cholera  epidemic  ;  a  fellow  student,  his  room  mate, 
died  of  the  disease.  He  next  attended  the  Univ.  Edinburgh  and  was  a 
private  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Hughes  Bennett;  and  next  the  Paris  hospitals. 
Returned  to  Washington  in  1868  and  began  practice  with  his  father.  In 
1871,  became  Prof.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  Columbian  Med. 
School,  and  held  the  position  till  his  death.  His  practice  included  many 
patients  connected  with  the  U.  vS.  Government,  Cabinet  Officers,  Justices 
of  Supreme  Court,  Senators  and  others.  He  was  on  the  staff  of  the  Chil- 
dren's Hospital,  Providence  Hospital,  Columbia  Hospital,  Garfield  Me- 
morial Hospital,  Emergency  Hospital  and,  finally,  the  Columbian  Univ. 
Hospital.  One  of  the  founders  of  Children's  Hospital  and  Garfield 
Memorial  Hospital  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  each; 
Consulting  Physician  to  Washington  Asylum  Hospital,  to  Episcopal  Eye 
and  Ear  Hospital  and  Government  Hospital  for  Insane.  Chairman  of 
Committee  on  Public  Health  of  Board  of  Trade.  Was  married  three 
tmies.     Author  of  Diarrheal  diseases  and  dysentery,  in  Hare's  system  of 


292  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

practical  therapeutics,  Philadelphia,  1897,  IV;  The  Eureka  Springs,  Ar- 
kansas, St.  Louis,  1885;  see  Medical  Societj',  D.  C,  Report  on  typhoid 
fever,  Washington,  1894.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  24  and 
April  9,  1902;  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  319;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  253; 
In  Memoriam,  Washington,  1902;  American  Medicine,  1902,  III,  p.  500; 
Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  1902,  CXLVI,  p.  349;  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  1902, 
XXXVIII,  p.  835;  Medical  News,  1902,  LXXX,  p.  616;  N.  Y.  Med. 
Jour.,  1902,  LXXV,  p.  55S;  Physician,  Detroit,  1902,  XXIV,  p.  188; 
Wash.  Med.  Annals,  May,  1902,  pp.  151-175. 

JANUARY  20, 1869 

290.  JAMES  B.  LITTLEWOOD— Born  June  25,  1843,  Ashton,  Eng- 
land. M.  D.,  1868,  Georgetown.  Was  Examiner  of  Patents,  U.  S.  Pat- 
ent Office,  Washington.  Married,  Sept.,  1900,  Florence  Buckingham,  of 
Baltimore,  Md.     Died  Feb.  7,  1906. 

APRIL  7,  1869 

291.  CHARLES  EVELYN  HAGNER— Born  Aug.  14,  1847,  Norfolk, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1869,  Univ.  Penna.  Father  of  Dr.  F.  R.  Hagner,  infra. 
Dropped  from  membership  1902.  Was  Attending  Physician  Providence 
Hospital ;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecolog. 
Society. 

MAY  5,  1869 

292.  JOHN  WESLEY  VAN  ARNUM— Born  1840,  Manitou,  Mich. 
Hospital  Steward,  U.  S.  A.  M.  D.,  1867,  Georgetown.  Sometime  drug- 
gist. Dropped  from  membership  1878.  Died  Nov.  9,  1884,  as  the  result 
of  an  accident. 

JUNE  :iO,  1869 

293.  CHARLES  ADAMS  GRAY— Born  in  N.  Y.  City.  M.  D.,  1869, 
Bellevue.  Removed  to  Sioux  Falls,  Dakota  ;  was  there  1886 ;  thence  to 
Brattleboro,  Vt.,  and  Hinsdale,  N.  H.,  1890-6. 

294.  WILLIAM  WARREN  POTTER— Born  Dec.  31,  1838,  Strykers- 
ville,  N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1859,  LTniv.  Buffalo.  Asst.  Surgeon  49th  and  Sur- 
geon, 57th  N.  Y.  Vols.  Sometime  Coroner,  D.  C.  Removed  to  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  Editor  Buffalo  Med.  Jour.,  since  July,  1888.  [His  father  was 
Dr.  Lindorf  Potter,  of  Sheldon,  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.  Son  of  Dr.  Ben- 
jamin Potter,  formerly  of  Rhode  Island,  but  who  located  in  Western  N. 
Y.  in  the  early  years  of  the  nineteenth  century,  and  was  one  of  the 
first  physicians  in  the  Holland  Purchase.]  Educated  at  seminaries  at 
Arcade  and  Lima,  N.  Y.  After  graduation  in  medicine  practiced  with 
his  uncle,  Dr.  M.  E.  Potter,  at  Cowlesville,  N.  Y.     Served  as   Asst.  Sur- 


DISTRICT     OF     COIvUMBIA  293 

geon,  49th  N.  Y.  Vols.,  in  1S61-2.  Accompanied  the  regiment  throughout 
its  early  career  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  during  the  peninsular 
campaign,  under  McClellan  in  Maryland,  and  under  Burnside  in  the 
Fredericksburg  disaster.  Was  left  in  charge  of  wounded  soldiers  while  the 
array  was  retreating  to  Harrison's  Landing  ;  captured  in  June,  1862,  con- 
fined in  Libby  prison,  but  released  among  the  first  exchanges  and  re- 
joined his  regiment  after  an  absence  of  three  weeks.  In  December,  1862, 
just  after  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  was  promoted  to  Surgeon,  and 
served  with  the  57th  New  York  Vols,  during  the  Chancellorsville  and 
Gettysburg  campaigns.  Soon  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  was  assigned 
to  the  charge  of  ist  Division  Hospital,  2d  Army  Corps,  and  continued  on 
that  duty  until  mustered  out  of  service  with  his  regiment  at  the  close  of 
the  war.  Brevetted  for  faithful  and  meritorious  service,  Lieutenant 
Colonel,  U.  S.  Vols.  He  remained  a  few  years  in  Washington,  then 
practiced  awhile  at  Batavia,  N.  Y.  Soon  afterwards  he  removed  to 
Buffalo,  where  he  is  still  practicing  medicine,  mainly  surgery  and  dis- 
eases of  women.  Member  of  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  ;  Med.  Society  of  New 
York,  its  President  in  1891  ;  Medical  Society  of  Erie  Co.,  President  in 
1893;  of  Buffalo  Med.  and  Surg.  Assn.,  President  in  1886;  President  of 
Buffalo  Obstetrical  Society,  1884-6  ;  Secretary  Amer,  Assn.  Obstet.  and 
Gynecol,  from  1888  ;  Pan-Amer.  Med.  Congress,  1893  ;  Examiner  in  Ob- 
stetrics N.  Y.  State  Med.  Examining  Board  ;  President  of  National  Con- 
federation of  State  Med.  Examining  Boards  ;  Surgeon  to  Hospitals,  etc. 
Married,  March  23,  1859,  Emily  A.  Bostwick,  daughter  of  Wm.  H.  Bost- 
wick,  Lancaster,  N.  Y.  See  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  411  ;  Watson's  Biog., 
1896,  p.  150  ;  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Men  of  New  York,  189S. 

29o.  ARTHUR  CHRISTIE— Born  Jan.  13,  1830,  London,  England. 
M.  D.,  1866,  Univ.  Maryland.  Dropped  from  membership,  1880.  Died 
June  24,  1891,  D.  C. 

NOVEMBER   17.  1869 

296.  RALPH  V.  AULICK— Born,  1839,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1867,  Univ. 
Penna.  Died  Oct.  3,  1872,  with  symptoms  of  apoplexy.  Son  of  Commo- 
dore Aulick,  U.  S.  N.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  D.  R.  Hagner,  supra. 
After  graduation  practiced  in  Washington.  In  1870  had  inflammation  of 
the  brain  and  never  recovered  his  health  again.  He  collected  many 
medical  engravings  and  portraits  of  medical  men,  and  also  devoted  much 
time  to  entomology.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  9,  1872;  Trans.  A. 
M.  A.,  1873,  XXIV,  p.  341. 

297.  ALBERT  B.  NORTON— Born  1823,  Massachusetts.  M.  D., 
1849,  Berkshire.     Died  July  5,  1873,  of  hemoptysis. 


294  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

298.  JOHN  HOLLINS  McBLAIR— Born  Nov.  12,  1843,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1869,  Georgetown,  ist  Lieut.,  U.  S.  A.  Dropped  from  membership, 
1891;  reelected  April  4,  1894.  Died  Dec.  3,  1899.  See  Powell's  History, 
p.  459;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Dec.  6  and  13,  1899;  Trans.  Med.  Society, 
1899,  IV,  p.  212. 

2J)9.  GEORGE  W.  WOOLEY— Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.  D.,  1836, 
Med.  Coll.,  Ohio.  Removed  in  1893  to  Williamsport,  Md.,  where  he  died 
Nov.  6,  1893. 

DBCenBER   8,  1869 

300.  ALBERT  SPERRY  PIERCE— Born,  Madison,  Indiana,  Feb.  6, 
1839.  M.  D.,  1867,  Georgetown.  Removed  to  Kirksville,  Mo.,  in  1873; 
to  Hastings,  Neb.,  in  1885;  to  Omaha,  Neb.,  in  1903.  Had  a  common 
school  education.  Was  Hospital  Steward,  27th  Mo.  Vols.,  1 861-5.  In 
1896-7  was  Med.  Director,  Grand  Army  Republic  of  Nebraska;  1897-8, 
Surgeon  General,  National  G.  A.  R. 

301.  WILLIAM  F.  CADY— Born  June  30,  1826,  Keesville,  N.  Y. 
M.  D.,  1853,  Albany  Med.  College,  N.  Y.  Surgeon,  12th  Illinois  Vols. 
Removed  in  1873  to  Lafayette,  Ind.,  where  he  died,  Dec.  24,  1883.  Was 
principal  of  a  school  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  1847-51;  a  pioneer  agitator  for  free 
schools.  After  graduating  in  medicine  he  practiced  at  Rock  Island,  111., 
1853-61.  Served  during  the  Civil  War  from  the  beginning  to  the  close. 
In  the  three  months'  service,  was  Asst.  Surg.,  12th  111.  Vols.  He  was  men- 
tioned in  dispatches  on  account  of  bravery  in  attending  the  wounded  on 
the  firing  line  at  battle  of  Fort  Donelson.  Suffered  from  chronic  diarrhea 
a  long  time,  and  a  post  mortem  examination  revealed  a  cicatricial  condi- 
tion of  almost  the  entire  intestinal  tract.  From  1869  to  1873  was  Chief 
Clerk,  U.  S.  Indian  Bureau,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  also  served  a  short 
time  as  Indian  Agent. 

DECEHBER  29,  1869 

302.  FRANCIS  SALTER— Born  in  England.  1831.  L.  R.  C.  P.  and 
S.,  Edinburgh  (1850)  and  Glasgow.  Surgeon,  7th  Ohio  Vols.,  and  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Vols.  Dropped  from  membership,  1873.  Sometime  Med. 
Referee,  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  Washington.  Died  May  3,  1879.  Buried 
at  Flood  Hill,  Va.     See  Powell's  History,  p.  816. 

[There  is  no  record  of  any  one  having  been  elected  a  member  in  1870. 
Dr.  Christian  Miller  paid  the  fee  of  |i.oo,  March  7,  1870,  and  June  30th, 
Drs.  W.  T.  S.  Duvall  and  Basil  Norris  also  paid  the  fee.  But  there  is  no 
record  of  their  election,  nor  is  there  any  record  of  the  fee  having  been 
returned.     The  name  of  W.  Noxton  appears  in  the  printed  list  of  1870, 


DORSEY    MAHON    MtPMtRSON 


JirC€  tli.Cc. 


75 


76 


I 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  295 

and  W.  Norton  in  the  lists  of  1882  and  1885,  but  the  name  does  not  ap- 
pear anywhere  on  the  minutes  of  the  Society,  nor  oti  the  Treasurer's 
book.  It  is  possible  that  the  name  is  a  mistake  for  W.  W.  Hoxton,  but 
he  had  died  in  1855.] 

[January  5,  1870,  the  constitution  was  amended  to  require  that  candi- 
dates for  active  membership  should  make  their  applications  in  January 
or  July,  their  papers  to  be  referred  to  the  Board  of  Censors,  and  the 
election  to  be  held  in  October  or  April.] 

JULY    5,    1871 

WOOD — [The  minutes  state  that  Wood  was  elected  a  member. 

This  must  be  a  mistake.] 

OCTOBER   11,    1871 

'  303.  JOSHUA  OTIS  STANTON— Born  Oct.  22,  1837,  Straflford,  N.  H. 
M.  D.,  1862,  Bowdoin.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  ;  Surg.  U.  S.  Vols. 
President  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1890-1.  Surg.  Gen.  N.  G.,  D.  C.  Died 
April  9,  1 89 1.  Educated  at  Straflford  and  Wolfboro  Academies,  N.  H. 
As  Acting  Asst.  Surg,  he  served  in  Washington,  June,  1862,  to  Feb.,  1865, 
when  he  was  appointed  Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols.,  and  attached  to  the  Bureau  of 
Provost  Marshal  General,  U.  S.  A.;  served  there  until  Oct.,  1865.  After- 
ward practiced  in  Washington,  making  a  specialty  of  diseases  of  women. 
Was  a  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Gynecolog.  Society  of  Boston  (cor- 
responding member);  Advisory  and  Consulting  Board  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women,  Washington  ;  Consulting  Physi- 
cian, Providence  Hospital  ;  Examining  Surgeon  for  Pensions.  In  May, 
1870,  married  Ida  M.,  daughter  of  Dr.  Wm.  Brooke  Jones,  of  Washington. 
See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  355  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  April  10,  1891. 

304.  JAMES  FRENCH  HARTIGAN— Born  Dec.  20,  1843,  Limerick, 
Ireland.  Hospital  Steward,  U.  S.  A.  M.  D.,  1868,  Georgetown.  Died 
Jan.  31,  1894,  at  Trieste,  Austria,  where  he  was  serving  as  U.  S.  Consul. 
Had  yellow  fever  while  a  prisoner  of  war  at  Newbern,  N.  C,  in  1864; 
and  in  18S8  was  sent  by  Surgeon  General  Hamilton  to  Florida  towns,  as 
an  Inspector  of  the  Marine  Hospital  Service,  to  investigate  their  condition. 
In  the  performance  of  this  duty  his  health  gave  way,  and  he  was  appointed 
consul  at  Trieste,  partly  in  the  hope  that  the  warm  climate  of  that  place 
would  be  beneficial  to  him.  Was  for  many  years  Coroner's  Physician, 
D.  C;  assisted  in  the  pos I  inorteni  examination  of  the  assassin  Guiteau. 
Co-author  of  Report  of  post  mortem  examination  of  Guiteau,  Washington, 
1882  ;  Lockjaw  of  infants,  N.  Y.,  1884.  See  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  1894,  XXII, 
p.  235  ;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  195. 


296  MEDICAl^     SOCIETY 

APRIL  3,   1872 

305.  WALTER  CLARKE  BRISCOE— Born  Dec.  16,  1837,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1869,  Georgetown.  Surgeon,  Central  Dispensary.  Died  Maj'  16, 
1896.     See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  iS,  1896. 

306.  WALTER  BOWIE  TYLER— Son  of  Dr.  Grafton  Tyler,  supra. 
Born  Sept.  19,  1846,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1870,  Columbian.  Served  in  C.  S. 
Army.  Died  March  6,  1889,  Summerville,  S.  C. ,  where  he  had  gone  for 
his  health.  His  mother  was  Mary  M.  Tyler.  He  was  educated  at  George- 
town College.  At  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  he  studied  medicine  with 
his  father.  Married  Kate  Moffat  Stansbury,  daughter  of  Dr.  C.  F.  and 
Ellen  R.  Stansbury,  of  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March 
9,  1889. 

307.  HOWARD  HINES  BARKER— Born  vSept.  13,  184S,  D.  C.  M.  D.. 
1870,  Georgetown;  LL.  D.,  1890,  National  University,  Washington. 
President,  1904-5,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Father  of  Dr.  H.  W.  Barker,  in- 
fra.     Was  the  son  of  James  William  and   Sarah   Ann  Rozelle  (Hines) 

Barker.  Educated  at  Union  Academy,  Everett  Institute  and  Columbian 
College.  Married,  Sept.  12,  1872,  Fannie  Rozelle  Wilson,  of  Washing- 
ton. Practiced  in  Washington.  Was  Prof.  Obstetrics  and  Gynecology, 
and  Dean  Med.  Department,  National  University,  Washington,  from  1884; 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  1871-3;  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  1874-5,  George- 
town Med.  College;  charter  member  Washington  Obstet.  and  Gynecolog. 
Society  ;  member  of  Clinico-Patholog.  Society;  President  Therapeutic 
Society,  D.  C,  and  Amer.  Therapeutic  Soc;  member  Amer.  Med.  Assn.; 
Resident  Physician,  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women  in  1871  ;  in  charge 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Central  Dispensary  and  Emergency 
Hospital,  1872-7;  Consulting  Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary  and  Casualty 
Hospital;  also  Surgeon  to  vSibley  Memorial  Hospital.  Author  of  Open 
letter  to  S.  C.  Busey,  etc.,  Washington,  1895.  See  Who's  Who  in  Amer- 
ica ;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  1908. 

308.  MOSES  BRUCKHEIMER— Born  April  2,  1836,  Kilsheim,  Baden. 
Germany.  M.  D.,  1868,  Columbian.  Dropped  from  membership,  1879; 
reelected  Oct.  i,  1902.  Died  Aug.  7,  1903.  Emigrated  from  Germany  about 
i860.  vServed  in  66th  New  York  Vols,  from  April  19,  1861  ;  afterward  in 
155th  N.  York  v.;  was  discharged  for  disability.  Then  studied  medicine. 
Married  Henrietta  Fuchs,  of  Badigheim,  Germany,  whom  he  knew  in 
the  old  country.  After  graduation  took  a  post-graduate  course  at  Jeffer- 
son Med.  College,  Philadelphia,  and  then  returned  to  Washington  and 
practiced  there  until  his  death.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  7  and 
Dec.  16,  1903;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  January,  1904,  p.  488. 


DISTRICT     OF     COI^UMBIA  297 

309.  JAMES  LITTLETON  SUDDARTH— Born  Dec.  13,  1841,  Albe- 
marle County,  Va.  M.  D.,  1868,  Columbian.  Dropped  from  membership, 
1877.     Reelected  April  7,  1886. 

310.  JOHN  STEARNS— Born  in  Massachusetts.  M.  D.,  i860,  Har- 
vard. Surgeon,  4th  Mass.  Heavy  Arty.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A. 
Dropped  from  membership,  1879.     Died  Aug.  28,  1898. 

[Stearns  was  nominated  March  27th  and  elected  April  3d.  The  name 
became  mixed  up  with  that  of  Dr.  S.  S.  Stearns.] 

OCTOBER  2.   1872 

311.  CHARLES  VERNON  BOARMAN— Born  March  2,  1851,  D.  C. 
A.  M.,  1874,  Gonzaga  College,  Washington;  M.  D.,  1871,  Georgetown. 
Died  Nov.  2,  1901.  Was  a  descendant  of  the  Boarmans  and  Morgans,  of 
England;  the  latter  from  Monmouthshire;  the  former  received  grants  of 
land  from  Lord  Baltimore,  and  the  latter  also  settled  under  proprietor's 
grant  in  Maryland  previous  to  1647.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Medical 
vSociety  of  Alumni  of  Georgetown  College  ;  Lecturer  in  Summer  School 
of  Medicine  in  said  College;  afterward  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy.  One 
of  the  Physicians  of  Central  Dispensary,  and  also  City  Physician.  Sur- 
geon, Penna.  R.  R.,  and  member  of  Board  of  Med.  Examiners,  U.  S. 
Pension  Bureau.  See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  383;  Minutes  Med.  Soci- 
ety, Nov.  6  and  15,  1901;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  VI,  1901,  p.  271. 

312.  JAMES  KNOX  POLK  GLEESON— Born  June  6,  1844,  London, 
N.  H.     M.  D.,  1869,  Columbian. 

APRIL  2,   1873 

313.  JOHN  THOMAS  WINTER— Born  April  26,  1842,  Petersville, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1870,  Georgetown.  Brother  of  Dr.  E.  C.  C.  Winter,  infra. 
Died  June  22,  1902.  Son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Fortney  Winter  ; 
grandson  of  Benjamin  Winter.  Educated  at  Petersville  Academy.  Clerk 
in  Quartermaster's  Department,  U.  S.  A.,  during  most  of  the  Civil  War. 
Oct.  20,  1869,  married  Miss  Alphonsa  R.  Hirst,  daughter  of  Rev.  Wm. 
Hirst,  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  In  1871  began  to  practice  in  Washington. 
Member  of  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  ;  Washington  Obstet. 
and  Gynecolog.  Soc;  charter  member  and  President  Washington  Thera- 
peutic Society;  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Pharmacy,  D.  C,  and  Pres- 
ident of  the  Board,  1894  to  1902;  was  on  the  staff  of  Eastern  Dispensarj-, 
and  Sibley  Hospital;  Physician  to  Meth.  Episc.  Home  for  Aged  Women. 
In  1884  he  organized  the  Med.  Dept.,  National  University,  Washington; 
was  President  of  the  school  till  his  death  ;  Prof.  Materia  Medica  and 
Therapeutics,   18S4-92,   and   of   Practice  of   Medicine,    1892-1902.      See 


298  MEDICAI.    .SOCIETY 

Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  i  and  22,  1902;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  Novem- 
ber, 1902,  p.  387;  Watson's  Biog.,  1896,  p.  575;  Georgetown  University, 
II,  p.  196.  , 

OCTOBER   1,  IS-Sa 

314.  WILLIAM  HENRY  ROSS— Born  July  17, 1844,  Newr  York  City. 
M.  D.,  1869,  Georgetown.  Removed,  1880,  to  N.  Y.  City.  President, 
1886,  Harlem  (N.  Y.)  Med.  Society.  Died  Nov.  20,  1900.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  D.  C,  Dec.  5,  1900;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  V,  1900,  p.  228. 

315.  CHARLES  WILLIAM  FRANZONI— Born  Aug.  15,  1837,  D.  C. 
Ph.  B.,  1858;  M.  D.,  1869,  Columbian.  President,  1891-2,  Med.  Assn., 
D.  C.  Son  of  John  Clement  and  Ann  Dunbar  Franzoni ;  grandson  of 
Carlo  Franzoni,  the  distinguished  Italian  sculptor,  whose  work  appears 
in  the  Statuary  Hall,  U.  S.  Capitol,  Washington.  Dr.  Franzoni  was  edu- 
cated at  private  schools,  the  Union  Academy  and  Columbian  College, 
Washington.  Married,  Oct.  25,  1876,  Sarah  Cecilia  Saunders,  of  Cleve- 
land, Ohio.  Has  practiced  in  Washington  since  1869;  Treasurer  of  Med. 
Society  since  1874.     See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  1908. 

316.  GEORGE  LLOYD  MAGRUDER— Born  Nov.  i,  1S48,  D.  C. 
A.  B.,  1868,  Gonzaga  College,  D.  C.  ;  A.  M.,  1871  ;  M.  D.,  1870,  George- 
town. [Son  of  Thomas  Contee  and  Elizabeth  Olivia  Morgan  Magruder, 
His  earliest  American  ancestor  on  the  paternal  side  was  the  immigrant, 
Alexander  McGregor,  who  came  from  Scotland  about  1650  and  settled  in 
Maryland,  and  changed  his  name  to  Magruder  soon  after  his  arrival. 
Dr.  Magruder's  father  was  Paymaster  on  the  Washington  Aqueduct  and 
Capitol  Extension,  and  Disbursing  Officer  under  Quartermaster  General 
M.  C.  Meigs.]  Educated  at  private  and  public  schools  and  by  private 
tutors.  Since  graduation  in  medicine  has  practiced  in  Washington. 
Sometime  Prosector  in  Minor  Surgery,  afterwards  Prof.  Materia  Medica, 
1883  to  1906,  and  Dean  and  Treasurer  of  Medical  Faculty,  now  Emer. 
Prof.  Mat.  Med.  and  Therap.,  Georgetown  Med.  School;  Physician  to 
the  Poor,  1871-2;  Physician  to  Police  and  Fire  Depts.,  1883-7;  Chairman 
of  Committee  of  Med.  Society  on  typhoid  fever  in  D.  C,  1894,  the  out- 
come of  which  was  the  present  filtration  plant.  Delegate  to  Internat. 
Med.  Congress,  Berlin,  1890,  and  Pan-American  Med.  Congress,  1893. 
Secured  an  investigation  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington, 
into  water  supplies  of  dairy  farms,  1906-7;  also  in  1907  secured  the 
appointment  of  the  Milk  Commission  of  the  District;  also  the  investiga- 
tion of  the  milk  industry  of  the  District,  and  the  publication  of  Bulletin 
41,  Hygienic  Laboratory,  "Milk  and  its  relation  to  public  health,"  under 
auspices  Bureau  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hosp.  Service  together  with 
the  Department  of  Agriculture.      One  of  the  founders  of  Central  Dis- 


DISTRICT    OF    COL,UMBIA  299 

pensary,  and  of  Georgetown  Univ.  Hospital;  Consulting  Physician, 
Central  Dispensary  and  Providence  Hospital;  member  Med.  Assn., 
D.  C;  Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecol,  Society;  Amer.  Pub.  Health  Assn  ; 
Washington  Acad.  Sciences;  Board  of  Visitors,  Govt.  Hosp.  Insane,  D.  C. 
Married,  Nov.  22,  1882,  Belle,  daughter  of  Gen.  W.  W.  Burns,  U.  S.  A., 
and  Priscilla  R.  Atkinson  Burns.  Has  a  son,  a  ist  Ivieut.,  Coast  Artillery 
Corps,  U.  S.  A.  See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  369;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894, 
p.  656;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  1908;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  88; 
Who's  Who  in  America. 

OCTOBER  8,  1813 

317.  WILLIAM  OLIVER  BALDWIN— Born  April  9,  1827,  Prince 
George  County,  Md.  M.  D.,  1852,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U. 
S.  A.  Surgeon,  2d  D.  C.  Vols.  Dropped  from  membership  in  1879. 
Died  Dec.  21,  1894. 

APRIL  8,  1874 

318.  CHARLES  BITTINGER— Born  May  19,  1852,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1873,  Georgetown.     Resigned  November  8,  1876.     Died  Aug.  31,  1879. 

319.  GIDEON  STINSON  PALMER— Born  June  14,  1815,  Gardiner, 
Me.  A.  B.,  Bowdoin,  1838  ;  A.  M.,  Howard  ;  M.  D..  1841,  Maine  Med- 
ical. Surgeon,  3d  Maine  Vols.,  and  Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols.  Died  in  Wash- 
ington, Dec.  8,  1891.  Educated  at  the  Gardiner  Lyceum.  Sometime 
Principal  of  the  Lyceum.  Practiced  medicine  for  twenty  years  in  Gar- 
diner and  other  towns  of  southern  Kennebec  County,  Me.;  and  during 
this  time  served  successively  as  Councilman,  Alderman,  and  Representa- 
tive in  the  State  Legislature.  During  the  Civil  War,  after  Oct.  5,  1861, 
served  as  Brigade  Surgeon  and  Medical  Director  until  Oct,  12,  1865, 
when  he  was  mustered  out.  Was  brevetted  Lieut.  Col.,  V.  S.  Vols.,  for 
meritorious  service.  Resumed  practice  at  Gardiner.  In  1869,  bj'  re- 
quest of  General  O,  O.  Howard,  U,  S.  A.,  he  took  the  chair  of  Physi- 
ologj'  and  Hygiene  in  the  Med,  Department,  Howard  University,  and, 
1871-81,  was  Dean  of  the  Faculty.  From  1875  to  1881  was  also  Surgeon 
in  Charge  of  Freedmen's  Hospital,  Washington.  Nov.  17,  1869,  married 
Susan,  widow  of  Charles  Henry  Coolidge,  of  Boston,  Mass.  See  Stone's 
Biog.,  1894,  p.  364;  Lamb's  History,  p.  112  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
Dec.  9,  1891. 

320.  THOMAS  MICHAEL  HEALEY— Born  June  16,  1840,  Cumber- 
land, Md.  M.  D.,  1866,  Long  Island  Medical  College.  Asst.  Surg.,  2d 
Maryland  Vols.,  1861-5.  Dropped  from  membership,  1878,  Removed 
to  Cumberland.     Died  Aug.  13,  1892, 


300  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

321.  PATRICK  JOSEPH  MURPHY— Born  Oct.  lo,  1844,  Dublin, 
Ireland.  Studied  at  Maynooth  College.  A.  M.  and  M.  D.,  1873,  George- 
town. For  many  years  was  Surgeon  in  Charge  of  Columbia  Hospital  for 
Women,  Washington.     Died  Oct.  3,  1S91.     He  is  said  to  have  done  the 

^first  successful  ovariotomy  (June  16,  1878)  in  Washington.  Author  of 
Chylous  ascites,  Washington,  1887.  See  Georgetown  University,  II,  p. 
90;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  7,  1891. 

322.  JOSEPH  ASBURY  TARKINGTON— Born  Nov.  25,  1837,  in  In- 
diana. M.  D.,  1870,  Georgetown.  Was  Ward  Physician  ;  Asst.  Ph5'si- 
cian,  Central  Dispensary.     Died  May  i,  1902,  at  Greensburg,  Ind. 

323.  ZACHARIAH  TURNER  SOWERS— Born  Dec.  15,  1846,  Clark 
Co.,  Va.  Ph.  B.,  1869;  A.  M.,  1874,  Columbian;  M.  D.,  1869,  Colum- 
bian; 1870,  Bellevue.  Educated  at  Berry ville  Academy,  Clark  Co.,  Va., 
and  Columbian  College,  Washington.  Settled  at  Round  Hill,  Loudoun 
Co.,  Va.,  but  removed  to  N.  Y.  City  in  1870.  Was  Asst.  Interne  in  Belle- 
vue Hospital;  Asst.  Examining  Physician  to  Bellevue  and  Charity  Hospi- 
tals; Asst,  Resident  Physician  to  Contagious  Hospital,  Blackwell's  Island, 
N.  Y.  City.  Returned  to  Washington,  and  in  1872  was  appointed  Dem- 
onstrator of  Anatomy,  Columbian  Med.  College;  Curator  of  the  museum 
and  Lecturer  on  Minor  Surgery.  Member  of  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  Secre- 
tary in  1874.  In  1876  and  1877  was  member  of  Advisory  Board  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  to  the  Columbia  Hospital,  D.  C.  Assisted  in  the  post 
mortem  examination  of  the  assassin,  Guiteau.  Has  long  been  President 
of  the  Washington  Hospital  for  Foundlings.  Author  of  Report  of  post 
mortem  examination  of  Guiteau,  Washington,  1882.  Father  of  Dr. 
W.  F.  M.  Sowers,  infra.  See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  323;  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  1908. 

OCTOBER   6.    1874 

324;  EDWARD  MARTIN  SCHAEFFER— Born  September  30,  1843, 
Jamaica,  L.  I.,  N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1868,  Columbian.  Hospital  Steward  and 
Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U:  S.  Army.  Dropped  from  membership  in  1886  ; 
reelected  Oct.  6,  1886.  Dropped  again  in  1899.  Son  of  Dr.  George  C. 
Schaeffer,  of  Washington. 

325.  ROBERT  HARRIS— M.  D.,  i860,  Univ.  Penna.  Brother  of  Dr. 
J.  O.  Harris,  supra.  Died  Dec.  26,  1880.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
Dec.  27,  1880,  and  Jan.  3,  i88r. 

326.  JAMES  SHIELDS  BE  ALE— Born  Nov.  14,  1844,  D.  C.  M.  D.. 
1869,  Georgetown.  Father  of  Dr.  R.  S.  Beale,  infra.  Died  Feb.  12, 
1S84,  of  apoplexy  at  Providence  Hospital,  Washington,  where  he  had 
gone  to  perform  an  operation.     Son  of  Robert  Beale.      Served   in   Mary- 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  3OI 

land  Battery,  C.  S.  Army.  After  graduating  in  medicine  attended  spe- 
cial courses  in  Paris,  Loudon  and  Vienna.  Afterwards  practiced  in  Wash- 
ington, preferably  doing  surgical  work.  Was  on  the  staff  of  Providence 
Hospital;  Prof.  Anatomy,  1876-1883,  Georgetown  Med.  School  ;  Profes- 
sor in  Washington  Training  School  for  Nurses  ;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D. 
C,  and  Washington  Obstet.  and  Gynecol.  Society.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  Feb.  13,  1884;  Maryland  Med.  Jour.,  1883-4,  X,  pp.  763  and 
835  ;  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  1884,  II,  p.  614. 

327.  WILLIAM  TYLER  RAMSEY— Born  April  18,  1847,  Frederick, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1871,  Columbian.  Dropped  from  membership  1878. 
Practiced  in  Washington,  until  July,  1S80  ;  was  then  appointed  Surgeon 
on  Pacific  Mail  Steamer.  Removed  to  Washington  Guernsey  County, 
Ohio,  May  i,  1881,  and  to  Cambridge,  the  county  seat,  April  i,  1883, 
where  he  has  since  practiced.     Member  U.  S.  Pension  Examining  Board. 

328.  GEORGE  MARTIN  KOBER— Born  March  28,  1850,  Alsfeld, 
Hesse  Darmstadt,  Germany.  M.  D.,  1873;  LL.  D.,  1906,  Georgetown. 
Educated  at  the  grand  ducal  Realschule  of  his  native  town.  In  April, 
1867,  emigrated  to  United  States  ;  secured  an  assignment  to  Hospital 
Corps  at  Carlisle  Barracks,  Penna.;  commenced  his  medical  studies  under 
Dr.  J.  J.  B.  Wright,  U.  S.  A.,  and  in  January,  1870,  was  appointed  Hos- 
pital Steward,  and  ordered  to  Frankford  Arsenal,  near  Philadelphia  ; 
there  he  continued  his  studies  until  October,  1871,  when  he  was  ordered 
to  duty  in  the  oflBce  of  the  Surgeon  General,  at  Washington.  He  stud- 
ied medicine  under  Drs.  Johnson  Eliot  and  Robert  Reyburn,  SJipra,  and 
was  the  first  graduate  of  a  post-graduate  course,  instituted  by  Drs. 
Thompson,  Busey,  Ashford  and  others,  at  the  Columbia  Hospital  for 
Women,  in  1873.  In  1S74  he  assisted  in  the  reorganization  of  the  Central 
Dispensary  and  in  providing  a  German-speaking  staff  for  the  benefit  of  his 
suffering  countrymen.  In  July,  1874,  he  was  appointed  Acting  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  was  Post  Surgeon  at  Alcatraz  Island,  Cal.,  to  November, 
1874  ;  Post  Surgeon,  Fort  McDermit,  to  July,  1877  ;  was  in  the  field,  in 
southeastern  Nevada,  expedition  against  the  Indians  in  the  fall  of  1875  ; 
and  in  the  Nez  Perces  expedition  and  in  charge  of  the  field  hospital  at 
Kamiah,  on  the  Clearwater,  Idaho,  from  July  to  October,  1877  ;  Post 
Surgeon  at  Camp  near  Spokane  Falls  and  Fort  Coeur  d'Alene,  to  Novem- 
ber, 1879;  Fort  Klamath,  Oregon,  to  June,  1S80;  and  at  Fort  Bidwell, 
Cal.,  to  November,  18S6.  While  at  Fort  Bidwell  was  engaged  extensively 
in  practice  among  civilians  until  June,  1887,  when  he  traveled  exten- 
sively in  this  country  and  Europe,  returning  to  Fort  Bidwell  in  1888. 
The  same  year  he  returned  to  Washington,  and  in  1889  was  appointed 
Professor  of  State  Medicine,  Georgetown  Med.  School.  In  August, 
1890,  was  a  member  of  the  loth  Interuat.  Med.  Congress,  Honorary  Sec- 


302  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

retary  of  one  of  its  sections.  In  December,  1890,  returned  to  Fort  Bid- 
well,  Cal.  In  1894  established  his  permanent  residence  in  Washington. 
Fellow  Amer.  Assn.  Advance.  Sci.;  Amer.  Assn.  Physicians;  Amer.  Med. 
Assn.;  Honorary  Member  Assn.  Military  Surgeons;  member  Medical  and 
Surgical  Society,  D.  C.  (President,  1889);  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  (President, 
1898)  ;  Washington  Academy  of  vSciences;  Washington  Anthropological 
Society  (President,  1907)  ;  President  of  Association  Amer.  Med.  Col- 
leges, 1906  ;  author  of  the  standard  medical  curriculum.  In  1890  he  di- 
rected attention  to  the  pollution  of  the  Potomac  water  as  a  factor  in  the 
undue  prevalence  of  typhoid  fever  in  Washington,  and  in  1895,  at  the 
request  of  the  Health  Officer  and  the  District  Commissioners,  he  investi- 
gated the  causes  of  typhoid  fever  in  Washington,  and  was  the  first  to 
point  out  the  agency  of  flies  in  carrying  the  germs.  His  report  was  pub- 
lished in  1895  ;  his  public  addresses  on  the  relations  of  water  supply  and 
sewers  to  the  health  of  the  city,  as  well  as  his  researches  into  the  relative 
merits  of  slow-sand  and  mechanical  filtration,  helped  to  secure  the 
necessary  sanitary  legislation  and  requisite  appropriation  by  Congress. 
One  of  the  principal  promoters  of  the  Washington  Sanitary  Improvement 
Company,  offering  to  capital  a  safe  5  per  cent,  investment  and  at  the 
same  time  securing  to  wage  earners,  and  others  of  moderate  resources, 
sanitary  homes  at  reasonable  rentals.  Has  been  a  member  of  the  con- 
sulting staffs  of  nearly  all  the  hospitals  in  this  city.  In  May,  1907,  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  President's  Homes  Commission;  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Social  Betterment,  prepared  a  monograph  on  Indus- 
trial hygiene  and  social  betterment,  published  in  1908  as  Senate  Docu- 
ment No.  644.  This,  with  his  monograph  on  Milk  in  relation  to  public 
health,  published  in  1902  as  Senate  Document  No.  441,  and  his  work  on 
Urinology  and  its  practical  applications,  are  his  most  important  writings. 
See  also  Conservation  of  life  and  health,  Washington,  1908  ;  History  and 
development  of  the  housing  movement  in  Washington,  Washington, 
1907.  In  1908  he  was  invited  to  represent  the  medical  profession  at  the 
Conference  on  the  Conservation  of  Natural  Resources,  held  at  the  White 
House,  Washington,  May  13th,  and  presented  an  address  on  The  con- 
servation of  life  and  health  by  improved  water  supply.  See  Who's 
Who  in  America  ;  Watson's  Biog.,  1896,  p.  46;  Amer.  Men  of  Science, 
1906;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  61. 

329.  JAMES  McVEAN  MACKALL— Son  of  Dr.  Louis  Mackall, 
supra.  Brother  of  Dr.  Louis  Mackall,  Jr.,  infra.  Born  Jan.  25,  1852, 
D.  C.  A.  B.,  1870,  A.  M.  and  M.  D.,  1873,  Georgetown.  Dropped,  1886, 
from  membership.  Was  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  in  Spanish-Amer- 
ican War.     Died  June  25,  1909. 

330.  LEWIS  E.  NEWTON— Born  Sept.  3,  1840,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1S6S, 
Georgetown.     Died  Feb.  3,  1889. 


DISTRICT     OF     COI.UMBIA  3O3 

331.  BENJAMIN  M.  BEALL— Born  April  17,  1854,  D.  C.  M.  D.. 
1873,  Georgetown.     Dropped  from  membership  in  1878.  • 

APRIL  7,  1873 

332.  HORACE  TURNBULL  PORTER— Born  March  ii,  1849,  Ches- 
ter, Pa.  M.  D.,  1870,  Georgetown.  Removed,  1878,  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  died  Aug.  14,  1879.  [Son  of  Dr.  James  Jefferson  Porter,  who 
practiced  for  years  in  Philadelphia,  but  removed  to  Washington  in  i860, 
and  of  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Dr.  Michael  L,eib,  of  Philadelphia.] 
Studied  medicine  with  his  father.  After  graduation  he  practiced  in 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  Sometime  physician  at  Columbia  Hospital  for 
Women,  Washington;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  sometime  Physician 
to  the  Poor.     See  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1881,  XXXII,  p.  538. 

333.  DAVID  BLAIR— Born  March  17,  1831,  Kippenross,  Scotland. 
Hospital  Steward,  U.  S.  Army.  M.  D.,  1872,  Howard.  Dropped  from 
membership  1S81.  Died  Nov.  25,  1885.  Served  in  U.  S.  Army  from  Oct. 
22,  1852,  to  Dec.  17,  1874,  for  twelve  years  as  Hospital  Steward.  Mar- 
ried Dec.  6,  1866.  Was  sometime  on  duty  at  Freedmen's  Hospital, 
Washington.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  118. 

334.  JAMES  MORSELL  GASSA WAY— Born  Jan.  7,  1848,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1872,  Columbian;  1882,  Jefferson.  Asst.  Surg.,  Passed  Asst.  .Surg., 
and  Surg.,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S. 

335.  ARTHUR  C.  ADAMS— Born  April  14,  1847,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  1870; 
A.  M.,  1873,  Univ.  Mich.  ;  M.  D.,  1873,  Columbian.  Shot  himself  at 
his  home,  Dec.  31,  1904,  while  laboring  under  mental  aberration,  and 
died  at  Providence  Hospital,  Jan.  i,  1905.  Served  in  24th  N.  Y.  Cavalry 
during  the  Civil  War.  Taught  some  time  at  Howard  University  before 
studying  medicine.  Was  Prosector  to  Chair  of  Anatomy,  Columbian 
Med.  College,  1878-9,  and  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  1879-89  ;  member 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  In  1878  married  a  Miss 
Schneider,  who  died  in  1888.  After  some  j^ears  interval  married  a  Miss 
Heitmuller.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan.  25  and  Feb.  i  and  15,  1905: 
Wash.  Med.  Annals,  May,  1905,  p.  136;  Lamb's  History,  p.  232. 

33G.  R.  ARNOLD  PAGE— Born  in  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1871,  Georgetown. 
Removed  to  New  York  City,  where  he  died  in  1878. 

337.  SMITH  TOWNSHEND— Born  Dec.  13,  1836,  Prince  George  Co., 
Md.  Capt.,  32d  111.  Vols.,  during  the  Civil  War.  M.  D.,  1870,  Colum- 
bian. Sometime  Health  Officer,  D.  C.  Died  Feb.  25,  1896.  See  Min- 
utes Med.  Society,  Feb.  26,  1896;  Nat.  Med.  Rev.,  1S96,  V,  p.  21. 


304  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

338.  JAMES  THOMAS  SOTHORON— Born  July  9,  1842,  near  Char- 
lotte Hall,  Md.  M.  D.,  1865,  Georgetown.  Med.  Cadet,  U.  S.  A.  Father 
of  Dr.  E.  H.  Sothoron,  infra.  Died  Sept.  27,  1897.  His  ancestors  were 
among  the  first  settlers  of  southern  Maryland.  He  was  educated  at  the 
grammar  school,  Washington  Select  School  and  Georgetown  College. 
In  1862  was  a  tutor  at  Charlotte  Hall.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Thos. 
Antisell,  supra.  After  graduation  practiced  in  Washington.  Member 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Assn.,  and  9th  Internat.  Medical  Con- 
gress ;  also  of  Board  of  Managers  of  Associated  Charities  ;  member  and 
many  years  Vestryman  and  Treasurer  of  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church. 
See  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  477;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Feb.  28,  1897; 
Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  192. 

339.  PARKE  GEORGE  YOUNG— Born  Feb.  21,  1S52.  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1872,  Georgetown.  Sometime  Ward  Physician.  Died  July  30,  1906. 
See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  3  and  24,  1906;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  V, 
1906,  p.  301. 

340.  JOHN  D.  PARSONS— Born  in  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1870,  Georgetown. 
Was  sometime  House  Physician  Central  Dispensary.  Dropped  from 
membership  1879.         Removed  to  Chicago,  111. 

341.  HENRY  A.  DUNCANSON— Born  March  4,  1847,  D.  C.  Ph.  B., 
1866,  (?)  M.  D.,  1870,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Army.  Died 
Jan.  28,  1878,  at  Las  Cruces,  N.  M.  Son  of  John  A.  M.  Duncanson,  one 
of  the  early  settlers  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  Educated  at  Colum- 
bian College.  After  graduation  in  medicine  practiced  in  Washington. 
After  being  appointed  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon  he  set  out  for  his  post  of 
duty,  but  died  on  the  way.  Member  of  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Buried  in 
Washington.  See  Trans.  A.  M.  A.,  1878,  XXIX,  p.  640  ;  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  Feb.  6,  1878. 

342.  DAVID  HENRY  HAZEN— Born  Aug.  10,  1846,  Upper  Mt. 
Bethel,  Northampton  Co.,  Pa.  M.  D.,  1873,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Dropped  from  membership  1880.  Reelected  April  15, 
1903.  Died  of  diabetes  Nov.  6,  1906.  Buried  at  his  birthplace.  Son  of 
David  B.  and  Susan  Depue  Hazen.  Educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  place,  and  Belvidere  Academy,  Belvidere,  N.  J.  Taught 
school  at  Upper  Nazareth,  Pa.,  and  in  Oxford  Township,  N.  J.  Came  to 
Washington  in  1S70.  Resident  Student  at  Washington  Asylum  two 
years,  and  also  at  Naval  Hospital.  Physician  to  the  Poor,  1873-1876. 
Sometime  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  on  duty  at  U.  S.  Arsenal,  Wash- 
ington, after  which  he  practiced  as  civil  phj'sician.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D. 
C;  Amer.  Med.  Assn.,  and  Board  of  Education,  and  Board  of  Trade,  D.  C. 


„««-iS2fi|5) 


77 


78 


DISTRICT     OF    COIvUMBIA  3O5 

Oct.  23,  1878,  married  Emma  Louise  Honeyman,  daughter  of  Robert  and 
Margaret  Honeyman,  of  New  Jersey.  A  son,  Dr.  H.  H.  Hazen,  is  now 
practicing  in  Washington.  See  History,  City  of  Washington,  1903,  p. 
448  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Nov.  14,  1906  ;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1906-7, 
V,  p.  410  ;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  203. 

OCTOBER  6,  1815 

343.  JOHN  WALTER— Born  Sept.  2,  1844,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1868, 
Georgetown.  Died  at  his  wife's  funeral,  Nov.  17,  1906.  Son  of  John 
Walter,  of  Washington,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  German  Orphan 
Asylum.  After  graduation  in  medicine  took  post-graduate  course  in 
Germany.  Was  several  years  Ward  Physician,  D.  C;  Prosector  of  Anat- 
omy, Georgetown  Med.  School ;  Physician,  Central  Dispensary,  Wash- 
ington; member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  Nov.  21,  1906;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1906-7,  V,  p.  411. 

344.  WILLIAM  LOVEJOY  NAYLOR— Born  May  20,  1844,  D.  C. 
Educated  at  Columbian  College.  M.  D.,  1,869,  Univ.  Maryland.  Was 
Ward  Physician  several  years.  Died  June  3,  1890.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  June  4,  1890. 

345.  RICHARD  G.  MAUSS— Born  Aug.  24,  1842,  in  Germany.  M. 
D.,  1872,  Georgetown.  Was  Ward  Physician  several  years.  While  in 
delirium  from  the  grippe  he  shot  himself,  and  died  May  2,  1891.  See 
Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  2,  1891. 

346.  EDMUND  A.  ZEVELY— Born  Feb.  24,  1845,  D,  C.  M.  D., 
1865,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  March  i,  1876. 
See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  2,  1876. 

APRIL    5,   1876 

347.  GEORGE  W.  OFFUTT— Born  in  1851,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1874, 
Georgetown.  Died  Sept.  13,  1878.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Sept.  14, 
1878. 

348.  THEODORE  MEAD— Born  Nov.  19,  1838,  Ontario,  N.  Y.  M. 
D.,  1869,  Georgetown.  Dropped  from  membership,  1881.  Sometime 
Inspector,  Health  Department,  W^ashington. 

349.  CHARLES  FRANKLIN  RAND— Born  Jan.  19,  1839,  Batavia, 
N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1873,  Georgetown.  Died  Oct.  14,  1908.  Educated  in  Bata- 
via. Sometime  reporter  on  New  Orleans  Picayune.  Said  to  have  been 
the  first  volunteer  in  the  Union  army  of  the  Civil  War,  No.  i  in  an  army 

20 


306  MEDICAI,     SOCIETY 

of  2,777,450  soldiers.  In  the  seven  days  battle  before  Richmond,  Va., 
he  was  shot  in  the  arm  and  captured;  six  inches  of  the  humerus  were  re- 
sected while  he  was  a  prisoner.  After  recovering  he  reentered  the  Army, 
V.  R.  Corps,  and  served  till  the  end  of  the  war.  After  graduating  in 
medicine  he  practiced  ten  years  in  Batavia,  afterwards  in  Washington. 
On  account  of  the  suffering  from  his  old  wound  he  finally  gave  up  prac- 
tice and  was  employed  in  the  Post  Office  Department  at  Washington. 
See  Army  and  Navy  Magazine,  July,  1906,  p.  5  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
Oct.  14  and  28,  1908;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1908-9,  VII,  p.  386. 

350.  JOHN  ELY  BRACKETT— Born  Dec.  31,  1846,  Rochester,  Ind. 
M.  D.,  1870,  Columbian;  1873,  Ludwig  Maximilian  Univ.,  Bavaria.  Act- 
ing Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Dropped  from  membership,  1881  ;  reelected 
Oct.  3,  1894.  Son  of  Lyman  S.  and  Eliza  Ann  Rannells  Brackett.  De- 
scended paternally  from  early  colonists  of  New  England,  and  maternally 
from  Virginians.  Educated  at  the  public  schools  and  Emerson  Insti- 
tute, Washington,  and  the  Norwalk  (Conn.)  Academy.  After  gradua- 
tion in  medicine  he  practiced  for  two  years  at  Rochester.  1872  and  1S73 
were  spent  in  Europe,  at  Munich,  Vienna,  London,  etc.  Since  1S74  has 
practiced  in  Washington.  Was  Resident  Student,  Washington  Asylum 
Hospital,  1868;  House  Physician,  Providence  Hospital,  Washington,  1874 
to  1878;  Physician  to  the  Poor,  1874-8;  member  of  Board  of  Pension  Ex- 
aminers, 1886  to  1890;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Served  July-August, 
1864,  in  the  Home  Guard,  Washington;  in  1880-2  was  Surgeon,  National 
Guard,  Washington  ;  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  in  1898-9,  on  U.  S.  Hospital 
Ship  Missouri,  visiting  the  islands  of  Porto  Rico  and  Cuba.  Married, 
Nov.  21,  1878,  Jeanie  Deans  Foster,  of  Fairfax  Co.,  Va.  Professor,  1877 
to  1891,  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  and  1891  to  1908,  of  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine,  Med.  Dept.  Howard  University,  Washington.  See  At- 
kinson's Biog.,  1878,  p.  366;  Lamb's  History,  p.  123. 

351.  AUSTIN  BROCKENBROUGH— Born  Aug.  4,  1846,  Chatham, 
Westmoreland  Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  187 1,  Columbian.  Grandson  of  Dr. 
Austin  Brockenbrough,  of  Rappahannock,  Va.,  and  son  of  John  Fauntle- 
roy  Brockenbrough,  of  Chatham.  Was  a  cadet  at  Virginia  Mil.  Inst. 
Was  in  the  Signal  Corps  and  later  in  the  Secret  Service,  C.  S.  A.  After 
the  Civil  War  he  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Joshua  Riley,  supra.  Began 
to  practice  with  Dr.  Louis  Ritchie,  supra,  in  Georgetown  ;  afterwards 
was  associated  with  Dr.  S.  C.  Busey,  supra;  was  connected  with  the  Co- 
lumbia Hospital  for  Women,  Outdoor  Physician  of  the  Dispensary;  Ward 
Physician;  member  of  staff  of  Central  Dispensary.  Spent  two  years  in 
Europe,  mainly  in  Paris,  attending  clinical  lectures.  Returned  to  Wash- 
ington and  resumed  practice.  Removed,  in  1878,  to  Northampton  Co., 
Va.,  where  he  has  since  been  practicing. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  3O7 

352.  WINFIELD  PETER  LAWYER— Born  Nov.  28,  1848,  Stevenson 
Co.,  111.  M.  D.,  1874,  Columbian.  Dropped  from  membership,  18S6. 
Died  Aug.  29,  1891,  at  St.  Elizabeth  Asylum,  D.  C.  Author  of  Tables 
for  practical  examination  of  urine,  etc. ,^ Washington,  1885. 

OCTOBER  4,  1876 

353.  DANIEL  JAMES  KELLY— Born  Sept.  20,  1843,  Kilkenny,  Ire- 
land. Graduated,  1863,  Stonyhurst  College,  England.  A.  M.,  1873;  M. 
D.,  1875,  Georgetown.  For  many  years  an  Examiner  in  the  U.  S.  Patent 
Office,  Washington.  Resigned  from  Med.  Society,  Jan.  20,  1909.  Edu- 
cated at  Kilkenny  College  and  at  Stonyhurst.  Studied  chemistry  at 
University  College,  London,  and  medicine  with  Mr,  Bradley,  F.  R.  C.  S., 
Manchester,  England.  Was  first  assistant  in  Stonyhurst  Observatory. 
Sometime  Prof.  Chemistry  and  Physiology  in  Georgetown  University, 
and  Prof.  Chemistry  and  Toxicology  in  Georgetown  Med.  School;  mem- 
ber Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.     See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  204. 

354.  BENJAMIN  BELA  ADAMS— Born  August  15,  185 1,  Havre, 
France.  M.  D.,  1875,  Howard  ;  1876,  Georgetown.  Dropped  from 
membership  in  1890.  Died  Jan.  25,  1897.  Son  of  Rev.  Ezra  Eastman 
Adams,  the  English  and  American  Agent  at  Havre,  during  the  Crimean 
War.  Attended  Freehold  (N.  J.)  Academy,  and  Crosby's  Academy, 
Nassau,  N.  H.  Taught  school  at  Coleraine,  Pa.  After  graduation  prac- 
ticed medicine  in  Washington  until  his  death.  Married  Ella  D.  Taylor. 
Had  a  brother,  a  physician.  Dr.  J.  O.  Adams,  of  W^ashington.  See 
Lamb's  History,  p,  144. 

APRIL  4,  1877 

355.  GEORGE  S.  KING— M.  D.,  1857,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  N.  Y.  ;  1S59, 
N.  O.  School  of  Medicine.  Removed  from  D.  C.  Not  known  what  be- 
came of  him. 

356.  WM.  MEADE  PAGE— Born  June  13,  183 1,  Millwood,  Va.  At- 
tended University  Virginia,  going  thence  in  1853  to  Univ.  Penna., 
where  he  graduated  M.  D.,  in  1855.  Served  as  Asst.  Surgeon  and  Passed 
Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Navy.  Surgeon,  C.  S.  Navy,  and  also  served  in  C. 
S.  Cavalry,  1861-5.  Married  in  1865  ;  was  a  farmer  in  Virginia  for 
some  years  ;  was  in  Washington  in  1876-7,  and  for  some  time  in  charge 
of  the  Smallpox  Hospital.  Resigned  from  Med.  Society,  Oct.  3,  1877. 
Went  to  California  and  practiced  medicine  there  till  1900.  Returned  to 
Virginia  and  died  in  Fauquier  Co.,  May  8,   1906. 


308  MEDICAI.    SOCIETY 

APRIL  3,  1878 

357.  CLAYTON  AUGUSTUS  HOOVER— Born  Feb.  25,  1853,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1875,  Columbian.  Removed  in  1880  to  Montpelier,  Idaho.  Local 
Surgeon  to  Union  Pacific  and  Oregon  Short  Line  R.  R.,  1882-1905;  since 
July  5,  1905,  Medical  Supt.  of  Idaho  State  Insane  Asylum,  Blackfoot, 
Idaho. 

3.58.  HAMILTON  E.  LEACH— Born  March  10,  1850,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1872,  Georgetown.  Died  of  tuberculosis,  May  9,  1893.  After  graduation 
he  practiced  in  Washington.  He  is  best  remembered  as  an  efficient  or- 
ganizer and  chief  of  Hospital  Committee  during  the  Grand  Army  En- 
campment, Washington,  1892.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  10,  1893; 
Nat.  Med.  Review,  1S93-4,  II,  p.  49. 

APRIL  2,  1879 

359.  SWAN  MOSES  BURNETT— Born  March  16,  1847,  Newmarket, 
Tenn.  M.  D.,  1870,  Bellevue  ;  Ph.  D.,  1890,  Georgetown.  Died  Jan.  18, 
1906.  After  graduation  in  medicine  practiced  in  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  until 
he  removed  to  Washington,  in  1876.  Prof.  Ophthalmology  and  Otolog}', 
Georgetown  Univ.,  from  1879;  President  Attending  Staff  Central  Dispen- 
sary and  Emergency  Hospital;  member  of  staff  of  Children's  and  Provi- 
dence Hospitals;  member  Washington  Academy  Sciences  and  Philosoph- 
ical and  Anthropological  Societies,  Washington.  Said  to  have  been  the 
first  to  introduce  Japanese  art  into  this  countr}\  Married  Miss  Frances 
Eliza  Hodgson,  the  authoress.  They  were  divorced;  he  afterward  married 
Miss  Margaret  Brady,  of  Washington.  Author  of  Translation  of  Lan- 
dolt's  manuel  d'ophthalmoscopie,  Philadelphia,  1879  ;  Diseases  of  con- 
junctiva and  sclera,  Norris  and  Oliver's  System  of  Diseases  of  Ej^e,  Phil- 
adelphia, 1898;  Principles  of  refraction,  Philadelphia,  1904.  See  also  J. 
S.  Billings,  National  Medical  Dictionar)',  Philadelphia,  1890;  E.  Landolt, 
The  introduction  of  the  metrical  system  into  ophthalmology,  London, 
1S76.  See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  187;  Who's  Who  in  America; 
Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan.  24, 
1906;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1906-7,  V,  p.  57;  Georgetown  University, II, 
P-  95- 

SfiO.  WALTER  SCOTT  WELLS-M.  D.,  1854,  Univ.  City  New  York. 
Editor  of  Summary  of  Medical  Science,  1861  ;  also  Editor  National 
Medical  Review,  Washington,  1878-9.  Author  of  Epitome  of  Braith- 
waite's  Retrospect,  etc.,  2  Vols.,  N.  Y.,  i860.  Removed,  1881,  to  N.  Y. 
City,  where  he  died  March  4,  1897.  Was  member  of  N.  Y.  Co.  Med. 
Assn. 


DISTRICT    OF     COLUMBIA  3O9 

301.  WILLIAM  LAUCK  HUDSON— Born  July  20,  1850,  Luray,  Va. 
M.  D.,  1874,  Louisville  Med.  College.  Removed,  18S1,  from  D.  C,  to 
Luray,  where  he  practices  medicine  and  was  sometime  Coroner. 

362.  HARRY  CRECY  YARROW— Born  Nov.  19,  1840,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  M.  D.,  1861,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg.,  5th  Pa.  Cavalry.  Acting 
Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  Son  of  John  and  Caroline  Crecy  Yarrow.  Edu- 
cated at  private  schools  in  Philadelphia,  and  Geneva,  Switzerland.  Stud- 
ied medicine  with  Drs.  J.  L.  Ludlow  and  J.  J.  Woodward,  Philadelphia. 
Was  Med.  Examiner  of  Recruits  from  April  to  July,  1861.  Served  with 
5th  Penna.  Cavalry  till  Jan.,  1862.  Afterwards  Executive  Officer  in  Mil- 
itary Hospital,  Philadelphia.  In  1866,  served  with  troops  at  Atlanta, 
Ga.,  and  Tybee  Island,  Ga.,  during  a  cholera  epidemic,  and  in  1867,  in 
a  similar  epidemic  in  New  York  Harbor.  In  1872-6  was  Surgeon  and 
Naturalist  in  the  Wheeler  exploring  expedition.  On  duty  in  1876  at  the 
Exposition  in  Philadelphia.  1877-1888  on  duty  at  Army  Med.  Museum, 
Surgeon  General's  Library  and  Soldiers'  Home  Hospital,  Washington, 
1888-1893  at  the  Army  Dispensary,  Washington.  Has  also  been  connected 
with  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington,  1872-80.  Member  of  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Assn.;  Anthropolog.  and  Philosoph.  Societies, 
Washington  ;  N.  Y.  Society  Natural  History  ;  Amer.  Assn.  Adv.  Science; 
Zoological  Society,  London,  etc.  Professor  Dermatology,  George  Wash- 
ington Univ.  Med.  Dept.,  and  Consulting  Surgeon  to  several  hospitals. 
Married,  April  10,  1862,  Miss  Anna  Provand  Dryburgh,  Philadelphia. 
Author  of  Introduction  to  the  study  of  mortuary  customs  among  the 
North  American  Indians,  Washington,  1880.  See  also  Report  of  Geolog- 
ical Surveys,  1879  I  Reference  handbook  medical  sciences  ;  Proceedings 
U.  S.  Nat.  Museum  ;  also  publications  of  Coues,  Henshaw  and  Roth- 
rock  ;  and  Billings  Nat.  Med.  Diet.,  1890.  See  Appleton's  Biog.,  1889, 
VI,  p.  638  ;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  705  ;  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Wat- 
son's  Biog.,    1896,  p,  683;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

363.  JOHN  HARRY  THOMPSON,  Jr.— Son  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Thompson, 
supra.  Born  June  i,  1852,  London,  England.  M.  D.,  1875,  Georgetown; 
1877,  College  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York.  Removed,  1882,  to 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

364.  HENRY  DAVIDSON  FRY— Born  April  11,  1853,  Richmond, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1876,  Univ.  Maryland.  Of  English  descent;  among  his  an- 
cestors was  Col.  Joshua  Fry,  of  the  Virginia  Colonial  period.  Dr,  Fry 
was  the  son  of  Hugh  Walker  Fry,  Jr.,  of  Richmond,  and  Mary  L.  David- 
son, daughter  of  John  Davidson,  of  Georgetown,  D.  C.  Educated  in 
Richmond  and  Washington.  After  graduating  in  medicine  was  Interne 
in  Jersey  City  Charity  Hospital.     Since  1878  has  practiced  in  Washing- 


3IO  MEDICAI.    SOCIETY 

ton  ;  for  fourteen  years  was  associated  with  Dr.  W.  W.  Johnston,  supra. 
In  1890  spent  some  time  in  European  hospitals  ;  in  1890,  also,  he  did  the 
first  successful  Ciesarean  operation  in  this  District;  he  also  did  the  first 
successful  symphysiotomy  in  the  District.  Prof.  Obstetrics,  Georgetown 
Med.  School  ;  Attending  Gynecologist  and  Obstetrician  at  Garfield  Hos- 
pital ;  sometime  Obstetrician  to  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women ;  some- 
time President  Washington  Obstet.  and  Gynecolog.  Society  ;  member  of 
local  and  national  medical  societies  ;  Vice-President  Amer.  Gynecolog. 
Society,  1904.  Author  of  Maternity,  Washington,  1907.  See  History 
City  of  Washington,  1903,  p.  431  ;  Who's  Who  in  America;  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

OCTOBER  8,  18*39 

365.  FRANCK  HYATT— Born  March  28,  1851,  Bladensburg,  Md.  M. 
D.,  1872,  Univ.  Maryland.  Member  Amer.  Laryngological  Society,  and 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C. 

36().  WILLIAM  OCTAVIUS  EVERSFIELD— Born  Nov.  4,  1840, 
College  Park,  Md.  M.  D.,  i860,  Univ.  Va.;  1861,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting 
Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Removed,  1880,  to  Branchville,  Md.  Died  Jan. 
20,  1908,  at  College  Park,  from  influenza.  Educated  at  Edge  Hill  School, 
Princeton,  N.  J.,  and  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md.  Attended 
Agnew's  School  of  Surgery,  Philadelphia;  was  Surgeon  at  Blockley  and 
U.  S.  Military  Hospitals,  Philadelphia;  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A., 
during  Civil  War;  Surgeon,  Panama  Railroad,  1866-7;  Surgeon,  Pacific 
Mail  S.  S.  Co.  Removed  to  Washington  about  1878.  Ex-President  Med. 
Assn.,  Prince  George  Co.,  Md.  Was  in  Panama  during  an  epidemic  of 
yellow  fever  ;  contracted  the  disease  and,  after  recovery,  returned  to 
Maryland.     See  Maryland  Med.  Jour.,  190S,  LI,  p.  439. 

APRIL  1,  1880 

367.  STEPHEN  OLIN  RICHEY— Born  April  12,  1849,  Woodstock, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1876,  Chicago  Med.  College.  Son  of  Rev.  Francis  Hartman 
and  Eliza  Jones  Richey.  Educated  at  private  school  and  by  tutors. 
Taught  sometime  a  country  school  and  read  law.  Studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  Nicholas  Brewer,  of  Dawsonville,  Md.  Asst.  Aural  Surgeon  to 
several  hospitals  in  Chicago,  1876-8.  Since  1878  has  practiced  ophthal- 
mology and  otology  in  Washington  ;  sometime  Ophthalmic  and  Aural 
Surgeon,  Providence  Hospital  ;  member  Amer.  Med.  Assn.;  Amer.  Oph- 
thalmolog.  Society;  American  Otolog.  Society;  Washington  Biolog.  So- 
ciety ;  Congress  Amer.  Phys.  and  Surgeons  since  1888  ;  International 
Med.  Congress  ;  Amer.  Public  Health  Association  ;   Washington  Philo- 


DISTRICT    OF    COIvUMBIA  3II 

sophical  Society.  Married,  in  1878,  Miss  Sarah  R.  White,  who  died  the 
following  year.  In  1884  married  Mina,  daughter  of  Hon.  Montgomery 
Blair,  and  granddaughter  of  Francis  Preston  Blair.  See  Watson's  Biog., 
1896,  p.  387. 

368.  ETHELBERT  CARROLL  MORGAN— Born  Feb.  10,  1856,  D. 
C.  Son  of  Dr.  J.  E.  Morgan,  supra  ;  brother  of  Dr.  J.  D.  Morgan,  infra. 
A.  B.,  1874,  Gonzaga,  D.  C.  ;  M.  D.,  1877,  Univ.  Penna.  ;  Ph.  D.,  1889, 
Georgetown.  President,  1888,  Amer.  Laryngolog.  Association.  Died 
May  5,  1891.  In  childhood  he  showed  a  decidedly  mechanical  turn. 
After  graduating  in  medicine  spent  some  months  in  Vienna,  Paris  and 
London,  in  laryngological  study.  Began  to  practice  in  Washington  in 
1879.  Sometime  Prof.  Laryngology,  Georgetown  Med.  School  ;  member 
of  many  medical  organizations.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  7,  1891 ; 
Trans.  Amer.  Laryngological  Assn.,  1891  (1892),  XIII,  p.  147;  Busey's 
Reminiscences,  p.  197;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  121. 

369.  FREDERICK  C.  VAN  VLIET— M.  D.,  1876,  Univ.  Vermont. 
Resigned  Oct.  25,  1882.     Removed,  1883,  to  Red  Bank,  N.  J. 

370.  HARRISON  CROOK— Born  April  13,  1850,  Prince  George  Co., 
Md.     M.  D.,  1878,  Georgetown. 

371.  LACHLAN  TYLER— Son  of  John  Tyler,  President  of  the 
United  vStates.  Born  Dec.  7,  1851,  Charles  City  County,  Va.  M.  D., 
1876,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y.  Removed,  Nov.  23,  1888,  to  Elkhorn, 
W.  Va.,  to  become  Surgeon  of  a  mining  company.  Afterward  to  N. 
Y.  City,  where  he  died  Jan.  27,  1902.  One  of  the  founders  of 
Eastern  Dispensary,  Washington  ;  Attending  Physician,  Protestant 
Orphan  Asylum.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Assn.; 
Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecolog.  Society.  Examining  Surgeon  for  Pen- 
sions ;   Deputy  Coroner,  D.  C. 

372.  HENRY  M ARTEL  NEWMAN— Son  of  Dr.  W.  G.  H.  Newman, 
supra.  Born  Aug.  19,  1856,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1876,  Georgetown.  Dropped, 
1886,  from  membership  ;  reelected  April  3,  1895.  Educated  at  Rock 
Hill  College,  Md.,  and  Spencerian  Business  College,  Washington. 
Sometime  Physician  to  the  Poor,  D.  C;  Attending,  afterwards  Consult- 
ing Physician,  Providence  Hospital  ;  Attending  Physician,  St.  Ann's 
Infant  Asylum.     Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.   and  Amer.  Med.  Assn. 

OCTOBER  13,  1880 

373.  SAMUEL  SHUGERT  ADAMS— Born  July  12,  1853,  D.  C.  A. 
B.,  1875;  A.  M.,  1878,  Univ.  West  Va.;  M.  D.,  1879,  Georgetown.  Presi- 
dent, 1900-1,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  sometime  President  Amer.  Pediatric  So- 


312  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

ciety.  Son  of  George  Roszell  and  Mary  Ann  Adams.  Since  graduation  in 
medicine  has  practiced  in  Washington.  Has  lectured  in  the  medical 
schools  of  Georgetown  Universitj',  National  University  and  Columbian 
University,  and  at  present  holds  the  Chair  of  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Children  in  Georgetown  University.  Attending 
Physician,  Children's  Hospital  and  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital ;  Consult- 
ing Physician,  Sibley  Hospital,  Georgetown  University  Hospital,  Wash- 
ington Hospital  for  Foundlings  and  Woman's  Hospital  and  Dispen- 
sary. Member  of  Congress  of  Amer.  Phj'sicians;  Amer.  Pediat.  Society; 
Amer.  Med.  Assn.  and  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecolog. 
Society;  W^ashington  Acad.  Sciences.  Married,  April  30,  1890,  Lida 
Winslow  HoUister.  Author  of  Evolution  of  pediatric  literature  in  U.  S., 
Washington,  1897.  See  Med.  Mirror,  St.  Louis,  1893,  IV,  p.  380;  Who's 
Who  in  America  ;  American  Men  of  Science,  1906;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct., 
1908. 

374.  THOMAS  HENRY  TROTT— Born  Oct.  i,  1843,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1867,  Georgetown  ;  1869,  Bellevue.  Resident  Physician,  Providence 
Hospital.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  April  23,  1S96.  See  Min- 
utes Med.  Society,  April  29  and  May  6,  1896. 

375.  THOMAS  EUGENE  McARDLE— Born  April  12,  1852,  D.  C. 
A.  B.,  1874;  A.  M.,  1879,  St.  Mary's  University,  Baltimore.  M.  D., 
1879,  Georgetown.  Co-editor  of  National  Medical  Review.  Son  of 
Owen  and  Ann  Toumey  McArdle.  After  graduation  in  medicine, 
practiced  in  Washington.  Married,  June  14,  1888,  Marion  V.  Thompson, 
daughter  of  Dr.  J.  Ford  Thompson,  supra.  Was  Asst.  Editor,  Washington 
Retrospect,  1880 ;  Co-editor  and  Publisher,  National  Medical  Review 
from  1898.  Member  Washington  Acad.  Sciences;  Med.  Assn.  D.  C; 
Amer.  Med.  Assn.;  Medalist,  Georgetown  Med.  School.  See  Who's 
Who  in  America  ;  Amer.  Biog.  Directory,  Washington,  1908. 

APRIL  6,  1881 

376.  GEORGE  WYTHE  COOK— Born  at  Front  Royal,  Va.,  Oct.  28, 
1846.  [Son  of  Giles  Cook  (a  distinguished  lawyer  of  the  Valley  of  Vir- 
ginia) and  Elizabeth  (Van  Meter  Lane)  Cook.  Descended  on  paternal 
side  from  Mordecai  Cooke,  who  came  from  England  and  settled  at 
"  Mordecai's  Mount,"  Gloucester  Co.,  Va.,  in  1650.  His  maternal  progen- 
itors emigrated  from  Holland  and  settled  in  Ulster  Co.,  New  York,  in 
1662.  The  Van  Meters  became  large  land  owners  in  New  Jersey,  Penn- 
sylvania, Maryland  and  the  Valley  of  Virginia.]  Educated  at  the  Front 
Royal  Academy.  Served  in  the  7th  Virginia  Cavalry,  C.  S.  A.;  severely 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Hawe's  Shop,  Hanover  Co.,  Va.,  May  28,  1864. 


79 


DISTRICT     OF    COI^UMBIA  3I3 

Graduated  from  Med.  Dept.,  Univ.  Maryland,  1869,  and  was  an  Interne 
in  the  Hospital  of  that  University.  Began  practice  at  Front  Royal,  and 
after  two  and  a  half  years  removed  to  Upperville,  Fauquier  Co.,  Va., 
where  he  continued  practice  for  seven  years,  removing  to  Washington  in 
1878.  In  1890,  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  the  National  Univer- 
sity, in  the  medical  department  of  which  institution  he  was  formerly 
Professor  of  Physiology.  Was  Attending  Physician  to  George  Washing- 
ton Univ.  Hospital;  Physician  to  Washington  Home  for  Incurables; 
President  Board  of  Med.  Examiners,  D.  C;  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A., 
stationed  at  Washington  during  the  Spanish-American  war.  Is  Professor 
Clin.  Med.,  George  Washington  University  ;  Attending  Physician  Gar- 
field Memorial  Ho.spital  ;  Physician  to  Louise  Home  ;  Consulting  Physi- 
cian, Government  Hospital  for  Insane  ;  Consulting  Physician,  Episcopal 
Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital ;  Treasurer,  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeial  Conven- 
tion ;  member  Amer.  Med.  Association  ;  of  Medical  Association,  D.  C, 
President,  1897-8,  Chairman  of  its  Board  of  Counsellors  and  its  Delegate  to 
the  Amer.  Med.  Association  ;  member  Washington  Obstet.  and  Gyneco- 
log.  Society,  President,  1902-3  (two  terms).  Corresponding  Secretary, 
1887-91,  and  Recording  Secretary,  1891-6  ;  Association  Military  Surgeons 
of  United  States  ;  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.  Honorary  member 
Clinico-Patholog.  Society.  Author  of  a  number  of  medical  papers  and 
monographs  published  in  various  current  medical  journals.  Member 
Medical  History  Club.  See  Report  on  typhoid  fever,  Med.  Society,  1894. 
In  1877,  married  Rebecca  Lloyd,  daughter  of  Richard  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of 
Alexandria  Co.,  Va.  Has  one  son.  Dr.  Richard  Lloyd  Cook,  infra.  See 
Who's  Who  in  America  ;  National  Medical  Review,  1892-3,  I,  p.  184  ; 
Univ.  Maryland,  Cordell,  p.  337  ;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

377.  ORLANDO  CRISMAN  KETCHAM— Born  Jan.  30,  1839.  North- 
umberland, Co.,  Pa.  M.  D.,  1871,  Georgetown.  Dropped,  1886,  from 
membership.  Sometime  Physician  to  the  Poor,  D.  C;  afterwards  clerk 
in  the  departmental  service.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  July  30, 
1892,  in  D.  C. 

NOVEMBER  2,  1881 

378.  ALEXANDER  MILLER  STOUT— Born  July  26,  1853,  Louis- 
ville, Ky.     M.  D.,  1880,  Georgetown.     Removed,  1882,  to  Chicago,  111. 

379.  BENJAMIN  GEORGE  POOL— Born  Aug.  24,  1854,  Fairfax 
County,  Va.  M.  D.,  1879,  Columbian.  Sometime  Inspector,  Health 
OflBce,  D.  C.     Co-editor,  Washington  Med.  Annals. 

380.  HORATIO  RIPLEY  BIGELOW— Born  June  18,  1844,  Boston, 
Mass.  Lieut.,  U.  S.  Marine  Corps.  M.  D.,  1879,  Columbian.  Removed, 
about    1883,   to   Philadelphia.     Sometime  U.  S.  Consul,  Rouen,  France. 


314  MEDICAl,    SOCIETY 

Died  Feb.  20,  1909,  in  D.  C.  Buried  at  Boston,  Mass.  Author  of 
Hydrophobia,  Philadelphia,  1881  ;  Gynecological  electro-therapeutics, 
London,  1889;  also  German  translation,  1890;  Plain  talks  on  electricity 
and  batteries,  etc.,  Philadelphia,  1891.  See  also.  International  system  of 
electro-therapeutics,  Philadelphia,  1894  and  1901. 

APRIL    12,   1882 

381.  FRANCIS  BOOTT  LORING— Born  July  18,  1850,  Boston,  Mass. 
M.  D.,  1874,  Harvard.  Member  Amer.  Ophthalmol.  Society;  Amer.  Oto- 
log.  Society;  Internat.  Ophthalmol.  Society;  Pan-American  Ophthalmol, 
and  Otolog.  Society  ;  Amer.  Med.  Association.  Late  Professor  Diseases 
Eye  and  Ear,  National  Med.  College,  Washington  ;  Surgeon  in  charge 
Washington  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  ;  late  on  staff  New  York  Eye  and 
Ear  Infirmary.  Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  Providence  Hospital ;  Ophthalmic 
and  Aural  Surgeon,  Children's  Hospital;  Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  St.  Ann's 
Infant  Asylum  ;  U.  S.  Expert  in  Guiteau  and  Star  Route  cases  ;  Con- 
sulting Surgeon,  Diseases  of  Eye  and  Ear,  to  Woman's  Dispensary. 
Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Alternate  Delegate  to  Congress  of  American 
Physicians  and  Surgeons.  See  E.  G.  Loring's  Text  Book  of  Ophthalmol- 
ogy, N.  Y.,  1891. 

382.  WILLIAM  NICHOLSON— Born  May  16,  1853,  Camden,  Ark. 
M.  D.,  1879,  Columbian.  Removed,  1886,  to  Massachusetts,  where  he 
died  Oct.  3,  1896.  Sometime  Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  St.  Ann's  Infant 
Asylum,  Washington;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C. 

383.  GEORGE  NICHOLAS  ACKER— Born  Oct.  5,  1S52,  D.  C.  A.  B., 
1872;  A.  M.,  1875,  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettj-sburg  ;  M.  D.,  1874,  Co- 
lumbian ;  1877,  Univ.  Berlin.  President,  1902-3,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Son 
of  Nicholas  Acker,  of  Washington.  Since  graduation  in  medicine  has 
practiced  in  Washington.  Clinical  Professor  of  Medicine  and  Diseases 
of  Children,  Columbian  Med.  College;  member  Med.  Association,  D.  C; 
President  Gynecolog.  and  Obstet.  Society,  D.  C.  ;  member  Amer.  Med. 
Assn.;  Amer.  Pediatric  Society;  Amer.  Microscop.  Society;  Washington 
Acad.  Sciences;  Anthropolog.  Society,  Washington.  See  Who's  Who  in 
America. 

384.  WM.  VINCENT  MARMION— Born  May  27,  1843,  Harper's 
Ferry,  Va.  A.  B.,  1859,  Emmettsburg,  Md.  A.  M.,  1883,  Georgetown  ; 
M.  D.,  1866,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg,  and  Passed  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S. 
Navy,  ,  1866-71.  Dropped,  1902,  from  membership  in  Med.  Society. 
Pursued  the  study  of  medicine  sometime  at  the  Univ.  Vienna.     Began 


DISTRICT    OF    COt,UMBIA  315 

practice  in  Washington  in  1872  ;  specialty,  ophthalmology.  For  many 
years  Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  Children's  Hospital,  Washington.  See 
Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  312  ;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  315. 

OCTOBER  4,  1882 

385.  ADOLPH  AUGUST  HOEHLING— Born  March  5,  1839,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  M.  p.,  i860,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surgeon,  Surgeon  and 
Med.  Inspector,  U.  S.  Navy.  Resigned  from  Med.  Society,  Nov.  17, 
1896.     See  Hamersly's  Officers  of  Navy,  p.  257. 

38(;.  WILLIAM  FRANCIS  BYRNS— Born  Aug.  6,  1847,  Bolton, 
Mass.  A.  B.,  1868,  A.  M.,  1890,  Holy  Cross  College,  Worcester,  Mass. 
M.  D.,  1873,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Jeremiah  and  Catherine  Murray 
Byrns.  Educated  in  public  schools.  Came  to  Washington  about  1872. 
Practiced  in  Manchester,  N.  H.,  1874  to  1878  ;  member  of  School  Board, 
and  N.  H.  Med.  Society.  Returned  to  Washington  in  1878,  since  which 
has  practiced  here.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer.  Med.  Assn. 
Married  Miss  Anna  R.  French  ;  afterwards  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Berry.  See 
Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  200. 

387.  JAMES  CLARK  BIRD— Born  July  i,  1828,  Delaware.  A.  B., 
1849;  A.  M.,  1852,  Delaware  College,  Newark,  Del.  M.  D.,  1853, 
Univ.  Penna.  Dropped  from  membership  1885  ;  reelected  April  7, 
1886.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  Dec.  5,  1904.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  Dec.  7  and  14,  1904;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1904-5,  III, 
p.  454. 

OCTOBER  3, 1883 

888.  HENRY  LOWRY  EMILIUS  JOHNSON— Born  Nov.  11,  1858, 
D.  C.  M.  D.,  1882,  Columbian.  President,  1901-2,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C. 
Trustee,  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  Son  of  Henry  L.  and  Emily  E.  Johnson  ; 
nephew  of  Charles  Goodjear,  patentee  of  India  rubber.  Since  grad. 
nation  in  medicine,  Dr.  Johnson  has  practiced  in  Washington.  Some- 
time Prof.  Gynecology,  Med.  Dept.,  Columbian  University,  D.  C.  ; 
connected  with  various  hospitals.  Vice  President,  International  Execu- 
tive Commission,  Third  Pan-American  Med.  Congress  ;  Chairman,  Com- 
mittee on  National  Legislation,  Amer.  Med.  Association  ;  member 
Amer.  Therapeutic  Society  ;  Vice  President  Pan-American  Medical 
Congress  ;  Vice  President  First,  Second  and  Third  International  Sanitary 
Conventions  of  American  Republics.  Member  Chicago,  111.,  Med. 
Society ;  Deputy  Governor  Society  Colonial  Wars  ;  member  Society 
Descendants  Colonial  Wars.    Married  Miss  Eugenie  Reel  Taylor,  of  St. 


31 6  MEDICAI^     SOCIETY 

Louis,  Mo.  See  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Wash- 
ington, 1908  ;  Genealogy  of  the  Goodyear  family  ;  Americans  of  gentle 
birth  and  their  ancestors. 

389.  JOSIAH  ROBSON  BROMWELL— Born  Sept.  10,  1843,  Freder- 
ick Co.,  Md.     M.  D.,  1871,  Univ.  Maryland. 

390.  GEORGE  BYRD  HARRISON— Born  Aug.  30,  1844,  Ampthill, 
Cumberland  Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1879,  Univ.  Va.  President,  1894-5,  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C.  Died  July  19,  1898,  Cape  May,  N.  J.  Son  of  Wm.  Byrd 
Harrison,  of  "Brandon,"  on  the  James  River,  Va.,  and  Mary  Randolph 
Harrison,  of  "Clifton,"  Cumberland  Co.,  Va.  Educated  under  private 
tutors,  at  William  and  Mary  College,  Williamsburg,  and  Washington 
College,  Va.  Served  in  the  C.  S.  A.,  1863-5,  after  which  he  farmed  for 
awhile.  After  graduation  in  medicine  he  attended  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  and  Univ.  City  of  New  York,  and  private  courses. 
Began  practice  in  Washington  in  1880.  Member  Washington  Obstet. 
and  Gynecolog.  Society,  for  two  years  its  president ;  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  Washington,  and  of  the  Eastern  Dispen- 
sary ;  Physician  to  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital  ;  member  of  staff  and 
Board  of  Directors,  Central  Dispensary  and  Emergency  Hospital  ;  Physi- 
cian to  Washington  City  Orphan  Asylum  from  1882  till  his  death;  Physi- 
cian to  Epiphan}'  Church  Home  ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children, 
Columbian  Med.  College  ;  member  of  Faculty  of  Washington  Training 
School  for  Nurses.  Nov.  22,  1876,  married  Jeannie  L.  Stone  (daughter 
of  Dr.  R.  K.  Stone,  supra,  and  Margaret  Ritchie  Stone).  See  Trans. 
Med.  Society,  IH,  1898,  p.  129;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  5  and  12, 
1898;  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1898-9,  VIII,  p.  335. 

391.  JOHN  LLEWELLIN  ELIOT— Son  of  Dr.  Johnson  Eliot,  supra. 
Born  Aug.  2,  1853,  D-  C.  A.  M.,  1869,  Rock  Hill  College,  Md.  Hospi- 
tal Steward,  U.  S.  A.,  187 1-4.  M.  D.,  1874,  Georgetown.  President, 
1893-4,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  His  mother  was  Mary  John  Llewellin.  He 
was  educated  at  Gonzaga  College,  Washington.  While  studying  medi- 
cine he  also  attended  the  Georgetown  School  of  Pharmacy  ;  was  drug 
clerk,  1870-1.  Resident  Ph5-sician,  Washington  Asylum;  Assistant  Phy- 
sician, Central  Dispensary  ;  Surgeon  at  Casualty  Hospital ;  Physician  to 
St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum  ;  Consultant  at  Providence  Hospital  ;  Medical 
Inspector,  Health  Department,  D.  C;  Resident  Physician,  in  1882,  at 
Smallpox  Hospital,  and  Physician  in  charge  of  same,  i894-'o6  ;  Clinical 
Professor  of  Medicine,  sometime  Prosector  Anat.  and  Surg.,  Georgetown 
Med.  College.  Member  Council  of  Pathology,  9th  Internat.  Med.  Con- 
gress ;  Pan-Amer.  Congress:  Wash.  Pharm.  Assn.;  member  Med.  Assn., 
D.  C.  ;  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  ;  Amer.  Public  Health  Assn.  ;   Med.  and  Surg. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  317 

Soc,  D.  C.  ;  Med.  Society  of  Georgetown  University,  and  Med.  Society 
of  Charles  Co.,  Md.  April  15,  1885,  married  Mary  Spruance  Lancaster, 
of  Maryland.  Author  of  Historical  roster  of  Med.  Association,  D.  C, 
Washington,  1899.  See  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1893-4,  II,  p.  39;  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

392.  IRVING  COLLINS  ROSSE— Born  Oct.  20,  1843,  East  New- 
market, Dorchester  Co.,  Md.  A.  M.,  1889,  Georgetown  ;  M.  D.,  1866, 
Univ.,  Maryland.  F.  R.  G.  S.,  England.  Cadet  at  West  Point.  Acting 
Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army.  Died  May  3,  1901.  Descendant  of  Rev. 
John  Rosse,  Rector  of  All  Hallows,  Md.,  and  son  of  Dr.  Zadock  H. 
Rosse.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md.  Studied  med- 
icine with  Dr.  Alexander  H.  Bayly,  Cambridge,  Md.  After  graduation 
he  attended  Univ.  City  of  New  York  and  N.  Y.  Post-Graduate  School;  also 
lectures  in  Edinburgh,  London,  Paris  and  Berlin.  Was  Clinical  Assist- 
ant, Baltimore  Infirmary  ;  Medical  Officer,  U.  S.  Army,  1866  to  1874, 
during  which  time  he  served  at  various  posts  with  cavalry,  infantry  and 
artillery;  in  cholera  epidemic  at  Tybee  Island,  Ga.;  Quarantine  Officer 
at  Savannah,  Ga.,  and  Brazos  and  Santiago,  Texas  ;  Post  Surgeon  at 
Point  Isabel  ;  served  at  Artillery  School,  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  and  during 
the  Ku-Klux  troubles  in  North  Carolina.  In  the  Surgeon  General's 
Office,  Washington,  1870-74,  in  connection  with  the  preparation  of  the 
Med.  and  Surg.  History  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  ;  prepared  Circular 
No.  3,  a  report  of  the  surgical  cases  treated  in  the  army  of  the  U.  S.  from 
1865  to  1871.  Afterwards  was  Med.  Examiner,  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau, 
Washington.  Surgeon  to  Revenue  Marine  Bureau,  1877  to  1S83.  In 
Africa  during  the  Zulu  War,  Circumnavigated  the  coast  of  the  U.  S. 
and  the  Great  Lakes.  Made  voyages  on  training  ship  "Chase,"  also  two 
polar  expeditions  on  the  "Corwin,"  in  search  of  the  exploring  yacht 
"  Jeannette  ;"  was  the  first  to  climb  Herald  Island,  and  Wrangel  Land  ; 
this  achievement  won  recognition  from  the  Royal  Geographical  Society, 
England.  Was  Executive  Officer  of  Red  Cross  Hospital,  Washington, 
1887  ;  juror  to  Paris  Exposition,  1889  ;  sometime  President  of  U.  S.  Ex- 
amining Board,  Washington.  Member  of  Med.  Association,  D.  C. ; 
Med.  Society,  D.  C;  Amer,  Med.  Association  ;  the  Amer.  Congress 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  ;  the  Amer.  Anthropometric  Society  ;  Amer. 
Neurolog.  Association;  Congress  International  d'Anthropologie  Crimi- 
nelle.  Special  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Herald,  Chicago  Times 
and  San  Francisco  Examiner.  Contributed  to  Appleton's  Cyclopedia, 
Reference  Handbook  Medical  Sciences,  and  Witthaus'  Med.  Jurispru- 
dence. A  number  of  his  contributions  have  been  translated  and  pub- 
lished abroad.  He  had  a  record  as  an  all  round  athlete.  Was  Prof,  of 
Nervous  Diseases,  Med.  Dept.  Georgetown  University,  which  was  the 
specialty  that  he  practiced.     Married  Miss  Florence  James,  daughter  of 


3l8  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Horace  James,  of  New  York.  See  ivfinutes  Med.  Society,  May  8  and  22, 
1901  ;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1901,  VI,  p.  165;  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1880,  p. 
II,  Supplement;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  100;  Stone's  Biog., 
1894,  p.  433- 

[The  catalogue  of  1885  contains  the  name  of  J.  H.  Baxter,  as  elected 
in  1883.  There  is  no  record  of  his  nomination  or  election,  nor  of  any  fee 
paid  to  the  Treasurer.  Nor  did  he  sign  the  constitution.  The  name  is 
therefore  omitted  from  this  list.] 

APRIL  2,  1S84 

393.  LEON  IvEIGH  FRIEDERICH— Born  Sept.  3,  1857,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1881,  Columbian.  Resident  Physician,  Providence  Hospital  ;  Hosp. 
Assistant,  Central  Dispensary. 

APRIL  9,  1884 

394.  THOMAS  TAYLOR— Born  April  22,  1820,  Perth,  Scotland.  M. 
D.,  1882,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Thomas  and  Anne  Kennedy  Taylor.  Ed- 
ucated in  Scotland,  including  a  scientific  course  at  Anderson  University, 
Glasgow,  1835-8,  special  studies  in  chemistry,  frictional  electricity,  gal- 
vanism, etc.  Invented  the  first  interleaved  electric  condenser,  as  im- 
provement on  Leyden  jar,  1841  ;  pneumatic  battery  for  igniting  explo- 
sives for  mining  and  blasting,  1S50  ;  safety  lamp  for  coal  mines  ;  rotary 
galvanic  battery.  Came  to  U.  S.  in  185 1.  Demonstrated  that  electricity 
could  be  transmitted  across  sea  to  given  point  without  wires  ;  became 
connected  with  Ordnance  Dept.,  U.  S.  A.  ;  had  charge  of  rifle-shell 
branch,  Washington  Arsenal,  during  Civil  War ;  invented  improved  rifle 
projectiles.  Invented  and  patented  rubber  to  supersede  wax  molds  for 
plate  work.  Studied  and  became  specialist  on  fungoid  diseases  of  plants. 
Was  Chief  of  Division  of  Microscopy,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agriculture,  1871-95  ; 
Fellow  A.  A.  A.  S.  ;  Hon.  member  Micros.  Sect.  Royal  Institute,  Liver- 
pool, England,  and  International  Med.  Society  of  Hygiene,  Brussels  ; 
member  Amer.  Chemical  Society  and  French  Chemical  Society.  One  of 
the  founders  of  Washington  Chemical  and  Biolog.  Societies.  Author  of 
Food  products,  Washington,  1S93-4;  Student's  handbook,  mushrooms  of 
America,  edible  and  poisonous,  Washington,  1897-8  ;  The  diseases  of 
plants  ;  Edible  and  poisonous  mushrooms,  U.  S.  Jan.  4,  1909,  Dr.  Tay- 
lor's dues  were  remitted  for  the  rest  of  his  life.  See  Who's  Who  in 
America;  Amer.  Biog.  Directory,  Washington,  1908. 

395.  WILLIAM  WARD— Born  Sept.  15,  1842,  Prince  George  Co., 
Md.  M,  D.,  1871,  Georgetown.  Dropped  from  membership,  1905.  Died 
April  19,  1909.     Educated  in  the  county  schools.     During  the  Civil  War 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  319 

served  in  Breathet's  Battery,  C.  S.  A. ;  afterwards  in  Stuart's  Artillery. 
Married  Miss  Anna  J.  Webb,  daughter  of  Joseph  Warren  Webb,  of  Wash- 
ington. 

396.  JOHN  BROWN  HAMILTON— Born  Dec.  i,  1847,  Jersey  Co., 
111.  M.  D.,  i86y,  Rush.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  Asst.  Surgeon,  Surgeon 
and  Supervising  Surgeon  General,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S.  Died  Dec.  24,  1898, 
of  perforation  of  intestines.  Editor  Jour.  Amer.  Med.  Association.  He 
spent  his  early  life  on  the  farm,  in  a  village  printing  office  and  in  a  drug 
store.  Served  in  the  Union  Army,  1864-5.  After  graduation  in  medicine 
he  served  again  till  1876,  when  he  entered  the  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital 
Service,  becoming  finally  Supervising  Surgeon  General.  Was  also  Prof, 
of  Surgery,  Med.  Dept.  Georgetown  University.  In  1892  he  resigned  as 
Surgeon  General  of  the  Marine  Hospital  Service  and  removed  to  Chi- 
cago, becoming  Prof,  of  Surgery  in  Rush  Medical  College  ;  was  also 
connected  with  the  hospitals.  He  became  also  editor  of  the  Journal  A. 
M.  A.  In  1896,  resigned  from  the  Marine  Hospital  Service.  In  1896-7, 
was  Supt.  Northern  Illinois  Hosp.  for  Insane.  He  is  said  to  have  been 
the  first  to  make  visual  examinations  of  pilots  and  the  first  physical  ex- 
amination of  seamen  preliminary  to  shipment ;  was  largely  instrumental 
in  the  passage  of  the  national  quarantine  acts,  and  it  is  said  that  he  had 
the  largest  private  surgical  library  west  of  the  Alleghenies.  Sometime 
Lecturer  on  Surgery,  Columbian  Med.  College  ;  Surgeon  to  Providence 
Hosp.  and  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum.  Author  of  Lessons  in  longevity, 
Washington,  1884  ;  Lectures  on  tumors,  delivered  1891,  Philadelphia, 
1898;  Surgery  of  the  lymphatic  system,  in  Warren  and  Gould's  interna- 
tional text  book  of  surgery,  Philadelphia,  1899.  See  also  Mansell-Mou- 
lin's  Surgery,  Philadelphia,  1893,  1895.  See  Powell's  History,  p.  351  ; 
Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  196;  20th  Century  Biog.  Diet.;  Med.  Record,  N. 
Y.,  1898,  LIV,  p.  956;  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1898,  LXVIII,  p.  968;  Virginia 
Med.  Semi-Monthly,  1899-1900,  IV,  p.  293  ;  Jour.  A.  M.  A.,  1898,  XXX, 

P-  1575- 

OCTOBER   8,  1884 

307.  JOHN  HODGES  MUNDELL— Born  Aug.  29,  1827,  Upper  Marl- 
boro, Md.  M.  D.,  1S49,  Univ.  Maryland.  Died  May  12,  1900.  Edu- 
cated at  Rockville,  Md.  Academy.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Henry 
Brooke,  Marlboro.  Practiced  in  Upper  Marlboro  five  years;  in  Washington 
from  1871  till  his  death.  Married  Miss  Louise  Mulliken.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  May  16  and  June  6,  1900;  National  Med.  Review,  1900-1, 
X,  p.  383;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1900,  V,  p.  127. 

398.  LEROY  M.  TAYLOR— Born  1838,  N.  Y.  M.  D.,  i860,  George- 
town. Druggist.  Asst.  Surgeon  4th  Texas  Mounted  Troops,  C.  S.  A. 
Resigned  from  Med.  Society,  Nov.  25,  1896.     Died  Sept.  27,  1904. 


[20  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 


APRIL  1,  1885 


399.  RAYMOND  THOMAS  HOLDEN— Born  April  23,  i860,  D.  C. 
M,  D.,  1881,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Thomas  and  Catherine  Gleeson  Hol- 
den.  Member  Med.  Association,  D.  C,  and  Clinico-Patholog.  Society. 
Married,  Oct.  7,  1896,  Celeste  Selma  Moritz.  See  Georgetown  Univer- 
sity, II,  p.  222. 

400.  CHARLES  MASSEY  HAMMETT— Born  Aug.  4,  1835,  St.  Mary's 
Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1856,  Georgetown.  Father  of  Dr.  C.  M.  Hammett, 
itifra;  brother  of  Dr.  Whit.  Hammett,  D.  D.  S.,  of  Washington.  Health 
Ofl&cer,  1891-4,  and  Coroner,  1894-7,  D.  C.  Died  Nov.  22,  1898.  Son  of 
Robert  Hammett,  of  England,  and  of  the  daughter  of  Governor  Blacki- 
stone,  of  Maryland.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall,  Md.  Married  Miss  Julia 
Maddox,  of  St.  Mary's  Co.,  Md.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Nov.  23 
and  30,  1898  ;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1898,  III,  p.  173;  Nat.  Med.  Review, 
1898-9,  VIII,  p.  435;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  166. 

401.  GEORGE  WILLIAM  WEST— Born  Jan.  18,  1845,  Buckingham 
County,  Va.  M.  D.,  1868,  Richmond  Med.  Coll.  Died  of  sunstroke, 
July  23,  1901.  Son  of  John  S.  West,  whose  ancestors  settled  in  Virginia 
in  1609.  Was  educated  at  Buckingham  College.  Served  in  the  C.  S. 
Army,  1862-5,  and  for  some  months  was  prisoner  of  war  at  Point  Look- 
out, Md.  After  graduating  in  medicine  he  attended  lectures  for  several 
years  in  London  and  Paris,  giving  especial  attention  to  diseases  of  the  eye. 
On  his  return  home  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Richmond 
Med.  College.  Was  charter  member  of  Richmond  Med.  Society;  member 
Virginia  State  Med.  Society  and  Association.  In  1S77,  married  Blanche 
Claughton,  daughter  of  H.  O.  Claughton,  Esq.,  of  Washington.  In 
1882  removed  to  Washington,  where  he  afterward  practiced  until  his 
death.  One  of  the  founders  of  the  Med.  Dept.  National  University,  and 
many  years  Prof.  Anatomy  there.  Member  A.  M.  A.  and  Assn.  Amer. 
Anatomists.  See  minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  2,  1901  ;  Trans.  Med. 
Society,  1901,  VI,  p.  229  ;   Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  494. 

402.  THOMAS  VICTOR  HAMMOND— Born  Feb.  28,  1861,  Berlin, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1882,  Jefferson.  Resident  Physician,  afterwards  Consulting 
Physician,  Providence  Hospital,  Washington. 

OCTOBER  7, 1885 

403.  LOUIS  KOLIPINSKI— Born  Nov.  3,  1859,  D.  C.  Phar.  D,  1880, 
National  College  Pharmacy,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1883,  Georgetown.  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Children's  Hospital,  D.  C.  ;  Prof.  Surgery,  National 
Univ.  Med.  College,  D.  C. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  32 1 

404.  SAMUEL  BACKUS  LYON— Born,  1841,  Palmer,  Mass.  M.  D., 
1879,  Columbian.  Resigned  from  Med.  Society,  Jan.  11,  1888.  Some- 
time Assistant  at  Govt.  Hosp.  for  Insane,  Washington.  In  1890  ap- 
pointed Supt.  Bloomingdale  Insane  Asylum,  N.  Y.  City. 

405.  THOMAS  ATTAWAY  REEDER  KEECH— Born  March  28, 
1833,  Harford  County,  Md.  M.  D.,  1856,  Univ.  Maryland.  After  grad- 
uation practiced  in  Harford  Co.;  1863  to  1873  in  Prince  George  Co., 
Md.;  since  Nov.  i,  1873,  in  Washington. 

40G.  GEORGE  CLARKE  OBER— Born  April  11,  i860,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1S82,  Georgetown.  Resident  Physician,  Children's  Hospital;  Physician, 
Eastern  Dispensary  ;  Prof.  Materia  Medica,  afterwards  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, National  Univ.  Med.  College. 

OCTOBER  14,   18S5 

407.  CHARLES  LINCOLN  LOOMIS— Born  Sept.  9,  1859,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1882,  Univ.  Vermont.  Resigned  Jan.  11,  18S8.  Died  April  6,  1888, 
at  Denver,  Col.  Son  of  Dr.  Lafayette  C.  Loomis,  of  Washington,  and 
nephew  of  Dr.  Silas  L.  Loomis,  supra.  Educated  at  Alleghany  College, 
Meadville,  Pa.  Attended  the  Faculty  de  Med.,  Paris.  After  graduation 
he  spent  some  time  in  Europe  at  the  hospitals  and  in  traveling.  See 
Lamb's  History,  p.  252. 

[1885.  The  names  William  D.  Stewart  and  S.  J.  Waggaman  appear  in 
only  one  list  of  the  Society,  namely,  1885.  There  is  no  record  of  their 
election,  they  did  not  sign  the  constitution  and  their  names  do  not  ap- 
pear on  the  Treasurer's  book  up  to  1886.  It  is  very  doubtful  if  they  were 
ever  members.] 

APRIL   7,  1886 

408.  FRANK  BAKER— Born  Aug.  22,  1841,  Pulaski,  N.  Y.  A.  M., 
1888;  Ph.  D.,  1890,  Georgetown;  M.  D.,  1880,  Columbian.  Resigned 
from  Med.  Society,  Dec.  18,  1889.  Son  of  Thomas  C.  and  Sybil  S.  Weed 
Baker.  Was  Sergeant,  37th  New  York  Vols.,  1861-3.  Prof.  Anatomy, 
Georgetown  Med.  School,  since  1883  ;  Supt.,  National  Zoological  Park, 
Washington,  since  1890;  Asst.  Supt.,  U.  S.  Life-saving  Service,  1889-90; 
Editor  American  Anthropologist,  1891-8;  F.  A.  A.  S.  (Secretary  Section  H, 
1888,  Vice  President,  1890)  ;  member  Amer.  Naturalists  ;  Assn.  Amer. 
Anat.  (President,  1897);  Philadelphia  Zoolog.  Society;  Washington 
Academy  of  Sciences  (Secretary  since  1890)  ;  Washington  Biolog.  Soci- 
ety ;  Washington  Anthrop.  Society.  Married,  Sept.  13,  1878,  at  Sedg- 
wick, Me.,  May  E.  Cole.     Has  a  son  in  Medical  Corps,  U.  S.  Army.    Has 

21 


322  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

contributed  articles  to  Wood's  Reference  Handbook  Med.  Sciences  ;  Bil- 
lings' National  Med.  Dictionary ;  Standard  Dictionary ;  International 
Encyclopedia.  See  Amer.  Men  of  Science,  1906  ;  Who's  Who  in  Amer- 
ica; Amer.  Biog.  Directory,  Washington,  1908 ;  Georgetown  University, 
II,  p.  96. 

409.  FRANK  CLINTON  FERNALD— Born  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  M. 
D.,  1884,  Harvard.  Member  Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecolog.  Society. 
Died  June  17,  1889.     See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Sept.  11,  1889. 

410.  HARRY  MADISON  CUTTS— Born  Sept.  4,  1858,  D.  C.  A.  B., 
1880;  A.  M.,  1883,  Princeton;  M.  D.,  1883,  Harvard.  Resigned,  Sept. 
28,  1887,  and  removed  to  Brookline,  Mass. 

411.  WILLIAM  MAY— Born  Sept.  6,  1850,  D.  C.     Son  of  Dr.  J.  F. 

May,  supra;   M.   D.,   1874,   College  Phys.   and  Surg.,  N.   Y.     Dropped 

from  membership,  1897;  reelected,  Oct.  6,  1897.     Removed  to  New  York 

City. 

OCTOBER  6,  1886 

412.  DANIEL  PERCY  HICKLING— Born  Sept.  19,  1863,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1884,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Daniel  P.  and  Sarah  A.  Hickling.  At- 
tended Emerson  Institute  and  the  Columbian  Preparatory  School,  Wash- 
ington. After  graduation  in  medicine  took  special  courses  in  Boston, 
Chicago  and  the  medical  centers  of  Europe.  Since  then  has  practiced  in 
Washington.  Was  Prof.  Clin.  Surg.,  Electro-therapeutics,  Clinical  Prof, 
of  Neurolog.,  Georgetown  School  of  Medicine;  Visiting  Physician, 
Washington  Asylum  Hospital  ;  member  Consulting  Staff,  Providence 
Hospital  and  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane;  member  A.  M. 
A.;  Fellow,  Amer.  Electro-therapeutic  Association;  member  Med. 
Association,  D.  C.  In  charge  of  Neurolog.  and  Electro-therapeutic 
Clinic,  Eastern  Dispensary  and  Casualty  Hospital  ;  Consulting 
Neurologist,  Washington  Home  for  Incurables  ;  in  charge  Department 
Neurology,  Georgetown  University  Hospital.  Member  Washington 
Chamber  of  Commerce  ;  Washington  Acad.  Sciences  ;  Med.  and  Surg. 
Society,  D.  C.  Chairman,  Committee  on  Public  Health,  Washington 
Board  of  Trade.  Vice  President,  Society  Nervous  and  Mental  Diseases, 
D.  C,  and  Med.  Society,  Casualty  Hospital;  President,  Med.  Society, 
Georgetown  Med.  College.  Also  member  of  the  Vestry,  Pro-Cathedral 
Church  of  the  Ascension.  Sept.  5,  1894,  married  Harriet  Franses  Stone. 
See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908;  Georgetown  University,  II, 
p.  322. 

413.  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN  MADISON— Born  Sept.  i,  1852, 
Edgefield,  S.  C.  M.  D.,  1884,  Georgetown.  Dropped,  1900,  from  mem- 
bership. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  323 

114.  JEROME  HENRY  KIDDER— Born  Oct.  26,  1842,  Baltimore 
Co.,  Mtl.  A.  B.,  1862;  A.  M.,  1865,  Harvard  ;  M.  D.,  1866,  Univ.  Mary- 
land. Med.  Cadet,  U.  S.  A.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Navy,  1866-71  ;  Passed 
Asst.  Surg.,  1871-76,  and  Surgeon,  1876  to  1884.  Resigned  June  18,  1884. 
Curator  of  Laboratory  and  Exchanges,  Smithsonian  Institution.  Died 
April  8,  1889.  About  1862,  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Sea  Island  plan- 
tations, near  Beaufort,  S.  C;  contracted  yellow  fever,  and  was  obliged 
to  return  north  earl}'  in  1863.  On  recovery  enlisted  in  Tenth  Maryland 
Infantry,  and  served  as  private  and  non-commissioned  officer  for  about  a 
}ear.  Was  then  appointed  Med.  Cadet  and  served  in  hospitals  near 
Washington  until  the  Civil  War  ended.  His  first  detail  in  the  Navy 
was  to  the  Naval  Asylum,  Philadelphia  ;  remained  a  little  over  a  year. 
From  1867  to  1870  was  Asst.  Med.  Officer,  U.  S.  Ship  "Idaho,"  then  sta- 
tioned off  Nagasaki,  Japan,  as  the  general  hospital  for  the  Asiatic  Squad- 
ron. While  there  he  received  from  the  King  of  Portugal  the  decoration 
of  the  Military  Order  of  Christ,  in  recognition  of  professional  services  to 
a  distressed  vessel  of  the  Portuguese  Navy  ;  and  during  the  memorable 
typhoon  of  Sept.  21,  1868,  he  made  a  careful  chart  of  the  track  of  the 
storm.  In  1874-5  served  on  U.  S.  Steamer  "Swatara,"as  Surgeon  and 
Naturalist  of  the  Transit  of  Venus  Expedition  to  Kerguelen  Island,  and 
in  1877-8  as  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Steamer  "Alliance,"  in  the  Mediterranean. 
On  the  latter  cruise  he  was  married  at  Constantinople,  Sept.  18,  187S,  to 
Anne  Mary,  daughter  of  Hon.  Horace  Maynard,  U.  S.  Minister  to  Turkey. 
During  the  summer  of  1878-9  was  on  special  duty  with  the  small  Naval 
Steamers  "Bluelight"  and  "Speedwell,"  engaged  in  fishery  investigations 
on  the  New  England  coast,  and  in  December,  1882,  became  the  first  Sur- 
geon of  the  Fish  Commission  Steamer  "Albatross,"  on  which  he  remained 
until  the  following  April.  His  shore  service  was  performed  mainly  at 
the  Naval  Hospital  and  Laboratory,  Brooklyn,  from  187 1  to  1874,  and  at 
the  Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Washington,  from  1879  to  1882. 
See  Smithsonian  Collections  ;  Billings'  National  Med.  Dictionary,  Phila- 
delphia, 1890  ;  also  Minutes  Med.  Society,  April  17,  1889  ;  Bull.  Philo. 
soph.  Soc,  Washington,  1892,  XI,  p.  480. 

415.  MILLARD    FILLMORE   THOMPSON— Born  Nov.  17,  1857,  D. 

C.  D.  D.  S.,  1879,  Baltimore  Coll.  Dental  Surgery  ;    M.  D.,  18S4,  Col- 
umbian.    Sometime   Prof.   Anatomy,  Med.   Dept.,  National   University, 

D.  C. 

416.  GEORGE  WOODRUFF  JOHNSTON— Born  Sept.  17,  1858,  D. 
C.  Son  of  Dr.  W.  P.  Johnston,  supra.  A.  M.,  1879,  Princeton  ;  M.  D., 
1882,  Univ.  Pa.  Co-editor  National  Medical  Review.  Resigned  from 
Med.  Society,  April  17,  1901.  Gynecologist,  Central  Dispensary  ;  mem- 
ber Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecol.  Society. 


324  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

APRIL  6,  1887 

417.  MIDDLETON  FULLER  CUTHBERT— Born  July  5,  i860,  in 
Pennsylvania.  M.  D.,  1883,  Columbian.  Was  Resident  Physician  and 
Gynecologist,  Providence  Hospital  ;  member  Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gyne- 
col. Society. 

418.  WILLL^M  WHITNEY  GODDING-Born  May  5,  1831,  Win- 
chendon,  Mass.  A.  B.,  1854,  Dartmouth;  M.  D.,  1857,  Castleton. 
Superintendent,  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  D.  C.  Died  May 
6,  1899.  Son  of  Dr.  Alvah  and  Mary  Whitney  Godding,  of  English 
descent.  Educated  at  the  academy  at  Winchendon,  Brown  University, 
Providence,  R.  I.,  Phillips'  Academy,  Andover,  Mass.,  and  Dartmouth 
College.  Studied  medicine  first  at  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, N.  Y.  City,  but  graduated  at  Castleton,  Vt.  Practiced  with  his 
father  at  W^inchendon  for  eighteen  months ;  in  1859  became  Asst. 
Physician  at  State  Hospital  for  Insane,  Concord,  N.  H.  In  1862  resumed 
practice,  this  time  at  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  but  the  same  year  was  appointed 
Second  Assistant  Physician  at  St.  Elizabeth  Insane  Asylum,  Wash- 
ington. In  1S70  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  State  Hospital  for 
Insane  at  Taunton,  Mass.  In  1877  returned  to  St.  Elizabeth  Hospital 
as  Superintendent,  and  continued  in  charge  till  his  death.  During  his 
incumbency  the  capacity  of  the  hospital  was  greatly  increased.  Married, 
Dec.  14,  i860,  to  Miss  Ellen  Rowena  Murdock,  daughter  of  Elisba 
Murdock,  of  Winchendon.  Author  of  Two  hard  cases,  Boston,  1882. 
The  rights  of  the  insane  in  hospital,  Philadelphia,  1884.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  May  10  and  June  7,  1899  ;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1899, 
IV,  p.  118  ;  Proceedings  Amer.  Med.  Psych.  Assn.,  1899,  VI,  p.  398; 
Bull.  Philos.  Soc,  Washington,  1895-1900,  XIII,  p.  390;  Jour.  A.  M. 
A.,  1S99,  XXXII,  p.  1073;  Jour.  Mental  Sci.,  London,  1900,  XLVI,  p. 
404;     National  Med.  Review,  Washington,  1899-1900,  IX,  p.  366. 

419.  ERNEST  FROTHINGHAM  KING— Born  Nov.  29,  1858,  Tur- 
ner, Maine.  A.  B.,  1880;  A.  M.,  1883,  Colby  College,  Watervliet,  Me.; 
M.  D.,  1883,  Howard. 

420.  MAGRUDER  MUNCASTER— Born  Feb.  13,  1859,  D.  C.  Bro- 
ther of  Dr.  S.  B.  Muncaster,  infra.  Phar.  D.,  1880,  National  College 
Pharmacy,  D,  C.  ;  M.  D.,  18S3,  Univ.  Md.  Died  Nov.  28,  1901,  Rock- 
ville,  Md.  Son  of  Harriet  Magruder  and  Otho  Z.  Muncaster  and  great- 
grandson  of  Col.  Zadock  Magruder,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
of  Safety  of  Maryland,  under  General  George  Washington,  during  the 
Revolutionary  War.  Was  educated  at  Rockville  Academy.  After  grad- 
uation  in   medicine  he  engaged  in   the   drug   business  for  a  few  years. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  325 

after  which  he  practiced  medicine  in  Washington  City.  He  soon  built 
up  quite  a  lucrative  practice.  About  1895  his  health  began  to  fail.  Was 
one  of  the  U.  S.  Examining  Surgeons  for  Pensions  ;  member  Med.  Asso- 
ciation, D.  C;  Clinico-Patholog.  Society,  and  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  See 
Minutes  Med.  Society,  Dec.  4  and  11,  1901  ;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1901, 
VI,  p.  324. 

421.  JOHN  WESLEY  BOVEE— Born  Dec.  31,  1S61,  Clayton,  N.  Y. 
M.  D.,  1885,  Columbian.  Editor  of  The  Practice  of  Gynecology,  Phila- 
delphia, 1906.  Son  of  Wm.  Henry  and  Sarah  Elizabeth  Roat  Bovee. 
Educated  at  public  and  high  schools  and  by  private  tutors.  Since  grad- 
uation in  medicine  has  practiced  in  Washington.  Member  of  House 
Staff,  Children's  Hospital  and  Columbia  Hospital,  Washington,  1S84- 
88  ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Washington  Asylum,  1889-97  ;  Surgeon,  Columbia 
Hospital,  since  1891  ;  Gynecologist,  Providence  Hospital,  1891  to  1908, 
and  George  Washington  Univ.  Hospital  since  its  opening ;  formerly 
Attending  and  now  Consulting  Physician  to  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum;  Pro- 
fessor Gynecology,  George  Washington  Univ.  Med.  School  ;  sometime 
Chairman,  Section  of  Gynecology  and  Obstetrics,  A.  M.  A.  ;  member 
Amer.  Urolog.  Assn.;  Washington  Acad.  Sciences;  Mississippi  Valley 
Med.  Assn.;  President,  Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  D.  C;  President,  Wash- 
ington Obstet.  and  Gynecolog.  Society  and  Southern  Surg,  and  Gyn- 
ecolog.  Assn.;  Fellow  Amer.  Gynecolog.  Society  ;  honorary  member 
Med.  Society,  Virginia ;  member  Board  of  Trustees,  Reform  School 
for  Girls,  D.  C;  Consulting  Gynecologist,  St.  Elizabeth  Hospital  for 
Insane,  D.  C.  See  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct., 
Washington,  1908. 

422.  JOSEPH  HAMMOND  BRYAN— Born  July  4,  1856,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1877,  Univ.  Va.;  1878,  Univ.  City  of  New  Y'ork.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N., 
1880-5,  Son  of  Joseph  Brooke  and  Louisa  Stearns  Hammond  Bryan. 
Has  practiced  medicise  in  Washington  since  1887.  Unmarried.  Mem- 
ber Wash.  Acad.  Sciences;  Philosoph.  Society,  Washington;  Amer.  Laryn- 
golog.  Assn.,  President,  1902.  Author  of  Diseases  of  accessory  sinuses 
of  the  nose,  in  System  of  diseases  of  ear,  nose  and  throat,  Philadelphia, 
1893.  See  Who's  Who  in  America;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington, 
1908. 

423.  CHARLES  JOHNSON  OSMUN— Born  Oct.  10,  1845,  Washing- 
ton, N.  J.  M.  D.,  1872,  Washington  Univ.,  Baltimore;  1875,  College 
Phys.  and  Surg.,  Baltimore.  Died  Aug.  14,  1894.  Came  to  Washington 
in  1884,  and  was  the  first  medical  man  to  take  charge  of  the  details  in 
enforcing  the  law  for  the  prevention  of  scarlet  fever  and  diphtheria,  dur- 
ing which  service  he  contracted  and  died  of  diphtheria.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  Aug.  16,  1894;  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1894-5,  III,  p.  lor. 


326  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

424.  ISIDOR  SAMUEL  LEOPOLD  HERMANN— Born  Jan.  7,  1845, 
Hesse  Darmstadt,  Germany.  Educated  at  Darmstadt  and  Frankfurt-on- 
the-Main.  Studied  medicine  at  Marburg,  Wiirzburg  and  Vienna.  M. 
D.,  1878,  Julia  Maximiliana,  Wiirzburg.  Was  assistant  to  Prof.  Kuelz, 
Marburg.  Physician,  1879-80,  to  Maryland  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  and 
Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  1879-82;  Licentiate,  M.  C.  F., 
Maryland.  Afterwards  practiced  in  Washington.  Member  Wash.  Acad. 
Sciences.  See  W^ho's  Who  in  America;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washing- 
ton, 1908;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  1903,  p.  319. 

425.  JOHN  WOART  BAYNE— Born  Feb.  9,  1846,  "Salubria,"  Prince 
George  Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1868,  Univ.  Maryland.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U. 
S.  A.,  and  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Vols.  Died  May  17,  1905.  Educated  at  coun- 
try schools.  After  graduation  in  medicine  served  as  Medical  Attendant 
at  Fort  Foote,  Md.,  1870  to  1878,  when  the  fort  was  abandoned.  Was 
then  transferred  to  duty  at  Washington  Barracks,  D.  C,  serving  1878-81. 
For  some  years  was  Surgeon  to  Metropolitan  Police  and  Fire  Depart- 
ment, Washington.  In  18S1  became  Surgeon  to  Providence  Hospital, 
President  of  Hospital  Board,  1 889-1905  ;  in  1883  became  Prof.  Clinical 
Surgery,  Georgetown  Med.  School;  member  of  Consulting  Board,  Epis- 
copal Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital  and  Casualty  Hospital.  During  the 
Spanish- American  War  was  Brigade  Surgeon,  serving  at  Leiter  Hospital, 
Chickamauga,  after  which  he  resumed  practice  in  Washington.  Some- 
time President,  D.  C.  Society,  S.  A.  R.  Was  grandson  of  Major  Andrew 
Leitch,  of  the  staff  of  General  Washington,  in  the  war  of  the  American 
Revolution  ;  and  son  of  Dr.  John  H.  Bayne,  of  Maryland,  a  Surgeon  in 
the  U.  S.  Vols,  in  the  war  of  1861-5.  Married,  in  1872,  Miss  May  Ashby, 
of  Fauquier  Co.,  Va.  Father  of  Dr.  John  Breckenridge  Bayne,  of  Wash- 
ington. The  Bayne  family  was  especially  interested  in  St.  Barnabas' 
Church  in  Prince  George  Co.,  Md.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  17 
and  24,  1905;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1905,  IV,  p.  257;  Georgetown  Univer- 
sity, II,  p.  122. 

OCTOBER   6,    1887 

426.  ARTHUR  AUGUSTINE  SNYDER— Born  June  6,  1859,  D.  C. 
Son  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Snyder,  supra.  M.  D.,  1882,  Univ.  City  of  New  York. 
Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  During  the  Spanish- American  War  he 
served  in  the  ist  Divisional  Hospital  before  Santiago,  Cuba,  and  in  the 
Base  Hospital  at  Siboney,  near  Santiago.  Returned  with  the  last  regi- 
ment of  Shafter's  Corps,  24th  Inf.,  to  Montauk,  N.  Y.  Is  Visiting  Sur- 
geon to  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital  and  Clinical  Surgeon  to  George 
Washington  Univ.  Hospital. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  327 

427.  WILLIAM  PRICE  MANNING— Born  Dec.  8,  1844,  Virginia. 
M.  D.,  1869,  Univ.  Maryland.  Died  Feb.  9,  1901.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  Feb.  13,  1901;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1901,  VI,  p.  53. 

428.  HENDERSON  SUTER— Born  July  i,  1855,  D.  C.  Brother  of 
Dr.  W.  N.  Suter,  infra.     M.  D.,  1877,  Univ.  Penna. 

429.  THOMAS  MARSHALL  NORTON— Born  Nov.  21,  1863,  Fau- 
quier Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1885,  Univ.  Va.  Died  Jan.  9,  1892,  Alexandria, 
Va.     See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan.  13,  1892. 

430.  CHARLES  TUFTS  CALDWELL— Born  Aug.  22,  1855,  West 
Bridgewater,  Mass.     M.  D.,  1879,  Columbian.     Resigned,  Feb.  10,  1904. 

APRIL  4,  1888 

431.  WILLIAM  FLEET  LUCKETT— Born  March  6,  1838,  Middle- 
burg,  Va.  M.  D.,  i860,  Univ.  Louisville.  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.  Father 
of  Dr.  L.  F.  Luckett,  infra.  Died  March  30,  1901.  Educated  at  the 
Frank  Minor  school.  After  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  practiced  med- 
icine in  Frederick,  Md.,  until  1885,  when  he  removed  to  Washington. 
Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.,  and  Washington  Acad.  Sciences. 
Buried  at  Frederick.  See  Minutes  Med  Society,  April  3  and  10,  1901, 
and  Trans,  Med.  Society,  190X,  VI,  p.  125. 

432*  WILLIAM  EDWARD  HANDY— Born  Oct.  10,  1858,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  18S5,  Columbian.  Dropped  from  membership,  1897.  Removed  to 
Manila,  P.  I. 

433.  JOHN  WESLEY  DUNN— Born  Dec.  30,  1858,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Educated  in  public  schools,  Washington,  and  Columbian  University. 
M.  D.,  1880,  Columbian.  Afterwards  attended  Med.  Dept.,  Univ.  Penna. 
Served  as  Interne  at  Children's  Hospital,  Washington.  Practiced  in 
Washington  from  1883  till  his  death.  Married,  Sept.  29,  1886,  Miss 
Helen  Margaret  McFarland,  daughter  of  John  M.  and  Sarah  J.  McFar- 
land,  Washington.  Contracted  diphtheria  from  a  patient  and  died  six 
days  afterward,  Dec.  30,  1890.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Dec.  31, 
1890. 

434.  THOMAS  COLLINS  STEVENSON  MARSHALL— Born  April 
28,  1856,  Carlisle,  Pa.  M.  D.,  1883,  Howard.  Attended  also  the  Howard 
Dental  School.  Has  been  in  the  Government  departmental  service, 
Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Prof.  Histology  and  afterwards 
Pathology,  Howard  Medical  School.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  133. 


328  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

435.  CHARLES  WILLIAMSON  RICHARDSON— Born  Aug.  22, 
1861,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1884,  Columbian,  and  Univ.  Penna.  Educated  at 
Columbian  College,  D.  C.  Is  Prof.  Laryngology  and  Otology,  Med. 
Dept.  Columbian  Univ.;  Trustee  of  the  University  ;  ex-President  Amer. 
Laryngol.,  Rhinol.  and  Otolog.  Society;  Vice  President,  Amer.  Laryngol. 
Assn.;  member  Washington  Acad.  Sciences  ;  Anthropol.  and  Biolog.  So- 
cieties, Washington;  Fellow  Academy  Oto-Laryngolog}';  member  Amer. 
Climatolog.  Society;  Amer.  Otolog.  Society;  A.  M.  A.;  Throat  and  Ear 
Surgeon  to  Providence  and  Foundling  Hospitals,  Washington;  ex-Presi- 
dent, Alumni  Assn.,  Columbian  Univ.  Contributor  to  Posey  and  Wright's 
Diseases  of  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat,  to  Buck's  Reference  Handbook 
and  Musser-Kelly  Handbook.  Son  of  Charles  F.  E.  and  Charlotte  A. 
Richardson.  Married,  May  27,  1889,  Amy  Elizabeth  Small.  See  Stone's 
Biog.,  1894,  p.  671;  Who's  Who  in  America;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Wash- 
ington, 1908. 

436.  DANIEL  OLIN  LEECH— Born  July  13,  1862.  Port  Republic, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1S87,  Columbian.  Brother  of  Dr.  Frank  Leech,  z>///-a.  Pres- 
ident, 1906-7,  Medical  Assn.,  D.  C;  President,  1905,  Therapeutic  Soci- 
ety, D.  C. 

437.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  GRINDER,  Jr.— Born  Dec.  i,  1862, 
D.  C.  M.  D.,  1885,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.  Dropped  from  membership, 
1897.  Died  Dec.  13,  1901.  Graduated,  1882,  from  the  Spencerian  Busi- 
ness College,  Washington.  Sometime  Demonstrator  Anatomj',  National 
Univ,  Med.  School.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  245. 

438.  JAMES  THOMAS  SWEETMAN,  Jr.— Born  June  22,  1862,  Phil- 
adelphia, N.  Y.  A.  B.,  1883;  A.  M.,  1886,  Princeton;  M.  D.,  1886,  How- 
ard. Dropped  from  membership,  1891.  Removed  to  Ballston,  N.  Y. 
Married.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  220. 

439.  WILLIAM  LEON  MILLER— Born  Jan.  22,  1859,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1883,  Columbian. 

440.  THOMAS  FRANCIS  MALLAN— Born  July  19,  1857,  Lynch- 
burg, Va.  M.  D.,  1880,  Georgetown.  Surgeon  to  Providence  Hospital  ; 
Consulting  Surgeon,  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum  ;  Attending  Physician, 
Catholic  Univ.  and  Marist  College  and  Seminary,  Washington. 

441.  ROBERT  THAXTER  EDES— Born  Sept.  23,  1838,  Eastport, 
Me.  A.  B.,  1858;  M.  D.,  1861,  Harvard.  Asst.  Surg,  and  Passed  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  N.  Removed  from  D.  C,  1891,  to  Boston,  Mass.;  thence  to 
Jamaica  Plains,  Mass.     His  family  is  of  English  descent.     His  literary 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  329 

education  was  received  at  Harvard  College.  Studied  medicine  under  Dr. 
Benjamin  Gushing.  Entered  U.  S.  Navy  at  beginning  of  Civil  War  and 
served,  chiefly  in  the  West  Gulf  or  Mississippi  Squadron,  until  June,  1865. 
Then  visited  Europe  and  supplemented  his  medical  education  at  Vienna, 
after  which  he  located  at  Hingham,  Mass.,  and  practiced  his  profession 
until  i<S69;  then  settled  in  Boston.  In  1886  removed  to  Washington. 
Was  Attending  Physician,  Boston  City  Hospital,  1872  to  1886;  at  Garfield 
Memorial  Hospital,  Washington,  1889-91;  Professor  Materia  Medica,  Har- 
vard Med.  School,  1871  to  1883,  and  Jackson  Prof.  Clin.  Medicine,  same 
school,  1S83-6.  In  1891  became  Resident  Physician,  Adams'  Nervine 
Asylum,  Jamaica  Plains,  Mass.  Sometime  Lecturer  in  Med.  School, 
Dartmouth,  N.  H.,  and  Georgetown  and  Columbian  Med.  Schools,  Wash- 
ington. Author  of  The  part  taken  by  nature  and  time  in  the  cure  of  dis- 
ease, prize  essay,  Boston,  1868  ;  The  physiology  and  pathology  of  the 
sympathetic  or  ganglionic  nervous  system,  New  York,  i860;  Translation 
of  Alex.  Ecker's  Die  Hirnwindungen  des  Menschen,  etc.,  New  York, 
1873;  Handbook  of  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  N.  Y.,  1883;  Intracranial  hem- 
orrhage, etc.,  in  Pepper's  System  of  Med.,  Philadelphia,  1886,  V.  ;  Text 
book  of  therapeutics,  etc.,  Philadelphia,  1887,  1895  ;  Shattuck  lectures, 
Boston,  1895.  See  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  496  ;  Stone's  Biog.,  1894, 
p.  156  ;  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  20th  Century  Biog.  Diet.  ;  Amer.  Men 
of  Science,  1906. 

OCTOBER  3,  1888 

442.  JAMES  DUDLEY  MORGAN— Born  July  5,  1861,  D.  C.  Son  of 
Dr.  J.  E.  Morgan,  supra.  A.  B.,  1881  ;  M.  D.,  1885,  Georgetown.  Son 
of  James  E.  and  Norah  Digges  Morgan.  Studied  medicine  some  time  at 
Bellevue.  After  graduation  took  post-graduate  course  at  Beaujon  Hospital 
and  Amphitheatre  d'Anatomie,  Paris,  and  in  1902  and  1903,  clinical 
course  under  Prof.  William  Osier.  Member  of  Staff  of  Garfield  and 
Georgetown  Univ.  Hospitals  ;  Chief  of  Medical  Service,  Emergency 
Hospital.  In  1893  was  Chairman  of  Registration  Committee,  Pan-Ameri- 
can Med.  Congress;  President,  Columbia  Historical  Society,  D.  C. ;  Vice 
President,  Washington  Acad.  Sciences  ;  member  Anthropolog.  Society, 
Washington  ;  was  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  1888-9,  Georgetown  Med. 
School ;  Prof.  Clinical  Medicine,  1899;  now  Associate  Prof.  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Medicine.  Interne,  Children's  Hospital,  1885  ;  Lecturer  on 
Differential  Diagnosis,  1897-8;  Co-editor,  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1898- 
1900  ;  member  A.  M.  A.;  Assn.  Amer.  Anatomists  ;  Amer.  Climat.  Assn.; 
Med.  and  vSurg.  Society  and  Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecol.  Society,  D.  C. 
Author  of  many  medical  and  historical  essays.  Married,  Dec.  2,  1891, 
Mary  Abell,  daughter  of  E.  F.  Abell,  Baltimore,  Md.  See  Amer.  Men 
of  Science,  1906;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 


330  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

443.  MARY  ALMERA  PARSONS— Born  May  2,  1850,  Colebrook, 
N.  H.  M,  D.,  1874,  Howard.  From  Revolutionary  stock.  Educated  at 
Robinson  Female  Seminary,  Exeter,  N.  H.,  graduating  in  1870.  Since 
graduation  in  medicine  has  practiced  in  Washington.  See  Lamb's 
History,  p.  205. 

444.  PHILIP  SEDDON  ROY— Born  April  15,  1861,  Tappahannock, 
Va.     M.  D.,  1880,  Univ.  Va. 

44o.  THOMAS  MORRIS  MURRAY— Born  July  5,  185 1,  Maryland. 
M.  D.,  1873,  Univ.  Maryland  ;  Licentiate,  1876,  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland. 
Practiced  some  time  in  Baltimore,  then  removed  to  Washington.  See 
Cordell's  Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  1903,  p.  515. 

446.  ERNEST  AUGUST  SELLHAUSEN— Born  May  12,  1853,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1874,  Columbian  ;  1877,  University  of  Leipzig. 

447.  ABRAHAM  HARMON  WITMER— Born  April  10,  1845,  Lan- 
caster County,  Pa.  M.  D.,  1866,  Jefferson.  Died  Jan.  18,  1900.  Of 
American  parentage,  Swiss  descent.  Educated  at  Wilmington,  Del. 
After  graduation  in  medicine  practiced  at  Mt.  Joy,  Pa.  About  1868  to 
1872  was  Asst.  Physician,  Insane  Dept.,  Philadelphia  Almshouse;  was 
next  Steamship  Surgeon  for  a  year,  after  which  he  returned  to  duty  at 
the  Almshouse.  In  1S76  became  Asst.  Physician  to  St.  Elizabeth  In- 
sane Asylum,  Washington,  where  he  remained  till  his  death  ;  was  pro- 
moted until  finally  was  First  Assistant  and  at  times  acted  as  Superin- 
tendent. Member  A.  M.  A.;  of  Board  of  School  Trustees,  D.  C.  At- 
tended several  Medical  Congresses  abroad.  For  some  time  was  con- 
nected with  the  Faculty  of  Georgetown  Med.  School.  Married  Miss 
Roberta  Stone,  of  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Feb.  7,  and 
14,  1900;  Atkinson's  Biog.,  1878,  p.  332. 

448.  THOMAS  NOTLEY  MCLAUGHLIN— Born  Aug.  15,  i860,  D. 
C.     M.  D.,  1882,  Columbian.     President,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  1909-10. 

449.  ALBERT  CLARK  PATTERSON— Son  of  Dr.  D.  C.  Patterson, 
supra.  Born  May  8,  1854,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  M.  D.,  1879,  Columbian. 
Removed  from  Washington,  1896.  Returned  and  became  connected 
with  the  Health  Dept.,  D.  C. 

APRIL  3,  1889 

4.50.  EDWIN  LEE  MORGAN— Born  Sept.  29,  1855,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1879,  Med.  College,  Va.  Son  of  Edwin  Cecil  and  Evelina  Prosser  Lee 
Morgan.    Educated  at  Blackburn  and  Taylor  High  School  and  St.  John's 


DISTRICT    OF    COIA'MBIA  33 1 

Academy,  Alexandria,  Va.;  was  two  years  at  Virginia  Military  Institute, 
Lexington  ;  afterward  attended  Glenwood  Institute,  Md.  From  1879  to 
1886  was  Physician  to  Colville  Indian  Agency,  State  of  Washington  ; 
during  that  time  was  Coroner  for  two  terms.  Returned  to  Washington. 
Sometime  Physician  to  the  Poor;  Physician  to  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum. 
Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  Wash- 
ington ;  President,  Therapeutic  Society,  Washington  ;  member  Anthrop. 
Society,  Washington  ;  President,  1899-1900,  Library  Association,  D.  C. 
Grandson  of  Col.  Richard  Bland  Lee,  U.  S.  A.  Married,  Oct.  10,  1893, 
Mary  Garland  VanZandt.  See  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

451.  FRANCIS  BESANT  BISHOP— Born  Aug.  13,  1853,  Wilming- 
ton, N.  C.     M.  D.,  1883,  Univ.  Maryland. 

452.  WILLIAM  HIKES  HAWKEvS— Born  Oct.  25,  1845,  Meriden, 
Conn.  A.  B.,  1867,  Brown;  A.  M.,  1890,  Georgetown;  M.  D.,  1874,  Univ. 
Penna.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  suddenly,  March  13,  1904. 
Served  some  time  as  Assistant  to  the  Attending  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army  offi- 
cers, Washington.  Was  Prof.  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  and 
Clinical  Prof.,  Diseases  of  Children,  Georgetown  Med.  School;  Secretary 
of  Attending  Staff  and  Director  of  Clinic  for  Diseases  of  Children,  Emer- 
gency Hospital;  Attending  Physician,  Garfield  Hospital.  See  Stone's 
Biog.,  1894,  p.  636  ;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  23  and  April  13,  1904; 
Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1904-5,  III,  p.  239. 

OCTOBER  2,  1889 

453.  EUGENE  CHARLES  CURTIS  WINTER— Born  Aug.  13,  1848, 
Petersville,  Md.  Brother  of  Dr.  J.  T.  Winter,  supra.  M.  D.  and  Phar. 
D.,  1883,  Howard.  Since  graduation  has  practiced  in  Washington.  Is 
married.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  230. 

454.  WILLIAM  MERCER  SPRIGG— Born  April  3,  1864,  Petersburg, 
Va.     M.  D.,  1885,  Columbian. 

APRIL  2,  1890 

455.  THOMAS  RITCHIE  STONE— Born  July  18,  1856,  D.  C.  Son 
of  Dr.  R.  K.  Stone,  siipm.  M.  D.,  1884,  Univ.  Vermont.  Died  sud- 
denly. May  31,  1902,  of  acute  indigestion.  [Born  in  the  "  Stone"  house, 
corner  Fourteenth  and  F  Streets,  N.  W.,  that  was  built  by  his  grand- 
father, Wm.  J.  Stone.  His  mother  was  daughter  of  Thomas  Ritchie.] 
Educated  at  Emerson  Institute,  Washington,  and  William  and  Mary 
College,  Williamsburg,  Va.     After  graduation  in  medicine  he  traveled 


332  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

extensively  abroad  ;  then  practiced  three  years  in  California.  Returned 
to  Washington  in  1890  and  practiced  here  till  his  death.  Sometime  Pres- 
ident Clinico-Patholog.  Society  ;  on  the  Staff  of  Emergency  Hospital  ; 
member  of  Faculty  of  Med.  Dept.,  Columbian  College.  Married,  Jan, 
22,  1885,  Miss  Lelia  Whitney,  of  New  Orleans,  La.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  June  3,  1902;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1902,  p.  312. 

456.  JAMES  KERR— Born  Dec.  14,  1848,  Port  Steuart,  Co.  Derry, 
Ireland.  M.  D.,  M.  Ch.,  1870,  Royal  Univ.,  Belfast,  Ireland.  Father 
of  Dr.  H.  H.  Kerr,  infra.  Son  of  Abraham  John  and  Isabella  Kerr. 
Educated  at  Coleraine  Institute.  After  graduation  in  medicine  was  Sur- 
geon, Royal  Canadian  Mail  Service,  1871-3  ;  Surgeon,  H.  M.  Transport 
"No.  XII,"  Gold  Coast  Expedition,  1873-4;  Chief  Surgeon,  Canadian 
Pacific  Ry.,  1882-8;  Surgeon,  Canadian  Militia,  Riel  Rebellion,  1885; 
Prof.  Surgery,  Manitoba  Med.  College,  and  afterward  of  Georgetown 
Med.  School.  Member  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences.  Married,  at  Brantford, 
Ontario,  Canada,  July,  1876,  Laurie  I.  Bell,  daughter  of  Alexander 
Graham  Bell.  See  Who's  Who  in  America;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Wash- 
ington, 1908. 

457.  GAIUS  MARCUS  BRUMBAUGH— Born  May  7,  1862,  Hunting- 
don Co.,  Pa.  M.  E.,  1881,  M.  S.,  1897,  Juniata  College,  Huntingdon. 
M.  D.,  1885,  Howard  ;  1888,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Dr.  Andrew  B.  Brum- 
baugh (practicing  at  Huntingdon,  1866-1909),  and  Maria  Frank  Brum- 
baugh. Educated  in  private  schools  and  Huntingdon  Academy.  Taught 
sometime  in  public  schools.  Removed  to  Washington  in  1882.  Some- 
time in  departmental  service  ;  for  three  years  Asst.  Chief  of  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  Dept.  Agriculture.  Since  1887  has  practiced  medicine 
in  Washington.  Member  of  Board  of  U.  S.  Pension  Examining  Sur- 
geons ;  Med.  Association,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  A.  A.  A.  S. ;  Lecturer  on 
Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Nurses'  Training  School,  Washing- 
ton ;  Trustee,  Juniata  College.  Married,  Oct.  i,  1889,  Catherine  Elliott 
Brown,  daughter  of  Dr.  C.  W.  Brown,  infra.  See  Lamb's  History,  p, 
152;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

458.  GEORGE  GIDEON  MORRIS— Born  Oct.  23,  i860,  Mt.  Morris, 
Pa.  M,  D.,  1884,  Univ.  Maryland.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols.,  Spanish- 
American  War. 

459.  JAMES  CLARK  McGUIRE— Born  Feb.  i,  1853,  D.  C.  A.  M., 
1887,  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md.;  M.  D.,  1879,  Columbian. 
Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1881-3.  Author  of  Dermatological  Notes, 
Washington,  1888.  Prof.  Dermatology,  Hospital  School  of  Medicine, 
Louisville,  Ky.,  1886  to  1888,  and  Georgetown  Med.  School,  Washington, 
since  1892. 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  333 

460.  CHARLES  ROSCOE  LUCE— Born  Oct.  17,  1862,  in  New  York. 
]NL  D.,  1885,  Georgetown. 

461.  HENRY  BUCKMASTER  DEALE— Born  April  16,  1862,  in 
Maryland.  A.  B.,  1882;  A.  M.,  1885,  Dickinson;  M.  D.,  1887,  Colum- 
bian. 

462.  ARTHUR  JOSEPH  HALL— Born  March  7,  1858,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
M.  D.,  1886,  Columbian.  Son  of  Samuel  K.  and  Massie  D.  Hall.  Edu- 
cated in  public  schools  of  St.  Louis  and  Warrensburg,  Mo.  1882-1891, 
was  in  Government  Printing  Office,  Washington  ;  since  then  has  prac- 
ticed medicine  in  Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.; 
Amer.  Therap.  Society  ;  Secretary,  Therap.  Society,  Washington.  Mar- 
ried. 

463.  NEIL  FERGUSON  GRAHAM— Born  Feb.  9,  1840,  near  Lon- 
don, Canada.  M.  D.,  1861,  Cleveland.  Asst.  Surg,  and  Surgeon,  12th 
Ohio  Vols.,  and  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Vols.  Father  of  N.  D.  Graham,  infra. 
Of  Scotch  descent.  Son  of  Duncan  C.  and  Mary  Graham.  Educated  at 
county  school,  afterwards  at  Bailey's  Academy,  London.  Taught  school 
until  1859.  Was  Resident  Physician  one  year,  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital, 
Cleveland  ;  July  13,  1862,  was  appointed  Asst.  .Surgeon,  12th  Ohio  Vols.; 
promoted  to  Surgeon,  Dec.  28,  1862.  Served  in  Peninsular  Campaign 
and  battles  of  Manassas,  Bull  Run  and  Falls  Church,  Va.,  and  in  cam- 
paign in  Maryland  and  West  Virginia  ;  established  Seminary  Hospital, 
Clarksburg,  W.  Va.  On  detached  service  a  long  time  as  Brigade  Sur- 
geon. Was  twice  captured  by  the  enemy — at  Bull  Run  in  August,  1862, 
and  Cloyd's  Mountain,  W.  Va.,  May,  1864.  Mustered  out  with  regi- 
ment, July  II,  1864.  About  Aug.  i,  1864,  was  appointed  Acting  Staff 
Surgeon  ;  in  charge  of  large  general  field  hospital,  Sandy  Hook,  Md. 
(afterward  removed  to  Harper's  Ferry,  W.  Va.,  as  the  Island  Hospital), 
until  August,  1865.  Served  also  as  Surgeon-in-Chief  of  Militar}'  District 
of  Harper's  Ferry.  Practiced  medicine  two  years  at  Xenia,  Ohio.  In 
summer  of  1867  removed  to  Minnesota  and  practiced  at  Faribault  until 
1872.  Was  then  appointed  Asst.  Med.  Referee,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Pen- 
sions, Washington,  and  Examining  Surgeon  for  Pensions.  Resigned  as 
Referee  in  1885,  since  which  has  practiced  medicine  in  Washington.  Is 
married.  Prof.  Surgery,  1872  to  1902,  Howard  Med.  College  ;  member 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  Military  Order,  Loyal  Legion.  See  Who's  Who 
in  America;  Lamb's  History,  p.  119;  Powell's  History;  Powell's  Officers 
of  Army  and  Navy,  1893,  p.  342;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

464.  FREDERICK  SOHON— Born  Dec.  29,  1866,  D.  C.  Educated 
in  public  schools;  in  High  School  was  commanding  officer  of  cadet  corps. 
M.  D.,  Georgetown,  1888.     Was  Resident  Physician,  Emergency  Hospi- 


334  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

tal.  In  1890,  took  special  course,  Univ.  Vienna,  and  attended  clinics  in 
other  European  cities.  Returning  home,  was  appointed  for  two  years 
First  Asst.  at  Throat  and  Chest  clinic,  Central  Dispensary,  and  Instructor 
in  Physical  Diagnosis  at  Georgetown  Med.  School.  Was  medically  in 
the  auxiliary  expeditions  of  Commander  Peary  to  Arctic  regions,  1897, 
1903,  1905.  Member  A.  M.  A.;  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Med.  Society,  George- 
town Med.  School;  Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  D.  C. 

OCTOBER   8,  1890 

465.  EDWARD  ARTHUR  BALLOCH— Born  Jan.  2,  1857,  Great 
Falls,  N.  H.  A.  B.,  1877;  A.  M.,  1891,  Princeton;  M.  D.,  1879,  Howard. 
Son  of  George  W.  Balloch,  late  Brigadier  General,  U.  S.  Vols.  Has  re- 
sided in  Washington  since  1866  ;  attended  public  and  private  schools. 
Since  graduation  in  medicine  has  practiced  in  Washington.  Married  in 
June,  1886.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences;  ex- 
President  Alumni,  Howard  Med.  School.  Sometime  Examining  Sur- 
geon for  Pensions;  Attending  Surgeon,  Freedmen'sand  Sibley  Hospitals. 
Served  in  the  chairs  of  Practical  Anatomy,  1880-4;  Microscopy,  1884-6; 
Minor  Surgery,  1890-2  ;  Med.  Jurisprudence,  1891-5,  and  Surgery,  since 
1895,  Howard  Med.  School.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  123. 

466.  WILLIAM  HENRY  FOX— Born  Nov.  18,  1857,  D.  C.  A.  B., 
1877  ;  A,  M.,  1891,  Princeton.     M.  D.,  1884,  Columbian. 

467.  FRANCIS  XAVIER  DOOLEY— Born  May  11,  1841,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1865,  Georgetown.  Also  Druggist  in  D.  C.  Dropped,  1894,  from 
membership. 

468.  EDWARD  OLIVER  BELT— Born  May  19,  1861,  Rock  Hall, 
Frederick  Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1886,  Univ.,  Maryland.  Licentiate  M.  C. 
F.,  Maryland.  Killed  in  railroad  accident,  Dec.  30,  1906.  [Son  of  John 
Lloyd  and  Sarah  Eleanor  McGill  Belt  ;  descendant  of  Hon.  Wm.  Bur- 
gess who  founded  South  River,  Md.,  and  was  member  of  State  Council, 
Deputy  Governor,  Justice  of  High  Provincial  Court  and  General  of  the 
Military  forces  of  the  province.]  Attended  public  schools  of  Frederick 
and  Montgomery  counties,  and  Frederick  College,  Maryland.  Studied 
medicine  with  his  brother,  Dr.  Alfred  M.  Belt,  of  Baltimore.  Practiced 
medicine  a  few  months  in  Frederick  Co.,  then  for  two  years  was  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  Baltimore. 
Afterward  studied  ophthalmology  and  otology,  Univ.  Vienna  and  hos- 
pitals of  Paris,  Berlin  and  London  ;  next  took  post-graduate  course  in 
Histology  and  Pathology  at  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.,  Baltimore,  and  was 
Visiting  Surgeon  to  the  above  mentioned  hospital.     In  October,  18S9, 


DISTRICT    OF     COLUMBIA  335 

removed  to  Washington,  where  he  afterwards  practiced  his  specialty. 
Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Society  of  Ophthalmology  and  Otology, 
Washington,  of  which  he  was  President;  A.  M.  A.;  the  originator  and 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital, 
Washington,  and  Surgeon  and  Executive  Officer  to  the  same.  Ophthal- 
mologist and  Otologist,  Freedmen's  Hospital,  D.  C,  and  Baltimore  and 
OhioR.  R.;  Consulting  Ophthalmologist  to  City  and  Emergency  Hospi- 
tals, Frederick,  Md.;  Prof.  Ophthalmology  and  Otology,  Howard  Med. 
School.  May  18,  1899,  married  Emily  Walker  Norvell.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  Jan.  16,  1907  ;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1907-8,  VI,  p.  53; 
Watson's  Biog.,  1896,  p.  103  ;  Lamb's  History,  p.  129  ;  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  Washington,  190S;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  1903,  p. 
317  ;    Univ.  Maryland,  p.  392. 

469.  RICHARD  SMITH  HILL— Born  July  9,  1S64,  Prince  George 
Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1886,  Georgetown.  Dropped,  1897,  from  membership. 
Removed,  1898,  to  Upper  Marlboro,  Md.,  and  retired  from  practice. 

470.  THOMAS  BEAL  HOOD— Born  March  19,  1829,  Fairview,  Ohio. 
A.  M.,  1874,  Ohio  Wesleyan  Univ.;  M.  D.,  1862,  Western  Reserve, 
Cleveland;  1865,  Univ.  Maryland.  Asst.  Surg.,  76th  Ohio;  Asst.  Surg., 
and  Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols;  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  Medical  Referee, 
U.  S.  Pension  Bureau.  Died  March  15,  1900.  Son  of  Dr.  James  Hood. 
Educated  at  Seminary  at  Blendon,  Robinson's  High  School,  West  Rush- 
ville,  and  Ohio  Wesleyan  Univ.,  Delaware,  Ohio.  Next  attended  Med. 
Dept.,  Univ.  Maryland,  one  course  ;  then  practiced  medicine  with  his 
father,  at  Gratiot,  Ohio,  afterwards  at  Columbus,  North  Lewisburg  and 
Newark,  Ohio.  Served,  1861-3,  at  Ft.  Donelson,  Shiloh,  Corinth  ;  re- 
signed in  1863  because  of  illness,  was  recommissioned  in  1864  and 
served  as  Attending  Physician  to  sick  and  wounded  officers.  New  York 
City,  1864-5,  and  in  charge  of  Hospital  Transport  on  the  Potomac  river, 
and  at  the  close  of  the  war,  dismantled  the  hospitals  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  Surgeon  in  Chief,  Division  of  Mississippi,  1865-6.  Afterwards 
resumed  practice  at  Newark,  Ohio  ;  1867  to  1874,  was  Assistant  in  Provost 
Marshal  General's  Ofl&ce,  Washington,  and  1874- 1885,  Med.  Referee,  U. 
S.  Pension  Bureau  ;  Examining  Surgeon  of  Pensions,  1872-1893  ;  mem- 
ber Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Military  Order  Loyal  Legion  ;  Director,  Ohio 
National  Bank,  Washington  ;  Prof.  Anatomy,  Howard  Med.  School, 
1870-1  ;  of  Practice  of  Medicine,  1877-91  ;  Dean  of  Faculty,  1881-1900. 
Married,  1850,  Margaret,  daughter  of  Samuel  Winegarner  ;  June,  1854, 
Mary,  widow  of  Dr.  Eliphalet  Hyde,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  daughter 
of  Wm.  C.  Boggs.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  21  and  28,  1900  ; 
Trans  Med.  Society,  1900,  V,  p.  60;  Lamb's  History,  p.  115  ;  Nat.  Med. 
Review,  1900-1,  p.  156. 


336  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

APRIL  1,  1891 

471.  JOSEPH  THEOPHILUS  DAVIDSON  HOWARD— Son  of  Dr. 
J.  T.  Howard,  supra.  Born  Nov.  20,  1866,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1889,  George- 
town. Resigned,  Nov.  20,  1901.  Removed  to  Shiloh,  N.  J.,  then  to 
Falls  Church,  Va.     Sometime  in  the  Indian  service. 

472.  CHARLES  KNELLER  KOONES— Born  Oct.  24,  1866,  Rich- 
mond, Va.     M.  D.,  1887,  Columbian. 

473.  JOHN  DUNCAN  McKIM— Born  Jan.  4,  1864,  Staunton,  Va. 
M.  D.,  1886,  Univ.  Va.  Died  April  23,  1892,  of  consumption.  See  Min- 
utes Med.  Society,  April  27  and  May  4,  1892. 

474.  WILLIAM  HOLLAND  WILMER— Born  Aug.  26,  1863,  Pow- 
hatan Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1885,  Univ.  Va.  Interne,  Mt.  Sinai  Hospital, 
New  York,  1885-7  \  Lecturer  on  Ophthalmology,  New  York  Polyclinic, 
1887-9;  one  of  the  attending  Ophthalmologists  to  Bellevue  Hospital,  out- 
door department,  1887-9 1  Prof.  Ophthalmology,  Georgetown  Med. 
School ;  Attending  Ophthalmologist,  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat 
Hospital,  and  Emergency  and  Garfield  Hospitals,  Washington.  Member 
Amer.  Ophthalmol.  Society  ;  A.  M.  A.  ;  Society  Ophthalmologists  and 
Otologists,  Washington  ;  Clinico-Patholog.  Society,  D.  C.  ;  Hereditary 
Member,  Society  Cincinnati. 

475.  LOUIS  KELLY  BEATTY— Born  Jan.  31.  1857,  in  Iowa.  M.  D., 
1881,  Columbian. 

476.  JOSEPH  LACY  BRAYSHAW— Born  Jan.  21,  1855,  Wethered- 
ville,  Md.  M.  D.,  1888,  College  Phys.  and  Surg.,  Baltimore.  Dropped, 
1897,  from  membership  ;  reelected,  Oct.  6,  1897  ;  dropped  again,  1900. 
Removed  to  Parole,  Anne  Arundel  Co.,  Md. 

477.  GEORGE  JOHN  LOCHBOEHLER— Born  April  18,  1865,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  Phar.  D.,  1S84,  National  College  Pharmacy,  D.  C.  ;  M.  D., 
1889,  Georgetown. 

478.  WILLIAM  KENNEDY  BUTLER— Born  March  7,  1857,  D.  C. 
A.  M.,  1879;  M.  D.,  1882,  Columbian.  Son  of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  G.  Butler.  In 
charge  of  Lutheran  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary. 

479.  ROBERT  MAITLAND  ELLYSON— Born  Jan.  i,  1862,  Peters- 
burg, Va.     M.  D.,  1888,  Columbian.     Resigned  Jan.  24,  1900. 

480.  ARTHUR  SNOWDEN— Born  Aug.  8,  1862,  in  Virginia.  M.  D., 
1883,  JefFerson.     Resigned  Oct.  9,  1895,  and  removed  to  Alexandria,  Va. 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  337 

181.  WILLIAM  T.  GILL— Born  Feb.  17,  1865,  in  Kentucky.  M.  D., 
1S87,  Columbian. 

OCTOBER   1,  1891 

4S2.  CLIFTON  MAYFIELD— Born  Feb.  6,  1858,- D.  C.  M.  D.,  1880, 
Columbian.  Sometime  Surgeon,  Metropolitan  Police;  President,  1905-6, 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Resigned  from  Society,  Oct.  7,  1908,  and  removed  to 
Canarsie,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

483.  EDMUND  LEE  TOMPKINS— Born  Nov.  i8,  1862,  Richmond, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1885,  Univ.  Va.  Resigned  Nov.  11,  1903.  Removed  to 
Fine  Creek  Mills,  Va. 

484.  WILLIAM  SINCLAIR  BOWEN— Born  June  14,  1866,  Wood- 
ville.  Prince  George  Co.,  Md.  Graduated,  1883,  Charlotte  Hall,  Md. 
M.  D.,  1888,  Univ.  Maryland. 

485.  LOUIS  MACKALL,  Jr.— Born  Nov.  25,  1867,  D.  C.  Son  of  Dr. 
Louis  Mackall,  j«/ra.  M.  D.,  1890,  Columbian.  President,  Med.  Assn., 
D.  C,  1908-9. 

486.  JOHN  FRANCIS  PRICE— Born  Nov.  23,  1850,  Charles  Co., 
Md.  M.  D.,  1S75,  Washington  Univ.,  Baltimore.  Died  Nov.  17,  1903, 
Denver,  Colo.  Practiced  at  his  Maryland  home,  1875  to  1890,  when  he 
removed  to  Washington,  where  he  continued  to  practice.  In  1901  he 
contracted  influenza,  on  which  tuberculosis  supervened.  See  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  Nov.  18  and  Dec.  2,  1903;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1903-4,  II, 
p.  486. 

487.  JAMES  FOSTER  SCOTT— Born  Jan.  22,  1863,  India.  A.  B., 
1884,  Yale;  M.  D.,  1888,  Edinburgh.  Author  of  Sexual  instinct,  N.  Y., 
1S99. 

488.  B.  ASHBOURNE  CAPEHART— Born  April  2,  1865,  near  Eden- 
ton,  N.  C.  M.  D.,  1886,  Univ.  Maryland.  Dropped  from  membership, 
1904.  Died  Dec.  20,  1904,  New  York  City.  He  studied  about  two  years 
in  hospitals  in  Vienna  and  Berlin.  Married,  November,  1898,  Mrs. 
Palmer,  great  granddaughter  of  Chancellor  Kent,  of  New  York.  Prac- 
ticed about  one  year  in  the  Bermudas. 

489.  AMELIA  ERBACH— Born  Aug.  22,  i860,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1889, 
Columbian. 

490.  JOHN  THOMAS  KELLEY,  Jr.— Born  Dec.  7,  1863,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1890,  Columbian.  Gynecologist,  Providence  Hospital ;  Associate 
at  Georgetown  Univ.  Hospital. 

22 


338  MEDICAI.    SOCIETY 

491.  CHARLES  W  BROWN— Born  Oct.  ii,  1846,  Wyalusing,  Pa. 
M.  D.,  1871,  Long  Island  Med.  College.  Son  of  Daniel  Warren  and 
Catharine  King  Brown.  Educated  in  public  schools.  Studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  C.  V.  Elliott,  Mansfield,  Pa.  After  graduation  practiced  in 
Mansfield  five  years  ;  while  there,  served  as  Trustee  of  State  Normal 
School.  Removed  to  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  in  1877  and  practiced  there  until  he 
came  to  Washington,  in  1890.  Was  Physician  to  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  State 
Reformatory  ;  Surgeon  for  D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.;  Health  Officer  of  Elmira 
two  terms  ;  member  Tioga  Co.,  Pa.,  Medical  Society  (Sec'y  and  Pres't)  ; 
Penna.  State  Medical  Society  ;  Chemung  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Med.  Society;  Sec- 
retary, Elmira  Acad.  Medicine  ;  one  of  the  founders  N.  Y.  State  Med. 
Assn.;  Secretary  and  President,  Third  District  Branch  of  same  ;  member 
A.  M.  A.  since  1872  ;  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  Lecturer  on  Surgery,  Nurses' 
Training  School,  Sibley  Hospital,  Washington.  Married  Mary  E.  Elli- 
ott, of  Mansfield,  Pa.,  Jan.  i,  1866.  See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washing- 
ton, 1908. 

492.  ELMER  HEZEKIAH  SOTHORON— Born  Oct.  13,  1868,  D.  C. 
Son  of  Dr.  J.  T.  Sothoron,  stipra.  B.  A.,  1887,  Ashland  College,  Ohio. 
M.  D.,  1890,  Bellevue.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  ex-Pres- 
ident, Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  D.  C;  member  Wash.  Obstet.  and 
Gynecol.  Society ;  Examining  Surgeon,  Bureau  of  Pensions.  See 
Lamb's  History,  p.  262. 

493.  CHARLES  HENRY  STOWELL— Born  Oct.  27,  1850,  Perry,  N. 
Y.  M.  D.,  1872,  Univ.  Mich.  Removed,  Oct.  1897,  to  Lowell,  Mass. 
Co-editor,  The  Microscope,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  1881-8.  Editor  of 
Trained  Motherhood,  Food  and  Practical  Medicine.  Editor  and 
publisher.  National  Medical  Review,  Washington.  Author  of  The 
student's  manual,  of  histology,  etc.,  Detroit,  1881.  A  healthy  body,  N. 
Y.,  1892;  Primer  of  health,  N.  Y.,  1894;  Essentials  of  health,  N.  Y., 
1898;  The  microscopic  structure  of  a  human  tooth,  etc.,  Ann  Arbor,  1888; 
Stowell  and  Stowell,  Microscopical  diagnosis,  Detroit,  1882.  Son  of  David 
P.  Stowell.  Educated  at  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary,  1868.  After  grad- 
uation in  medicine  was  Prof.  Histology  and  Microscopy,  Univ.  Michigan. 
Practiced  medicine  in  Washington,  1885-97.  See  Who's  Who  in  Amer- 
ica ;   Appleton's  Biog.,  1889,  V,  p.  715. 

494.  FAYETTE  CLAY  EWING— Born  May  28,  1862,  La  Fourche 
Parish,  La.  M.  D.,  1884,  Jefferson.  Removed,  about  1890,  to  Kansas 
City,  Mo.  Educated  at  Univ.  of  the  South,  Sewanee,  Tenn.,  and  at  Univ. 
Mississippi,  at  Oxford.  After  graduation  in  medi^cine  spent  one  year  at 
clinics  at  Charity  Hospital,  New  Orleans.  Practiced  medicine  in  Wash- 
ington  till    1892.     Then   for   six   months  attended  New  York  Polyclinic 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  339 

and  Metropolitan  Throat  Hosp.  Removed  with  his  family  to  London, 
England,  1893.  Attended  London  Post-Graduate  School,  Laryngeal  and 
Chest  Diseases.  Served  one  year  as  Clinical  Asst.  at  Central  London 
Throat  and  Ear  Hosp.  and  London  Throat  Hosp.;  "Asst.  Surg,  on  Staff  of 
the  latter.  Later  attended  clinics  in  Vienna.  Began  the  practice  of 
Oto-laryngology,  exclusively,  in  St.  Louis  in  1893.  Was  delegate,  1894, 
from  Amer.  Med.  Assn.  to  Internat.  Med.  Congress,  Madrid,  Spain.  In 
1899  Delegate  from  West.  Acad.  Oto-laryngology,  to  Internat.  Otolog. 
Congress,  London,  England  ;  vi'as  Vice  Pres.  said  Society,  1900  ;  late 
Fellow  Brit.  Rhinol.,  Laryngol.  and  Otol.  Assn.  ;  original  Fellow  Royal 
Society  Med.,  Great  Britain  ;  was  Abstract  Editor,  The  Laryngoscope, 
St.  Louis,  for  eight  years.  On  staff  of  various  hospitals,  St.  Louis.  Trus- 
tee, Univ.  of  the  South.  See  Who's  Who  in  America;  Tri-State  Med. 
Jour.,  St.  Louis,  1897,  IV,  p.  379. 

495.  GEORGE  ALBERT  COGGESHALL— Born  March  17,  1S43, 
Portsmouth,  R.  I.  A.  M.,  1866,  Trinity  College,  Hartford,  Conn.  M.  D., 
1879,  Bellevue.  Removed,  1893,  to  Oxford,  N.  C,  thence,  1900,  to 
Henderson,  N.  C. 

APRIL  6,  1892 

496.  WILLIAM  CHARLES  FOWLER— Born  Nov.  24,  1864,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1888,  Georgetown.  Chief  Inspector,  Health  Office,  Washington. 
See  Lamb's  History,  p.  243. 

497.  JOHN  SPEED  McLAIN— Born  Aug.  9,  1848,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1871,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  Died  June  2,  1907. 
Son  of  Rev.  Wm.  and  Maria  Louisa  Mosby  McLain.  Educated  at 
Rittenhouse  Academy,  Washington,  and  by  private  tutors.  After  grad- 
uation in  medicine  practiced  in  Washington  for  three  years ;  House 
Surgeon  at  Providence  Hospital  in  1873.  In  1874,  appointed  Acting  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  and  served  with  8th  U.  S.  Cavalry  in  New  Mexico  ; 
participated  in  many  expeditions  into  the  Pan  Handle  of  Texas,  the 
"Staked  Plains,"  Indian  Territory,  and  Colorado.  Crossed  the  Rio 
Grande  into  Mexico  to  check  cattle  stealing.  Afterwards  served  at 
military  posts  in  Texas  till  1879.  Was  Medical  Officer  and  Botanist  in 
the  expedition  to  survey  and  explore  the  country  west  of  the  Pecos  river, 
Texas.  Continued  to  serve  in  Texas  and  Kansas  till  1882,  when  yellow 
fever  broke  out  along  the  Rio  Grande;  had  charge  of  yellow  fever  camp. 
Retired  from  service  Nov.  18,  1883,  returned  to  Washington  and  resumed 
practice.  Prof.  Toxicology,  Med.  Dept.,  National  University,  Washing- 
ton. Sometime  President,  Board  of  Med.  vSupervisors,  Washington  ; 
member  Med.  Association,  D.  C;  Therapeutic  Society,  Washington; 
Amer.  Med.  Association.      Unmarried.      See  Stone's  Biog.,  1894,  p.  308; 


340  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Who's  Who  in  America;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908; 
Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  2,  1907 ;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1907,  VI,  p. 
393- 

498.  JEANNETTE  JUDSON  SUMNER— Born  Nov.  15,  1846,  Con- 
stantine,  Mich.  Daughter  of  Dr.  Watson  and  Hester  Ann  Welling  Sum- 
ner. M.  D.,  1883,  Woman's  Med.  College,  Philadelphia.  Dues  remitted, 
Jan.  16,  1895,  because  of  continued  illness.     Died  Nov.  12,  1906. 

499.  CHARLES  GRANVILLE  STONE— Born  Nov.  30,  1846,  Freder- 
ick Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1872,  Univ.  Maryland.  Son  of  Wm.  H.  and  Cor- 
nelia D.  Norris  Stone — the  Stones  from  Virginia,  the  Norrises  from 
Maryland.  Educated  in  private  schools  in  Maryland.  Studied  den- 
tistry with  his  brother.  Dr.  Llewellyn  Stone,  of  Baltimore  ;  afterwards 
medicine  with  Profs.  Miles  and  Chisholm,  of  Baltimore.  Since  grad- 
uation has  practiced  in  Washington.  Sometime  Physician  to  the  Poor  ; 
Phj'sician  to  B.  and  O.  R.  R.  Co.  Relief  Association  ;  Surgeon  to  Bright- 
wood  Electric  R.  R.  Co.,  and  Washington  R.  R.  and  Electric  Co.  One 
of  the  Directors  Casualty  Hospital.  Member  Med.  Assn.  D.  C;  A.M. 
A.;  and  Washington  Board  of  Trade.  Married,  in  1870,  Dora  L.  Higgins; 
in  1883,  Mary  Florence  Rapley.     See  Univ.  Maryland,  1907,  II,  p.  348. 

500.  JAMES  JOSEPH  CARROLL— Born  April  14,  1858,  D.  C.  B. 
S.,  1875,  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md.;  M.  D.,  1877,  Columbian. 
Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Died  Nov.  5,  1899.  See  Minutes  Med.  So- 
ciety, Nov.  8  and  15,  1899  ;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  IV,  1899,  pp.  173  and 
181  ;  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1S99-1900,  IX,  p.  538. 

501.  ARTHUR  CARLOS  MERRIAM— Born  July  27,  1866,  D.  C. 
Son  of  Dr.  E.  C.  Merriam,  stipra.     M.  D.,  1889,  Columbian. 

502.  CHARLES  READ  COLLINS— Born  Feb.  6,  1862,  King  George, 
Va.     M.  D.,  1884,  Jefferson. 

503.  WILLIAM  J.  DILLENBACK— Born  Jan.  30,  1865,  N.  Y.  M. 
D.,  1888,  Columbian. 

504.  IDA  JOHANNA  HEIBERGER— Born  in  Washington.  M.  D., 
1885,  Woman's  Med.  College,  Philadelphia.  One  of  the  founders  Wo- 
man's Clinic,  W^ashington. 

505.  JOHN  FRANCIS  MORAN— Born  June  8,  1864,  D.  C.  A.  B., 
1894;  M.  D.,  1887,  Georgetown.  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  1891-6 ; 
Clinical  Prof.  Obstetrics,  1896-1900 ;  Prof.  Obstetrics,  1900-6,  George- 
town  Med.    School.     Obstetrician   Columbia   Hospital,    1896-1900,    and 


DISTRICT     OF     COIvUMBIA  34 1 

Georgetown  Univ.  Hospital,  1900-6.  Member  Washington  Acad.  Sci- 
ences ;  Obstet.  and  Gynecol.  Society,  Washington  ;  Southern  Surg,  and 
Gynecol.  Assn.;  Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  Washington.  Contributor  to 
Peterson's  "Practice  of  Obstetrics." 

506.  ISAAC  SCOTT  STONE— Born  March  i,  1851,  Sandy  Spring, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1872;  Sc.  D.,  1907,  Univ.  Maryland.  Son  of  James  H.  and 
Martha  A.  Scott  Stone.  Educated  at  Academy,  Wilmington,  Del.,  and 
public  schools  of  Maryland.  After  graduation  in  medicine  pursued  his 
medical  studies  in  New  York  City  and  London,  England.  Practiced  in 
Virginia  and  Washington.  Prof.  Gynecology,  Georgetown  Med.  School, 
1892  ;  Surgeon  to  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women  and  Georgetown  Univ. 
Hospital.  Member  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences  ;  Amer.  Gynecolog.  Society  ; 
Washington  Gynecolog.  Society  ;  A.  M.  A.  ;  A.  A,  A,  S.  One  of  the 
founders  Southern  Surg,  and  Gynecolog.  Assn.  Life  member  British  Gy- 
necol. Society.  Married,  Nov.  16,  1875,  Thomasin  J.  Taylor,  of  Virginia. 
See  Who's  Who  in  America;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908; 
Univ.  Maryland,  1907,  II,  p.  349. 

507.  JOHNSON  ELIOT,  Jr.— Born  May  6,  1868,  D.  C,  Son  of  Dr. 
Johnson  Eliot,  supra.  Graduated,  1886,  St.  John's  College,  Washing- 
ton.    A.  M.,  Gonzaga,  1908;  M.  D.,  1890,  Georgetown. 

OCTOBER    5,    1892 

508.  FRANCIS  ALPHONZO  ST.  CLAIR— Born  July  21,  1861,  Al- 
bion, N.  Y.  Phar.  D.,  1886,  Nat.  Coll.  Pharmacy,  D.  C.  ;  M.  D.,  1S90, 
Georgetown. 

509.  RICHARD  ALOYSIUS  NEALE— Born  Oct.  15,  1850,  D.  C. 
Sometime  in  the  drug  business.  M.  D.,  1870,  Georgetown.  Ward  Phy- 
sician several  years.     Removed,  1896,  to  Chicago,  111, 

510.  STEUART  BROWN  MUNCASTER— Born  Sept.  i6,  1857,  D.  C. 
Brother  of  Dr.  Magruder  Muncaster,  supra.  M.  D.,  1885,  Georgetown. 
Licentiate,  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland,  1892.  Practices  in  Washington.  See 
Cordell's  Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  1903,  p.  513. 

511.  JOSHUA  LAMBERT  DULANEY— Born  Sept.  12,  1838,  Balti- 
more, Md.  Asst.  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.  M.  D.,  1868,  Univ.  Maryland.  Re- 
signed Jan.  27,  1908. 

512.  HENRY  LOUIS  HAYES— Born  Feb.  17,  1867,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
M.  D.,  1890,  Georgetown.  Resigned  Jan.  23,  1901,  and  removed  to 
Hilo,  Hawaii. 


342  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

513.  WILLIAM  PHILLIPS  CARR— Born  May  lo,  1858,  Boydton, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1888,  Columbian.  President,  1896-7.  Medical  Assn.,  D.  C. 
Father  of  Dr.  W.  B.  Carr,  infra.  Son  of  Prof.  Wm.  B.  and  Laura  Phil- 
lips Carr.  Educated  at  Leesburg,  Va.,  Academy,  1870-4  ;  Randolph- 
Macon  College,  1874-6.  Was  Prof.  Physiology,  Columbian  Univ.,  D.  C; 
Prosector  and  Lecturer  on  Anatomy  in  same,  1896-9  ;  sometime  Coroner, 
D.  C;  Surgeon,  Metropolitan  Police  and  FireDept. ;  Surgeon  to  Emer- 
gency Hospital  and  University  Hospital,  Washington  ;  Consulting  Sur- 
geon, Wash.  Asylum  Hosp.  and  Govt.  Hosp.  Insane,  D.  C. ;  member  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecol.  Society  ;  Wash.  Acad.  Sci- 
ences ;  Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Virginia  Med.  Society; 
A.  A.  A.  S. ;  Assn.  Amer.  Anatomists  ;  Fellow  Southern  Surg,  and  Gyne- 
col. Assn.  Married  at  Hamilton,  Va.,  Feb.  15,  1883,  Georgia  O.  Carter. 
See  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Amer.  Men  of  Science,  1906  ;  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

5U.  ROBERT  EDMOND  HENNING— Born  Jan.  22,  1864,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1885,  Georgetown.  Resigned  Aug.  31,  1893,  and  removed  to 
Cheriton,  Va, 

olo.  JOSEPH  N.  GARDNER— Born  Feb.  24,  i860,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1889,  Univ.  Maryland.  Removed  to  Baltimore,  Md.  Dropped,  1895, 
from  membership. 

516.  W^ILLIAM  CREIGHTON  WOODWARD— Born  Dec.  11,  1S67, 
D.  C.  M.  D.,  1889;  LL.  B.,  1899;  LL.  M.,  1900,  Georgetown.  Son  of 
Mark  Rittenhouse  and  Martha  Jane  Pursell  Woodward,  of  Washington. 
Educated  in  public  schools  of  Washington  ;  graduated  from  High  School 
in  1885.  Employed  in  Washington  Post  Office,  18S6-91.  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Central  Dispensary  and  Emergency  Hospital,  1892;  Physician  to 
the  Poor,  1893.  July  20,  1893,  appointed  Coroner,  D.  C.  Since  Aug.  i, 
1894,  Health  Officer,  D.  C.  ;  Secretary  to  Board  of  Medical  Supervisors, 
D.  C,  for  some  years.  Prof.  State  Medicine,  Georgetown,  Columbian 
and  Howard  Medical  Schools  ;  Prof.  Med.  Jurisprudence,  Georgetown 
Law  School.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  A.  M.  A.  ;  Amer.  Public 
Health  Assn;  Washington  Board  of  Trade.  Married,  Feb.  14,  1895,  Ray 
Elliott,  daughter  of  Alexander  and  Mary  Lavinia  Scaggs  Elliott.  See 
Who's  Who  in  America;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908;  History 
City  of  Washington,  1903,  p.  76. 

517.  DANIEL  KERFOOT  SHUTE— Born  Oct.  22,  1858,  Alexandria, 
Va.  A.  B.,  1879;  M.  D.,  1883,  Columbian.  Son  of  Samuel  Moore  and 
Jane  Cecilia  Kerfoot  Shute.  After  graduation  in  medicine  took  post- 
graduate course  in  Ophthalmology  at  Royal  London  Ophthalmic  Hospi- 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  343 

tal  and  Univ.  Berlin,  Germany.  Acting  Clinical  Asst.  at  London  Hos- 
pital, 1891.  Prosector  to  Chair  of  Anatomy,  Columbian  College  Med. 
School,  Washington,  1886-7  ;  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  1887-8;  Prof.  Anat- 
omy since  1888  ;  Consulting  Ophthalmologist,  Univ.  Hospital,  Central 
Dispensary  and  Emergency  Hospital,  Providence  Hospital,  Columbia 
Hospital  and  Govt.  Hosp.  Insane,  D.  C.  Ex-President,  Wash.  Society 
Ophthalmologists  and  Otologists.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  Wash. 
Acad.  Sciences ;  Wash.  Anthropolog.  Society ;  Clinico-Path,  Society, 
Washington;  Microscop.  Society,  Washington;  A.  M.  A.;  A.  A.  A.  S.; 
Assn.  Amer.  Anatomists;  Society  of  Cincinnati  (hereditary  member). 
Author  of  A  first  book  in  organic  evolution,  Chicago,  1899.  Contributor 
to  Reference  Handbook  Med.  Sciences.  Married,  at  Waltham,  Mass., 
Aug.  19,  1896,  Augusta  Pettigrew.  See  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Amer. 
Men  of  Science,  1906;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

.518.  JAMES  HENRY  MORGAN  BARBER— Born  Aug.  4,  1866, 
Yates  Hope,  Md.     M.  D.,  1888,  Georgetown. 

519.  JOHN  EDGAR  WALSH— Born  March  16,  1865,  D.  C.     M.  D., 

1890,  Columbian.  Son  of  John  J.  and  Elizabeth  Walsh.  Educated  in 
public  schools,  Washington,  and  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md. 
Was  Physician-Surgeon  to  Peary  Relief  Expedition,  1895.  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Wash.  Asylum  Hospital;  Attending  Physician,  St.  Ann's  Infant 
Asylum;  Bacteriologist  and  Med.  Sanitary  Inspector,  D.  C. ,  since  1895. 
Invented  a  lock  system  for  mail  boxes  and  a  safety  watch-guard  device. 
Married,  Nov.  4,  1897,  Florence  Butler.  See  Amer,  Biog.  Direct.,  Wash- 
ington, 1908. 

APRIL  S,  1893 

520.  JEFFERSON  DAVIS  BRADFIELD— Born  Feb.  8,  1868,  Fau- 
quier Co.,  Va.     Phar.   D,,    1886,  Virginia  Board  of  Pharmacy;   M.  D., 

1891,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Cornelius  Henry  and  Annie  Elizabeth  Holmes 
Bradfield.  Educated  in  private  and  public  schools,  Alexandria,  Va. 
Practiced  pharmacy  until  1S91.  Married,  Dec.  27,  1893,  Flora  Johnson. 
See  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  257. 

521.  FRANCIS  SMITH  NASH— Born  Nov.  23,  1854,  Virginia.  A.  B., 
1876,  Hampden-Sidney  ;  M.  D.,  1877,  Univ.  Va.  Asst.  Surgeon,  Passed 
Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Navy.  Resigned  from  Society,  May  3,  1905.  See 
Hamersly's  Officers  of  Navy,  1890,  p.  279. 

522.  JOHN  VAN  RENSSELAER— Born  April  4,  1862,  Belleville,  N. 
J.  A.  B.,  1882  ;  A.  M.,  1886,  Hobart  College,  N.  Y.  ;  M.  D.,  1889,  Co- 
lumbian. 


344  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

523.  ALBERT  EUGENE  JOHNSON— Born  Dec.  9,  1840,  Coopers- 
town,  N.  Y.     M.  D,,  1869,  Columbian. 

524.  SAMUEL  LUNT  HANNON— Born  Sept.  22,  1858,  Pomonkey, 
Charles  Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1888,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U. 
S.  A.,  in  war  with  Spain.  Dropped  from  membership,  1901.  Removed 
to  La  Plata,  Md.  Son  of  Charles  E.  and  Elizabeth  H.  Lunt  Hannon 
[daughter  of  Samuel  H.  Lunt,  Alexandria,  Va.].  Educated  at  Henry 
School  and  Potomac  Academy,  Alexandria.  Engaged  sometime  in  phar- 
macy. During  yellow  fever  epidemic  of  1876-7  was  in  drug  stores  in 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  Paris,  Texas;  and  in  drug  store,  Washington,  from 
1879  to  about  1883.  Was  awarded  a  scholarship,  1885,  in  Columbian 
Med.  College,  Washington.  On  House  Staff,  Children's  Hospital,  Wash- 
ington, 1885-9,  and  Garfield  Hospital,  1888.  Physician  to  Emergency 
Hospital,  1891-3.  Surgeon  at  Fort  Stevens,  North  Dakota,  in  the  Indian 
Bureau,  1889-90.  Member  of  Society  of  Phj'sicians  and  Surgeons  to  the 
Poor,  Washington.  Married,  Sept.  5,  1881,  HoUie  E.  Hutton,  Alexan- 
dria, daughter  of  George  Hutton,  Liverpool,  England.  See  Watson's 
Biog.,  1896,  p.  6x2. 

525.  MAYNE  MARSHALL  PILE— Born  Sept.  10,  1850,  Somerset, 
Pa.     M.  D.,  1884,  Woman's  Med.  College,  Baltimore, 

526.  RUFUS  DELBERT  BOSS— Born  April  19,  1S61,  Riley,  Mich. 
M.  D.,  1891,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  in  war  with 
Spain.     Removed,  1901,  to  Wacousta,  Mich. 

527.  FREDERICH  EDWARD  MAXCY— Born  May  15,  1853.  Gardi- 
ner, Me.  M.  D.,  1879,  Bowdoin.  Died  Dec.  25,  1908.  Son  of  Ira  and 
Sarah  A.  Fuller  Maxcy.  Educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Gardiner  ; 
graduated  from  the  High  School,  Westbrook  (Maine)  Seminary,  and 
Cooper  Institute,  N.  Y.  City.  In  1880  was  Interne  at  Maine  General 
Hospital,  Portland.  Practiced  in  Saco,  Me.,  1881-91,  then  removed  to 
Washington,  D.  C.  Member,  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Lecturer,  Nurses' 
Training  School,  Freedmen's  Hospital,  Washington;  Clinical  Lecturer, 
Practice  of  Medicine,  Howard  Med.  School.  Married,  Jan.  18,  1883, 
Estelle  A.  Gilpatric,  of  Saco,  Me.  See  Lamb's  History,  p.  139 ;  Minutes 
Med.  Society,  Jan.  20  and  27,  1908  ;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1909,  p.  71. 

528.  JOHN  HENRY  McCORMICK— Born  March  25,  1870,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1891,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.  Son  of  John  H.  and  Julia  A.  McCor- 
mick.  Educated  in  public  schools  and  Georgetown  College,  Washing- 
ton. Married,  in  Washington,  Sept.  16,  1890,  Aimee  Sioussat.  Was 
Asst.  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  Med.  School,  1891-2  ;  Prof.  Natural 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  345 

Sciences,  Mt.  Vernon  Seminary,  Washington,  1890-1;  and  Washington 
Seminary,  1892-6;  Secy.,  Anthropolog.  Society,  Washington,  1893-1900; 
Asst.  Secy.,  Amer.  Folk-Lore  Society;  Asso.  Editor,  Amer.  Antiquarian, 
1894-1896.  Practiced  medicine,  Washington,  1890-1904  ;  Secy.,  8th  In- 
ternat.    Geograph.  Congress,  1904.     See  Who's  Who  in  America. 

529.  CHARLES  MILTON  BUCHANAN— Born  Oct.  11,  1868,  Alex- 
andria, Va.  M.  D.,  1890,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.  Removed,  October, 
1894,  to  Tulalip,  Washington.     Superintendent  of  Indian  Agency. 

530.  JOHN  WILLIAM  CHAPPELL— Born  Nov,  22,  1855,  D.  C.  B. 
S.,  1877  ;  M.  D.,  1881,  Columbian.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Amer. 
Therapeutic  Society;  Montgomery  Co.,  Md.,  Med.  Society,  and  M.  C. 
F.,  Maryland.  Ex-President  Therapeutic  Society,  D.  C,  and  President, 
1906-7,  of  George  Washington  Univ.  Med.  Society. 

531.  WILLIAM  PENN  COMPTON— Born  Aug.  23,  1865,  Maryland. 
M.  D.,  1889,  Georgetown. 

532.  FRANK  TENNEY  CHAMBERLIN— Born  Dec.  19,  1863,  D.  C. 
Son  of  Dr.  J.  A.  Chamberlin,  supra.  Educated  at  Georgetown  College 
and  St.  John's  Academy,  Alexandria,  Va.  M.  D.,  1885,  Georgetown. 
Sometime  Prof.  Laryngology,  Georgetown  Med.  School.  Resident  Stu- 
dent, Washington  Asylum  Hospital,  1881.  After  graduation  in  medicine 
studied  in  Paris  and  Vienna.  About  1887  became  Assistant  at  Central 
Dispensary,  and  sometime  afterward  aided  in  founding  the  Eastern  Dis- 
pensary. Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Med.  and  Surg.  Society; 
Wash.  Board  of  Trade;  President  San  Juan  Battista  Mining  Co.,  Sonora, 
Mexico.  Sometime  First  Lieut.,  3d  Va.  Nat.  Guard.  Married,  July  25, 
1888,  Nannie  Lee  Naylor.     See  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  235. 

533.  JOHN  BENJAMIN  BAGGETT— Born  Sept.  3,  1844,  Mississippi. 
M.  D.,  1869,  Wash.  Univ.,  Baltimore.     Dropped  from  membership,  1897. 

OCTOBER   4,  1893 

534.  JAMES  ALOYSIUS  MALONEY— Born  Feb.  24,  1846,  Baltimore, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1891,  Columbian.  Died  Oct.  29,  1897.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  Nov.  3,  1897;  Watson's  Biog.,  1896,  p.  620. 

535.  FLOYD  VERNON  BROOKS— Born  Jan.  25,  1856,  Newark,  N.  J. 
M.  D.,  1877,  Jefferson.  vSon  of  James  J.  (sometime  Chief  of  Secret 
Service,  U.  S.  Treasury  Dept.)  and  Maria  Brooks.     Educated  in  public 


346  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

schools,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Is  Chief  Surgeon,  Chesapeake  Beach  R.  R. 
Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Married  Ada  Florence  Ash,  of  Evans  City, 
Pa.     See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

536.  GEORGE  HENDERSON— Born  Aug.  6,  1843,  Galena,  111.  M. 
D.,  1885,  Howard.  Major  and  Surgeon  General,  National  Guard,  D.  C, 
since  Dec.  22,  1890.  [Grandson  of  William  Henderson,  of  Aberdeen, 
Scotland  ;  son  of  George  Henderson,  who  served  in  the  Indian  Wars  of 
the  West,  having  removed  from  Philadelphia  to  Wisconsin  while  it  was 
yet  a  Territory,  and  Jemima  Haslet,  granddaughter  of  Colonel  John  Has- 
let, of  Delaware  (a  personal  friend  of  General  Washington),  and  who  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Princeton,  N.  J.,  Jan.  3,  1777,  while  leading  the 
1st  Delaware  regiment.  His  only  son,  Joseph  Haslet,  commanded  a 
regiment  of  Delaware  troops  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  was  severely 
wounded;  afterward  was  twice  Governor  of  Delaware.]  Attended  public 
schools  and  Page's  Academy,  Lancaster,  Wis.  Aug.  15,  1861,  enlisted 
in  7th  Wis.  Vols.,  one  of  the  regiments  of  the  "  Iron  Brigade,"  Army  of 
Potomac.  Was  twice  wounded  in  second  battle  of  Bull  Run  and  se- 
verely wounded  at  South  Mountain,  one  month  later,  for  which  he  was 
discharged  from  service,  Oct.  25,  1862.  Since  graduation  has  practiced 
in  Washington.  Member  Med,  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  A.  M.  A,  ;  Assn.  U.  S. 
Military  Surgeons.  Author  of  Preservation  of  health,  etc.,  Washington. 
Married,  September,  1871,  to  Miss  Mary  C.  Eels.  See  Lamb's  History, 
p.  178. 

537.  CHARLES  RICHARD  CLARK— Born  Nov.  17,  1862,  Cuyler, 
N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1889,  Columbian.  Removed,  1896,  to  Warsaw,  N.  Y.  In 
1898  gave  up  the  practice  of  medicine  because  of  ill  health,  and  was  ap- 
pointed Post  Office  Inspector.     Removed  to  San  Antonio,  Texas. 

538.  HENRY  SKINNER  GOODALL— Born  May  28,  1866,  Greens- 
boro, Vt.  A,  B.,  1887,  Williams  ;  M.  D.,  1890,  Columbian.  Removed, 
December,  1895,  to  Charlemont,  Mass.,  thence  to  Lake  Kushagee,  N.  Y. 

539.  FRANK  LEECH— Born  Jan.  14,  1870,  Prince  George  Co.,  Md. 
M.  D.,  1891,  Columbian.     Brother  of  Dr.  D.  O.  Leech,  supra. 

540.  CLARENCE  RUTER  DUFOUR— Born  Jan.  i,  1853,  Vevay,  In- 
diana. Phar.  D.,  1873,  National  College  Pharmacy,  D,  C. ;  M.  D.,  1890, 
Georgetown.  He  was  brother  of  Dr.  J.  F.  R.  Dufour,  of  Maryland. 
Practiced  pharmacy  in  Washington  some  years  ;  afterwards  practiced 
medicine.  Has  resided  in  Washington  many  years.  Is  married.  Was 
Prof.  Pharmacy  and  Botany,  1883  to  1896,  Howard  Medical  School;  Phy- 
sician in  Charge  of  Eye  Dept.,  Eastern  Dispensary;  Ophthalmologist  and 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  347 

Otologist,  Sibley  Hospital;  Instructor  in  Ophthalmol,  and  Otol.,  George- 
town Med.  School  ;  Chief  of  Eye  and  Ear  Clinic,  Georgetown  Univ. 
Hospital ;  Assistant  in  Eye  and  Ear  Department,  Emergency  Hospital. 

541.  OSCAR  ADDISON  MACK  McKIMMIE— Born  March  13,  1868, 
D.  C.  M.  D.,  1891,  Columbian.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Med.  and 
Surg.  Society,  D.  C;  on  Staff  of  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital. 

542.  HENRY  PERCIVAL  PARR  THOMPSON— Born  Oct.  21,  1868, 
Hancock,  Md.  M.  D.,  1890,  South  Carolina  Med.  College.  Resigned, 
Jan.  21,  1903,  and  removed  to  Hillsboro,  Va. 

543.  HOWARD  CARLYLE  RUSSELL— Born  Sept.  25,  1868,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1891,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S.  Died  March 
2,  1904,  Stapleton,  Staten  Island. 

544.  HENRY  LIDDELL— Born  Dec.  3,  1843,  Northumberland,  Eng- 
land. M.  D.,  1891,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.  Removed,  December,  1895,  to 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Son  of  Henry  George  and  Barbara  W.  Greetham  Lid- 
dell.  Educated  at  Burdis  Acad.,  King  Edward  VI  Grammar  School, 
Newcastle-on-Tyne.  Came  to  America  in  1862  ;  served  in  Nova  Scotia 
Militia,  with  rank  of  Captain,  1863-4  ;  attached  to  U.  S.  Sanitary  Com- 
mission, 1864-5.  Married,  Boston,  1887,  Eva  Louise  Barnes.  Traveled 
extensively  in  Asia  and  Australia,  1865-82  ;  in  service  of  Japanese  Gov- 
ernment, 1873-9  ;  attache  foreign  military  contingent,  Shanghai,  China, 
1879-80  ;  employed  in  U.  S.  War  Department,  1889-93  ;  made  several 
visits  to  extreme  north  of  American  Continent,  Labrador  and  the  waters 
of  Hudson's  Bay.  Member  of  various  European  and  American  scientific 
societies.  Author  of  Traces  of  prehistoric  civilization  in  Australia,  1871- 
01  ;  The  Islands  of  the  Antarctic,  1873-01  ;  The  romance  of  morning 
glory,  1875-01  ;  A  cruise  toward  the  North  Pole,  1905.  See  Who's  Who 
in  America. 

545.  WADE  HAMPTON  ATKINSON— Born  Nov.  4,  1866,  Johnston 
Co.,  N.  C.  M.  D.,  1889,  Georgetown.  Resident  Physician,  Central  Dis- 
pensary and  Emergency  Hospital.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and 
Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  D.  C. 

APRIL  4,  18»4 

546.  GEORGE  NELSON  PERRY— Born  Oct.  12,  1850,  Layman, 
Ohio.  M.  D.,  1884,  Howard.  Attended  public  schools  and  Bartlett 
(Ohio)  Academy  and  Mt.  Union  College,  Alliance,  Ohio.  Since  grad- 
uation has  practiced  medicine  in  Washington.  Prof.  Pediatrics,  after- 
ward Obstetrics,  Howard  Med.  School.  Married.  See  Lamb's  History, 
p.  126, 


348  ~  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

oi7.  DANIEL  BAEN  STREET— Born  March  10,  1842,  Cambridge, 
Md.     M.  D.,  1874,  Georgetown,     Father  of  Dr.  Baen  Street,  infra. 

548.  CHARLES  L.  MINOR— Born  May  10,  1865,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
M.  D.,  1888,  Univ.  Virginia.  Removed,  1896,  to  Asheville,  N.  C.  Director 
of  National  Assn.  Study  and  Prevention  Tuberculosis  ;  Vice  Pres.,  Amer. 
Climatolog.  Assn. 

549.  JOHN  RYDER  WELLINGTON— Born  Oct.  28,  1865,  Albion, 
Me.     A.  B.,  18S6;    A.  M.,  1891,  Colby;  M.  D.,  1891,  Columbian. 

550.  THOMAS  NORRIS  VINCENT— Born  Nov.  29,  1866,  D.  C.  A. 
B.,  1885;    A.  M.,  1891,  Georgetown;  M.  D.,  1889,  Jefferson. 

551.  JOSEPH  M.  CARROLL— M.  D.,  1881,  Univ.  Maryland.  Re- 
moved to  Baltimore,  1896.     Resigned  from  Med,  Society,  Jan.  20,  1897. 

552.  JOHN  EDMUND  TONER— Born  March  14,  1859,  Loudoun  Co., 
Va.  Phar,  D.,  1887,  National  College  of  Pharmacy,  Washington  ;  M. 
D.,   1891,  Georgetown. 

553.  CORNELIUS  BRECKENRIDGE  BOYLE— Son  of  Dr.  Corne- 
lius Boyle,  supra.  Born  June  24,  1864,  Gordonsville,  Va.  M,  D.,  1891, 
Columbian.  Removed,  in  1896,  to  Hot  Springs,  S.  D.;  afterwards  to 
Bozeman,  Montana. 

554.  LARKIN  WHITE  GLAZEBROOK— Born  July  28,  1867,  Rich- 
mond, Va.  M.  D.,  1890,  College  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y,,  and  Long  Is- 
land College  Hospital,  Brooklyn.  Son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Otis  Allan  and 
Virginia  Calvert  Key-Smith  Glazebrook.  Educated  at  Univ.  of  the 
South,  Norwood's  School,  Richmond,  Va.,  Episcopal  High  School,  Va., 
and  Univ.  Virginia.  Sometime  Resident  Physician,  St.  Luke's  Hos- 
pital, South  Bethlehem,  Pa.;  Attending  Physician,  Emergency  Hospital, 
Washington  ;  Washington  City  Orphan  Asylum  ;  Coroner's  Physician, 
D.  C,  since  1903.  Jan.  9,  1894,  married  Jane  Threlkeld  Cox.  See 
Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

555.  CHARLES  VOLNEY  PETTEYS— Born  May  12,  1847,  Palmyra, 
N.  Y.  Second  Lieut.,  138th  N.  Y.  Vols.  (Artillery).  M.  D.,  1873, 
Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  Dropped  from  member- 
ship, 1898  ;  reelected,  Oct.  i,  1902.  Son  of  Martin  D.  and  Jane  A. 
Ketcham  Petteys.  Educated  in  countr)'  schools.  New  York,  Union  Acad- 
emy, Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  Spencerian  Business  College,  Washington, 
and  by  private  instructor.  Enlisted  when  15  3'ears  old  ;  took  part  in  the 
battles  of  the  Wilderness  and  was  at  the  attack  on  Washington  ;    was 


DISTRICT     OF     COI.UMBIA  349 

given  a  medal  of  honor  for  gallantry  at  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va.  In 
1873-84,  served  with  U.  S.  troops  in  Crook's  and  Wilcox's  campaigns 
against  the  Indians.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Therapeutic  Society, 
Washington.  President,  Associated  Survivors  6th  Army  Corps,  Wash- 
ington and  New  York.  Past  Medical  Director,  Dept.  Potomac,  G.  A.  R.; 
Past  Dept.  Commander,  Union  Veterans'  Union,  Washington.  See 
Georgetown   University,  II,  p.  201. 

OCTOBER  3,  1894 

556.  HUGH  WIIvSON  BEATTY— Born  March  9,  1850,  Mifflin  Co., 
Pa.     LL.  B.,  1872,  Univ.  Mich.;  M.  D.,  1886,  Howard.     Died  April  27, 

1897.  Graduated  at  State  Normal  School,  Kirksville,  Mo.,  in  1870. 
Married  Etta  Orr,  of  Kirksville.  Removed  to  Hutchinson,  Kansas,  in 
1876  ;  to  Washington  in  1883.  Practiced  medicine  in  Washington  until 
his  death.  See  Lamb's  History,  p.  148;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  April  28, 
1897. 

557.  ANITA  NEWCOMB  McGEE— Born  Nov.  4,  1864,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1892,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  Resigned  from  Soci- 
ety, Oct.  II,  1905.  Daughter  of  Prof.  Simon  Newcomb,  of  U.  S.  Naval 
Observatory,  and  Mary  Carolina  Hassler  Newcomb.  Educated  in  pri- 
vate schools,  Washington,  and  took  special  course  at  Newnham  College, 
Cambridge,  England,  and  Univ.  Iowa.  Post  graduate  (medical),  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital.  Practiced  medicine  in  Washington,  1892-6.  Fellow 
and  ex-Secretary,  A.  A.  A.  S.  ;  Surgeon  General,  Librarian  General,  Vice- 
President  General  and  Historian  General,  National  Society,  D.  A.  R. ; 
Director,  D.  A.  R.  Hospital  Corps,  April  to  September,  1898,  selecting 
trained  women  nurses  for  army  and  navy  service.     Appointed,  Aug.  29, 

1898,  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  the  only  woman  to  hold  such  a  posi- 
tion ;  assigned  to  duty  in  Surgeon  General's  Office,  in  charge  of  army 
nurse  corps  of  trained  women,  which  she  organized.  When  U.  S.  Con- 
gress approved  this  work  by  making  the  nurse  corps  of  trained  women  a 
permanent  part  of  the  army,  the  pioneer  stage  was  passed  and  she  re- 
signed, Dec.  31,  1900.  About  2,000  women  served  during  her  incum- 
bency. In  1904,  as  President  Society  Spanish-American  War  Nurses  and 
as  Representative  of  Philadelphia  Red  Cross  Society,  and  by  agreement 
with  the  Japanese  Government,  she,  with  a  party  of  trained  nurses,  for- 
merly in  U.  S.  Army,  served  in  Japanese  Army  for  six  months  gratui- 
tously. Was  appointed  by  Minister  of  War,  Supervisor  of  Nurses,  which 
placed  her  in  same  rank  as  officers  of  Japanese  Army,  and  inspected  and 
reported  on  relative  nursing  conditions.  The  Emperor  of  Japan  be- 
stowed upon  her  the  Order  of  the  Sacred  Crown,  a  very  rare  distinction, 
and  she  also  holds  the  "special"  decoration  of  the  Red  Cross  of  Japan 


350  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

and  the  War  Medal.  After  returning  from  Japan  she  lectured  on  A 
woman's  experience  in  the  Japanese  Army.  Member  of  United  Spanish 
War  Veterans  (the  only  woman  eligible)  and  Assn.  Military  Surgeons, 
United  States.  Founder  and  first  President,  Spanish-American  War 
Nurses.  Married,  i88S,  W  J  McGee.  See  Who's  Who  in  America  ; 
Woman's  Med.  Journal,  Toledo,  1896,  V,  p.  27  ;  20th  Cent.  Biog.  Diet.; 
Amer.  Men  of  Science;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

558.  EMORY  WILLIAM  REISINGER— Born  Sept.  16,  1871,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1893,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Wm.  Wagner  and  Julia  Reisinger. 
Educated  in  schools  in  Washington  and  in  Paris  and  Nice,  France. 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Georgetown  Med.  School,  since  1894;  Lec- 
turer on  Osteology  since  1898.  Sometime  Resident  Physician,  Emer- 
gency Hospital,  and  Wash.  Asylum  Hospital.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D. 
C;  A.M.  A.;  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences;  Assn.  Amer.  Anatomists.  Married, 
Sept.  27,  1898,  Laura  Ethel  Barnett,  of  Wisconsin.  See  Amer.  Men  of 
Science,  1906;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  102. 

559.  WILLIAM  BATES  FRENCH— Born  Jan.  9,  1855,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1885,  Columbian. 

560.  HORACE  MORGAN  DEEBLE— Born  July  18,  1851,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1880,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.S.  A.,  1880-1891.  Dropped 
from  membership,  1899. 

561.  GEORGE  BARRIE— Born  June  3,  1865,  Australia.  M.  D.,  1892, 
Georgetown. 

562.  WILLIAM  DAVIS  HUGHES— Born  June  19,  1835,  Honey 
Creek  Valley,  Miami  Co.,  Ohio.  A.  B.,  i860;  A.  M.,  1863,  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan  Univ.;  M.  D.,  1884,  Howard.  Attended  the  district  school, 
classical  course  at  New  Carlisle  Academy,  and  Ohio  Wesleyan  Univ.  In 
1861-2  was  Superintendent  of  public  schools,  Fairfield,  Ohio  ;  examiner 
of  teachers  of  Miami  Co.  public  schools.  Studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1864.  In  the  same  year  opened  an  office  in  Troy,  Ohio,  in 
partnership  with  Hon.  H.  H.  Williams,  under  the  firm  name  of  Hughes 
and  Williams.  Was  elected  Mayor  of  Troy  in  1872,  and  reelected  in 
1874.  In  1876,  removed  to  Sidney,  Ohio,  and  after  the  election  of  Pres- 
ident Garfield,  in  1880,  came  to  Washington.  Since  graduation  in  med- 
icine has  practiced  in  Washington.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  182. 

563.  ALLEN  WALKER— Born  July  14,  1852,  Hightown,  England. 
M.  D.,  1886,  Univ.  Maryland.  Dropped  from  membership,  1S97.  Med- 
ical Examiner,  Prudential  Insurance  Co. 


DISTRICT     OF     COIX'MBIA  35 1 

564.  ANNE  AUGUSTA  WII^SON— Born  vSept.  20,  1S59,  Baltimore, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1892,  Royal  College  Phys.  and  Surg.,  Edinburgh  and  Univ. 
Brussels.  Died  March  13,  1908,  of  diabetes.  Served  as  Head  Physician 
at  Clapham  Maternity  Hospital,  London,  in  1892.  In  summer  of  1893 
came  to  Washington.  Largely  through  her  efforts  the  Dorothea  Dix 
Dispensary  was  opened.  Medical  Assistant  at  Central  Dispensary,  and 
for  several  years  on  Staff  of  National  Florence  Crittenton  Home.  Also 
helped  to  form  the  Instructive  Visiting  Nurses'  Society  and  until  her 
death  was  an  active  worker  therein.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March 
18   and   25,  1908  ;    Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1908,  VII,  p.  282. 

565.  STERLING  RUFFIN— Born  July  20,  1866,  Graham,  N.  C.  M. 
D.,  1890,  Columbian.  Brother  of  Dr.  G.  M.  RufiBn,  infra.  Prof.  Mat. 
Med,  and  Therap.,  1899-1902,  and  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine 
since  1902,  Columbian. 

566.  PRESLEY  CRAIG  HUNT— Born  March  4,  1871,  Newport,  R.  I. 
M.  D.,  1891,  Georgetown.  Educated  at  Emerson  Institute,  D.  C.  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Emergency  Hospital,  1892  ;  Asst.  Gynecologist,  George- 
town Univ.  Hosp.,  1894-8;  in  charge  Nervous  Diseases,  Central  Dispen- 
sary, 1893-5;  Neurologist,  Providence  Hospital,  since  1905  ;  Examining 
Physician,  U.  S.  Volunteers,  1898-9;  Ward  Physician,  1901.  Member 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Washington  Society  Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases; 
Med.  Society,  George  Wash.  Univ.  Med.  School ;  Med.  Society,  George- 
town Univ.  ;  Asst.  Demonstrator  Anatomy,  George  Wash.  Univ.  Med. 
School. 

567.  LOUIS  ALWARD  JOHNSON— Born  Oct.  6,  1870,  D.  C.  M..D., 
1892,  Georgetown. 

568.  JOHN  HEPBURN  YARNALL— Born  Aug.  2,  1856,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1881,  Columbian. 

569.  WM.  LITTLETON  ROBINS— Born  Sept.  14,  1869,  near  Snow 
Hill,  Md.  M.  D.,  1890,  Univ.  Maryland.  Son  of  James  Bowdoin  and 
Ella  Anna  Purnell  Robins  ;  of  English  descent.  Educated  in  public 
schools,  Berlin  and  Snow  Hill,  Md.,  and  Shenandoah  Valley  Academy, 
Winchester,  Va.  In  1894  attended  clinics  in  hospitals  of  London  and 
Paris.  Practiced  at  Snow  Hill  one  year,  then  removed  to  Washington, 
in  1893.  Served  during  the  Spanish-American  War.  Was  Clinical  As- 
sistant one  year.  University  Hospital,  Baltimore;  Resident  Physician, 
Good  Samaritan  Hosp.,  Baltimore;  Asst.  Resident  Physician,  Maryland 
Hospital  for  Insane,  Catonsville,  Md.;  Asst.  and  in  charge  of  Nervous 
Diseases,  Emergency  Hospital,  Washington,  six  years;  in  charge  of  Ner- 


352  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

vous  Diseases,  Freedmen's  Hospital,  Washington.  Member  A.  M.  A.; 

Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;   A.  A.  A.  S.     Married,  Dec.  19,  1894,   Elizabeth  G., 

daughter  of  Dr.  W.  G.  Palmer,  supra.     See  Univ.  Maryland,  1907,  II, 
p.  413- 

570.  ROZIER  MIDDLETON— Born  Sept.  18,  1861,  Herndon,  Va. 
M.  D.,  1889,  Columbian.  Died  Jan.  31,  1901.  See  Minutes  Med.  Soci- 
ety, Feb,  6  and  13,  1901;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1901,  VI,  p.  53. 

571.  JOHN  KURTZ— Born  April  20,  1848,  Ft.  Johnson,  S.  C.  Ph.  B., 
1866;  M.  D.,  1870,  Columbian.  Removed  to  Moorhead,  Minn.,  about 
1876;  returned  to  Washington  in  1892. 

572.  JAMES  STUART— Born  May  28,  1865,  Statesburg,  S.  C.  A.  B., 
1886,  Charleston  College,  S.  C.  ;  M.  D.,  1892,  Columbian.  Associate, 
Lutheran  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Infirmary,  Washington.  Son  of  Benj. 
Rhett  Stuart,  of  Charleston. 

573.  NANCY  D.  RICHARDS— Born  Aug.  27,  1844,  Washington  Co., 
Pa.  M.  D.,  1880,  Wooster,  Removed,  1898,  to  New  Philadelphia,  Ohio. 
Married. 

574.  HENRY  JOSEPH  CROSSON— Born  March  8,  1870,  Minneap- 
olis, Minn.     M.  D.,  1890,  Georgetown. 

575.  JOHN  ALBERTSON  vSTOUTENBURG— Born  Dec.  7,  1870, 
Hyde  Park,  N.  Y.     M.  D.,  1891,  Georgetown. 

576.  ANTON  COE— Born  Dec.  21,  1848,  New  Haven,  Conn.  M.  D., 
1888,  Columbian.  Dropped  from  membership,  1904.  Died  Nov.  5,  1908, 
at  New  Haven. 

577.  GEORGE  ROBERT  LEE  COLE— Born  Jan.  19,  1864,  D.  C. 
Phar.  D.,  1885,  National  College  Pharmacy,  D.  C.  M,  D.,  1887,  Univ., 
Maryland.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  Son  of  Thos.  Walter  and 
Sarah  Ann  Wilson  Cole.  Educated  in  private  schools,  and  St.  John's 
Military  Academy,  Alexandria,  Va.  Interne,  1887-90,  Providence  Hos- 
pital, Washington  ;  Assistant,  1889-90,  Emergency  Hospital,  Wash- 
ington. Attended  clinics,  1890,  St.  Thomas'  Hospital,  London,  England. 
Surgeon,  D.  C.  N.  G.,  five  years.  Lectured  on  Diseases  of  Rectum, 
National  Univ.  Med.  School.  Married,  Dec.  7,  1900,  Minnie  Dale  Ber- 
nard Dorsey.     See  Univ.  Maryland,  1907,  II,  p.  246. 


DISTRICT     OF     COI^UMBIA  353 

APRIL    3,  1895 

578.  WILLIAM  FRANCIS  WALTER— Born  Oct.  i8,  1870,  D.  C. 
A.  M.,  1888,  St.  John's  College,  D.  C;  M.  D.,  1892,  Georgetown. 

579.  CHARLES  MASSEY  HAMMETT,  Jr.— Born  Oct.  26,  187 1,  D. 
C.     Son  of  Dr.  C.  M.  Hammett,  supra.     M.  D.,  1892,  Georgetown. 

580.  JOHN  E.  CARPENTER— Born  Feb.  14,  1842,  Aberdeen,  Ohio. 
Hosp.  Steward,  12th  Ohio  Vols.  ;  First  Lieut.,  175th  Ohio.  M.  D.,  1866, 
Charity  Hospital  Med.  College,  Cleveland,  Ohio  ;  1893,  Univ.  BuflFalo. 
Died  May  4,  1899.  Enlisted  Sept.  i,  1861,  12th  Ohio  Vols.  ;  appointed 
Hospital  Steward,  July  i,  1862  ;  transferred,  July  i,  1864,  to  23d  Ohio 
Vols.,  and  Oct.  loth,  appointed  First  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant,  175th 
Ohio.  Mustered  out,  July,  1865.  Practiced  pharmacy  several  years  in 
Memphis,  Tenn.  Then  removed  to  Charleston,  Miss.,  as  Judge  of  Pro- 
bate Court,  Tallahassee  Co.  About  two  years  afterwards  removed  to  Wash- 
ington ;  employed  in  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  where  he  continued  till  his 
death.  Member  of  Board  of  Trustees,  Reform  School,  D.  C;  Prof.  Phar- 
macy and  Botany,  Howard  Med.  School,     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  125. 

581.  BERNARD  AUGUST  STORCH— Born  Oct.  9,  1843,  Swartzburg- 
Rudolstadt,  Germany.  Came  to  United  States  while  a  boy.  M.  D., 
1S63,  Univ.  Iowa.  Surgeon  at  Estes  House  Hospital,  Keokuk,  Iowa, 
during  part  of  the  Civil  War.  Afterwards  took  a  special  course  at  Univ. 
Berlin.  Came  to  Washington  in  1890.  Died  Nov.  30,  1906.  A  son.  Dr. 
C.  M.  Storch,  practices  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  See  Minutes  Med.  So- 
ciety, Jan.  16,  1907;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1907-8,  VI,  p.  55. 

582.  HOBART  SOUTHWORTH  DYE— Born  Jan.  17,  1848,  Bridge- 
water,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1876,  Columbian.  Studied  medicine 
with  Dr.  Hiram  S.  Crandall  at  Leonardsville,  N.  Y.  Began  practice  at 
New  Berlin,  N.  Y.,  May  3,  1876.  Was  made  a  member  of  the  Chenango 
County  Med.  Society  in  1876,  President,  1891-2.  Removed  to  W^ashing- 
ton,  May,  1893.  Member  Consulting  Board  of  Washington  Asylum  Hos- 
pital; Associate  at  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat  Hospital  ;  As- 
sistant, Eye  and  Ear,  at  Emergency  Hospital,  Washington.  Member 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C. ;  George  W'ashington  Univ.  Med.  Society;  Washington 
Society  of  Ophthalmologists  and  Otologists  ;  A.  M.  A.;  Amer.  Laryngo- 
log.,  Rhinolog.  and  Otolog.  Society. 

583.  ANTHONY  HEGER— Born  Dec.  4,  1828,  Austria.  M.  D.,  1848, 
Univ.  Penna.  Appointed  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  Aug.  25,  1856;  pro- 
moted Captain,  Aug.  29,  1861  ;  Surgeon  and  Major,  Sept.  17,  1862  ;  Lt. 
Col.,  Jan.  24,  1866;    Col.  and  Asst.  Surgeon  Gen.,  Jan.  2,  1891;   retired 

2X 


354  MEDICAX,     SOCIETY 

Dec.  4,  1892.  Advanced  in  rank  to  Brig.  Gen.,  U.  S.  A.,  retired,  by  act 
of  April  23,  1904.  Brevetted  Lt.  Col.,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  mer- 
itorious services  during  the  war.  Resigned  from  Med.  Society,  April  13, 
1904.  Died  Jan.  25,  1908.  See  Brown's  Historj^  p.  294  ;  Powell's  His- 
torj',  p.  367;  Who's  Who  in  America;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington, 
1908. 

584.  SAMUEL  EDWIN  LEWIS— Born  March  i,  1838,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1864,  Med.  Coll.  Virginia.  Asst.  Surg.,  C.  S.  A.  Attended  lectures  at 
Columbian  Med,  College,  D.  C,  1861-2,  studying  with  Drs.  J.  C.  Riley, 
supra,  andN.  S.  Lincoln,  supra.  Went  South  in  June,  1863,  and  attend- 
ed Med.  College  of  Virginia  at  Richmond,  1863-4,  and  graduated.  Ap- 
pointed Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  Prov.  Army,  C.  S.  A.,  and,  July  19,  1864, 
Asst.  Surgeon.  April  3,  1865,  surrendered  at  Richmond,  and  was  con- 
tinued on  duty  by  U.  S.  Army  officers  with  sick  and  wounded  till  April 
17th,  when  he  was  paroled.  Practiced  medicine  in  Baltimore  till  1868, 
and  was  member  of  Baltimore  Med.  Assn.  From  1868  to  1884  conducted 
a  pharmacy  in  Washington.  Resumed  practice  in  1893.  Was  the  first 
Vice  President,  1901-2,  and  afterwards  President,  1907-8,  Assn.  Med. 
Officers,  Arm}'  and  Navy  of  Confederacy. 

585.  AURELIUS  RIVES  SHANDS— Born  Nov.  5,  i860.  Prince 
George  Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1884,  Univ.  Maryland.  Son  of  Dr.  A.  R. 
Shands.  Graduated  at  Univ.  School,  Petersburg,  Va.  Prof.  Orthopedic 
Surgery  since  1894,  Columbian  Med.  School;  Prof.  Orthopedic  Surgery, 
Univ.  Vermont.  Member  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences  ;  Amer.  Orthopedic 
Assn.;  Southern  Surg.  Assn.  ;  Virginia  State  Med.  Society.  See  Who's 
Who  in  America. 

586.  SAMUEL  EVANS  WATKINS— Born  Feb.  11,  1871,  D.  C.  Son 
of  Louis  and  Emily  H.  Evans  Watkins.  Educated  at  Emerson  Institute, 
Washington.  M.  D.,  1892,  Georgetown.  Sometime  Demonstrator  in 
Dermatology,  etc.,  Georgetown  Med.  School;  Associate,  Emergency 
Hosp.    Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.    See  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  266. 

587.  LOUISA  MILLER  BLAKE— Born  June  2,  1853,  New  Jersey. 
M.  D.,  1893,  Columbian.     Wife  of  Dr.  L.  C.  Blake,  Washington. 

588.  OSCAR  HENRY  COUMBE— Born  Dec.  31,  1858,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1891,  National  Univ.,  D.  C. 

589.  AUSTIN  J.  O'MALLEY— Born  Oct.  i,  1858,  Pittston,  Pa.  A. 
B.,  1878,  Fordham;  A.  M.,  1888;  Ph.  D.,  1889;  M.  D.,  1893,  Georgetown; 
LL.  D.,  1895,  Notre  Dame,  Ind.  Removed,  1895,  to  South  Bend,  Ind.; 
to  Philadelphia  about  1904,  where  he  is  Ophthalmologist  and  Pathologist 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  355 

to  St.  Agnes'  Hospital.  Son  of  William  and  Catherine  Ward  O'Malley. 
Descendant  of  Diarmuid  O'Malley,  chieftain,  1415,  of  Upper  and  Lower 
Umhall,  West  Ireland.  Studied  some  time  in  Italy  and  Germany.  Some- 
time Instructor  in  Bacteriology,  Georgetown  Med.  School.  Sometime 
Prof.  English  Literature,  Notre  Dame  University.  See  Georgetown  Uni- 
versity, II,  p.  265. 

590.  JOHN  THOMAS  COLE— Born  Oct.  30,  1856,  Virginia.  M.  D., 
1 89 1,  Georgetown. 

591.  FLORENCE  DONOHUE— Born  Dec.  15,  1842,  Killarney,  Ire- 
land. Graduated,  1857,  Trumansburg  Academy,  Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Served  in  Civil  War  as  enlisted  man.  Has  been  Med.  Director  and  Surg. 
General,  G.  A.  R.,  and  Army  and  Navy  Union,  and  Surgeon  of  the  "  Old 
Guard."     M.  D.,  Georgetown,  1872.     Died  June  24,  1908. 

592.  TALIAFERRO  CLARK— Born  May  14,  1867,  Virginia.  A.  B., 
Emory  and  Henry  College,  Va.  ;  M.  D.,  1890,  Univ.  Va.  Acting  Asst. 
Surg,  and  Passed  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S. 

593.  JOHN  AMBROSE  DRAWBAUGH— Born  Nov.  10,  1863,  Cum- 
berland Co.,  Pa.  Son  of  Samuel  O.  and  Elizabeth  Hamaker  Drawbaugh. 
D.  D.  S.,  1888;  M.  D.,  1890,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.  Afterward  took  spe- 
cial course  at  hospitals,  Vienna,  Austria.  Married  Gertrude  Iseman,  of 
Washington.  Died  May  27,  1898,  Asheville,  N.  C.  See  Minutes  Med. 
Society,  Oct.  5  and  12,  1898;  Trans.  Med.  Society,  1898,  III,  p.  131;  Na- 
tional Med.  Rev.,  1898-9,  VIII,  p.  361. 

594.  HARRY  THEODORE  HARDING— Born  Jan.  21,  1870,  Bing- 
hamton,  N.  Y,     M.  D.,  1893,  College  Phys.  and  Surgeons,  N.  Y.  City. 

595.  DUFF  GREEN  LEWIS— Born  Oct.  26,  1869,  West  Virginia. 
A.  B.,  Wash,  and  Lee  Univ.;  M.  D.,  1891,  Univ.  Virginia. 

596.  JOHN  HENRY  JUNGHANS— Born  Nov.  5,  1868,  D.  C.  A.  B., 
1888;  A.  M.,  1891;  M.  D.,  1891,  Georgetown. 

597.  FRANCIS  PATTERSON  MORGAN— Born  Dec.  25,  1867,  Dan- 
bury,  N.  H.  A.  B.,  1890,  Harvard;  M.  D.,  1893,  College  Physicians  and 
Surg.,  N.  Y.  Son  of  Francis  H.  Morgan  (sometime  member  of  N.  H. 
Legislature,  afterward  Chief  of  Division,  Second  Auditor's  OflBce,  Treas- 
ury Dept.,  Washington)  and  Martha  E.  Le  Bosquet  Morgan.  Educated 
in  public  schools,  Washington  ;  graduated,  1886,  at  High  School.  In- 
structor in  Materia  Medica  and  Demonstrator  of  Pharmacy,  Columbian 


356  MEDICAI.     SOCIETY 

Med.  School,  D.  C;  Lecturer,  Wash.  Training  School  for  Nurses.  Mem- 
ber Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Clinico-Path.  Society,  D.  C.  One  of  the  founders 
Amer.  Therapeutic  Society.  Oct.  i,  1895,  married  Ida  Adele  Pearce, 
daughter  of  Henry  O.  and  Mary  A.  Pearce,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  See 
Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

598.  WILLIAM  EDMUND  W^OLHAUPTER— Born  April  23,  1869, 
D.  C.  Son  of  Dr.  D.  P.  Wolhaupter,  supra.  Phar.  D.,  1888,  National 
College  Pharmacy,  D.  C;  M.  D.,  1890,  Georgetown.  Surgeon,  1890,  on 
Steamer  "  Fish  Hawk."  Died  Jan.  21,  1896.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society, 
Jan.  22,  1896;  National  Med.  Review,  1896,  V,  p.  5. 

599.  MABEL  CORNISH— Born  Aug.  24,  1867,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  1889, 
Vassar;  M.  D.,  1892,  Woman's  Med.  College,  N.  Y.  City.  Married,  1897, 
to  S.  R.  Bond,  Washington.     Dropped,  1899,  from  membership. 

600.  NATHANIEL  BOWDITCH  MORTON— Born,  Wellesley,  Mass. 
M.  D.,  1887,  Harvard.  Removed  to  Santa  Catalina  Island,  Cal.  Mem- 
ber of  N.  Y.  County  Med.  Society  ;  Med.  Legal  Society,  N.  Y.  State. 
See  Shepherd  Peter,  First  aid  to  the  injured,  N.  Y.,  1882. 

601.  ARGYLE  MACKEY— Born,  1868,  North  Carolina.  M.  D.,  1890, 
Univ.  Maryland.     Died  Aug.  28,  1896,  Baltimore,  Md. 

OCTOBER   2,   1895 

602.  GEORGE  BURTON  HEINECKE— Born  Dec.  15,  1871,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1892,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  vSurg.,  U.  S.  A,  Educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Washington.  1892-3,  Resident  Physician,  Emergency 
Hospital;  1893-4,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  Steamer  "Fish 
Hawk."  Engaged  in  private  practice  since  1895  in  Washington,  except 
1898,  when  he  was  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  during  War  with 
Spain;  at  Santiago,  Cuba.  Member  A.  M.  A,;  Alumni  Med,  Society, 
George  Washington  Univ. 

603.  ALBERT  RHETT  STUART— Born  Aug.  10,  1868,  Spartansburg, 
S.  C.  Son.  of  Rev.  Albert  Stuart,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  1888;  A.  M.,  1891,  Trin- 
ity College,  Hartford,  Conn.;  M.  D.,  1892,  Univ.  Virginia. 

601.  PHILIP  JAISOHN— Born  in  1866.  M.  D.,  1892,  Columbian. 
Removed,  1896,  to  Korea.     Was  in  Primus,  Pa.,  1900-6. 

605.  WALLACE  JOHNSON— Born  May  2,  1867,  Middletown,  Ohio. 
Ph.  B.,  1889;  Ph.  M.,  1892,  Wooster  Univ.,  Ohio;  M.  D.,  1892,  Med.  Col- 
lege of  Ohio.     Resigned  from  Society,  Nov.  2,   1904,  and  removed   to 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  357 

Nampa,  Idaho.  Son  of  Charles  B.  and  Sarah  M.  Hanger  Johnson.  Edu- 
cated at  Middletown  public  schools  and  Wooster  Univ.  Attended 
Friederich-Wilhelm  Univ.,  Berlin,  and  K.  K.  Univ.  Austria,  Vienna, 
1893-4.  Married,  Wooster,  O.,  July  5,  1900,  Magdalene  Masters.  Ex- 
terne,  1891-2  ;  Interne,  1892-3,  Cincinnati  Hospital;  post-graduate  work 
abroad,  1893-4  ;  Asst.  Demon.  Histology,  1896-9,  Demonstrator  Pathol- 
ogy and  Bacteriology,  1900-4,  Georgetown  Med.  School  ;  in  charge  of 
Clinical  Diagnosis  Dept.,  Lionel  Laboratory,  Central  Dispensary  and 
Emergency  Hospital,  Washington,  1897-1904;  Assistant  on  various  services 
of  Central  Dispensary,  1S95-1904.  Practiced  medicine,  Washington, 
1894-1904;  now  at  Bruneau  Valley,  Idaho.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C; 
A.  M.  A.;  Southern  Idaho  Med.  Society;  Idaho  State  Med.  Society; 
Washington  X-ray  Laboratory.  Author,  with  Dr.  M.  D'Arcy  Magee, 
infra,  of  Surgery  (Medical  Epitome  series),  1904,  L,  12.  See  Who's 
Who  in  America. 

606.  ROBERT  W.  BAKER— Born  July  5,  1863,  Va.  M.  D.,  1S87, 
Univ.  Virginia. 

607.  THOMAS  ASH  CLAYTOR— Born  July  14,  1869,  West  River, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1891,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  in  War 
with  Spain.  Prof.  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  G.  W.  Univ.  Med. 
Dept ;  and  Clinical  Professor  of  Medicine. 

60S.  RUDOLPH  H.  VON  EZDORF— Born  Aug.  13,  1872,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa,  M.  D.,  1894,  Columbian.  Resigned  from  Society,  July  4, 
1898.     Asst.  Surgeon,  Passed  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S. 

609.  FRANK    PALMER    VALE— Born   Dec.  18,  1871,  D.  C.     M.  D., 

1892,  Georgetown  ;  1894,  Univ.  Penna.  Resident  Physician,  Providence 
Hospital,  January,  1893,  to  January,  1894.  Served  as  Police  Surgeon 
seven  years,  ending  July,  1906.  Co-author  with  Dr.  J.  B.  Nichols,  hifra, 
of  Pocket  text  book  on  histology  and  pathology.  Awarded  first  prize  of 
I250  by  Med.  Society,  D.  C,  for  best  essay  on  any  medical  or  surgical 
subject.  Title,  An  essay  on  shock.  Demonstrator  of  Pathology,  George- 
town Med.  School,  1895  to  1900.  Awarded  Fiske  Fund  Prize  for  1908, 
(1200)  for  the  best  essay  :  Has  surgical  treatment  lessened  the  mortality 
from  appendicitis ;   Providence,  1908. 

610.  LOUIS    PERCY    SMITH— Born   Dec.    10,    1871,  D.  C.     M.  D., 

1893,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y.  Post-Graduate,  1894,  Vienna.  Asst. 
Surg.,  U.  S.  A.  Resigned  from  Society,  Oct.  13,  1897.  Died  Jan.  8, 
1901,  Manila,  P.  I.     See  Powell's  History,  p.  597. 


358  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

611.  CHARLES  WRIGHT  FILLER— Born  Oct.  6,  1852,  Lovettsville, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1876,  Univ.  Md.  Dropped  from  membership,  1903.  Died 
March  22,  1905,  of  epithelioma  of  tongue. 

012.  ALBERT  SIDNEY  MADDOX— Born  June  23,  1866,  West  Va. 
M.  D.,  1S90,  Bellevue.     Resigned,  Oct.  29,  1902  ;  removed  to  New  York 

City. 

G13.  WILFRED  MASON  BARTON— Born  July  16,  1871,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1892,  Georgetown.  Author,  with  W.  A.  Wells,  infra,  of  Thesaurus 
of  medical  words  and  phrases,  Philadelphia,  1903.  Son  of  William 
Henry  and  Harriet  Garrison  Barton.  Educated  in  public  schools,  Wash- 
ington. Sometime  Resident  at  Washington  Asylum  Hospital  ;  Interne, 
U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  Chicago  ;  House  Physician,  Columbia  Hospital, 
Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  ex-President,  Clin- 
ical Society,  Washington  ;  corresponding  member,  London  Therapeutic 
Society.  Med,  Inspector  of  Schools,  Washington  ;  Asst.  Prof.  Materia 
Medica,  etc..  Georgetown  Med.  School.  Married,  1905,  Miss  Minnie  A. 
Quinn,  of  Worcester,  Mass.     See  Georgetown  Universit}',  II,  p.  262. 

614.  FRANK  ROLLINS  RICH— Born  April  25,  1864,  Reisterstown, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1889,  Univ.  Maryland.  Removed,  1898,  to  Towson,  Md., 
afterwards  to  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

APRIL  1,  1896 

615.  SOFIE  AMALIE  NORDHOFF— Born  April  24,  1867,  Germany. 
M.  D.,  1893,  Columbian.  Married  Dr.  F.  A.  R.  Jung,  infra.  Educated 
in  Germany  and  France  ;  post-graduate  medical  work  at  Univ.  Munich 
and  Paris  Ecole  de  Med.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Wash.  Acad. 
Sciences.  Married,  July  23,  1896.  See  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Amer. 
Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

616.  RUPERT  NORTON— Born  July  21,  1867,  Ashfield,  Mass.  A. 
B.,  1888;  M.  D.,  1893,  Harvard.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1899- 
1900.  Resigned  from  Society,  Jan.  24,  1900,  and  removed  to  Paris, 
France.  Was  Med.  Referee,  N.  Y.  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.,  in  Paris, 
in  1900-6.  Then  returned  to  United  States.  Is  Asst.  Supt.,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital,  Baltimore,  Md. 

617.  FREDERICK  OGLE  ROMAN— Born  June  7,  1866,  Belleville, 
111.  A.  B.,  St.  John's  College,  Washington;  M.  D.,  1894,  Columbian. 
Son  of  Richard  and  Isabelle  Ogle  Roman  ;  descendant  of  Samuel  Ogle, 
Colonial  Governor  of  Maryland  in  1775,  and  Col.  Joseph  Ogle,  of  War  of 


DISTRICT     OF     COI^UMBIA  359 

Amer.  Revolution.  Educated  in  public  schools  and  St.  John's  College, 
Washington.  Practices  medicine  in  Washington.  Married,  Jan.  28, 
1887,  Katherine  Stanhope  Hogan.  See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washing- 
ton, 1908. 

618.  CHARLES  WESLEY  KEYES— Born  March  17,  1854,  Clare- 
mont,  N.  H.  M.  D.,  1890,  Howard.  Died  of  apoplexy,  Dec.  19,  1905. 
His  family  removed  from  New  Hampshire  to  Vermont  while  he  was  j'et 
an  infant.  When  he  grew  up  he  was  engaged  for  some  years  on  news- 
paper work  in  Farmington,  Me.  In  i88x  was  appointed  Special  Exam- 
iner, U.  S.  Pension  Ofi&ce,  Washington.  After  graduation  in  medicine 
he  studied  law.  He  finally  resigned  his  office  and  practiced  medicine  in 
Washington.  Married  Miss  Kate  Tomlinson,  of  Washington.  One 
brother.  Dr.  F.  P.  Keyes,  lives  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  See  Lamb's  History, 
p.  189;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan.  i  and  10,  1906;  Wash.  Med.  Annals, 
1906,  V,  p.  55. 

619.  CLARENCE  ARLINGTON  WEAVER— Born  Jan.  19,  1871,  D. 

C.  M.  D.,  1892,  Jefferson.     Surgeon,  ist  D.  C.  N.  G.,  and  Asst.  Surg., 

D.  C.  Vols.,  1898.  After  graduation  was  Resident  Surgeon,  Jefferson  Hos- 
pital, Philadelphia,  for  twenty  months.  Since  then  has  practiced  medi- 
cine in  Washington.  Was  commissioned  Surgeon,  National  Guard,  D.  C, 
January,  1894;  Surgeon,  ist  Regt.,  D.  C.  N.  G.,  May,  1897,  and  served 
as  Surgeon,  ist  D.  C.  Infantry,  U.  S.  V.,  in  the  Spanish-American  War. 
Is  married.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  267. 

620.  JAMES  RAMSAY  NEVITT— Born  June  25,  1867,  Naylor's 
Hold,  Richmond  Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1892,  Columbian.  Son  of  Robert  K. 
and  Mary  Ramsay  Nevitt.  Educated  in  public  schools  of  Washington 
and  Columbian  Univ.,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1889.  Sometime  em- 
ployed in  the  Engineering  Dept.,  D.  C.  Student  at  Washington  Asylum 
Hospital,  1891,  Resident  Physician,  1892;  Police  Surgeon,  1893,  and  served 
during  smallpox  epidemic,  1894  ;  President  of  Board  of  Police  Surgeons, 
1895.  On  the  staff  of  Emergency  Hospital.  Coroner  since  1900  and  Med- 
ical Examiner  to  Physicians  to  the  Poor.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C; 
A.  M.  A.  Dec.  19,  1894,  married  Miss  Mary  C.  Hine,  daughter  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  L.  G.  Hine,  of  Washington.  See  Amer,  Biog.  Direct.,  Wash- 
ington, 1908  ;  History  City  of  Washington,  1903,  p.  75. 

621.  RANDOLPH  BRYAN  CARMICHAEL— Born  June  20.  1869, 
Fredericksburg,  Va.     M.  D.,  1889,  Jefferson. 

622.  EDW^IN  EMERY  MORSE— Born  Jan.  7,  1867,  Maine.  M.  D., 
1892,  Columbian;  L.  M.,  Rotunda  Hospital,  Dublin,  Ireland. 


360  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

623.  CHARLES  CLAGETT  MARBURY— Born  July  11,  1870,  near 
Upper  Marlboro,  Md.  A.  B.,  1890,  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md.; 
M.  D.,  1893,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  in  War  with 
Spain.  Son  of  Kendall  M.  and  Sallie  Clagett  Berry  Marbury.  After 
graduation  in  medicine  attended  N.  Y.  Polyclinic.  House  Physician, 
Providence  Hospital,  Washington,  1895-6,  Attending  Physician  since 
1897 ;  Prof.  Clinical  Medicine,  Georgetown  Med.  School ;  Surgeon  to 
Police  and  Fire  Depts.  since  1900.  During  War  with  Spain  served  at 
Santiago,  Cuba;  afterward  in  command  of  Leiter  U.  S.  Gen.  Hosp., 
Chickamauga,  Ga.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Clinical  So- 
ciety, Washington  ;  Society  of  Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases,  Washing- 
ton.    See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

624.  ADA  REBECCA  THOMAS— Born  Aug.  6,  1868,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
M.  D.,  1893,  Woman's  Med.  College,  Philadelphia.  Daughter  of  James 
Reed  and  Rebecca  Dean  Thomas.  Graduated  at  N.  J.  State  Model 
School,  1885,  where  later  she  did  post-graduate  work.  1893,  Interne  at 
Woman's  Hospital,  Philadelphia.  Resident,  1893-4,  at  Philadelphia 
Hospital.  Since  Dec,  1894,  has  practiced  medicine  in  Washington. 
Sometime  Physician  to  Woman's  Clinic  ;  Associate  in  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren, Emergency  Hospital  ;  Physician  to  National  Florence  Crittenton 
Home ;  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  Sibley  Hospital  Training  School,  since 
1899,  and  on  Children's  Diseases,  at  Emergency  Hospital  Training 
School,  since  1902.     Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  A.  M.  A. 


OCTOBER  7,  1896 

625.  SUSAN  JOHNSON  SQUIRE— Born  March  17,  1841,  Baltimore, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1889,  Howard.  Wife  of  Dr.  Linus  T.  Squire,  Washington. 
After  graduation  practiced  medicine  at  Orlando,  Fla.,  from  1889  to 
1894  ;  since  then  in  Washington,  D.  C.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  217. 

626.  WALTER  D.  CANNON— Born  May  16,  1865,  Indiana.  M.  D., 
1S90,  Georgetown.     Dropped,  1899,  from  membership. 

627.  WILLIAM  ROBEY  MADDOX— Born  March  8,  1855,  Erie,  Pa. 
M.  D.,  1876,  Jefferson.  Died  Oct.  25,  1899.  Practiced  medicine  in 
Philadelphia  until  1884  ;  then  at  Fort  Hall  Indian  Agency,  Rose  Fork, 
Idaho,  five  years.  Removed  to  Washington  in  1889,  where  he  practiced 
until  his  death.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Nov.  i  and  8,  1899  ;  Trans. 
Med.  Society,  1899,  IV,  p.  173  ;  Nat.  Med.  Review,  1899-1900,  IX,  p. 
530. 


DISTRICT     OF    COIvUMBIA  36 1 

628.  PHEBE  RUSSELL  NORRIS— Born  Feb.  4,  i860,  Monrovia, 
Md.  B.  E.,  1879,  Brethren's  Normal  College,  Penna.  M.  D.,  1891,  Co- 
lumbian. 

629.  ABBIE  CUTLER  TYLER— Born  Nov.  11,  1835,  Warren,  Mass. 
M.  D.,  1868,  New  England  Female  Med.  College,  Boston,  Mass.  Died 
Jan.  6,  1906.  Educated  in  schools  at  Warren,  Mass.,  and  Woodstock, 
Vt.  Assisted  in  hospital  work,  N.  Y.  City.  Studied  one  year  in  London 
and  Paris  hospitals.  Practiced  medicine  at  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  and 
Waukegan,  111.,  for  ten  years  ;  afterwards  in  Washington.  Buried  at 
Warren,  Mass.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan.  24,  1906  ;  Wash.  Med. 
Annals,  1906-7,  V,  p.  56. 

630.  ALBERT  LIVINGSTON  STAVELY— Born  Sept.  10,  1S63,  Pa. 
A.  M.,  1885,  Princeton  ;  M.  D.,  1888,  Univ.  Penna. 

631.  THOMAS  BEAUREGARD  CRITTENDEN— Born  March  11, 
1862,  Shackelfords,  Va.  M.  D.,  1895,  Georgetown.  Removed,  1897,  to 
Horton,  W.  Va. 

632.  ADELINE  ELWELL  METCALF  PORTMAN— Born  Feb.  27, 
i860,  Ottawa,  111.  A.  M.,  1876,  Mt.  Vernon  College,  111.;  M.  D.,  1887, 
Univ.  Iowa.  Post-graduate  Student  at  Univ.  Iowa,  and  in  London,  1888- 
94.  Asst.  Physician,  Emergency  Hospital,  Washington.  See  Cordell's 
Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  p.  537. 

633.  WILLIAM  A.  CALDWELL— Born  Sept.  29,  1862,  W.  Va.  M. 
D.,  1892,  Columbian.  Died  June  6,  1903,  Rockville,  Md.  Of  Scotch- 
Irish  descent  ;  his  great  grandfather  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  near  Ft. 
Henry,  now  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  Educated  in  public  schools,  and  taught 
school.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  John  L.  Dickey,  of  Wheeling.  Res- 
ident Physician,  two  years,  Garfield  and  Columbia  Hospitals  ;  Prof.  Ner- 
vous and  Mental  Diseases,  National  Univ.  Med.  College,  Washington. 
In  1899-1901,  because  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  sought  relief  in  the 
Adirondacks  and  other  places,  and  became  so  much  better  that  he  was 
elected  Prof.  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  West  Virginia  Univ.  Married 
Miss  Kate  L.  English,  Frederick,  Md.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct. 
7  and  Nov.  4,  1903  ;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1903-4,  II,  p.  353. 

634.  WALTER  AUGUSTINE  WELLS— Born  March  6,  1870,  Bladens- 
burg,  Md.  M.  D.,  1891,  Georgetown.  Co-editor  Wash.  Med.  Annals. 
Prof.  Laryngology  and  Otology,  Georgetown  Med.  School.  Son  of 
Charles  A.  and  Mary  Lucretia  (Hyatt)  Wells.  Educated,  Bladensburg 
Academy  and  public  schools  of  Washington;    graduated,  Wash.  High 


362  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

School,  1889,  and  Columbian  Univ.  Post-graduate  medical  work,  Chicago 
Polyclinic,  1892-3;  Univ.  Vienna,  1894-5.  Resident  Student,  Washington 
Asylum,  1891 ;  Interne,  Marine  Hospital,  Chicago,  1892-3  ;  began  practice 
of  medicine  in  Washington,  1895;  Surgeon  in  Charge  of  Ear  and  Throat 
Dept.,  Garfield  Hospital;  Associate  Attending  Physician,  Episcopal  Eye, 
Ear  and  Throat  and  Georgetown  Univ.  Hospitals;  sometime  Demonstrator 
Laryngology,  Georgetown  Medical  School.  Asso.  Editor  Jour,  of  Eye, 
Ear  and  Throat  Diseases,  Baltimore,  and  collaborator  for  The  Laryngo- 
scope, St.  Louis.  Member  American  Rhinol.,  Laryngol.  and  Otol.  Soci- 
ety ;  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences.  Author,  with  Dr.  Wilfred  M.  Barton,  supra, 
of  Thesaurus  of  medical  words  and  phrases,  1903.  Married,  June  19, 
1899,  at  Washington,  Frances  M.  Gibson.  See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct., 
Washington,  1908  ;  W^ho's  Who  in  America. 

635.  JOHN  HITZ  METZEROTT— Born  Dec.  2,  1865,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1891,  Columbian.  See  E.  Landesmann,  Therapy  of  the  clinics,  Chicago, 
1897.     Member  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences.     See  Who's  Who  in  America. 

636.  EDWIN  GLADMON— Born  Feb.  27,  1859,  Virginia.  Phar.  D.; 
1880,  National  College  Pharmacy,  D.  C.  ;  M.  D.,  1890,  National  Univ., 
D.  C.     Removed,  1S99,  to  Southern  Pines,  N.  C. 

APRIL   1,  1897 

637.  GEORGE  TITUS  HOWLAND— Born  May  18,  1862,  N.  Y.  M. 
D.,  1886,  Bellevue;  1890,  Univ.  Berlin.  Dropped  from  membership,  1903. 
Removed  from  D.  C.  to  the  Bermudas. 

638.  HUGH  CLARENCE  DUFFEY— Born  Jan.  4,  1870,  Hillsboro, 
Md.     M.  D.,  1891,  Georgetown. 

639.  VIRGIL  B.  JACKSON— Born  Oct.  3,  1868,  Front  Royal,  Va. 
M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian.  Co-editor  Wash.  Medical  Annals.  Educated 
in  public  schools.  Front  Royal ;  finished  sophomore  year  at  Columbian 
Univ.,  Washington.  Resident  Physician,  W^ashington  Asylum  Hospital; 
since  then  has  practiced  medicine  in  W^ashington.  Associate  Surgeon, 
Emergency  Hospital  ;  Visiting  Physician,  Foundling  Hospital  ;  Asst. 
Gynecologist,  George  Washington  Univ.  Hospital,  1894-5;  Demonstrator 
Anatomy  and  Clinical  Surgical  Assistant,  G.  W.  Univ.;  Police  Surgeon, 
1897.  Member  Clinical  Society  ;  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  See  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

640.  WILLIAM  LINCOLN  MASTERSON— Born  Dec.  25,  1868,  Co- 
shocton, Ohio.  M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian.  Post-graduate  course  at  N.  Y. 
Polyclinic,  1905. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  363 

641.  THOMAvS  MILLER— Born  Oct.  12,  1857,  Glasgow,  Scotland. 
M.  D.,  18S4,  Howard.  Attended  Business  College,  Adrian,  Mich.  Since 
graduation  has  practiced  medicine  in  Washington.  Attended  special 
course  in  Ophthalmology,  Georgetown  Med.  School.  Lecturer  on  Anat- 
omy and  Diseases  of  Children,  1887-91,  Howard  Med.  School.  See 
Lamb's  History,  p.  128. 

«42.  CHARLES  LEWIS  ALLEN— Born  Sept.  24,  i860,  S.  C.  M. 
D.,  1887,  Univ.  Maryland.  Resigned  from  the  Society,  Nov.  29,  1899, 
removing  to  Trenton,  N.  J.;  afterwards  to  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  Is  now 
practicing  at  Pasadena,  Cal. 

643.  NOBLE  PRICE  BARNES— Born  Aug.  16,  1871,  Killbuck,  Hol- 
mes Co.,  Ohio.  M.  D.,  1893,  Baltimore  Med.  College.  Surgeon,  Battery 
A,  Light  Artillery,  D.  C.  Son  of  Dr.  E.  P.  and  Sarah  M.  Barnes.  Edu- 
cated at  public  schools ;  graduated  1889,  High  School,  Millersburg, 
Ohio.  Chief  of  Service,  Diseases  of  Children,  Eastern  Dispensary  and 
Casualty  Hospital,  1898  ;  Prof.  Diseases  of  Children,  1898,  Materia 
Medica  and  Therapeutics,  1902,  Med.  Dept.  National  Univ.  Lecturer, 
Materia  Medica  and  Toxicology,  George  Washington  Univ.  Med.  Dept., 
1905  ;  one  of  the  organizers  of  Amer.  Therapeutic  Society,  its  Secretary 
eight  years  ;  Secretary,  Section  Therapeutics,  Fourth  Pan-American 
Med.  Congress.  Member  National  Assn.  for  Study,  Treatment  and  Pre- 
vention of  Tuberculosis;  A.  M.  A.;  Pres,,  Therapeutic  Society,  Wash- 
ington, and  Wash.  Med.  and  Surg.  Soc.  Married,  Sept.  15,  1897,  Isabel 
Cameron  McGregor.     See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

644.  JOHN  DANIEL  THOMAS— Born  Aug.  13,  1868,  Northampton 
Co.,  Va.  A.  B.,  1889,  Hampden-Sidney;  M.  D.,  1892,  Univ.  Virginia. 
Contract  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  Spanish-American  War.  Prof.  Physical 
Diagnosis,  Georgetown  Univ.;  Ex-President,  Clinical  Society,  D.  C. ; 
member  Clinico-Patholog.  Society,  Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  and  Obstet. 
and  Gynecolog.  Society,  D.  C. 

645.  FRANCIS  LIEBER— Born  in  1869,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  M.  D., 
1891,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting  Asst,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  Died  Oct.  10,  1898, 
Nassau,  Florida,  of  typhoid  fever.  Grandson  of  Prof.  Francis  Lieber, 
the  historian;  son  of  Gen.  G.  N.  Lieber,  Judge  Advocate  General,  U.  S.  A. 
After  graduation  in  medicine  was  Resident  Physician  two  years  at  Univ. 
and  Episcopal  Hospitals,  Philadelphia  ;  afterwards  attended  hospitals  in 
Berlin  and  Vienna.  Sometime  Assistant  at  Central  Dispensary  and  Emer- 
gency Hospital,  Washington;  Demonstrator  Physical  Diagnosis,  George- 
town Med.  School.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  12  and  19,  1898  ; 
Trans.  Med.  Society,  1898,  III,  p.  132;  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1898,  LXVIII, 
p.  711;  Nat.  Med.  Rev.,  1898-9,  VIII,  p.  362. 


364  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

646.  EDWIN  MARBLE  HASBROUCK— Born  July  17,  1866,  vSyra- 
cuse,  N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1895,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Cyrus  L.  and  Adeline 
W.  Marble  Hasbrouck.  Educated  at  Syracuse  University.  Asst.  Surg., 
Georgetown  Univ.  Hospital  ;  Prosector  Anatomy,  Georgetown  Med. 
School.  Has  worked  in  biological  and  ornithological  fields.  Member 
Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Wash.  Med.  and  Surg.  Society.  Married, 
April  20,  1S97,  Harriet  Ann  Blackistone,  St.  Mary's  Co.,  Md.  See  Amer. 
Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

647.  FRANK  RANDALL  HAGNER— Born  March,  1873,  D.  C.  Son 
of  Dr.  C.  E.  Hagner,  supra.     M.  D.,  1894,  Columbian. 

648.  GEORGE  WILLL\M  WOOD— Born  July  25,  1863,  Charles  Co., 
Md.  M.  D.,  1894,  Georgetown.  Med.  Officer,  U.  S.  Fish  Commission, 
1894-5,  Steamer  "  Fish  Hawk."  Took  post-graduate  course,  1895,  Phil- 
adelphia. Assistant,  Diseases  of  Women,  1896-8,  Casualty  Hospital, 
Washington. 

649.  ROBERT  FRENCH  MASON— Born  April  27,  1869,  Charlottes- 
ville, Va.     M.  D.,  1895,  Univ.  Maryland. 

OCTOBER  6,  1897 

650.  LEWIS  JUNIUS  BATTLE— Born  Aug.  6,  1865,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
Ph.  B.,  1886,  Univ.  North  Carolina;  M.  D.,  1893,  Univ.  Penna.  Surgeon, 
B.  and  O.  R.  R.     Member  of  Staff  of  Casualty  Hospital,  Washington. 

651.  FRANCIS  ANTHONY  MAZZEI— Born  Dec.  3,  1863,  Basilicata, 
Italy.     M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian. 

652.  FRANZ  AUGUST  RICHARD  JUNG— Born  Oct.  9,  1869,  Suhl, 
Germany.  _  M.  D.,  1893,  Univ.  Leipzig.  Son  of  Herman  and  Marie 
Jung.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences. 
Knight  Order  St.  Stanislaus,  conferred  by  Czar  of  Russia,  April,  1902 ; 
Order  of  the  Crown,  conferred  by  German  Emperor,  June,  1904.  Mar- 
ried, July  23,  1896,  Dr.  Sofie  A.  Nordhoff,  supra.  See  Who's  Who  in 
America;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

APRIL    6,    1898 

653.  MURRAY  GALT  MOTTER— Born  Aug.  29,  1866,  Emmetsburg, 
Md.  A.  B.,  1886  ;  A.  M.,  1889;  B.  S.,  1887,  Pennsylvania  College,  Get- 
tysburg, Pa.;   M.  D.,   1890,  Univ.  Penna.     Resigned  Oct.  24,  1900;   re- 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  365 

elected  Oct.  i,  1902.  Co-editor  Wash.  Med.  Annals.  Author,  with  Dr. 
Reid  Hunt,  of  Changes  in  the  Pharmacopoeia,  Washington,  1905.  Now 
in  Hygienic  Laboratory,  Navy  Dept.  Sometime  Deputy  Health  OfiBcer, 
D.  C. 

654.  JAMES  RICHARD  TUBMAN— Born  March  31,  1867,  Alexan- 
dria, Va.     M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian. 

655.  LINNAEUS  SAMUEL  SAVAGE— Born  Oct.  24,  1871,  Whaley- 
ville,  Va.     M.  D.,  1893,  Baltimore  Med.  College. 

656.  HOMER  SANFORD  MEDFORD— Born  Jan.  24,  1873,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1895,  Columbian. 

657.  EDMUND  BARRY— Born  June  22,  1864,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1891, 
Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1898-04.  Member  Board 
of  Police  and  Fire  Surgeons,  D.  C. 

658.  JOHN  BENJAMIN  NICHOLS— Born  Feb.  2,  1867,  Cazenovia, 
N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1891,  Columbian.  Son  of  George  C.  and  Ellen  Farr  Ingra- 
ham  Nichols.  Attended  public  schools;  graduated  1884,  Cazenovia  Sem- 
inary. Asst.  Surgeon,  1894-9,  U.  S.  Soldiers'  Home,  Washington;  Path- 
ologist and  Assistant  in  Med.  Dispensary  Service,  Garfield  Memorial 
Hospital  ;  Pathologist,  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital;  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Freedmen's  Hospital  ;  Prof.  Histology  and  Embryology, 
Columbian  University.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D,  C.  ;  A.  M.  A,  ;  Amer. 
Climatolog.  Assn.;  ex-President,  Clinical  Society,  Washington;  mem- 
ber Washington  Anthropolog.  Society  ;  G.  W.  Univ.  Med.  Society. 
Author  of  Manual  of  clinical  laboratory  methods,  N.  Y.,  1902;  Diet 
in  t3'phoid  fever — Fiske  Fund  prize  essay.  Providence,  1907.  See  also, 
Nichols  and  Vale,  Histology  and  Pathology,  Philadelphia,  1899.  Mar- 
ried, May  27,  1891,  Annie  Gledhill.  See  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Amer. 
Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908  ;  G.  W.  U.  Annual,  1905,  p.  20  ;  Colum- 
bian Univ.  Annual,  p.  63;  G.  W.  U.  Bibliog.,  1904,  p.  43;  G.  W.  U. 
Bulletin,  Oct.,  1905,  p.  86. 

659.  GEORGE  WINSLOW  FOSTER— Born  in  1845,  Burnham,  Me. 
M.  D.,  1871,  Bowdoin.  Removed,  1901,  to  Bangor,  Me.,  where  he  died, 
Jan.  4,  1904. 

660.  WILLIAM  PEYTON  TUCKER— Born  in  1870.  M.  D.,  1893, 
Ensworth. 


366  MEDIC  AI,     SOCIETY 

601.  ABRAHAM  BARNES  HOOE— Born  April  12,  1871,  Va.  M.  D., 
1896,  Columbian. 

662.  LEIGH  H.  FRENCH— Born  in  1863.  M.  D.,  1894,  Univ.  Minn. 
Resigned  May  16,  1900.     Removed  to  Nome,  Alaska. 

663.  MONTE  GRIFFITH— Born  Feb.  10,  1862,  Jefferson  Co.,  Va, 
Phar.  D.,  1890,  National  College  Pharmacy,  D.  C;  M.  D.,  1896,  Univ. 
Maryland.  Son  of  Capt.  Joseph  Thomas  and  Jane  R.  Willson  Griffith. 
Educated  at  Berryville  (Va.),  High  School;  Norwood  (Va.),  High 
School  and  College  ;  Univ.  of  Virginia.  Outdoor  Physician,  Children's 
Hospital,  Washington,  1896-99;  Asst.  Surgeon,  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear  and 
Throat  Hospital,  1897  ;  since  1905,  Associate  Physician  and  Surgeon  of 
same.  Prof.  Physiology,  Wash.  Dental  College  and  Hospital  of  Oral 
Surgery  (now  Dental  School  of  Georgetown  Univ.),  1898-1901.  Ophthal- 
mologist and  Aurist,  Children's  Hospital,  1905.  Asst.  Prof,  Ophthal- 
mology, Georgetown  Med.  School,  1906.  Member  Med,  Assn.,  D.  C, 
Secretary,  1901-3 ;  A.  M.  A.  ;  Ophthalmolog.  and  Otolog.  Society ; 
Clinical  Society  (President,  1902-3);  Therapeutic  Society;  Trustee 
Southern  Industrial  Educational  Assn.  Married,  Oct.  11,  1899,  Miss 
Mary  Worthington  Milnor,  of  Baltimore,  Md.  See  Amer,  Biog.  Direct,, 
Washington,  1908 ;    Univ.  Maryland,  1907,  II,  p.  455. 

664.  MICHAEL  D'ARCY  MAGEE— Born  July  21,  1871,  Norfolk, 
Va.  A.  B.,  1893;  A.  M.,  1895,  Rock  Hill  College,  Ellicott  City,  Md.; 
M,  D.,  1896,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Michael  and  Mary  Hoban  Magee. 
Sometime  Interne  and  Acting  Superintendent,  Garfield  Memorial  Hos- 
pital; Demonstrator  in  Surgery  and  Lecturer  on  Minor  Surgery,  George- 
town Med.  School.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  Clinical  Society, 
Washington.  Married,  April  25,  1899,  Margaret  Parker,  of  Portsmouth, 
Va.  See  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  106.  See  Magee  and  Johnson, 
Peterson's  Surgery,  Philadelphia,  1904. 

665.  ARCHIE  WARD  BOSWELL— Born  April  22,  1871,  Prince 
George  Co.,  Md,     M,  D.,  1894,  Columbian. 

OCTOBER  5,  1898 

666.  JOHN  CRAYKE  SIMPSON— Born  July  12,  1858,  Pelius  Grove, 
Pa.     M.  D.,  1882,  Univ,  Pennsylvania, 

667.  VICTOR  E.  WATKINS— Born  Nov.  12,  1871,  Hawley,  Pa.  M, 
D.,  1894,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst,  Surg.,  U.  vS,  A,  Resigned  from 
Society,  Jan.  13,  1904. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI,UMBIA  367 

668.  MAURICE  ERWIN  MILLER— Born  Jan.  15,  1868,  Reading, 
Pa.     M.  D.,  1895,  Jefferson. 

669.  ISABEL  HASLUP— Born  Sept.  16,  1864,  Laurel,  Md.  M.  D., 
1897,  Howard.  Married,  July  3,  1899,  Dr.  D.  S.  Lamb,  supra.  Daughter 
of  J.  Waters  and  Susannah  Harrison  Haslup.  Educated  in  public 
schools,  Baltimore  ;  graduated  at  State  Normal  School,  and  taught  in 
Maryland  and  Washington  schools  till  1892.  Sometime  Externe,  Freed- 
men's  Hospital.  Since  graduation  has  practiced  in  Washington.  Assist- 
ant in  Gynecology,  Freedmen's  Hospital;  Med.  Inspector,  Public  Schools; 
Attending  Physician,  W^oman's  Dispensary,  1897-9;  Clinician,  Woman's 
Clinic,  1898-1900.  Member  Therapeutic  Society,  Washington  ;  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C.  Co-author  of  Lamb  and  Lamb's  Rules  of  health,  1900. 
See  Lamb's  History,  p.  138;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

670.  JESSE  HOUCK  RAMSBURGH— Born  Sept.  25,  1869,  Frederick 
Co.,  Md.  A.  B.,  1890;  A.  M.,  1895.  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md.; 
M.  D.,  1895,  Univ.  Va.  Acting  Asst.  Surg,,  U.  S.  A.  Son  of  John 
Stephen  and  Drusilla  Hellen  Beeson  Ramsburgh  ;  descendant  of  Rams- 
burghs,  who  emigrated  to  Maryland  in  1656,  and  Beesons,  who  founded 
Uniontown,  Penna.  ;  Thomas  Johnson,  first  Governor  of  Maryland,  and 
Hon.  John  Grubb,  an  officer  in  the  Colonial  Wars.  Educated  at  the 
Frederick  Acad,  and  St.  Johh's  College,  Annapolis.  In  1895  attended 
post-graduate  course,  N.  Y.  Polyclinic  and  N.  Y.  hospitals.  Resident 
Physician,  1895-6,  Providence  Hospital,  Washington;  Assistant  at  Emer- 
gency Hospital;  on  Staff  of  Georgetown  Univ.  Hospital.  During  Span- 
ish War  served  with  army  in  Cuba,  Montauk  Point  and  Plattsburg,  N. 
Y.  Received  laudatory  letter  from  officers  of  i6th  U.  S.  Inf.  before  San- 
tiago, Cuba.  Prof.  Oral  Surgery,  Georgetown  Med.  School ;  Consultant 
in  Diseases  of  Throat  and  Chest,  Frederick  City  (Md.)  Hosp. ;  Chief  of 
Clinic,  Free  Dispensary  for  Consumptives,  Washington  ;  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  Wash.  Sanatorium  for  Tuberculosis.  Member  Society  Army 
Santiago  de  Cuba.  Married,  Nov.  21,  1900,  Edith,  daughter  of  Dr.  Wm. 
E.  Roberts,  .yzz/ra.  See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908;  George- 
town University,  II,  p.  113. 

APRIL  5,  1899 

671.  JACOB  PRESTON  MILLER— Born  Jan.  19,  1853,  Fayette  Co., 
Pa.  M.  D.,  1878,  Med.  College,  Ohio.  Died  Jan.  23,  1909.  Educated 
in  public  schools  and  by  private  tutor  ;  taught  school  four  years.  Prac- 
ticed eighteen  years  at  Buckhannon,  W.  Va.;  Vice  President,  Society  of 
W.  Va.  Took  post-graduate  courses  in  New  York,  Paris,  Berlin  and 
Vienna.  Member  A.  M.  A.;  Internat.  Med.  Congress,  1887;  Med.  Assn., 
D.  C.     In  service  at  Dispensary  Clinic,  Garfield  Hospital  and  Episcopal 


36S  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hosp.,  Washington.  In  1891  married  Debra  Anna 
Gore,  of  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.  See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington, 
1908;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  March  17,  1909;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  May, 
1909,  p.  134. 

672.  JOHN  BAILEY  MULUNS— Born  Feb.  17,  1867,  Princess  Anne 
Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1887,  Univ.  Maryland.  Died  Feb.  11,  1909.  Son  of 
Col.  John  Mullins,  of  Mississippi.  Educated  at  Virginia  Polytechnic 
Institute,  Blacksburg,  Va.  In  1894  married  Miss  Annette  B.  Kennedy, 
of  Brunswick,  Mo.  Practiced  at  Baltimore  until  1899,  when  he  removed 
to  Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Amer.  Laryn- 
gol.,  Rhinol.  and  Otol.  Society  ;  Clinical  Society,  Washington.  Assist- 
ant Physician  Emergency  Hospital.  Sometime  Demonstrator  Laryn- 
gology and  Rhinology,  Georgetown  Med.  School.  See  Slinutes  Med. 
Society,  March  10,  1909;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  May,  1909,  p.  134;  George- 
town University,  II,  p.  123. 

673.  WILSON  PRESTMAN  MALONE— Born  July  23,  1S63,  Old 
Fort,  N.  C.  M.  D.,  1888,  Univ.  Maryland.  Took  post-graduate  course, 
1892,  Presbyterian  "Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  1897,  in 
Eye  and  Ear,  at  Johns  Hopkins. 

674.  CHARLES  EMORY  FERGUSON— Born  Dec.  27,  1873,  Rock- 
ville,  Ind.     M.  D.,  1896,  National  Univ.,  D.  C. 

675.  ERNEST  W.  FOWLER— M.  D.,  1895,  Coll.  P.  and  S.,  N.  Y. 
City.     Removed,  1902,  from  D.  C.     Contract  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A. 

676.  BERNARD  LAWRISTON  HARDIN— Born  June  14,  1870, 
Lexington,  Va.     B.  S.,  1890,  Va.  Mil.  Institute  ;  M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian. 

677.  WILLIAM  GERRY  MORGAN— Born  May  2,  1868,  Newport, 
N.  H.     A.  B.,  1890,  Dartmouth  ;    M.  D.,  1893,  Univ.  Penna. 

OCTOBER  4,  1899 

678.  THOMAS  DOWLING,  Jr.— Born  June  26,  1870,  D.  C.  Grad- 
uated at  Emerson  Institute,  Washington;  M.  D.,  1898,  Columbian.  Asst. 
Med.  Examiner,  Volunteer  Relief  Dept.,  Penna.  R.  R.,  1905-8.  Asst. 
Med.  Examiner,  and  afterward  Surgeon,  Washington  Terminal  Co. 

679.  ROBERT  SCOTT  LAMB— Born  Oct.  15,  1876,  D.  C,  M.  D., 
1898,  Howard.  Son  of  Dr.  D.  S.  and  Elizabeth  Scott  Lamb,  supra.  At- 
tended  public  schools  ;    graduated   from   High  School,  Washington,  in 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  369 

1893  ;  attended  Cornell  University,  1893-4,  After  graduation  in  med- 
icine practiced  two  years,  was  then  appointed  Med.  Inspector  in  service 
of  Penna.  R.  R,,  in  Pennsylvania.  Studied  at  Pennsylvania  and  Wills 
Eye  Hospitals,  Philadelphia.  Returned  to  Washington  and  resumed 
practice.  For  some  years  was  Prof.  Physiology,  U.  S.  College  Vet.  Sur- 
geons, Washington.  Is  Associate  Attend.  Physician,  Episcopal  Eye, 
Ear  and  Throat  Hospital  ;  Prof.  Ophthalmology,  Howard  Med.  School ; 
Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  Freedmen's  Hosp.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C. ; 
A.  M.  A.;  and  Wash.  Ophthalmolog.  Society.  Married,  Feb.  5,  1901, 
Sarah  Keen,  daughter  of  Geo.  J.  and  Sarah  McClosky  Keen,  Wash- 
ington.    See  Lamb's  History,  p.  137, 

680.  WALLACE  NEFF— Born  Oct.  13,  1852,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  A.  B., 
1874;  A.  M.,  1S77,  Princeton;  M.  D.,  1879,  Med.  College,  Ohio.  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Vols. 

(iSl.  WILLIAM  E.  WHITSON— Born  April  19,  1874,  Virginia.  M, 
D.,  1898,  Columbian; 

APRIL  4,  1900 

682.  JOHN  RYAN  DEVEREUX— Born  Dec.  16,  1868,  Lawrence, 
Kansas.  B.  S.,  1889;  M.  A.,  1893,  Manhattan  College,  N.  Y.  ;  M.  D., 
1892,  Univ.  Penna.     Acting  Asst.  Surg,  and  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A. 

OCTOBER  3, 1900 

683.  GEORGE  BOAZ  COREY— Born  May  28,  1865,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1897,  Howard.  Son  of  James  Weed  and  Charlotte  E.  (Caywood)  Corey  ; 
descendant  of  Giles  Corey,  of  Salem  Farms,  immortalized  in  Longfellow's 
"Christus;"  of  Isaac  Preston  Corey,  author  of  Corey's  Ancient  Frag- 
ments, the  first  translation  of  the  Hieroglyphics  of  Egypt;  of  Lord  Row- 
ton,  Montague  Corey,  biographer  of  Disraeli  ;  of  Samuel  Andrews,  an 
officer  under  Gen.  George  Washington;  of  Benoni  Andrews,  of  the 
French  and  Indian  W^ar;  and  of  Anneka-Jans  Bogardas,  grand  daughter 
of  William  of  Orange.  Was  educated  in  public  schools  and  Columbian 
Univ.  Since  graduation  has  practiced  medicine  in  Washington.  Mar- 
ried, in  1889,  E.  Louise  Fowler,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  who  died  in  1893.  In 
1896,  married  M.  Lucia  Naylor,  of  Pekin,  111.  See  Lamb's  History,  p. 
160. 

684.  DANIEL  WEBvSTER  PRENTISS,  Jr.— Born  Sept.  9,  1874,  D. 
C.  Son  of  Dr.  D.  W.  Prentiss,  siipra  ;  brother  of  Dr.  E.  C.  Prentiss,  in- 
fra.    B.  S.,   1895;   M.  D.,  1899,  Columbian.     Asst.  Prof.  Histology,  G. 

W.  Univ.  Med,  School  ;   Associate  in  Gynecology,  Emergency  Hospital  ; 

24 


37©  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

Visiting  Physician,  Freedmen's  Hospital;  Pathologist,  Sibley  and  Emer- 
gency Hospitals.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Unmarried.  See  Amer. 
Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

685.  WILLIAM  KRAFFT  WARD— Born  Feb.  18,  1876,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
iSyg,  Columbian.     Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S. 

686.  HARRY  HURTT— Born  Feb.  22,  1873,  Kent  Co.,  Md.  M.  D., 
1895,  Univ.  Maryland.  Of  English  descent;  son  of  James  W.  and  Mary 
Elizabeth  Woodland  Hurtt.  Educated  at  village  school,  Shrevi'sbury 
Academy  and  Washington  College.  Post-graduate  course  at  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital,  1895-6.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Clinical 
Society,  Washington  ;  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences.  See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct., 
Washington,  1908. 

687.  HENRY  ALEXANDER  POLKINHORN— Born  Feb.  26,  1874, 
D.  C.     M.  D.,  1896,  Med.-Chirurg.  College,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

688.  AMELIA  FRANCES  FOYE— Born  Aug.  15,  1871,  Honeoye,  N. 
Y.     M.  D.,  1898,  Howard.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  166, 

685),  MICHAEL  FRANCIS  GALLAGHER— Born  May  30,  1S59, 
Pennsylvania.  M.  D.,  1889,  Georgetown.  Sometime  Immigrant  In- 
spector, Immigration  Service. 

690.  KATHRYN  LORIGAN— Born  Nov.  6,  1877,  Vermont.  M.  D., 
1897,  Bishop's  College,  Montreal.  Dropped  from  membership,  1904. 
Removed  to  Allegheny,  Pa. 

691.  JAMES  ROANE— Born  in  i860.  M.  D.,  1882,  Georgetown. 
Dropped  from  membership,  1896. 

APRIL  3,  1901 

692.  HENRY  JOHNS  RHETT— Born  Oct.  10,  1863,  Newport,  R.  I. 
A.  B.,  1885,  Brown;  M.  D.,  1890,  Univ.  Penna. 

693.  HANSON  THOMAS  ASBURY  LEMON— Born  Feb.  3,  1869, 
Baltimore,  Md.     M.  D.,  1896,  Columbian. 

694.  ELIZABETH  BAILEY  MUNCEY— Born  Jan.  6,  1858,  Bristol, 
Pa.  M.  D.,  1898,  Howard.  Educated  at  Bristol  High  School  and  State 
Normal  School,  Millersville,  Pa.  Taught  at  Bristol  High  School.  Since 
graduation  has  practiced  medicine  in  Washington.  See  Lamb's  History, 
p.  201. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  37 1 

095.  JOSEPH  CARLISLE  DE  VRIES— Born  May  26,  1869,  N.  Y. 
City.  M.  D.,  1895,  Univ.  City  New  York.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S. 
A.,  Spanish-American  War;  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N,  1903-5.  Re- 
moved to  Watkins,  N.  Y.  Prof.  Pathology,  Med.  Dept.,  National  Univ., 
Washington,  1899-1903  ;  Attending  Gynecologist,  Emergency  Hospital, 
1899-1903  ;  Recorder,  Assn.  Military  Surgeons,  U.  S.  ;  member  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  A.  M.  A.  ;  Attending  Surgeon,  St.  Bartholomew's  Clinic, 
N.  Y.  City,  and  Attending  Gynecologist,  Columbus  Hospital,  N.  Y.  City; 
honorary  member  Indian  Med.  Assn.,  Calcutta,  India,  and  Societe  de 
Med.  et  d'Hygiene  Tropicales,  Paris,  France;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
New  York  Assn.  Med.  Examiners. 

696.  THEODORE  YOUNG  HULL— Boru  Aug.  24,  i860,  N.  Y.  City. 

B,  Sc,  1884,  Amity  College,  Iowa;    M.  D.,  1892,  Columbian.     Removed, 
1906,  to  San  Antonio,  Texas.     Dropped  from  membership,  Jan.  27,  1909. 

697.  EDWARD  F.  PICKFORD— Born  July,  1868,  Schenectady,  N. 
Y.     A.  B.,  1890,  Union  College,  Schenectady;  M.  D.,  1S95,  Albany. 

698.  ANDREW  DUNBAR  FORSYTHE— Born  March  31,  1874,  Har- 
rodsburg,  Ky.  M.  D.,  1897,  Hosp.  Coll.  Med.,  Louisville,  Ky.  Died 
July  31,  1907,  of  peritonitis.  Son  of  Dr.  Matthew  Leander  and  Bettie 
Griffith  Forsythe.  Graduated,  1892,  Central  Univ.,  Ky.  Resident  Phy- 
sician, 1897-8,  Louisville  City  Hospital;  Children's  Hospital,  1899-1900, 
Randall's  Island,  N.  Y.  Harbor;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A. 
Sept.  17,  1903,  married  Mary  D.  Asquith,  Washington.  See  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  Washington,  1908;  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  9,  1907;  Wash. 
Med.  Annals,  1907,  VI,  p.  394. 

OCTOBER   2,  1901 

699.  WILLIAM  JULIUS  REICHMANN  THONSSEN— Born  March 
28,  1851,  Cleve,  Holstein,  Germany.  M.  D.,  1S88,  Howard.  Educated 
in  public  schools  in  Holstein  and  Altona.  Taught  school  at  Chapel  Hill 
and  Houston,  Texas,  and  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  1871-85.  Attended  post- 
graduate course  at  Columbian  Med.  School,  1892-3.  Married,  1877,  Miss 
Marie  Catherine  Stephan,  of  Baton  Rouge,  La.  See  Lamb's  History, 
p.  223. 

700.  FERDINAND  CLAIBORNE  WALSH— Born  Jan.  27,   1877,  D. 

C.  Son  of  Dr.  Ralph  Walsh,  supra.     M.  D.,  1899,  Univ.  Va.     Removed 
to  Cananea,  Sonora,  Mexico. 


372  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

701.  WILLIAM  NORWOOD  SUTER— Brother  of  Dr.  H.  Suter, 
supra.  Born  Oct.  ii,  1861,  Berryville,  Va.  A.  B.,  1883,  Univ.  Va.; 
M.  D.,  1886,  Univ.  Md.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1887-92.  Author  of  Re- 
fraction, etc.,  Philadelphia,  1903;  Handbook  of  optics,  N.  Y.,  1899.  See 
Powell's  History,  p.  616. 

702.  CLARENCE  AUSTIN  SMITH— Born  Jan.  24,  1861,  Derby, 
Conn.  A.  M.,  1882,  Yale  ;  M.  D.,  1887,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y. 
Interne,  1887-9,  Bellevue  Hospital.  Removed  to  Seattle,  Wash.,  June, 
18S9;  in  1899  was  at  Elizabeth,  N.  J.;  in  1900  in  N.  Y.  City  and  at  Johns 
Hopkins.  Practiced,  1901-2,  in  Washington  City.  Resigned,  1902,  from 
the  Society,  and  returned  to  Seattle.     Editor  of  Northwest  Medicine. 

703.  WILLIAM  RAYMOND  MOULDEN— Born  Jan.  16,  1877,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1900,  Columbian.  Removed  to  Manila,  P.  I.,  1901;  afterward  to 
Bethesda,  Md.,  where  he  is  practicing  medicine. 

704.  THOMAS  SIM  LEE— Born  Dec.  24,  1868,  N.  Y.  City.  A.  B., 
1891,  Harvard  ;  M.  D.,  1894,  College  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y.  City.  Son 
of  Dr.  Chas.  Carroll  and  Helen  Parrish  Lee.  Educated  in  private  schools, 
N.  Y.  City;  Stonyhurst  College,  England.  Sometime  Interne  in  N.  Y. 
hospitals;  did  post-graduate  work  in  hospitals  at  Vienna  and  Johns  Hop- 
kins. Is  Visiting  Physician  to  Home  for  Incurables,  Washington;  Asst. 
Prof,  Physiology,  Georgetown  Med.  School.  See  Georgetown  Univ.,  II, 
p.  121. 

APRIL    2,   1902 

70.5.  DANIEL  BAEN  STREET,  Jr.— Born  Sept.  15,  1875,  D.  C.  Son 
of  Dr.  D.  B.  Street,  supra.  M.  D.,  1897,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Surg., 
U.  S.  A.,  1898-9.  Dropped,  1905,  from  membership.  Removed  to  Jersey 
City,  N.  J. 

706.  EUGENE  LYMAN  LE  MERLE— Born  Nov.  12,  1864,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1897,  Columbian.     Is  in  Health  Department,  D.  C. 

707.  HENRY  COOK  MACATEE— Born  Front  Royal,  Va.,  Aug.  4, 
1878.  Son  of  Chas.  A.  and  Mary  Cook  Macatee.  Educated  in  public 
schools  and  at  Randolph-Macon  Academy,  Front  Royal.  M.  D.,  1900, 
Columbian.  Was  successively  Externe  and  Interne  at  Garfield  Memo- 
rial Hospital,  1899-1901.  Began  practice  in  W^ashington  in  1901.  In 
February,  1903,  became  Superintendent  of  George  Washington  Univ. 
Hosp.  Resigned  in  July,  1904,  and  resumed  private  practice.  Instructor 
in  Medicine  in  George  Washington  Univ.  Med.  School,  1902-9,  when  he 
resigned.     Is  Associate  in   Internal  Medicine  at  Emergency  Hospital  ; 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  373 

since  1905  has  been  a  Medical  Inspector  of  Public  Schools,  D.  C.  Mem- 
ber Med,  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Med.  and  Surg.  Society,  D.  C.  In 
1906,  married  Miss  Miniana  Paxton,  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

708.  NORMAN  RICHARDS  JENNER— Born  July  4,  1862,  Olney, 
111.  M.  D.,  1890,  Howard;  1891,  Georgetown.  Demonstrator  Anatomy, 
Howard  Med.  School;  Associate  in  Nurses'  Training  School,  Freedmen's 
Hospital.  Married,  Dec.  29,  1886,  Alvira  Gertrude  Langwill,  Rising 
Sun,  Indiana.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  129. 

709.  JESSE  NEWMAN  REEVE— Born  Sept.  25,  1866,  Greenville, 
Tenn.     M.  D.,  1893,  Georgetown. 

710.  ROBERT  vSOMERVELL  BEALE— Born  Dec.  9,  1876,  D.  C. 
Son  of  Dr.  J.  S.  Beale,  supra.     M.  D.,  1900,  Columbian. 

7  It.  MARY  LOUISE  STROBEL— Born  May  2,  1854,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1896,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.  Sometime  teacher  in  public  schools,  Wash- 
ington.    Clinician,  Woman's  Clinic.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  271. 

712.  ELLIOTT  COUES  PRENTISS— Born  March  19,  1877,  D.  C. 
Son  of  Dr.  D.  W.  Prentiss,  supra;  brother  of  Dr.  D.  W.  Prentiss,  Jr., 
supra.  M.  D.,  1900,  Columbian.  Resigned  from  Society,  Oct.  16,  1907. 
Removed  to  El  Paso,  Texas. 

713.  SAMUEL  H.  GREENE,  Jr.— Born  July  23,  1874,  Vt.  M.  D., 
1900,  Columbian. 

714.  FRANK  EUGENE  GIBSON— Born  Nov.  16,  1873,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1899,  Columbian. 

715.  S.  CLIFFORD  COX— Born  June  22,  1867,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1892, 
Columbian.  Was  Lieut,  and  Asst.  Surgeon,  ist  D.  C.  Vols.,  Spanish- 
American  War. 

OCTOBER  1,    1902 

716.  CHARLES  LOFTUS  GRANT  ANDERSON— Born  March  8, 
1863,  Washington  Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1884,  College  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N. 
Y.  City.  Licentiate,  1892,  M.  C.  F.,  Maryland  ;  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U. 
S.  A.,  and  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1886-8;  Surg.,  29th  Inf.,  U.  S.  Vols., 
Spanish  War.  Resigned  membership,  Jan,  17,  1906,  and  removed  to 
Ancon,  Panama.  Reelected  April  8,  1908.  Son  of  Rev.  Geo.  Wash. 
Anderson  and  Anna  Maria  Winter  Anderson.  Educated  at  Centenary 
Collegiate  Institute,   Hackettstown,    N.  J.;    Claversack  College,  N.  Y., 


374 


MEDICAL    vSOCIETY 


and  Univ.  Penna.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  T.  M.  A'Heron,  Glen 
Gardner,  N.  J.  Was  House  Physician,  Jersey  City  Charity  Hosp.,  1885. 
Practiced  medicine  in  N.  Y.  City,  1886.  In  18SS  began  practice  at 
Hagerstown,  Md.  Removed  to  Washington.  Member  Washington  Co. 
Med.  Society  ;  Med.  and  Chirurg.  Faculty,  Maryland  ;  Brooklyn  Ethi- 
cal Association  ;  Washington  Anthropolog.  Society.  Physician,  Isth- 
mian Canal  Commission,  1905-7;  resigned  March  i,  1907,  and  returned 
to  Washington.  See  Watson's  Biog.,  p.  398  ;  Powell's  History,  pp.  161, 
712;  Cordell's  Med.  Annals,  Maryland,  1903,  p.  301. 

717.  LOREN  BASCOM  TABER  JOHNSON— Born  June  15,  1875, 
D.  C      Son  of  Dr.  J.  Taber  Johnson,  supra.     M.  D.,  1900,  Georgetown. 

718.  L.  FLEET  LUCKETT— Born  Sept.  19,  1871,  Md.  Son  of  Dr. 
W.  F.  Luckett,  supra.     M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian. 

719.  CAMILLO  H.  MACHINEK— Born  Dec.  3,  1869,  Freiburg, 
Switzerland.  M.  D.,  1892,  Howard.  Dropped  from  membership,  1907. 
See  Lamb's  History,  p.  195. 

720.  ROBERT  HENDERSON  GRAHAM— Born  Jan.  29,  1849,  Yellow 
Springs,  Ohio.  M.  D.,  1879,  Columbus  Med.  College.  Died  Aug.  24, 
1903,  of  peritonitis,  following  operation  for  appendicitis.  Spent  his  early 
years  at  Reynoldsburg,  near  Columbus,  Ohio.  Served  in  Union  Army 
during  Civil  War.  After  graduation  in  medicine  practiced  at  Marysville, 
Ohio.  Removed  to  Washington  in  1889.  Member  of  Business  Men's 
Assn.;  Director,  Washington  Savings  Bank;  member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C; 
Amer.  Therapeutic  Society.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Oct.  7  and  21, 
1903  ;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1903,  II,  p.  349. 

721.  CHARLES  ALBERT  BALL— Born  Jan.  24,  1851,  Alexandria 
Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1877,  Columbian.  Lieut.,  N.  G.  D.  C,  1871-4.  vSon  of 
Robert  and  Elizabeth  A.  Ball.  Educated  in  public  schools  and  Bryant 
and  Stratton's  Business  College,  Washington.  Since  graduation  in  med- 
icine has  practiced  in  Washington.  1893-99,  was  Pension  Examining 
Surgeon.     See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

722.  EDWARD  GRANT  SEIBERT— Born  Aug.  28,  1865,  Chambers- 
burg,  Pa.  Phar.  G.,  1887,  Philadelphia  College  Pharmacy;  M.  D.,  1893, 
Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  vSurg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1901-5.  Son  of  Joseph  War- 
ren and  Louise  Little  Seibert.  Descendant  of  soldiers  of  Amer.  Revolu- 
tion. Graduated,  1881,  Chambersburg  High  School.  Post-graduate 
medical  course,  N.  Y.  City,  since  which  has  practiced  in  Washington. 
Medical   Examiner,  U.  vS.  Civil  Service  Commission,  1894-1901  ;    Expert 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  375 

Medical  Examiner,  U.  S.  Pension  Ofl&ce  ;  Asst.  Prof.  Chemistry,  G.  W. 
Univ.  ;  Chief  of  corresponding  service  in  Dispensary  of  G.  W.  Univ, 
Hospital.  Member  A.  M.  A.  ;  Assn.  Pension  Examining  Surgeons. 
March  5,  1904,  married  Jessie  Eastman  Hopkins.  See  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

723.  GEORGE  CORREL  BURTON— Born  Feb.  26,  1857,  Georgia, 
Ind.  M.  D.,  1881,  Louisville  Med.  College.  Died  July  22,  1909,  Mitchell, 
Ind. 

724.  THOMAS  SANFORD  DUNAWAY  GRASTY— Born  Nov.  16, 
1879,  Fredericksburg,  Va.     M.  D.,  1901,  Columbian. 

725.  HOWARD  WILSON  BARKER— Born  Jan.  4,  1875,  D.  C.  Son 
of  Dr.  H.  H.  Barker,  supra.     M.  D.,  1901,  National  Univ.,  D.  C. 

726.  ALBERT  JOSEPH  CARRICO— Born  Oct.  18,  1874,  Bryantowm, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1896,  Univ.  Maryland.  Son  of  Dr.  Thos.  A.  and  Anne  Pris- 
cilla  Dent  Carrico  ;  of  Spanish  descent  on  his  father's  side.  Educated 
in  public  and  private  schools  near  Bryantown,  and  at  Rock  Hill  College. 
After  graduation  in  medicine  practiced  in  Charles  County  until  1900, 
when  he  removed  to  Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  A. 
M.  A.  Married,  Oct.  26,  1903,  Harriett  Anne  Thyson,  of  Washington. 
See  Univ.  Maryland,  1907,  H,  p.  442. 

727.  ELIJAH  LUMBIA  MASON— Born  Feb.  23,  1871,  Virginia.  M. 
D.,  1901,  Columbian.  Pathologist  and  Bacteriologist,  Children's  Hos- 
pital ;  Visiting  Physician,  Washington  City  Orphan  Asylum. 

728.  THOMAS  BEST  KRAMER— Born  Feb.  18,  1852,  Baltimore,  Md. 
M.  D.,  1887,  Howard.  Grandson  of  Lieut.  John  Jacob  Kramer,  of  war  of 
Amer.  Revolution  ;  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Kramer,  Major  3d  Maryland 
Vols.,  1861-65.  Studied  medicine  with  Surg.  C.  E.  Black,  U.  S.  Navy. 
Attended  Philadelphia  Coll.  Pharmacy.  After  graduation  in  medicine 
practiced  sometime  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  ;  afterwards  in  Washington- 
Married  Luanna  Crook,  daughter  of  Francis  A.  Crook.  See  Lamb's 
History,  p.  189. 

729.  WILLIAM  ALEXANDER  JACK,  JR.-Born  Dec.  31,  1873, 
Newport,  R.  I.  M.  D.,  1896,  Howard.  Son  of  Dr.  Wm.  A.  Jack,  of 
Washington.  Was  Interne,  1896-7,  Freedmen's  Hospital,  Washington, 
since  which  has  practiced  medicine  in  Washington.  See  Lamb's  His- 
tory, p.  183. 


376  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

730.  ENRICO  G.  V.  CASTELLI— Born  Jan.  27,  1S69,  Florence, 
Italy.  M.  D.,  1897,  Bologna,  Italy  ;  h.  M.,  1900,  Dublin.  Droppedi 
1905,  from  membership.     Removed  to  N.  Y.  City. 

731.  GIDEON  BROWN  MILLER— Born  Dec.  27,  1861,  Laurel  Mills, 
Va.  C.  E.,  1886;  B,  Sc,  1887,  Va.  Mil.  Institute;  M.  D.,  1890,  Univ. 
Virginia.  Student,  Johns  Hopkins  Post-Graduate  School  of  Medicine, 
1893-94,  and  Univ.  Leipsig,  Med.  Dept.,  1896-97.  Interne,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital,  1894-6,  and  1897  to  1901  ;  Resident  Gynecologist  the  last 
16  months.  In  charge  of  Diseases  of  Women,  Emergency  Hospital, 
Washington  ;  Associate  Surgeon,  Columbia  Hospital;  Instructor,  Gyne- 
cology, G.  W.  U.  Med.  Dept. 

732.  FREDERICK  FRANCIS  REPETTI— Born  Sept.  5,  1858,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1895,  Georgetown. 

733.  RAPHAEL  BURKE  DURFEE— Born  Sept.  14,  1875,  D.  C.  M. 
D.  1900,  Georgetown.  Resigned  Jan.  25,  1905.  Removed  to  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. 

734.  EDGAR  P.  COPELAND— Born  Nov.  24,  1878,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1900,  Columbian.  Instructor  and  Clinical  Instructor  in  Pediatrics,  G. 
W.  U.  Med,  School.  In  charge  Surgical  Service,  Out-Patients  Depart- 
ment, Children's  Hospital. 

735.  WM.  CLARENCE  GWYNN— Born  Nov.  10,  1873,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1898,  Georgetown. 

736.  De  WITT  CLINTON  CHADWICK— Born  Jan.  5,  1858,  Camden, 
Ohio.     M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian. 

737.  JAMES  JULIUS  RICHARDSON— Born  Jan.  23,  1868,  Sardis, 
Ohio.  M.  D.,  1889,  Univ.  Maryland.  Son  of  R.  P.  and  Elizabeth 
Richardson.  Post-graduate  medical  courses  at  N.Y.  Post-Graduate  Med. 
School,  Univ.  Edinburgh,  Univ.  Vienna  and  Post-Graduate  School,  of 
London.     Married.     See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

738.  SAMUEL  WESLEY  MELLOTT— Born  Aug.  3,  1861,  Beallsville, 
Ohio.  B.  S.,  1895,  Mt.  Union  College,  Ohio  ;  M.  D.,  1897,  Howard. 
Dropped  from  membership,  1907.  Assistant  Examiner,  U.  S.  Pension 
Office.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  198. 

739.  GEORGE  KASPER  BAIER— Born  Jan.  24,  1876,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1898,  Columbian.     LL.  B.,  1904,  National  Univ.,  D.  C. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  377 

740.  NEIL  DUNCAN  GRAHAM— Born  Sept.  22,  1874,  Falls  Church, 
Va.     Son  of  Dr.  N.  F.  Graham,  supra.     M.  D.,  1901,  Johns  Hopkins. 

741.  CHARLES    H.    JAMES— Born   March   4,   1874,   D.   C.     M.  D., 

1897,  Columbian.     Dropped  from  membership,  Jan.  27,  1909. 

742.  R.  R.  FARQUHAR— Born  Oct.  i,  1876,  Annapolis,  Md.  Hos- 
pital Steward,  U.  S.  Navy,  in  Spanish-American  War.  M.  D.,  1899, 
Univ.  Penna.     Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S. 

743.  JOHN  LEWIS  RIGGLES— Born  Aug.  7,  1877,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1900,  Columbian. 

744.  CARL  SCHURZ   KEYSER— Born  Feb.  14,  1872,  D.  C.     M.  D., 

1898,  Columbian. 

745.  BENJAMIN  F.  TIEFENTHALER— Born  Sept.  7,  1869,  Wooster, 
Ohio.  M.  D.,  1899,  Columbian.  Died  Feb.  6,  1908,  of  Bright's  disease. 
Graduated  in  and  practiced  pharmacy  in  Ohio.  Sometime  Secretary  to 
Dean  of  G.  W,  Univ.  Med.  School.  Married,  April  23,  1895,  Miss  Daisy 
Oldroyd,  daughter  of  Capt.  and  Mrs.  O.  H.  Oldroyd,  of  Washington  ; 
after  vi'hich  practiced  in  Washington.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Feb. 
26,  1908;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1908,  VII,  p.  122. 

746.  RICHARD  SCOTT  BLACKBURN— Born  April  29,  1875,  Vir- 
ginia.    M.  D.,  1898,  Univ.  Va.     Resigned  Dec.  2,  1908. 

747.  JOSEPH  STILES  WALL— Born  Oct.  3,  1876,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1897,  Georgetown.  Sometime  Surg.  Police  and  Fire  Depts.,  D.  C; 
Med.  Examiner,  Board  Registration,  D.  C.     Married. 

748.  THOMAS  ALLEN  GROOVER— Born  May  9,  1877,  Pidcock,  Ga. 
M.  D.,  1898,  Columbian.     Med.  Inspector,  Public  Schools,  D.  C. 

749.  WILLIAM  PINKNEY  REEVES— Born  Feb.  6,  1871,  Maryland. 
M.  D.,  1899,  Georgetown. 

750.  LUTHER  HALSEY  REICHELDERFER— Born  Feb.  4,  1874, 
Hallsville,  Ohio.  M.  D.,  1899,  Columbian.  Lieut.  Col.,  ist  Regt.  D.  C. 
N.  G.  Supt.  and  Chief  Resident  Physician,  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital, 
1900-7  ;  member  of  Faculty,  G.  W.  Univ.  Med,  School  ;  of  Consulting 
Staff,  Woman's  Clinic  ;  of  Attending  Staff,  Garfield  and  Tuberculosis 
Hospitals,  Washington. 


378  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

7.>1.  JOHN  SEDWICK  DORSEY— Born  Feb.  28,  1868,  Port  Repub- 
lie,  Md.     M.  D.,  1890,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg,,  Baltimore,  Md. 

752.  THOMAS  JOHN  CHEW— Born  Feb.  25,  1846,  Maryland.  A. 
M.,  1865,  Princeton;  M.  D.,  1868,  Univ.  Maryland.  Died  May  i,  1904. 
See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  May  4,  1904;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  IH,  1904-5, 
p.  282. 

753.  MONTGOMERY  HUNTER— Born  May  11,  1864,  Alexandria, 
Va.     M.  D.,  1896,  Columbian. 

754.  HOWARD  FISHER— Born  Jan.  25,  1866,  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  A. 
B.,  1886;  A.  M.,  1889,  Hanover,  Ind.  ;  graduate,  1889,  Theology,  McCor- 
mick  Theological  Seminary,  Chicago  ;  M.  D.,  1895,  Jefferson.  Son  of 
Rev.  D.  W.  and  Amanda  Kounts  Fisher.  Educated  at  Hanover  College, 
Ind.,  and  the  Theological  Seminary.  Medical  Missionary  sometime  in 
East  Indies.  Attended,  1899-1900,  Univ.  Berlin.  Associate  in  Children's 
Clinic,  Emergency  Hospital,  Washington.  Jan.  10,  1896,  married  S. 
Katharine  Conner.     See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

755.  CHARLES  STANLEY  WHITE— Born  July  i,  1877,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  189S,  Columbian.  Interne,  Columbian  Univ.  Hospital,  1898-9 ;  Co- 
lumbia Hospital,  1899-1901.  Practiced  in  Washington,  1901-3.  House 
Surgeon,  Emergency  Hospital,  1903-6;  Superintendent  of  same,  1906-8. 
Post-graduate  courses  at  Harvard,  1903,  and  Post-Graduate  School,  Chi- 
cago, 1904.  Vice  President,  Wash.  Obstet.  and  Gynecol.  Society,  1907-8; 
Vice  President,  George  Washington  Univ.  Med.  Society,  1907-8  ;  Asst. 
Prof.  Surgery,  George  Washington  Univ.  Med.  School;  Associate  in  Sur- 
gery, Central  Disp.  and  Emergency  Hosp.  Co-editor,  Wash.  Med.  An- 
nals. 

756.  EDITH  LYALL  MADDREN— Bprn  Jan.  8,  1S77,  D.  C.     M.  D., 

1899,  National  Univ.,   D.  C.     Dropped  from  Aiembership,  1906.     Physi- 
cian in  Indian  Service  at  Cheyenne  Reservation,  Cherry  Creek,  S.  Dak. 

757.  JOHN  PAUL  GUNION— Born  Sept.  15,  1876,  ;D.  C.  M.  D., 
1S99,  Columbian. 

758.  WILLIAM  SAWYER  NEWELL— Born  Oct.  22,  1874,  Evans- 
ville,  Ind.     M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian. 

759.  JOHN  ALPHONSO  O'DONOGHUE— Born  Dec.  18,  1874,  D.  C. 
A.  B.,  1896,  Rock  Hill  College,  Ellicott  City,  Md.;   A.  M.,  1897;   M.  D., 

1900,  Georgetown. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  379 

760.  WILLIAM  JOHN  ARMSTRONG— Born  Sept.  15,  1835,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.     M.  D.,  1870,  Georgetown. 

761.  CHARLES  M.  EMMONS— Born  Nov.  11,  1873,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1893,  Georgetown;  LL.  B.,  1902,  National  Univ.;  LL.  M.,  1904,  Wash- 
ington College  of  Law.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  135. 

762.  JESSE  SHOUP— Born  Feb.  24,  1865,  Ohio.  M.  D.,  1891,  Jef- 
ferson. 

763.  ALFRED  VANDIVER  PARSONS— Born  March  19,  1863,  Balti- 
more, Md.  M.  D.,  1889,  Univ.  Maryland.  Son  of  Eliphalet  and  Sue  F. 
Warner  Parsons,  of  American  ancestry.  Educated  in  private  schools, 
Baltimore.  Practiced  in  Baltimore  about  a  year,  then  removed  to  Wash- 
ington. Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  Married,  June  23,  1891,  Minnie  C. 
Losekam.     See  Univ.  Maryland,  1907,  II,  p.  247. 

764.  WALTER  PRINCE  KEENE—M.  D.,  1900,  Georgetown.  Acting 
Asst.  Surg.,  Revenue  Marine  Service.  Resigned.  Removed  to  Cal- 
ifornia. 

[Lewis  Albert  Walker,  Jr. — Never  qualified  and  name  dropped,  Nov. 

APRIL  15,  1903 

765.  FRANCIS  STANISLAUS  MACHEN— Born  Dec.  18,  1873,  To- 
ledo, Ohio.  Educated  in  common  schools  and  Detroit  College,  Michi- 
gan.    M.  D.,  1901,  Georgetown. 

766.  HENRY  MERRILL  JEWETT— Born  April  26,  1879,  Laconia, 
N.  H.     M.  D.,  1902,  Columbian. 

767.  FRANK  LEE  BISCOE— Born  Sept.  9,  1876,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1901, 
Georgetown. 

768.  TRUMAN  ABBE -Born  Nov.  i,  1S73,  D.  C.  A.  B.,  1S95,  Har- 
vard; M.  D.,  1899,  College  Phys.  and  Surgeons,  N.  Y.  Son  of  Cleveland 
and  Frances  M.  Abbe.  Educated  in  public  schools  of  Washington.  After 
graduation  spent  three  years  at  Univ.  Berlin  and  in  hospitals,  N.  Y.  City. 
Taught  Physiology  and  Surgery,  1902-5,  Georgetown  Med.  School;  since 
1905  at  G.  W.  Univ.  Med.  School.  Practiced  in  Washington  since 
1902.  April  22,  1905,  married  Ethel  W.  Brown.  See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct., 
Washington,  1908. 


380  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

7G9.  AUBREY  HORATIO  STAPLES-Born  July  21,  1874,  Jersey 
City,  N.  J.  M.  D.,  1896,  Baltimore  Med.  College.  Educated  in  public 
schools  at  Oil  City,  Pa.,  and  Presbyterian  College,  New  Windsor.  After 
graduation  passed  New  Jersey  State  Board.    Is  practicing  in  Washington. 

770.  CHARLES  HERMAN  CLARK— Born  July  30,  1866,  Mechanics- 
burg,  Ohio.  M.  D.,  1893,  Starling  Med.  College.  Resigned.  Removed, 
March  27,  1907,  to  Cleveland,  Ohio.     Supt.  Ohio  State  Insane  Asylum. 

771.  ADOLPHUS  BOGARDUS  BENNETT,  Jr.— Born  Oct.  18,  1879, 
Brautford,  Canada.  M.  D,,  1901,  Columbian.  Capt.,  Med.  Corps,  D.  C. 
N.  G. 

772.  GEORGE  WALTER  WARREN— Born  Dec.  13,  1863,  Wilson, 
N.  C.     M.  D.,  1892,  Baltimore  University. 

773.  JOSEPH  FRANCIS  McKAIG-Born  Sept.  15,  1869,  N.  Y.  A. 
B.,  1890;  M.  D.,  1893,  Georgetown.  Son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  A.  Lough- 
ran  McKaig.  Educated  in  public  and  parochial  schools,  and  Gonzaga 
College,  Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.  Married, 
Jan.  9,  1899,  Catherine  Carley.     See  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  267. 

OCTOBER    7.   1903 

774.  SIMON  RUFUS  KARPELES-Born  March  i,  1880,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1902,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.     Secretary,  Therapeutic  Society,  D.  C. 

775.  ANTHONY  MORELAND  RAY— Born  April  17,  1867,  Forest 
Glen,  Md.     M.  D.,  1895,  Univ.  Virginia. 

770.  GUSTAVUS  WERBER— Born  Dec.  18,  1864,  Newberry,  S.  C. 
A.  B.,  1882;  A.  M.,  1884,  Newberry;  M.  D.,  1894,  Columbian.  Son  of 
Frederick  and  Louisa  Werber.  Since  graduation  in  medicine  has  prac- 
ticed in  Washington.  April  30,  1902,  married  Catharine  Moses.  See 
Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

777.  WALTER  HIBBARD  MERRILL— Born  Feb.  17,  1873,  Marl- 
boro, N.  H.  B.  L.,  1894,  Dartmouth;  M.  D.,  1901,  Columbian.  See 
Johnson  and  Merrill,  The  X  rays,  Philadelphia,  1900. 

778.  C.  NORMAN  HOWARD— Born  Sept.  23,  1875,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
M.  D.,  1898,  Columbian.  Removed,  January,  1907,  to  Warsaw,  Ind. 
Resigned  from  Med.  Society,  Jan.  i,  1908.  Graduated  from  City  Hos- 
pital, Blackwell's   Island,  N.  Y.  City,  Aug.   i,    1902 — course   of   twenty 


DISTRICT     OK     COLUMBIA  38  I 

months.  Substituted  at  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  in  1900,  and 
Gouverneur  Hospital,  N,  Y.  City.  Took  X-Ray  course,  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital,  1903.  N.  Y.  State  license,  1902.  Asst.  Attending  Physician  of 
Emergency  Hospital,  G.  W.  Univ.  Hospital,  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear  and 
Throat  Hospital,  Washington.  Member  Board  of  Directors,  Woman's 
Clinic,  Washington.  Served  during  Cuban  campaign  as  Financial  Sec- 
retary to  Brig.  Gen.  William  Ludlow,  Chief  Engineer  on  General  Miles' 
Staff.     In  office  Adjutant  General,  U.  S.  A.,  1899-1900. 

779.  MELCHIOR  B.  STRICKLER— Born  May  21,  1834,  Pennsyl- 
vania.    M.  D.,  1861,  Univ.  Penna. 

780.  DANIEL  DOMINICK  MULCAHY— Born  Aug.  7,  1871,  near 
EllicottCity,  Md.  Phar.  D.,  1893,  Nat.  Coll.  Pharmacy,  D.  C.  ;  M.  D., 
1899,  Georgetown. 

781.  LAURA  MARIE  REVILLE— Born  Nov.  i,  1847,  Ohio  Co.,  Ind. 
M.  D.,  1890,  Woman's  Med.  College,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

782.  SAMUEL  FRY— Born  Oct.  26,  1870,  New  Orleans,  La.  M.  D., 
1902,  Columbian. 

783.  ALBERT  LYNCH  LAWRENCE— Born  June  22,  1864,  Colum- 
bus, Ohio.  Phar.  D.,  1885,  Nat.  Coll.  Pharmacy,  D.  C.  ;  M.  D.,  1896, 
Columbian.     Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C,  and  A,  M,  A. 

784.  HENRY  MARSHALL  DIXON— Born  Dec.  9,  1870,  Yazoo,  Miss. 
M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian. 

[William  Bernard  Johnston  —  Son  of  Dr.  W.  W.  Johnston,  supra. 
Failed  to  qualify.] 

OCTOBER    14,    1903 

78.>.  OSCAR  WILKINSON— Born  Aug.  31,  1870,  Mississippi.  M.  D., 
1896,  Tulane. 

780.  EDGAR  DORMAN  THOMPSON— Born  Oct.  10,  1871,  Doe  Run, 
Pa.  A.  B.,  1893;  A.  M.,  1896,  Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  Lancaster, 
Pa.;  M.  D.,  1896,  Long  Island  Coll.  Hospital. 

APRIL  6,  1904 

787.  CHARLES  M.  BEALL— Born  Sept.  22,  1S77,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1900,  Columbian.     Inspector,  Health  Dept.,  D.  C. 


382  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

788.  BLANCHE  ROSALIE  SLAUGHTER— Born  Oct.  28,  1873, 
Lynchburg,  Va.  M.  D.,  1897,  Woman's  Med.  College,  Philadelphia. 
Married,  1906,  Baxter  Morton.  Resigned  membership,  Oct.  17,  1906,  and 
removed  to  N.  Y.  City.  Editor,  etc..  Daughters  of  Aesculapius,  Phila- 
delphia, 1897. 

780.  JOHN  JOSEPH  REPETTI— Born  Feb.  6,  1875,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1897,  Georgetown.     Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols.     Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.S.A. 

790.  TAYLOR  BOYD  DIXON— Born  March  30,  1876,  Baltimore,  Md. 
M.  D.,  1900,  Columbian. 

791.  JOSEPH  CLARENCE  TAPPAN— Born  May  31,  1871,  D.  C.  M, 
D.,  1899,  Columbian. 

792.  ALMER  M.  HOADLEY— Born  Nov,  4,  1861,  Avoca,  N,  Y.  M. 
D.,  1902,  Columbian.  Died  of  uremia,  Dec.  8,  1907.  Was  associated 
some  time  with  his  father  in  management  of  Belvidere  Hotel,  Washing- 
ton. After  graduation  in  medicine  practiced  in  Washington.  Buried  at 
Avoca.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Jan.  6  and  15,  1908 ;  Wash.  Med. 
Annals,  1908,  VII,  pp.  124,  125. 

[W.  W.  Richardson  was  elected  but  failed  to  qualify.] 

OCTOBER  5,  1904 

793.  B.  ALICE  CRUSH— Born  Oct.  11,  1848,  Newcastle,  Va.  M.  D., 
1894,  Columbian. 

794.  HENRY  HOLLIDAY  STROMBERGER— Born  Feb.  20,  1866, 
D.  C.     M.  D.,  1899,  Columbian.     Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A. 

795.  GEORGE  ALTICK  CURRIDEN— Born  July  4,  1866,  Shippens- 
burg.  Pa.  M.  D.,  1892,  Univ.  Penna.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A. 
Removed,  Sept.  15,  1905,  to  Chambersburg,  Pa.  Died  April  15,  1908,  at 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

79().  JOHN  POTTS  FILLEBROWN— Born  Sept.  23,  1858,  D.  C.  M. 
E.,  1880,  Lafayette  College;  M.  D.,  1897,  Bellevue. 

797.  HENRY  RANDALL  ELLIOTT,  Jr.— Born  July  18,  1874,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1895,  Univ.  Va. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  383 

798.  EDWARD  ELLIOTT  RICHARDSON— Born  Feb.  19,  1873, 
Rockingham,  Vt.  B.  S.,  1904;  M.  S.,  1905;  M.  D.,  1895,  Columbian. 
Physician  to  the  Poor,  1895-9.  Med.  Inspector,  Public  Schools,  D.  C, 
1899.     Asst.  Demons.  Anatomy,  1898,  Columbian;  Prosector,  1899-1901. 

799.  EDGAR  WILLIAM  WATKINS.— Born  Aug.  26,  1857,  Fairfax 
Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1896,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.  Member  A.  M.  A.,  and 
Nat.  Therap.  Assn.     On  Staff  of  Casualty  Hospital,  D.  C. 

800.  JAMES  FARNANDIS  MITCHELL— Born  July  i,  1871,  Balti- 
more, Md.     A.  B.,  1891  ;  M.  D.,  1897,  Johns  Hopkins. 

801.  MARY  HOLMES— Born  March  15,  1874,  New  Lexington,  Ohio. 
M.  D.,  1900,  National  Univ.,  D.  C;  1901,  Woman's  Med.  Coll.,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  Clinician,  Woman's  Clinic  and  Woman's  Dispensary, 
Washington. 

802.  ALFRED  RICHARDS— Born  Sept.  29,  1872,  D.  C.  M.  D.,  1897, 
Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  Surg.  Met.  Police  and  Fire 
Depts.,  D.  C. 

803.  HARRY  ATW^OOD  FOWLER— Born  Sept.  22,  1872,  Boston, 
Mass.  B.  S.,  1895,  Univ.  Minn.  ;  M.  D.,  1901,  Johns  Hopkins.  Prof. 
Genito-Urinary  Diseases,  Howard  Univ.  Med.  School,  D.  C. 

804.  ARTHUR  HERBERT  KIMBALL— Born  March  13,  1875,  D.  C. 
B.  S.,  1897  ;  A.  M.,  1903,  Amherst;  M.  D.,  1902,  Johns  Hopkins. 

805.  LOUISE  TAYLER-JONES— Born  Nov.  14,  1870,  Youngstown, 
Ohio.  B.  S.,  1896,  Wellesley  ;  M.  S.,  1898,  Columbian;  M.  D.,  1903, 
Johns  Hopkins. 

806.  CHARLES  ALEXANDER  CRAWFORD— Born  Feb.  28,  1875, 
Natchez,  Miss.     M.  D.,  1897,  Univ.  of  Va.     Passed  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  N. 

807.  ANNA  BARTSCH— Born  Dec.  18,  1876,  Silesia,  Germany. 
M.  D.,  1902,  Howard.  Graduated  at  High  School,  Burlington,  Iowa. 
Was  Resident  Physician,  Lying-in  Charity  Hospital,  Philadelphia, 
1902-3  ;  Associate  Prof.  Histology  and  in  charge  Physiological  Labora- 
tory, Quiz  Master  in  Obstetrics,  and  Obstetrical  Clinician,  Howard  Univ. 
Med.  School,  Washington  ;  Clinician,  Woman's  Clinic.  Married  Dr. 
H.  E.  Dunne,  of  Ridgway,  Pa.,  and  removed  there  in  1908.  See  Lamb's 
Hist.,  p.  234. 


384  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

808.  ROBERT  JOHN  McADORY.— Born  Aug.  15,  1872,  Mobile, 
Ala.  Attended  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md.;  Corcoran  Scientific 
School,  D.  C;  Stanford  Univ.,  Cal.  M.  D.,  1897,  Univ.  City  N.  Y. 
Acting  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  ;  Surgeon  of  Revenue  Cutter. 

809.  JAMES  GEORGE  McKAY— Born  July  26,  1871,  Stockton-on- 
Tees,  England.  M.  D.,  1895,  Univ.  Penna.  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols., 
1901-2.     Acting  Asst,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A. 

810.  EDWARD  HIRAM  REEDE— Born  June  3,  1875,  N.  Y.     M.  D., 

1902,  Johns  Hopkins.  Was  Resident  Physician,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  N. 
Y.  City.     Dropped  from  membership,  1907. 

APRIL    S,   190S 

811.  PETER  HENRY  STELTZ,  Jr.— Born  Dec.  8,  1868,  Allentown, 
Pa.  M.  D.,  18SS,  Univ.  Penna.  Was  Resident  Physician,  German  Hos- 
pital, Philadelphia.  Med.  Examiner,  Penna.  R.  R.  ;  Med.  Examiner 
and  Surgeon,  Washington  Terminal. 

812.  CARL  LAWRENCE  DAVIS— Born  July  9,  1878,  Vermontville, 
Mich.     M.  D.,  1903,  Columbian. 

813.  BUCKNER  MAGILL  RANDOLPH— Born  Aug.  21,  1871,  Co 
lumbia,  Pa.     M.  D.,  1898,  Med.  College  Va. 

814.  JOSEPH  ERNEST  MITCHELL— Born  Dec.  25,  1871,  Tyaskin, 
Md.  M.  D.,  1903,  Columbian.  Resident  Physician,  Washington  Asylum 
Hospital,  1903-4. 

815.  HARRY  HAMPTON  DONNALLY— Born  Sept.  4,  1877,  George- 
town, Ky.     A.  M.,   1897,  Gallaudet;   B.  S.,  1896;  A.  M.,  1897;  M.  D., 

1903,  Columbian. 

8ie.  DWIGHT  GORDON  SMITH— Born  Aug.  26,  1873,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  A.  B.,  1896,  Williams;  M.  D.,  1903,  Columbian.  Member  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C;  Therapeutic  Society;  Hippocrates  Society.  Interne  and 
Resident  Physician,  Children's  Hospital  ;  on  Dispensary  Staff,  Emer- 
gency Hospital. 

817.  HENRY   WOOD  TOBIAS— Born  May  8,   1876,  Donaldson,  Pa. 

B.  E.,  1895,  Millersville  College,  Pa.;  M.  D.,  1901,  Columbian.  Externe, 
Garfield  Memorial  Hospital ;  Resident  Physician,  Casualty  Hospital, 
University  (Columbian)  Hospital,  and  Wills'  Mountain  Sanatorium,  of 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  385 

Cumberland,  Md.  Physician  to  Tubercular  Clinic,  Associated  Charities; 
Assistant  to  Nose  and  Throat  Dispensary  and  Surgical  Dispensary,  Emer- 
gency Hospital.     Married,  April  30,  1907,  Harriet  B.  Hamill. 

S18.  JOSEPH  DECATUR  ROGERS— Born  Nov.  23,  1880,  Hamilton, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1902,  Columbian.  Son  of  Samuel  E.  and  Elizabeth  C.  Rog- 
ers. Educated  at  Washington  High  School  and  Columbian  Univ.  Post- 
graduate work  in  N.  Y.  hospitals,  since  which  has  practiced  medicine  in 
Washington.  Was  Resident  Physician,  Columbia  Hospital  and  G.  W. 
Univ.  Hospital.  Unmarried.  See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington, 
1908. 

819.  WILLIAM  FOWKE  RAVENEL  PHILLIPS— Born  July  13, 
1863,  Bedford  Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1890,  Columbian.  Son  of  Dinwiddie  P. 
and  Nannie  F.  Walden  Phillips.  Educated  in  school,  Chatham,  Va. 
Med.  Climatologist,  1895-1904,  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau  ;  1904-9,  Dean, 
Med.  Dept.,  G.  W.  Univ.;  in  1891-2,  and  since  1895,  Prof.  Hygiene  in 
same;  President,  1905,  Amer.  Climatolog.  Assn.;  Secretary,  Anatom. 
Board,  D.  C,  since  1902.  Sometime  Editor  of  Climate  and  Health,  oflS- 
cial  publication  of  Weather  Bureau.  Unmarried.  See  Who's  Who  in 
America;  Amer.  Men  of  Science,  1906;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington, 
1908. 

S20.  LEWIS  HARVIE  TAYLOR— Born  July  26,  1S75,  Chula,  Va. 
M.  D.,  1903,  Columbian. 

821.  JOHN  BRADFORD  BRIGGS,  Jr.— Born  Feb.  17,  1877,  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.  B.  S.,  189S,  New  York  Univ.;  M.  D.,  1902,  Johns  Hop- 
kins. 

822.  LEON  ELLERY  STORY— Born  July  8,  1879,  Franklin,  N.  H. 
M.  D.,  1901,  Georgetown.  Removed  to  St.  Johns,  afterwards  to  Port- 
land, Oregon.  Inspector  of  public  schools,  Portland.  Son  of  Dr.  J.J. 
Story,  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

823.  REGINALD  REDFORD  WALKER— Born  March  5,  1877,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1900,  Georgetown. 

OCTOBER  4,  1905 

824.  WILLIAM  HITE  HOUGH— Born  Oct.  31,  1877,  Waterford,  Va. 
Phar.  D.,  1897,  National  Coll.  Phar.,  D.  C;  M.  D.,  1899,  Georgetown. 
Assistant  Physician,  Govt.  Hospital  Insane,  D.  C. 

825.  MAHLON  ASHFORD— Born  March  24,  1881,  D.  C.  Son  of 
Dr.  F.  A.  Ashford,  supra.  M.  D.,  1904,  Georgetown.  Resigned  Jan.  15, 
1909.     Now  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A. 

25 


386  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

826.  HARRY  REID  HUMMER— Born  Jan.  27,  1879,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1899,  Georgetown.  Sometime  Asst.  Physician,  St.  Elizabeth  Hospital, 
Washington.  Removed  to  Caxton,  South  Dakota.  Supt.  of  Insane 
Asylum. 

827.  BENJAMIN  RUSH  LOGIE— Born  Oct,  8,  1867,  Kearneysville, 
W.  Va.  M.  D.,  1890,  Univ,  Md.  Assistant  Physician,  Govt.  Hospital 
Insane,  D.  C. 

828.  FRANCIS  ALPHONSE  SCHNEIDER— Born  Feb.  27,  1S70, 
Herbstein,  Germany.  A.  B.,  1890,  St.  Mary's,  North  East,  Pa.;  M.  D., 
1901,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.  Y.;  1902,  Univ.  Berlin  ;  Asst.  Sur- 
geon, Vauderbilt  Clinic,  N.  Y.,  1902-4;  Asst.  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary, 
N.  Y.,  1903-4;  Asst.,  Georgetown  Univ.  Hosp.,  and  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear 
and  Throat  Hosp.,  Washington. 

829.  FRANK  FREMONT-SMITH— Born  Sept.  13,  1856,  Hillsboro, 
N.  H.  A.  B.,  1880,  Dartmouth  ;  M.  D.,  1883,  Univ.  Pa.  Member  Amer, 
Climat.  Assn.  ;  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences. 

830.  WILLIAM  GAGE  ERVING— Born  Aug.  11,  1877,  Hartford, 
Conn.  B.  A,,  1898,  Yale  ;  M.  D.,  1902,  Johns  Hopkins.  Husband  of  Dr. 
E.  L.  Erving,  infra.  Prof.  Orthopedic  Surgery,  Howard  Med.  School  ; 
Orthopedic  Surgeon,  Providence  and  Freedmen's  Hospitals  ;  Member 
Amer.  Orthopedic  Assn. 

APRIL   4,   1906 

831.  GEORGE  TULLY  VAUGHAN— Born  June  27,  1859,  Arrington, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1879,  Univ.  Va.;  1880,  Bellevue.  Asst.  Surg.,  1888;  Passed 
Asst.  Surg.,  1892;  Surgeon,  1900,  and  Asst.  Surg.  General,  1902,  U.  S. 
M.  H.  S.  ;  resigned  in  1905  ;  Brigade  Surg.,  U.  S.  Vols.,  in  Spanish  War. 
Is  of  Welsh  descent.  Son  of  Dr.  Washington  L.  and  Francis  Ellen 
Shields  Vaughan.  Educated  at  private  schools  and  at  Kenmore  Univ. 
High  School,  Amherst,  Va.  Post-graduate  medical  courses  at  N.  Y. 
Polyclinic  Hospital,  Jefferson  Med.  College,  Philadelphia,  and  Univ. 
Berlin.  Practiced  at  Lowesville  and  Farmville,  Va.,  1880-8.  Prof.  Surg., 
1897,  Georgetown  Med.  School ;  Chief  Surg.,  Georgetown  Univ.  Hospital ; 
Surgeon,  Emergency  Hospital ;  Consulting  Surg.,  St.  Elizabeth  Asy- 
lum. Fellow  Amer.  Surg.  Assn.;  President,  Assn.  Mil.  Surgeons  ;  Cor- 
responding member  Society  French  Mil.  Medicine ;  member  Med. 
Society,  Va.;  Honorary  member  Vanderburg  Co.  Med.  Societj',  Indiana  ; 
member  Wash.  Acad.  Sciences.  Married,  1883,  May  Townsend,  daughter 
of  W.  G.  Venable,  Farmville,  Va.      Author  of  Principles  and  practice 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  387 

of  surgery,  Philadelphia,  1903-5,  See  Who's  Who  in  America  ;  Stone's 
Biog.,  1894,  p.  693  ;  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908  ;  Georgetown 
Univ.,  II,  p.  105. 

832.  SOTHORON  KEY— Born  Jan.  29,  1873,  Leonardtown,  Md.  B. 
S.,  1894;  M.  S.,  1897,  Maryland  Agricult.  College;  M.  D.,  1899,  Colum- 
bian. 

833.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  BOYD— Born  Nov.  18,  1859,  D.  C. 
Phar.  D.,  1880.  National  College  Pharmacy,  D.  C;  M.  D.,  1895,  College 
Phj's.  and  Surg.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

834.  HOMER  G,  FULLER— Born  Jan.  10,  1879,  Derby,  Conn.  Ph. 
B.,  1901,  Yale;  M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian. 

835.  JOHN  DUNLOP— Born  July  4,  1876,  D.  C.  B.  S.,  1898,  Prince- 
ton; M.  D.,  1902,  Johns  Hopkins. 

836.  ERNEST  PENDLETON  MAGRUDER— Born  Oct.  23,  1875, 
Upper  Marlboro,  Md.  A.  B.,  1895,  Johns  Hopkins;  A.  M.,  1900;  M.  D., 
1902,  Columbian.  Son  of  Caleb  Clark  Magruder  and  Elizabeth  Rice 
Nalle  ;  grandson  of  Dr.  Richard  Thomas  Nalle,  of  Virginia  ;  descendant 
of  Alex.  Magruder,  immigrant,  of  the  Clan  Gregor,  Scotland.  Educated 
at  Upper  Marlboro  Academy  and  Georgetown  Univ.  Was  Asst.  Demon- 
strator Anatomy,  George  Washington  Univ.,  1907-8;  Asst.  in  Surgery, 
Georgetown  Univ.  Med.  School,  1907-8;  Med.  and  Surg.  Associate, 
Emergency  Hospital,  1907-8  ;  now  Superintendent  Emergency  Hosp. 
Member  A.  M.  A.;   Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;    Internat.  Congress  Tuberculosis. 

837.  ROBERT  CONRAD  RUEDY— Born  July  12,  1S76,  Lenawee  Co., 
Mich.     M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian. 

838.  SENECA  BRAY  BAIN— Born  Feb.  10,  1S74,  Gatesville,  Texas. 
D.  D.  S.,  1898  ;  M.  D.,  1899,  National  Univ.,  D.  C.  Son  of  Seneca  Mc- 
Neill and  Annie  M.  Bain.  Educated  at  Willis  College  and  High  School, 
Willis,  Texas,  and  Trinity  (Texas)  Normal  School.  Taught  one  year  in 
public  school,  Texas.  For  ten  years  in  employ  of  U.  S.  Govt.  1899- 
1905,  Special  Agent,  Dept.  Labor.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C.  ;  A.  M. 
A.  ;  Amer.  Electro-Therapeut.  Assn.  ;  Honorary  member  National  Cap- 
ital Dental  Assn.  Sept.  20,  1900,  married  Rosalind  Moore,  of  Washing- 
ton.    See  Amer.  Biog,  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

839.  JOHN  WALTER  HODGES— Born  Dec.  8,  1856,  Baltimore,  Md. 
M.  D.,  1892,  Baltimore  Med.  College.  Educated  in  Baltimore  public 
schools.     In  drug  business,  Annapolis,  Md.,  1885-91,  and  in  Washington, 


I 


388  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

1891-1905,  since  which  has  practiced  medicine  in  Washington.  Pres- 
ident, 1888,  Maryland  Pharm.  Assn.;  1889-90,  President,  Business  Men's 
Assn.,  Annapolis.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A.  M.  A.  Oct.  28,  1880, 
married   Rosella  Burgess.     See  Amer.   Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

SlO.  RICHARD  MITCHEL  UTTLE— Born  Sept.  9,  1877,  Mercer, 
Pa.     M.  D.,  1902,  Columbian. 

841.  SAMUEL  LOGAN  OWENS— Born  Jan.  14,  1879,  Washington, 
La.     M.  D.,  1903,  Georgetown. 

842.  THOMAS  F.  LOWE— M.  D.,  1902,  Georgetown. 

843.  GEORGE  MENDENHALL  RUFFIN— Born  Sept.  12,  1876, 
Wilson,  N.  C.  Brother  of  Dr.  Sterling  RufEn,  supra.  M.  D.,  1902,  Col- 
umbian. 

S44.  ROY  DELAPLAINE  ADAMS— Born  Oct.  26,  1881,  Circleville, 
Ohio.  M.  D.,  1904,  Georgetown.  Resident  Physician,  Georgetown  Univ. 
Hosp.,  1904-5  ;  Lecturer  on  Embryology,  Georgetown  Med.  School  ;  in 
Surgical  Service,  Georgetown  Univ.  Hosp. 

845.  ARTHUR  CASE  FITCH— Born  April  7,  1867,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 
Phar.  D.,  1893,  National  College  Pharmacy,  D.  C;  M.  D.,  1903,  Colum- 
bian.    Assistant  Physician,  Govt.  Hospital  Insane,  D.  C. 

846.  J.  LAWN  THOMPSON— Born  Oct.  16,  1874,  D.  C.  Son  of  Dr. 
Benedict  Thompson,  supra.     M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian. 

847.  LOUIS  CHARLES  LEHR— Born  Feb.  17,  1876,  Baltimore,  Md. 
A.  B.,  1898;  M.  D.,  1902,  Johns  Hopkins. 

OCTOBER  3,  1906 

848.  ADAM  KEMBLE— Born  Nov.  11,  1878,  Tower  City,  Pa.  Phar. 
D.,  1901,  National  College  Pharmacy,  D.  C;  M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian. 

S49.  FREDERICK  YATES— Born  Dec.  21,  1878,  Manchester,  Eng- 
land. LL.  M.,  1903,  National  Univ.,  D.  C;  M.  D.,  1902,  Howard;  1904, 
Columbian. 

850.  EDWIN  BERNHARD  BEHREND— Born  Sept.  2,  1871,  D.  C. 
Son  of  Dr.  A.  Behrend,  supra.  A.  B.,  1892,  Johns  Hopkins;  M.  D.,  1894, 
Georgetown. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  389 

851.  WALTER  WATKINS  WILKINSON— Born  Sept.  10,  1876,  Hal- 
ifax Co.,  Va.  M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian.  Resident  Physician,  1905-6, 
Garfield  Hospital,  D.  C. ;  Asst.  Pathologist,  Garfield,  1906;  Instructor  in 
Physical  Diagnosis,  George  Washington  University,  1907.  Member  G. 
\\\  U.  Med.  Society. 

852.  GEORGE  H.  HEITMULLER— Born  Nov.  15,  1869,  Arkenberg, 
Hanover,  Germany,  during  a  temporary  residence  abroad  of  his  parents, 
Anton  C.  T.  and  Henrietta  Horstkamp  Heitmuller.  Attended  Columbian 
Preparatory  School,  1884-7,  Columbian  College  and  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity. A.  B.,  1891,  Johns  Hopkins;  M.  D.,  1894,  Univ.  Penna.  Served 
some  time  in  Roxborough  Hospital,  then  returned  to  Washington  and 
began  practice.  In  1895  attended  Univ.  Berlin,  and  clinics.  Royal  Lon- 
don Ophthalmic  Hospital;  Clinical  Assistant  to  Messrs.  Treacher  Collins 
and  Quarry  Sillcock  over  a  year.  In  1897,  married  Alice  Florence, 
daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Medhurst  Pelham,  of  Sussex,  England.  Is 
Clinical  Assistant,  Eye  Clinic,  Casualty  Hospital  ;  Medical  Inspector, 
Public  Schools,  and  Secretary,  Wash.  Med.  and  Surg.  Society. 

853.  LAWRENCE  MAXWELL  HYNSON— Born  Feb.  6,  1879,  Still 
Pond,  Kent  Co.,  Md.  M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian.  Son  of  Nathaniel 
Thornton  and  Lucy  Weston  Tiffey  Hynson.  Educated  in  public  schools, 
Maryland  and  Washington.  Was  five  years  Assistant  Secretary,  Na- 
tional Geographic  Society.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  G.  W.  Univ. 
Med.  Society  ;  Hippocrates  Society.  Unmarried.  See  Amer.  Biog. 
Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

854.  WILLIAM  BEVERLY  MASON— Born  July  26,  1874,  Marshall, 
Va.     M.  D.,  1899,  Med.  College  Virginia. 

855.  CHARLES  WILBUR  HYDE— Born  Dec.  30,  1877,  Sullivan, 
Ohio.     M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian. 

856.  WALTER  ASHBY  FRANKLAND— Born  Dec.  10,  1867,  Balti- 
more, Md.     M.  D.,  1896,  Columbian. 

857.  JOHN  DONALDSON  MURRAY— Born  Oct.  3,  1866,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.  Son  of  ex-Surgeon  General,  U.  S.  A.,  Robert  Murray.  M. 
D.,  1899,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  N.Y.  At  present  attending  Univ.  Edin- 
burgh. 

858.  EMMA  LOOTZ  ERVING— Born  Sept.  26,  1875,  Boston,  Mass. 
A.  B.,  1897,  Smith;  M.  D.,  1902,  Johns  Hopkins.  Wife  of  Dr.  W.  G. 
Erving,  supra. 


39° 


MEDICAL    SOCIETY 


859.  HENRY  CLAY  COBURN,  Jr.— Born  Aug.  5,  1878,  D.  C.  B. 
S.,  1900;  M.  D.,  1903,  Columbian.  Resigned  Oct.  14,  1908.  Asst.  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A. 

860.  FRANCIS  EDWARD  HARRINGTON— Born  June  19,  1879, 
Norfolk,  Va.  B.  S.,  Gonzaga,  1907;  M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian.  Med.  In- 
spector, Health  Dept.,  D.  C.  Married,  Jan.  9,  1908,  Maye  L.,  daughter 
of  Dr.  L.  Eliot,  supra. 

861.  ARTHUR  LE  ROY  HUNT— Born  Jan.  7,  1877,  Lewiston,  Me. 
A.  B.,  1898,  Bowdoin;  M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian.  Med.  Inspector,  Health 
Dept.,  D.  C. 

862.  CARLISLE  P,  KNIGHT— M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian.  Dropped 
from  membership  Jan.  27,  1909.  Appointed  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  P.  H. 
and  M.  H.  S.,  in  Nov.,  1908,  for  duty  at  Kobe,  Japan. 

863.  CHARLES  L.  WATERS— M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian. 

APRIL  3,  1007 

864.  DANIEL  THOMAS  BIRTWELL— Born  May  24,  1874,  Chester, 
Pa.     M.  D.,  1900,  Columbian. 

865.  JOHN  SHERIDAN  ARNOLD— Born  Dec.  4,  1865,  Port  Trevos- 
ton.  Pa.  M.  D.,  1896,  Coll.  Phys.  and'  Surg.,  Baltimore.  Medical  In- 
spector, Public  Schools,  Washington.  Member  Med.  Assn.  D.  C;  A. 
M.  A. 

866.  RICHARD  LLOYD  COOK— Son  of  Dr.  G.  Wythe  Cook,  supra. 
Born  in  Washington,  Nov.  5,  1878.  Educated  at  Friends'  Select  School, 
at  the  University  School,  by  private  tutor,  and  at  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia. M.  D.,  1904,  Univ.  Virginia.  On  House  Staff  at  Garfield  Me- 
morial Hospital;  afterward  took  special  study  in  Obstetrics,  at  New  York 
Lying-in  Hospital.  Was  Resident  Physician  at  Wills  Mountain  Sana- 
torium. 

867.  VIRGINIUS  DABNEY— Born  Feb.  2,  1878,  Loudoun  Co.,  Va. 
M.  D.,  1902,  Univ.  Virginia.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  Navy.  Now 
practicing  in  Washington. 

868.  WILLIAM  ROBERT  PERKINS— Born  May  17,  1876,  Chester- 
town,  Md.  M.  D.,  1901,  Columbian;  Phar.  D.,  1897,  National  Coll.  Phar- 
macy, D.  C.  Resident  Physician,  1903,  Emergency  Hospital,  D.  C; 
House  Surgeon,  1904,  Lying-in  Hosp.,  New  York  City;  Interne,  Willard 
Parker  and  Reception  Hospital,  1905. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  39 1 

869.  PAUL  BOWEN  ALDEN  JOHNSON— Born  March  23,  1878,  D. 
C.     B.  A.,  1901,  Yale;  M.  D.,  1905,  Georgetown.     Resigned  July  5,  1909. 

870.  JOSEPH  ALEXANDER  MURPHY— Born  Nov.  23,  1878,  D.  C. 
M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian. 

871.  HENRY  PICKERING  PARKER— Born  June  24,  1875,  Annapo- 
lis, Md.  A.  B.,  1896;  M.  D.,  1901,  Johns  Hopkins.  Prof.  Practice  of 
Medicine,  Howard  Med.  School. 

872.  JOSIAH  HUTTON  HOLLAND— Born  May  6,  1880,  D.  C.  Phar. 
D.,  1901,  National  Coll.  Pharmacy,  D.  C;  M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian. 

873.  EDGAR  SNOWDEN— Born  April  2,  1880,  Alexandria,  Va.  M. 
D.,  1903,  Columbian. 

874.  WILLIAM  HOUSTON  LITTLEPAGE— Born  March  21,  1879, 
Washington,  Ark.  M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian.  Q.  M.  Sergt.,  ist  D.  C. 
Vols. 

875.  RAYMOND  ADAMS  FISHER— Born  Jan.  6,  1883,  D.  C.  M. 
D.,  1905,  Columbian. 

876.  THOMAS  MADDEN  FOLEY— Born  Dec.  14,  1876,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.     M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian. 

877.  JOHN  WATSON  SHAW— Born  Jan.  31,  1866,  Lewistown,  Pa. 
M.  D.,  1890,  Univ.  Penna.  Resident  Physician,  1890-1,  St.  Joseph's  Hos- 
pital, Philadelphia. 

878.  PRENTISS  WILLSON— Born  Aug.  2,  1882,  Fredonia,  N.  Y. 
M.  D.,  1905,  Georgetown.  Resident  Physician,  Georgetown  Univ.  Hosp., 
1905-6;  Anesthetist  at  same;  Asst.  to  Chair  Obstetrics,  Georgetown  Med. 
School;  Physician  to  Home  for  the  Blind. 

879.  WILLIAM  F.  WAGNER— Born  Jan.  25,  1865,  Hartleton,  Pa. 
Ph.  G.,  1886,  Philadelphia  Coll.  Pharmacy;  M.  D.,  1890,  Univ.  Penna. 

880.  JOSEPH  J.  KAVENEY— Born,  1880.  M.  D.,  1904,  Georgetown. 
Educated  at  High  Schools  and  St.  Dunstan's  College,  Canada.  Hospital 
service  at  Naval  Hospital  and  N.  Y.  Lying-in  Hospital.  Asst.  to  Surgi- 
cal Clinic,  Emergency  Hospital,  Washington. 

881.  CHARLES  WALKER  ALLEN— M.  D.,  1902,  Jefferson. 


392  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

882.  WILLIAM  GLENN  YOUNG— Born  Dec.  i,  1878,  Trion,  Ga. 
M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian. 

883.  WILLIAM  EARL  CLARK— Born  Sept.  16,  1879,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.     M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian. 

OCTOBER  2.  1907 

884.  JOHN  ALLAN  TALBOTT— Born  May  27,  1882,  Forest  Glen, 
Md.  M,  D.,  1905,  Columbian.  Physician,  Out-patient  Dept.,  Providence 
Hospital,  and  Resident  Physician,  same  hospital,  1905-7, 

885.  EMMA  COREY  STARR— Born  Aug.  19,  1876,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1904,  Howard.  Resident  Physician,  1904-6,  Navajo  Indian  Hospital, 
Nevsr  Mexico  ;  Clinician,  Woman's  Clinic,  Washington.  Married  A.  B. 
Keith. 

886.  WILLIAM  OTWAY  OWEN— Born  July  6,  1854,  Broylesville, 
Tenn,  M.  D.,  1878,  Univ.  Va.  Asst.  Surg.,  1882-98,  Surgeon,  1898-1905, 
U.  S.  A.  Son  of  Robt.  Latham  and  Narcissa  Clarke  Chisholm  Owen.  Edu- 
cated at  Govanstown,  Md.,  1S66-71,  and  Virginia  Mil.  Institute,  1873-5. 
Practiced  medicine,  1878-82,  Lynchburg,  Va.  Resigned  from  the  army 
because  of  disability  incurred  in  line  of  duty.  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
G.  W.  Univ.  Member  Board  of  Incorporators,  Garfield  Memorial  Hos- 
pital, Chairman  Executive  Committee.  Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  A. 
M.  A.;  Cincinnati  Acad.  Medicine, 

887.  WILLIAM  ELWIN  ROGERS— Born  Oct.  2,  1878,  Alexandria, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1904,  Georgetown.  Died  Nov.  22,  1908.  Resident  Physician, 
Providence  Hospital,  1904  to  1906;  afterwards  connected  with  X-ray  De- 
partment, Georgetown  Univ.  and  Casualty  Hospitals,  and  with  Dispen- 
sary at  Providence  Hospital.  See  Minutes  Med.  Society,  Dec.  16,  1908, 
and  Jan.  27,  1909;  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  1909,  VIII,  p.  72. 

888.  DORSEY  MAHON  McPHERSON— Born  May  24,  1857,  Balti- 
more, Md.  M.  D.,  1877,  Howard  ;  1884,  Columbian.  Acting  Asst.  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  October,  1878,  to  November,  1883.  Medical  Examiner, 
U.  S.  Bureau  Pensions  and  Board  Pension  Appeals  since  October,  1890, 
Member  Assn.  Acting  Asst.  Surgeons,  U.  S.  A.  Married.  See  Lamb's 
History,  p.  196. 

889.  CHARLES  L.  BILLARD— Born  May  13,  1878,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1904,  Univ.  Penna.  Resident  Physician,  1904-5,  Allegheny  General 
Hospital,  Pa.;  Asst,  Physician,  Episcopal  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital 
and  Lutheran  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Infirmary,  Washington. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  393 

Si90.  H.  H.  KERR— M.  D.,  1904,  McGill.  vSon  of  Dr.  James  Kerr, 
supra.  In  Dispensary  Service,  Providence  Hospital ;  Instructor  in  Clin. 
Surg.,  Howard  Med.  School. 

891.  GLENN  I.  JONES— M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian. 

892.  GRAFTON  D.  P.  BAILEY— M.  D.,  1896,  National  Univ.,  D.  C. 

893.  SETH  EASTMAN  MOORE— Born  Oct.  6,  1875,  D.  C.  M.  D., 
1898,  Univ.  Penna.  Married,  1902,  Elizabeth  E.  Smith.  Served  three 
years  at  Prot.  Epis.  Hosp.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  some  time  at  Agnew  Sani- 
tarium, Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 

APRIL    1,  1908 

894.  LYMAN  FREDERICK  KEBLER— Born  June  8,  1863,  Lodi, 
Mich.  Ph.  C,  1890;  B.  S.,  1891;  M.  S.,  1892,  Univ.  Mich.;  M.  D.,  1906, 
Columbian.  Educated  in  parochial  and  public  schools.  Took  courses, 
especially  in  chemistry,  at  Jefferson  College  and  Temple  College,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  1892-1902.  Was  Chief  Chemist,  Pharmaceutical  Manufac- 
turing Company,  Philadelphia.  Taught  Chemistry  in  Iowa  Agricult_ 
College,  1888-99;  Instructor  in  Chemistry,  1901-2,  Univ.  Mich.  Member 
of  Jury  of  Awards,  National  Export  Exposition,  1898,  Philadelphia; 
Amer.  Chem.  Society;  Society  Chem.  Industry;  Amer.  Pharm.  Assn.; 
Franklin    Institute  ;  National  College  of   Pharmacy.     President  Chem. 

•Section,  Franklin  Institute,  1902;  Chairman,  1902,  Scientific  Section, 
Amer.  Pharm.  Assn.;  now  Chief  of  Division  of  Drugs,  Bureau  of  Chemis- 
try, U.  S.  Dept.  Agriculture,  Married,  1893,  Miss  Ida  E.  Shaw,  of  Ypsi- 
lanti,  Mich.     See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,    Washington,  1908. 

895.  WILLIAM  H.  SYME— M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian. 

896.  JOSEPH  MILTON  HELLER— Born  Jan.  29,  1872,  Staunton, 
Va.  M.  D.,  1896,  Georgetown.  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.;  Major  and 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  Vols,  Son  of  Joseph  and  Pauline  Frank  Heller.  Edu- 
cated at  public  schools  and  Fisher's  Academy,  Washington.  Post-graduate 
course.  N.  Y.  Polyclinic,  Asst.  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Georgetown 
Med.  School ;  Clinical  Asst.,  Emergency  Hospital  and  Garfield  Hospital 
Dispensary ;  Resident  Physician,  1896-7,  Garfield  Hospital.  Served, 
1898-1902,  in  War  with  Spain,  largely  in  the  Philippines.  Was  in  charge 
of  the  Manila  water  supply  during  the  cholera  epidemic,  1902.  Officer 
of  Military  Order  of  Carabao;  Past  Commander,  Henry  W.  Lawton  Camp, 
United  Spanish  War  Veterans  ;   Officer,  Military  Order  of  Foreign  Wars. 


394  MEDICAI.     SOCIETY 

Member  Assn.  Military  Surgeons,  United  States;  Medical  Assn.,  D.  C; 
Medical  Society,  Georgetown  University.  See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct., 
Washington,  1908  ;  Georgetown  University,  II,  p.  285. 

897.  EDWARD  MASON  PARKER— Born  June  27,  i860,  Middlebury, 
Vt.  A.  M.,  1881,  Middlebury  College;  M.  D.,  1884,  Univ.  City  N.  Y. 
Practiced  at  Brockton,  Mass.,  1884-5;  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  1886-90; 
Asst.  Resident  Surgeon,  1891-4,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital.  Has  practiced 
in  Washington  since  1894.  Associate  Surgeon,  Emergency  Hospital, 
1894-6 ;  Bacteriologist,  Providence  Hospital,  1894-1908;  Surgeon  to  same 
since  1908;  Acting  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1898,  at  Montauk  Point,  L.  I. 

898.  JOHN  WESLEY  SUTHERIN— Born  June  27,  1869,  East  Pales- 
tine, Ohio.  M.  D.,  1902,  Howard.  Graduated  from  East  Palestine 
High  School,  1887.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  264. 

899.  HURON  WILLIS  LAWSON— Born  March  15,  1873,  Disco, 
Mich.  B.  S.,  1895,  Mich.  Agricultural  College;  M.  D.,  1903;  M.  S.,  1904, 
Columbian.  Son  of  James  S.  and  Paulina  T.  Cannon  Lawson.  Supt. 
Public  Schools,  Lawton,  Mich.,  1896-7;  Principal  of  High  School,  Illi- 
nois, 1898;  1898-1908,  Associate  Editor,  Experimental  Station  Record,  U. 
S.  Dept.  Agriculture;  1905  to  date,  Associate  Prof.  Bacteriology  and 
Pathology,  G.  W.  U.  Med.  School;  Resident  Physician,  1907-8,  Columbia 
Hospital.     See  Amer.  Biog.  Direct.,  Washington,  1908. 

900.  NELSON    DU    VAL    BRECHT— Born  Jan.  10,  1885,  D.  C.     M. 
D.,   1906,   Columbian;    Graduate  Washington   High  School;    sometime  - 
Anatomist,  Army  Med.  Museum;    member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;    A.  M.  A.; 
Therapeutic  Society,  Washington. 

901.  STANTON  WREN  HOWARD— Born  May  2,  1880,  Wheeling, 
W.  Va.  A.  B.,  1899,  Mt.  St.  Joseph's  College,  Baltimore,  Md.  ;  M.  D., 
1903,  Georgetown.  Externe,  Children's  Hosp.,  1902-3;  Foundling  Hosp., 
1903  ;  Providence  Hosp.,  1903-5  ;  Kingston  Hosp.,  N.  Y.,  1905-6.  Asst. 
Dem.  Pathology  and  Bacteriology,  Georgetown  Med.  School. 

902.  ELWIN  C.  SCHNEIDER— M.  D.,  Georgetown,  1905. 

903.  HAMILTON  K.  WRIGHT— M.  D.,  1875,  McGill. 

904.  EDMUND  T.  M.  FRANKLIN— M.  D.,  Columbian,  1905. 

905.  GRANT  S.  BARNHART— M.  D.,  Columbian,  1904. 

906.  HARRY  M.  KAUFMANN— M.  D.,  1901,  Johns  Hopkins. 


DISTRICT     OF     COI^UMBIA  395 

907.  JAMES  A.  GANNON— Born  March  8,  1884,  New  York  City. 
Educated,  Georgetown  College.  M.  D.,  1906,  Georgetown.  Clinical 
Assistant,  Diseases  of  Children,  Georgetown  Univ.  Hospital  ;  Clinical 
Assistant,  Surgery,  Casualty  Hospital ;  Surgeon  to  Great  Falls  and  Old 
Dominion  R,  R.  ;  Attending  Physician,  Deer  Park  Hotel  ;  Interne, 
Casualty  Hospital,  1903-6  ;  Resident  Physician,  Georgetown  Univ.  Hos- 
pital, 1906-7;  Lecturer  on  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Georgetown  Train- 
ing School  for  Nurses.  Married,  April  14,  1909,  Miss  Mildred  Lambert, 
of  Washington. 

OCTOBER  1,  1908 

908.  JULIAN  M.  CABELL— Born  Dec.  21,  i860,  Richmond,  Va. 
M.  D.,  1885,  Univ.  Va.  Educated  in  private  schools,  Richmond  College 
and  Univ.  Va.  Appointed  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  April  14,  1887;  served 
in  the  field  in  South  Dakota  through  the  Sioux  campaign,  1890-1  ;  ap- 
pointed Asst.  Prof.  Army  Med.  School  when  it  was  organized.  Retired 
for  disability  in  1897,  and  began  private  practice  in  New  York  City,  1897-8. 
In  1898,  was  Asst.  to  Chief  Surgeon,  8th  Army  Corps,  in  Philippines  ; 
appointed  Brigade  vSurgeon  March,  1899  ;  was  Medical  Superintendent, 
Columbia  Hospital,  Washington,  1899  to  1904.  In  South  Africa  in  Boer 
War,  1 899-1 900,  Chief  Surgeon,  Hospital  Corps. 

909.  MEAD  MOORE— M.  D.,  Columbian,  1906. 

910.  MARY  O'MALLEY— Born  in  Medina,  N.  Y.  M.  D.,  1897,  Ni- 
agara Univ.  Attended  Normal  School  at  Brockport  and  High  School  at 
Medina.  Served  one  year  as  Interne,  Buffalo  Hospital.  In  October, 
1898,  appointed  Asst.  Phys.,  Binghamton  State  Hosp.  for  Insane,  N.  Y. 
In  September,  1905,  Asst.  Phys.,  Govt.  Hosp.  Insane,  Washington. 

911.  JOHN  R.  BUCK— M.  D.,  1904,  Columbian. 

912.  CARL  HENNING— M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian. 

913.  MOSES  HUBBARD  DARNALL— Born  in  Weston,  Collin  Co., 
Texas,  Sept.  6,  1882.  Educated  at  Collin  Co.  Public  School;  Grayson 
College,  Texas,  and  Kentucky  University.  M.  D.,  1907,  Columbian. 
Interne,  Government  Hospital  Insane,  Aug.  i,  1907,  to  February,  1908. 
Began  to  practice  in  Washington,  Feb.  i,  1908. 

914.  HOWARD  HUME— M.  D.,  1905,  Univ.  Virginia. 

915.  JOSEPH  JAMES  KINYOUN— Born  Nov.  25,  i860.  North  Caro- 
lina. M.  D.,  1882,  Bellevue;  Ph.  D.,  1894,  Georgetown,  Son  of  Dr.  J.  H. 
and  Bettie  A.  Conrad  Kinyoun  of  Centre  View,  Mo.     Was  Prof.  Hygiene 


396  MEDICAL     SOCIKTY 

and  Bacteriology,  1890-2  ;  Pathology  and  Bacteriology,  1S92-99,  George- 
town Med.  School.  Sometime  Passed  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S.  Fellow 
A.  A,  A.  S.  ;  Member  Assn.  Pathologists  and  Bacteriologists;  Assn, 
Amer.  Physicians  ;  Prof.  Pathology,  G.  W.  U.  Med.  College.  See  Amer. 
Men  of  Science,  1906  ;  Watson's  Biog.,  p.  378. 

*>!(}.  EDWARD  HOMER  EGBERT— Born  South  Bend,  Ind.,  Mays, 
1881.  Attended  grammar  schools,  Chicago,  111.,  and  Central  High  School, 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  1896-1900;  Dartmouth  College,  1900-1  ;  Dartmouth 
Medical  School,  1901-3;  M.  D.,  Baltimore  Med.  College,  1905;  Externe, 
Mary  Hitchcock  Hospital,  Hanover,  N.  H.,  1902-3;  Surgical  Externe,  St. 
Vincent's  Charity  Hospital,  Cleveland,  Summer,  1902;  Externe,  Surgical 
and  Genito-urinary  Service,  Lakeside  Hospital,  Cleveland,  Summer,  1903; 
Resident  Physician,  Sibley  Hospital,  Washington.  D.  C,  June  to  Octo- 
ber, 1905.  In  general  practice,  Washington,  since  November,  1905. 
Member  Med.  Assn.,  D.  C;  Therapeutic  Society;  Med.  and  Surg.  So- 
ciety, D.  C;  A.  M.  A.;  Lecturer  Nurses'  Training  School,  Sibley  Hosp., 
since  1905;  Associate  Physician,  General  Medicine,  Casualty  Hospital, 
1906-S;  Associate  Physician,  Tuberculosis  Dispensary,  Associated  Chari- 
ties, since  1906. 

APRIL  7,  1909 

917.  WILLIAM  F.  M.  SOWERS— Born  April  22,  1873,  D-  C.  A.  B., 
1896,  Princeton  ;  M.  D.,  1900,  Johns  Hopkins.  Son  of  Dr.  Z.  T.  Sowers, 
supra.  Associate  in  Surgery,  G.  W.  U.  Med.  School  ;  Associate  in  Surg- 
ery, Providence  Hospital  ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Freedmen's  Hospital  ;  In- 
structor, Clinical  Surgery,  Howard  Med.  School. 

918.  GEORGE  J.  NEWGARDEN— Born  June  25,  1864,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  A.  B.,  1880;  A.  M.,  1S85,  Central  High  School,  Philadelphia,  Pa.; 
M.  D.,  1889,  Jefferson.  Interne,  Philadelphia  Hospital  (Blockley),  1890; 
Med.  Examiner,  Pension  Bureau,  Washington,  D.  C,  1S90-1  ;  Asst. 
Demonstrator,  Operative  Surgery,  Jefferson  Med.  College,  and  Clinical 
Assistant,  Medical  Clinics,  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.  Hosp.,  1891-2.  Married, 
April  II,  1891,  Margaret  Woolever,  of  Allentown,  Pa.  First  Lieut.,  Asst. 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  Nov.  4,  1892  ;  Captain,  Nov.  4,  1897  ;  Major  and  Sur- 
geon, Nov.  23,  1905.  Retired,  for  disability  incident  to  service,  April  24, 
1907,  with  rank  of  Major.  Served  in  various  parts  of  the  United  States, 
in  Cuba  during  the  Spanish  War  (established  the  "  Bloody  Ford"  dress- 
ing station  on  San  Juan  River,  Santiago,  Cuba,  July,  1898),  and  in  Phil- 
ippine Islands. 

919.  BERNARD  HOOE  HARRISON— Born  July  4,  1869,  Houston, 
Texas.  Attended  High  School  and  Conyngton  Business  College.  Was 
in  railroad  work  about  three  years.  M.  D.,  1903,  Howard.  Since  then 
has  practiced  in  Washington.     See  Lamb's  History,  p.  246. 


DISTRICT     OF     COI^UMBIA  397 

920.  HENRY  FENNO  SAWTELLE-M.  D.,  1902,  Coll.  Phys.  and 
Surg.,  Chicago.     Deputy  Health  Officer,  Washington,  D.  C. 

921.  WILLIAM  MALCOLM— M.  D.,  1891,  Med.  Coll.  Univ.  City  of 
N.  Y. 

922.  ROBERT  S.  TRIMBLE— M.  D.,  1903,  National  Univ.,  D.  C. 

923.  WILLIAM  CABELL  MOORE— M.  D.,  1902,  Univ.  Virginia. 

924.  MARTHA  MARIA  BREWER  LYON— Born  March  31,  1871, 
Peabody,  Mass.  Educated  in  Washington  Public  and  Normal  Schools. 
B.  S.,  1900;  M.  S.,  1901,  Columbian  Univ.;  M.  D.,  1907,  Howard.  Clin- 
ical .Assistant  in  Ophthalmology,  Howard  Univ.  Med.  School,  1908-9. 
Married,  Dec.  31,  1902,  Dr.  Marcus  Ward  Lyon,  Jr.  Teacher  in  Wash- 
ington Public  Schools,  1890-1902. 

925.  WILLIAM  CLINE  BORDEN— Born  May  19,  1858,  Watertown, 
N.  Y.  M.  D.,  Columbian,  1883.  Son  of  Daniel  J.  and  Mary  L.  Cline 
Borden.  Descendant  of  the  Bordens  who  came  from  England  in  1635 
and  settled  in  Providence  Plantations,  R.  I.,  and  of  Jean  of  Bourdounay, 
of  Normandy,  who  was  with  William  the  Conqueror,  in  the  invasion  of 
England.  Educated  in  public  schools,  Adams  Collegiate  Institute,  Ad- 
ams, N.  Y.  Appointed  Asst.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  in  1883  ;  Captain,  1888; 
Brigade  Surgeon  and  Major,  1898,  in  Spanish-American  War ;  Major 
and  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1901.  Was  in  command  of  Army  General  Hos- 
pital, Key  West,  Florida ;  also  commanded  steamer  transport  hospital  ; 
Prof.  Military  Surgery,  Army  Med.  School;  Prof.  Surgical  Pathology 
and  Military  Surger}',  Georgetown  Med.  School.  Member  A.  M.  A.; 
Assn.  Military  Surgeons  ;  Fellow  Micros.  Society,  England.  Dean  Med. 
Dept.,  G.  W.  Univ.  Married,  Oct.  23,  1883,  Jennie  E.  Adams.  Author 
of  Photomicrographs,  Columbus,  Ohio,  1888-1891;  Use  of  Roentgen  rays 
by  Med.  Dept.,  U.  S.  A.,  in  War  with  Spain,  Washington,  1900  and  1902; 
Essay  on  Military  Surgery,  Washington,  1905.  See  Georgetown  Univer- 
sity, II,  p.  108. 

92(>.  WILLIAM  B.  CARR— M.  D.,  1907,  Columbian.  Son  of  Dr.  W. 
P.  Carr,  supra. 

927.  T.  J.  SULLIVAN— M.  D.,  1904,  Georgetown. 

928.  WILLIAM  J.  FRENCH— M.  D.,  1905,  Columbian. 

929.  RALPH  A.  HAMILTON— M.  D.,  1904,  Georgetown.  Son  of 
Dr.  J.  B.  Hamilton,  supra. 


398  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

The  following  changes  in  and  additions  to  the  above 
sketches  should  be  made  : 

No.  81.  J.  E.  Morgan — The  vSt.  John's  College  named  was  at  Freder- 
ick, Md.;  from  it  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1850. 

No.  102.  S.  W.  Everett — Was  Demonstrator,  not  Professor,  of  An- 
atomy. 

No.  153.  W.  H.  Taylor — Was  a  member,  but  not  President,  of  Med. 
Assn.,  D.  C. 

No.  229.  W.  J.  Craigen — Died  July  17,  1909. 

No.  315.  C.  W.  Franzoni — Add:  member  A.  M.  A.  since  1872,  and 
Biological  Society,  Washington,  for  twenty-five  years. 

No.  338.  J.  T.  SOTHORON— Feb.  28  should  be  Sept.  28. 

No.  373.  S.  S.  Adams — Add:  President,  Amer.  Pediatric  Society,  1897, 
its  Secretary  since  1891.  Educated  in  public  schools  of  Washington  and 
private  schools,  Alexandria  Co.,  Va.  Studied  medicine  with  Dr.  S.  C. 
Busey,  supra.  Has  been  connected  with  Children's  Hospital  since  1876. 
Lecturer  on  Diseases  Children,  Georgetown  Med.  School,  1879-83  ;  Prof. 
Theory  and  Practice  Medicine,  National  Univ.,  1883-94;  Clinical  Prof. 
Diseases  of  Children,  Columbian  Univ.  Med.  College,  1893-6  ;  Prof.  Dis- 
eases Children,  Georgetown  Med.  School,  1896-8  (Georgetown  was  the 
second  college  in  United  States  to  establish  a  Professorship  of  Pediatrics, 
Harvard  being  the  first);  Prof.  Theory  and  Practice  Medicine  and  Dis- 
eases Children  since  1898;  Attending  Physician,  Wash.  Home  for  In- 
curables; sometime  Consulting  Physician,  Sibley  Hospital,  and  President 
of  Staff;  Attending  Physician,  Children's  Hospital,  Secretary  of  Board  of 
Directors.  Chairman  Committee  Arrangements,  First  Pan-Amer.  Med. 
Congress,  1893;  Chairman  Committee  Arrangements,  Third,  Fourth  and 
Fifth  Cong.  Amer,  Phys.  and  Surg.;  First  Vice  Pres.  Section  Diseases 
Children,  Tuberculosis  Congress,  1908;  President  two  years,  Wash.  Ob- 
stet.  and  Gynecol.  Society  ;  member  Assn.  Study  Tuberculosis.  Author, 
Diet  after  weaning,  Keating's  Cyclop.  Diseases  Children. 

No.  450.  E.  L.  Morgan— President,  1899.  Med.  and  Surg.  Society, 
D.  C;  an  incorporator,  but  not  President,  Library  Association,  D.  C. 

No.  566.  P.  C.  Hunt — The  figures  1894-8  are  incorrect  ;  the  hospital 
was  not  then  in  existence.     Dr.  Hunt  served  several  years. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  399 

No.  600.  N.  B.  Morton — Died  July  ig,  1909,  lyong  Beach,  Cal. 

No.  613.  W.  M.  Barton — Is  now  Prof.  Materia  Medica,  Georgetown 
Med.  School. 

No.  747.  J.  S.  WaIvI.— Is  Prof.  Physiology,  Georgetown  Med.  School. 

No.  788.  B.  R.  Slaughter  (Morton) — Is  Chairman  (National)  Pub- 
lic Health  Education  Committee. 

It  will  be  observed  that  many  of  the  foregoing  personal 
sketches  are  very  brief ;  this  brevity,  for  many  reasons,  is 
much  to  be  regretted.  It  is  due,  however,  to  the  Committee 
on  History,  to  state  that  abundant  opportunity  was  given  to 
the  members  of  the  Society  to  furnish  the  desired  data  or 
themselves  to  write  up  their  own  sketches.  A  preliminary 
circular,  under  date  February  7,  1906,  was  sent  to  each 
member  at  that  time,  as  also  a  blank  form  to  be  filled  out 
and  returned  to  the  committee.  From  time  to  time,  also,  a 
notice  appeared  in  the  journal  of  the  Society,  the  Wash- 
ington Medical  Annals,  reminding  members  of  the 
necessity  of  sending  their  sketches  and  photographs  for  the 
use  of  the  committee,  and  indicating  the  scope  and  charac- 
ter of  the  desired  information.*  More  than  three  years 
elapsed,  and  as  the  time  for  publication  approached,  these 
reminders  were  made  more  urgent,  and  members  of  the 
committee  took  the  trouble  to  personally  urge  the  subject 
on  the  attention  of  the  procrastinating  ones.  The  number 
of  sketches  actually  furnished  to  the  committee  was  few  ; 
but,  fortunately,  many  others  were  obtained  from  the  bio- 
graphical works  named  above  on  pages  210  and  211. 

It  should  be  understood  that  in  the  original  sketches  as 
furnished,  and  especially  in  those  obtained  from  the  books 

*  See  Wash.  Med.  Annals,  March,  1906,  p.  63  ;  May,  p.  128 ;  July,  p.  187  ;  September, 
p.  221;  November,  p.  309;  January,  1907,  p.  413;  March,  pp.  61-62;  May,  p.  173;  July, 
p.  248  ;  September,  p.  324;  March,  1908,  p.  129;  May,  p.  190;  July,  p.  292;  September,  p. 
324  ;  November,  p.  395  ;  March,  1909,  p.  80  ;  May,  p.  146  ;  July,  p.  218. 


400  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

mentioned,  there  were  more  or  less  errors  of  fact ;  and  to 
these  others  were  inevitably  added  in  the  transcription. 
vSome  of  these  errors  were  eliminated  in  the  reading  of  the 
proof,  which  was  done  by  at  least  eight  persons  (the  com- 
mittee and  Drs.  S.  S.  Adams,  J.  D.  Morgan  and  G.  L.  Ma- 
gruder)  besides  the  printer ;  what  errors  remain  may  be 
regarded  as  practically  unavoidable  and  the  percentage  is 
doubtless  small. 

It  seemed  desirable  that  some  facts  brought  out  by  an 
analysis  of  the  sketches  should  be  presented  in  a  synop- 
tical form ;  as,  where  members  were  born,  where  they 
graduated  in  medicine,  where  their  non-medical  education 
was  obtained  and  who  of  them  served  in  the  military,  na- 
val or  marine  hospital  services.  As  to  the  place  of  birth, 
the  information  is  nearly  complete  and  probably  is  approx- 
imately correct,  although  in  a  few  cases  a  member  in  sep- 
arate communications  gave  different  dates  of  birth,  or 
different  places  (sometimes  far  apart),  and  these  discrepan- 
cies had  to  be  corrected.  As  to  the  college  of  graduation 
in  medicine,  the  information  is  more  complete  and  prob- 
ably correct,  or  nearly  so.  The  table  showing  army,  navy 
and  marine  hospital  service  is  also  in  all  probability  nearly 
complete  and  correct.  The  list  of  non-medical  educational 
institutions  is  probably  far  from  complete,  but  as  far  as  it 
gfoes  is  of  interest. 


DISTRICT     OF     COXvUMBIA  4OI 


TABLE  I.* 

PLACE    OF    BIRTH. 


Maine.— 34.  85,  136,  142,  241,  319,  419,  44i,  527,  549-  622,  659,  861. 

New  Hampshire.— 78,  174,  177,  303,  312,  409,  443,  465,  597,  618,  677, 
766,  "]"]■],  822,  829. 

Vermont. — 538,  690,  713,  798,  897. 

Massachusetts. — 18,  21,  yj,  107,  109,  117,  140,  175,  197,  199,  208,  259, 
260,  276,  297,  310,  380,  381,  386,  404,  418,  430,  600,  616,  629,  803,  821, 
858,  924. 

Rhode  Island. — 209,  495,  566,  692,  729. 

Connecticut. — 83,  271,  452,  576,  702,  830,  834. 

New  York. — loi,  124,  163,  167,  179,  182,  211,  228,  242,  262,  293,  294,  301, 
314,  324,  348,  349>  398,  408.  421,  438,  460,  493,  503,  508,  512,  523,  537, 
555,  575,  582,  594,  637,  646,  658,  688,  695  to  697,  704,  712>,  792,  810, 
845,  878,  907,  910,  925. 

New  Jersey.— 36,  39,  46,  53,  150,  231,  268,  423,  522,  535,  587,  624,  769. 

PENNSYLVANiA.r-25,  32,  38,  59,  67,  98,  128,  141,  153,  172,  213,  223,  230, 
2.Z2>,  238,  243,  257,  ^(i'].  272,  277,  278,  299,  332,  342,  362,  ZT7,  385,  417, 
433,  434.  447,  457,  458,  491,  525,  556,  573.  589,  593,  608,  627,  630,  666 
to  668,  671,  689,  694,  722,  760,  778,  779,  786,  795,  811,  813,  817,  840, 
848,  864,  865,  876,  877,  879,  883,  918. 

Delaware. — 244,  387. 

Maryland. — i  to  3,  5  to  8,  12,  14  to  17,  20,  22,  24,  27,  29,  31,  42,  43,  45, 
50,  51,  54,  56,  63,  70,  80,  81,  82,  87,  90,  91,  94,  95,  97,  99,  m,  Ii3,  129, 
137,  151,  154,  165,  178,  187,  191,  193,  195,  217,  220,  237,  245,  249,  283, 
313.  317,  320,  Z2T,  zzi,  338,  365,  366,  370,  389,  392,  395,  397,  400,  402, 
405,  414,  425,  445,  453,  461,  468,  476,  484.  486,  499,  506,  511,  518,  524, 
531,  534,  539,  542,  547,  548,  564,  569,  607,  614,  623,  625,  628,  634,  638, 
648,  653,  665,  669,  670,  686,  693,  716,  718,  726,  728,  742,  749,  751,  752, 
763.  775,  780,  790,  800.  814,  832,  836,  839.  847,  853,  856,  868,  871,  884, 
888. 

District  of  Columbia. — 23,  28,  44,  48,  49,  52,  58,  60,  61,  66,  68,  69,  71, 
74,  75,  11,  79.  84,  86,  88,  93,  96,  100,  108,  112,  118  to  120,  122,  123,  125, 
127,  133,  138,  143.  144,  147,  149,  155,  161,  162,  169,  170,  176,  180,  183, 
185,  186,  188,  189,  192,  194,  196,  200  to  202,  206,  210,  212,  214,  219,  221, 
222,  225,  235,  236,  251  to  253,  255,  263,  270,  280,  281,  284  to  289,  296, 
298,  305  to  307,  311,  315,  316,  318,  326,  329  to  331,  334  to  336,  339  to 
341,  343,  344,  346,  347,  357,  358,  368,  372  to  375,  383,  388,  391,  393, 

*  The  figures  in  the  tables  are  the  .serial  numbers  of  the  biographical  sketches. 
26 


402  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

District  of  Columbia. — Continued. 

399.  403,  406,  407,  410  to  412,  415,  416,  420,  422,  426,  428,  432,  435, 
437,  439,  442,  446,  448,  450,  455,  459,  464.  466,  467,  469,  47i,  478,  482, 
48s,  489,  490,  492,  496,  497,  500,  501.  504,  505,  507,  509,  510,  514  to  S16, 
519,  528,  530,  532,  541,  543,  550,  557  to  560,  567.  568,  577  to  579,  584, 
586,  588,  596,  598,  599,  602,  609,  610,  613,  619,  635,  647,  656,  657,  678, 
679,  683  to  685,  687,  700,  703,  705,  706,  710  to  712,  714,  715,  717,  725. 
732  to  735,  739,  741,  743,  744,  747,  756,  757,  759,  761,  jdT,  768,  774,  787» 
789,  791,  794,  796,  797,  802,  804,  823,  825,  826,  833,  835,  846,  850.  859, 
866,  869,  870,  872,  875,  885,  889,  893,  900,  917. 

Virginia. — ^4,  9,  13,  zz,  4°,  41,  47,  65,  92,  103,  105,  106,  116,  121,  130,  131, 
134,  152,  156,  160,  166,  171,  181,  204,  229,  239,  258,  279,  291,  309,  323, 
351,  Zl(i,  361,  364,  367,  371,  376,  379,  384,  390,  401,  427,  429,  431,  436, 
440,  444,  454,  472  to  474,  479,  480,  483,  502,  513,  517,  520,  521,  529.  552 
to  554,  570,  585,  590,  592,  606,  611,  620,  621,  631,  d:^,  639,  644,  649, 
654,  655,  661,  (£2>,  664,  672,  676,  681,  701,  707,  721,  724,  727,  731,  740, 
746,  753,  788,  793,  799,  818  to  820,  824,  831,  851,  854,  860,  867,  873,  887, 
896,  908. 

West  Virginia. — 282,  595,  612,  633,  754,  827,  901. 

North  Carolina. — 164,  234,  254,  275,  451,  488,  545,  565,  602,  650,  (i^z> 
772,  843,  915. 

South  Carolina. — 157,  413,  571,  572,  603,  642,  776. 

Georgia. — 62,  135,  748,  882. 

Alabama. — 808. 

MississipPL — 533,  784,  785,  806. 

Louisiana. — ^494,  782,  841. 

Texas. — 838,  913,  919. 

Kentucky— 132,  145,  173,  250,  378,  481,  698,  815. 

Tennessee. — 266,  359,  709,  886. 

Ohio.— 148,  274,  449,  470,  546,  562,  580,  605,  640,  643,  680,  720,  736  to  738, 
745,  750,  762,  765,  770,  783,  801,  805,  844,  855,  898. 

Indiana.— 300,  2,22,  350,  540,  626,  674,  723,  758,  781,  916. 

Illinois.— 352,  396,  536,  617,  632,  708. 

Michigan. — 292,  498,  526,  812,  837,  894,  899. 

Wisconsin. — 265. 

Missouri. — 218,  226,  462,  477,  816. 

^IiNNEsoTA. — 574,  645. 

Iowa.— 475. 

Kansas. — 682. 

Arkansas. — 382,  874. 

California. — 857. 

Canada. — 264,  463,  771. 

West  Indies. — 36. 

Chili. — 224. 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  4O3 

England.— 55,  102,  190,  205,  207,  248,  290,  295,  302,  z^i,  544,  563.  809, 

849. 
Scotland.— no,  247,  273,  ZZZ,  394,  641. 
Ireland.— 89,  114,  158,  159,  203,  304,  321,  353,  456,  59i- 
France.— 115,  146,  354- 
Germany. — 64,  104,  126,  168,  184,  198,  227,  232,  240,  269,  308,  328,  345, 

424,  581,  615,  652,  699,  807,  828,  852. 
Austria. — 216,  583. 
Italy.— 651,  730. 
Switzerland. — 719. 
Russia. — 72. 
India. — 487. 
Australia. — 561. 


TABLE  II. 

medical  colleges  from  which  graduated,     some  members  graduated 
from  more  than  one  college. 

Maine. 

Medical    Department     Bowdoin     College;     Maine     Medical     School, 
Brunswick. — 142,  264,  303,  319,  527,  659. 
New  Hampshire. 

Medical    Department,    Dartmouth    College,    Hanover. — 233. 
Vermont. 

Castleton  Medical   College ;  Vermont  Academy  of  Medicine ;   Acad- 
emy of  Medical  Science,  Castleton. — 141,  418. 
Medical  Department,   University  of  Vermont,   Burlington. — 369,  407, 
455- 
Massachusetts. 
Harvard  Medical  School,  Boston. — 18,  21,  34,  2>7,  161,  310,  381,  409. 

410,  441,  600,  616. 

Berkshire  Medical  College,  Pittsfield. — 99,  199,  297. 
New  England  Female  Medical  College,  Boston. — 629. 
New  York. 

College    Physicians    and    Surgeons ;    Medical    Department,    Columbia 
University,  New  York  City. — loi,  124,  207,  208,  261,  265,  355,  371, 

411,  554,  594,  597,  610,  675,  702,  704,  716,  768,  828,  857,  897. 
University  City  of  New  York. — 86,  102,  131,   182,  360,  422,  426,  695, 

808,  921. 
Bellevue  Hospital   Medical  College,   New  York  City. — 196,  201,  259, 

293,  223,  359,  374,  492,  495,  612,  637,  796,  831,  915. 
Woman's   Medical   College,   New   York   City. — 599. 
Long   Island   College  Hospital,   Brooklyn.— 198,  320,   491,   554,   786. 


404  MEDICAI.    SOCIETY 

New  York. — Continued. 

Albany  Medical  College,  Albany.— 296,  301,  697. 

Medical  Department,  University  of  Buffalo,  Buffalo. — 294,  580. 

Medical  Department,  Niagara  University,  Buffalo. — 910. 
Pennsylvania. 

Medical  Department,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia. — i, 
4,  6,  8,  14,  16.  24,  25,  27  to  29,  31  to  33,  36,  38  to  40,  44,  47,  52,  62, 
64,  66,  67,  86,  88,  93,  94,  103,  105,  109,  113,  121,  123,  128,  133.  I35> 
136,  144,  150,  155,  164,  179,  190,  200,  202,  217,  219,  223,  226,  229,  242, 
244,  250,  257,  275.  286,  289,  291,  296,  325,  346,  356,  362.  366,  368,  384, 
38s,  387,  416,  428,  435,'  442,  543.  583,  607,  609,  630,  645,  650,  653,  666, 
677,  682,  692,  700,  742,  779,  795,  806,  809,  811,  829,  852,  877,  879,  889, 

893. 

American   Medical   Society,   Philadelphia. — 2. 

Medical  Department,  Pennsylvania  College  (Gettysburg),  Philadel- 
phia.— 92. 

Philadelphia  College  Medicine  and  Surgery. — 215,  247. 

Woman's  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. — 498,  504,  624,  781,  788,  801. 

Medico-Chirurgical   College,    Philadelphia. — 687. 

Jefferson  Medical  College,   Philadelphia. — 59  to  61,  71,  83,   119,   120, 
134,  139,  141.  152,  156,  169,  204,  231,  234,  402,  447,  480,  494,  502,  535, 
550,  619,  621,  627,  668,  754,  762,  881,  918. 
Maryland. 

Medical  Department.  University  of  Maryland,  Baltimore. — 3,  23,  41, 
43.  51,  54,  56,  63,  74,  80,  95,  97,  no,  in,  114,  116,  129,  138,  140,  151, 
187,  191,  210,  218,  225,  232,  245,  249,  295,  344,  364,  365,  376,  389,  392, 
397.  405.  414.  420,  425,  427,  445,  451,  458,  468,  470,  484,  488,  499.  506, 
511,  515,  551,  563,  569,  577,  585.  601,  611,  614,  642,  649,  663,  672,  673, 
686,  701,  726,  737.  752,  763,  827. 

Baltimore  Medical  College. — 643,  655,  769,  839,  916. 

Medical  Department,  Baltimore  University ;  Washington  Medical 
College ;  Washington  University,  Baltimore. — 87,  96,  160,  423,  486, 
533.  772. 

College  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore. — 423,  476,  751,  833,  865, 

Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore. — 525. 

Medical    Department,    Johns    Hopkins    University. — 740,   800,   803   to 
805,  810,  821,  830,  835,  847,  858,  871,  906,  917. 
District  of  Columbia. 

Medical  Department,  Columbian  College  and  University;  National 
Medical  College;  Medical  Department,  George  Washington  Uni- 
versity (see  p.  212).— 7,  46,  48  to  50,  S3,  58,  65,  68  to  71,  75,  77  to 
79,  81;  84,  85,  89,  91,  98,  100,  106  to  108,  112,  115,  117,  118,  122,  125, 
132,  147,  149.  153.  154.  166,  170,  172,  176.  178,  183,  185,  189,  190,  192. 
197,  212,  222,  239,  252,  254,  258,  279,  283,  306,  308,  309,  315.  317,  323^ 


DISTRICT    OF    COI,UMBIA  4O5 

District  of  Columbia.— Continued. 

324,  327,  334,  335,  2,37,  341,  350  to  352,  357,  379,  380,  382,  383,  388, 
393,  404,  408,  415,  417,  421,  430,  432,  433,  435,  436,  439,  442,  446,  448, 
449,  454,  459,  461,  462,  466,  472,  475,  478,  479,  481,  482,  485,  489,  490, 
497.  500,  SOI,  503,  513,  517,  519,  522,  523,  524,  526,  530,  534,  537  to 
539,  541,  549.  553.  557,  559,  560,  565,  568,  570,  571,  576,  582,  587,  602, 
604,  608,  615,  617,  620,  622,  628,  633,  635,  639,  640,  647,  651,  654,  656 
to  658,  661,  665,  676,  678,  681,  684,  685,  693,  696,  703,  705  to  707,  710, 
712  to  7I5>  718,  721,  722,  724,  727,  734,  736,  739,  741,  743  to  745,  748, 
750,  753,  757.  758,  766,  771,  77^  to  778,  782  to  784,  787.  790  to.  794, 
798,  812,  814  to  820,  832,  834,  836,  837,  840,  843,  845,  846,  848,  849, 
851,  853,  855,  856,  859,  860  to  864,  868,  870,  872  to  876,  882  to  884, 
888,  891,  894,  895,  899,  900,  904,  905,  909,  911  to  913,  926,  928. 

Georgetown  Medical  School;  Medical  Department  Georgetown  Uni- 
versity.— 127,  130,  137,  143,  146,  158,  162,  163,  165,  167,  171,  173  to 
175,  '^77,  180,  181,  186,  188,  193  to  195,  206,  209,  213,  214,  220.  221, 
230,  235  to  238,  240,  241,  251,  253,  25s,  256,  259,  260,  262,  263,  266  to 
274,  277,  278,  280  to  282,  284,  285,  287,  288,  290,  292,  298,  300,  304, 
305,  307,  311  to  314,  316,  318,  321,  322,  326,  328  to  2,2,2,  336,  338  to 
340,  342,  343,  345,  347,  348,  349,  353,  354,  358,  363,  370,  372  to  375, 
2,77,  378,  386,  391,  394,  395,  398  to  400,  403,  406,  412,  413,  440,  457, 
460,  464,  467,  469,  471,  477,  496,  505,  507  to  510,  512,  514,  516.  518, 
520,  531.  532,  540,  545,  547,  552,  555.  558,  561.  566,  567.  574,  575,  578. 
579,  586,  589,  590,  591,  596,  598,  609,  613,  623,  626,  631.  634,  638,  646, 
648,  664,  667,  689,  691,  708,  709,  717,  732,  722,,  735.  747,  749,  759  to 
761,  764,  765,  767,  772'  780,  789,  802,  822  to  826,  841,  842,  844,  850, 
869,  878,  880,  887,  896,  901,  902,  907,  925,  927,  929. 

Medical  Department,  Howard  University. — 333,  354,  419,  434,  438, 
443,  453,  457,  465,  536,  546,  556,  562,  618,  625,  641,  669,  679,  683,  688, 
694,  699,  708,  719,  728,  729,  738,  807,  849,  885,  888,  898,  919,  924. 

Medical   Department,   National  University,  D.   C— 437,  528,  529,  544, 
588,  593,  626,  674,  711,  725,  756,  774,  799,  801,  838,  892,  922. 
Virginia. 

Medical  Department,  University  of  Virginia,  Charlottesville. — 82, 
266,  390,  422,  429,  444,  473,  474,  483,  521,  548,  592,  595,  603,  606.  644, 
670,  731,  746,  775,  797,  831,  866,  867,  886,  908,  914,  923. 

Medical    College    of   Virginia,    Richmond;    Richmond    Medical    Col- 
lege.—145,  243,  401,  450,  584,  813,  854. 
South  Carolina. 

University  of  South  Carolina;  Charleston  Medical  College,  Charles- 
ton.—157,   542,   572. 
Louisiana. 

Medical   Department,   Tulane   University,   New   Orleans.— 785. 

New  Orleans  School  of  Medicine. — 355. 


406  medical  society 

Kentucky. 

Medical  Department,  University  of  Louisville. — 86,  431. 

IMedical   Department,   Transylvania   University,   Lexington. — 234. 

Louisville  Medical  College.— 148,  361,  723. 

Hospital    College  of  Medicine,  Louisville. — 698. 
Ohio. 

Cleveland  Medical   College.— 168,  463. 

Medical   Department,   Western   Reserve   University,    Cleveland. — 228. 
276,  470. 

Medical  Department,  Wooster  University;  Charity  Hospital  ^Medical 
College,  Cleveland.— 573,  580. 

Medical  College  of  Ohio,  Cincinnati. — 299,  605,  671,  680. 

Columbus  Medical  College,  Columbus. — 720. 

Starling  Medical  College,  Columbus. — 770. 
Illinois. 

Rush  Aledical  College,  Chicago. — 248,  396. 

Chicago  Medical  College. — 367. 

College  Physicians  and   Surgeons,   Chicago. — 920. 

IMlCHIGAN. 

Medical  Department,  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor. — 493. 
Minnesota. 

Medical  Department,  University  of  Minnesota,   Minneapolis. — 662. 
Iowa. 

Medical  Department,  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. — 581,  632. 

]\IlSS0URI. 

Ensworth  Medical  College,  St.  Joseph. — 660. 

C.\NADA. 

Medical  Department,  University   Bishop's  College.  Montreal. — 690. 

Medical  Department,  McGill  University,  Montreal. — 890,  903. 
^Mexico. 

Medical  Department,  University  of  Mexico,  Mexico. — 205. 
England. 

Royal  College  Surgeons,  London. — 159,  205,  239. 
Scotland. 

Medical  Department,  University  of  Edinburgh. — 30,  487. 

Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  Edinburgh. — 564. 
Ireland. 

Medical  Department,  Queen's  College,  Cork. — 203. 

^ledical  Department,  Queen's  College,  Belfast. — 456. 

Rotunda  Lying-in  Hospital,   Dublin. — 159,  622,  730. 
Germany. 

F.  W.  University,  Berlin. — 72,  184,  224,  383,  637,  82S. 

Ludwig  Max.  University,  Munich. — 350. 

Julius  Max.  University.Wuerzburg. — 424. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  407 


Germany. — Continued. 

E.  K.  University,  Ttibingen. — 227. 

G.  A.  University,  Goettingen. — 126. 

University  of  Leipzig. — 446,  652. 
Austria. 

K.  K.  University,  Vienna. — 259. 

K.  K.  University,  Prag. — 216. 
Switzerland. 

University  of  Ziirich. — 104. 
Belgium. 

University  of  Brussels. — 564. 
Italy. 

University  of  Bologna. — 730. 


TABLE  in. 

educational    institutions    attended;    excluding    public    secondary 

schools  and  medical  colleges. 
Maine. 

Bowdoin   College.    Brunswick. — 861. 

Colby  College,  Waterville. — 419,  549. 

Gardiner  Lyceum,   Gardiner. — 319. 

Westbrook  Seminary,  Woodfords. — 527. 
New  Hampshire. 

Dartmouth  College,  Hanover.— 140,  174,  233,  418,  677,  -]-]-],  829,  916. 

Appleton's  Academy,  New  Ipswich. — 175,  233. 

Strafford  Academy,  Strafford. — 303. 

Wolfboro  Academy,  Wolfboro. — 303. 

Crosby's  Academy,  Nassau. — 354. 

Robinson's  Female  Seminary,  Exeter. — 443. 
Vermont. 

University  of  Vermont,  Burlington. — 190. 

Norwich  University,  Northfield. — 226. 

Middlebury  College,  Middlebury.— 897. 
Massachusetts. 

Harvard  University,  Cambridge.— 414,  44i.  597.  616,  704,  768. 

Williams  College,  Williamstown.— 538,  816. 

Amherst  College,  Amherst. — 804. 

Holy  Cross  College,  Worcester. — 386. 

Smith  College,  Hatfield.— 858. 

Winchendon  Academy,  Wichendon. — 418. 

Phillips'  Academy,  Andover. — 418. 

Groton  Academy,  Groton. — 78. 

Round  Hill  School,  Northampton.— 62. 


408  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Rhode  Island. 

Brown  University,  Providence. — 418,  452,  692. 

Wellesley  College,  Wellesley. — 805. 
Connecticut. 

Yale  University,  New  Haven.— 62,  67,  135-  48",  "02,  830,  834  869. 

Trinity  College,  Hartford.— 495,  603. 

Betts'  Academy,  Stamford. — 226. 

Jones'  Academy,  Bridgeport. — 226. 

Norwalk  Academy,  Norwalk. — 350. 
New  York. 

Columbia  University,  New  York  City. — loi. 

University  of  New  York  City. — 821. 

Cornell  University,  Ithaca. — 679. 

Syracuse  University,  Syracuse. — 646. 

College  St.  Francis  Xavier,  New  York  City. — 273. 

Manhattan  College,  New  York  City.— 682. 

Union  College,  Schenectady. — 23,  136,  697. 

Vassar  College,  Poughkeepsie. — 599. 

Hobart  College,  Geneva. — 522. 

Adams'  Collegiate  Institute,  Adams. — 925. 

Claverack  College,  Claverack. — 716. 

Cooper  Institute,  New  York  City. — 527. 

Arcade  Seminary,  Arcade. — 294. 

Union  Academy,  Wayne  Count}-. — 555. 

Genesee  Wesleyan   Seminary,   Lima. — 294,  493. 

Trumansburg  Academy,  Trumansburg. — 591. 

Cazenovia  Seminary,  Cazenovia. — 658. 
New  Jersey. 

Princeton  University,  Princeton. — 28,  36.  39,  46,  53,  86,  138,  144.  410, 
416,  438,  465.  466,  630,  680,  752,  835. 

Centenary  Collegiate    Institute,  Hackettstown. — 716. 

Belvidere  Academy,  Belvidere. — 342. 

Freehold  Academy,  Freehold. — 354. 

Edge  Hill  School,  Princeton. — 366. 

New  Jersey  State  Model  School,  Trenton. — 624. 
Pennsylvania. 

University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia. — 39,  109. 

Western  University,  Allegheny. — 141. 

Bucknill  University,   Lewisburg. — 260. 

Juniata  College,  Huntingdon. — ^457,  628. 

Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg. — 52,  151. 

Alleghany  College,  Meadville. — 407. 

Washington  and  Jefferson  College,  Washington. — 168. 

Dickinson  College,  Carlisle. — 461. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLTTMBIA  4O9 

Peknsylvanta. — Continued. 

Pennsylvania   College.   Getn-sburg. — 198,  ^3,  653. 

Lafayette  College,  Easton. — 796. 

Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  Lancaster. — 786. 

Philadelphia  College  Pharmacy. — J22,  728,  879. 

Temple  College,  Philadelphia. — 894. 

St.  Mar>-'s  College.  Northeast — 828. 

Monongahela  Academy,  Monongahela. — ^282. 

Huntingdon  Academj-,  Huntingdon. — ^457. 

Central  High  School,  Philadelphia  (confers  degrees). — ^272,  918. 

State  Normal  School,  Millersville. — 694,  817. 
Delaware. 

Delaware  College,  Newark. — 387. 

Milford  Academ}-,  Milford. — 244. 

Academy,  Wilmington. — 500. 

^LVRVLAXD. 

Johns  Hopkins  L'niversit}-,  Baltimore. — 800.  836,  S47,  850,  8^2.  871. 

Mt.  St.  Marj-'s  University,  Emmetsburg. — 94.  141,  384. 

St.  Mar\'s  College,  Baltimore. — 56,  70.  iii.  375. 

Washington  College,  Baltimore. — 151.  686. 

St.  James  College,  near  Baltimore. — 289. 

St.  John's   College,  Annapolis. — 24,  29,  366,  392,  459,  500,  519,  623, 

670,  808. 
St.  John's  College,  Frederick. — 81. 
St.  John's  College,  Hagerstown. — 123. 
Mt.  St.  Joseph's  College,  Baltimore. — 901. 
Maryland  Agricultural  College,  College  Park. — 832. 
Rock  Hill  College.  Ellicott  City. — 372,  391.  664,  726,  759. 
Presbyterian  College.  New  Windsor. — 769. 
Baltimore  College  Dental  Surgery. — ^415. 
Frederick  College.  Frederick. — ^468. 

Roclv\-ille  Academy,  Rockville    (^McLeod'sV-^5.  127.  397,  420. 
Frederick  Academy,  Frederick. — 670. 
Broolaille  Academy,  Broola-ille. — 65. 
L'pper  Marlboro  Academy.  L'pper  Marlboro. — 836. 
Petersville  Academy,  Peters%-ille. — 313. 
Bladensburg  Academy,  Bladensburg. — 634. 
Charlotte  Hall  School,  Charlotte  Hall.— 42.  400.  484. 
State  Normal  School,  Baltimore. — 669. 
Glenwood  Institute.  Glenwood. — 450. 
District  of  Columbia. 
Abbott's   Classical   Seminar}-.   Georgetown. — 129. 
Beck's  Academy,  6th  and  H  N.W. — 180. 
Breckenridge's   Classical   School,  Harewood. — 5. 


4IO  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

District  of  Columbia. — Continued. 

Bryant  and  Stratton's  Business  College. — 721. 

Camahan's  Seminary,  Georgetown. — 80,  97,  178. 

Columbian  College  and  University.— 58,  71,  75,  84.   120,  136,  149,  156, 

200,  202,  259.  265,  307,  315,  323,  341,  344,  412.  433,  435,  478,  517.  530, 

571,  620,  639,  683,  684.  798,  805.  815,  818,  836.  852.  859,  899,  924. 
Corcoran  Scientific  School,  15th  and  H  N.W. — 808. 
Emerson's  Institute  (Young's  School)  914  14th  X.W.— 239,  289,  350, 

412,  455,  566,  586,  678. 
Everett  Institute.  915  to  919  Mass.  Ave.  X.W.— 307. 
Fisher's  Academy,  Vermont  Ave.  and  H. — 896. 
Friend's  Select  School.  1811  I  X.W.— 866. 
Gallaudet  College,  Kendall  Green.— 815. 
Georgetown  College  and  Universit}-. — 65,  68.  70,  94,  96,  112,  122,  127, 

129,  133,  141,  159,  162,  259,  269,  273,  282.  283,  288,  316,  321,  328,  329, 

338,  353,  359,  368.  391,  392,  408,  442.  452,  505.  516,  528,  532,  550,  589, 

596,  759,  773,  836,  907- 
Gonzaga   College    (Washington    Seminary)    F  bet.   9th   and    loth;  19 

I  X.W.— 47,  50,  176,  186,  206,  311,  316.  368.  391,  507,  773,  860. 
Henshaw's  School,  14th  and  G  N.W.— 180. 
Howard  University.— 247,  271,  319,  434,  453. 
iMcLeod's  Academy,  Georgetown. — 68,  77,  154. 
McVean's  School,  Georgetown. — 80. 
National  College  Pharmacy,  808  I  X.W.— 403.  420,  477,  508,  540,  552, 

577,  598,  636,  663,  780.  783.  824.  833.  845,  848.  868,  872. 
Xational  University,  8th  and  K  X.W. — 242,  307,  376,  593,  739.  761, 

838,  849. 
Rittenhouse  Academy,  Georgetown,  and  306  Indiana  Ave. — 154,   156, 

187,  497. 
Spencerian  Business  College,  9th  and  D  X.W. — 372,  437,  555. 
St.  John's  College,  1225  Vermont  Ave. — 507,  578,  617. 
Union  Academy,  14th  and  N.  Y.  Ave.  X.W. — 307,  315. 
University  School,  1310  i8th  N.W. — 866. 
Washington  Institute. — ^45. 
Washington  City  Normal  School. — 924. 
Washington  Select  School. — 338. 
Washington  Seminar^-.     See  Gonzaga  College. 
Young's  School.    Sec  Emerson  Institute. 
Virginia. 
University  of  Virginia,  Charlottesville. — 134,  356,  554,  663,  701,  866, 

908. 
Hampden-Sidney   College,   Hampden-Sidney. — 521. 
Washington  College,  Washington  and  Lee  University,  Lexington. — 

9.  390,  595- 


DISTRICT     OF     COLI'MBIA  4I  I 

Virginia. — Continued. 

^\"illiam  and  Man-  College,  Williamsburg. — 390,  455. 

Randolph-]\Iacon  College,  Ashland. — 342. 

Buckingham  College. — 401. 

Emory  and  Henr\-  College,  Emor}-. — 592. 

Richmond  College,  Richmond,  908. 

Sanborn  Academy,  Charlestown. — 131. 

Leesburg  Academy,  Leesburg. — 513. 

Potomac  Academy,  Alexandria. — 524, 

St.  John's  Academy,  Alexandria. — 450,  532,  ^yy. 

Berrvvnlle  Academy,  Berr^Tille. — 2^2>- 

Shenandoah  Valley  Academy,  \\"inche5ter. — 569. 

Randolph-Macon  Academy.  Front  Royal. — 376,  707. 

Hallowell's  School.  Alexandria. — 231. 

Episcopal  High  School  near  Alexandria. — 554. 

University  School,  Petersburg. — 585. 

Norwood  High   School  and  College,  Nelson  County. — 663. 

Frank  Elinor  School,  Charlottesville. — ^431. 

Kenmore  University-  High  School,  Amherst  Courthouse. — 831. 

Norwood's  School,  Richmond. — 554. 

Virginia  Militarj-  Institute.  Lexington. — 351.  450,  676,  731,  886. 

Virginia  PoMechnic  Institute,  Blacksburg. — 672. 
^^*EST  Virginia. 

University-  of  West  Virginia,  Morgantown. — 373. 
North  Carolix.a 

University-  of  North  Carolina,  Chapel  Hill. — 650. 
South  Carolina. 

University-  of  South  Carolina,  Charleston. — 157,  572. 

Newberr\-  College,  Newberr}-. — 776. 
Mississippi. 

University-  of  Mississippi,  Oxford. — 494. 
Texas. 

Willis  College.  Willis.^838. 

Grayson  College,  Grayson  County. — 913. 

Conyngton  Business  College,  Houston. — 919. 

Trinit}-  Normal  School,  Trinity.— 838. 
Ohio. 

Wooster  University-,  ^^'ooster. — 605. 

Ohio  Wesleyan  University-,  Delaware. — ^470,  ^2. 

Ashland  College,  Ashland. — ^492. 

Mt.  Union  College,  Alliance. — 546,  7^. 

Bartlett's  Academy,  Bartlett. — 546. 

New  Carlisle  Academy,  New  Carlisle. — 562. 


412  medical  society 

Indiana. 

University  Notre  Dame,  South  Bend. — 589. 

Hanover    College,    Hanover. — 754. 
Illinois. 

Mt.  Vernon  College,  Mt.  Vernon. — 6^2. 

McCormick  Theological   Seminar}',   Chicago. — 754. 
Michigan. 

University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor. — 335,  556,  894. 

Business  College,  Adrian. — 641. 

Detroit  College,  Detroit. — 765. 

Michigan  Agricultural  College. — 899. 
Wisconsin. 

Page's  Academy,  Lancaster. — 536. 
Kentucky. 

Central  University,  Danville. — 698. 

Kentucky  University,  Lexington. — 913. 
Tennessee. 

University  of  South,  Sewanee. — 494,  554. 
Minnesota. 

University  of  Minnesota,  Minneapolis. — 803. 
Iowa. 

University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. — 557. 

Amity  College,  College  Springs. — 696. 
Missouri. 

State  Normal  School,  Kirksville. — 556. 
California. 

Leland  Stanford  University. — 808. 
Can.\d.\. 

Sackville  College,  Sackville,  N.  S. — 264. 

Bailey's  Academy,  London. — 463. 

St.  Dunstan's  College,  P.  E.  I.— «8o. 
England. 

Bicester  Diocesan  School,  Bicester. — 190. 

Stonyhurst  College,  Lancashire. — 353,  704. 

Burdis'  Academy,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. — 544. 

Newnham  College,  Cambridge. — 557. 
Scotland. 

University  of  Edinburgh. — 17,  289. 

Anderson  University,   Glasgow. — 394. 
Ireland. 

Trinity  College,  Dublin. — 159. 

Jesuit  College,  Dublin. — 89. 

Maynooth  College,  Maynooth. — 321. 

Kilkenny   College,    Kilkenny. — 353. 

Coleraine   Institute,   Coleraine.— 456. 


district  of  coi,umbia  4i3 

Germany. 

Royal  College,  Miinden,  Prussia. — 269. 

Realschule,  Alsfeld,  Hesse. — 328. 
Russia. 

University  of  Dorpat. — 72. 

A.  B.— 28,  2(>,  39,  48,  52,  58,  60,  62,  71,  72,  78.  84,  86,  loi,  109,  112,  120, 
122,  123,  135,  140,  144,  149,  157,  159,  264,  272,  316,  319,  329,  335,  368, 
37?,,  375,  383,  384,  386.  387,  410,  414,  418,  419.  438,  441,  442,  452.  461, 
465,  466,  487,  492,  505,  517,  521,  522,  538,  549,  550,  562,  572,  589,  592, 
595  to  597,  599,  603,  616,  617,  623,  644,  653,  664,  670,  677,  680,  692,  697, 
701,  704,  754,  759,  768,  773,  776,  786,  800,  816,  828  to  830,  836,  847,  850, 
852,  858,  861,  869,  871.  901,  917,   918. 

A.  M. — 39,  46,  53,  60,  67,  68,  71,  75,  78,  81,  III.  112.  120,  122,  123.  127, 
^:i2»  136,  138.  140,  141,  149,  162,  168,  190,  200.  247,  259,  260.  271  to 
273,  282,  288.  311,  316,  319,  321,  323.  329,  335,  353,  2,72,'  375,  383,  384. 
386,  387,  391.  392,  408,  410,  414,  416,  419,  438,  452,  459,  461,  465,  466, 
470,  478,  495.  507,  522,  549,  550,  562,  578,  589,  596,  603,  630,  632,  653, 
664,  670,  680.  682,  702,  752,  754,  759,  776,  786,  804,  815,  836.  897,  918. 

B.  S.— 500,  530,  653,  682,  684,  696,  731,  738,  798,  803  to  805,  815,  821,  835, 
848,  859,  860.  894,  899,  924. 

M.  S.— 457,  798,  805,  832,  894,  899,  924. 
Ph.  B.— 200,  315,  323,  341,  571,  605,  650,  834. 
Ph.  C— 894. 

Ph.  D.— 159,  259,  269,  359,  368.  408,  589. 
Ph.  M.— 605. 

B.  E.— 628,  676,  817. 

C.  E.-731. 

M.  E.— 457.  796. 

L.  B.-777. 

LL.  B.— 242,  265,  288,  516,  556,  739,  761. 

LL.  AI. — 242,  516,  761,  849. 

LL.  D.— 67,  94,  136,  190,  273,  307,  328,  2,7^,  589. 

D.  D.  S.— 415,  593,  838. 
Phar.  G.— 722.  879. 

Phar.  D.— 65.  68,  403.  420,  453,  477,  5o8,  520,  540,  552,  577,  598,  636,  663, 
780,  783,  824,  833,  845,  868,  872. 


TABLE  IV. 

THE     ARMY,     NAVY     AND     MARINE     HOSPITAL     SERVICES. 

Army  (including  all  Military  Organizations — United  States,  Confed- 
erate States,  Foreign,  and  National  Guard). — Sketches  3  to  5,  8,  11, 
20,  22,  23.  29,  30,  32.  27,  40,  51,  59,  66,  67,  79,  81.  82,  88  to  90,  98,  loi 


414  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Army. — Continued. 

to  103,  109,  III,  112,  115,  117,  122,  124,  125,  127.  128.  131.  135,  136, 
140.  143,  144,  147,  150,  152,  155  to  159,  '161  to  166,  168,  169,  174  to 
176,  178,  179.  182,  184,  185,  187  to  190,  194  to  198,  200,  203,  204,  206  to 

213,  215,  218,  219,  222  to  224,  226,  228  to  234,  236,  240  to  242.  244  to 

248,  255,  257  to  259,  262,  264  to  267,  269  to  276,  278,  279,  284,  287,  289, 
292,  294,  298,  300  to  304,  306,  308,  310,  317,  319,  320,  324,  326,  328,  329, 
333,  335,  337,  338,  341,  342,  346,  349,  350,  351,  356,  362,  366,  376,  390  to 
392,  395,  396,  398,  401,  408,  414,  425,  426,  431,  452,  458,  459,  463,  470, 
497,  500,  511,  524,  526,  532,  536,  544,  555,  557,  560,  569,  577,  580,  581, 
583,  584,  591,  602,  607,  610,  616,  619,  623,  643  to  645,  667,  670,  67s,  680, 
682,  695,  701,  705,  715.  716,  720  to  722,  771,  789,  794,  795,  802,  809,  825, 
831,  859,  874,  886,  888,  896,  897,  908,  918,  925. 

Navy  (including  all  navies).— 7  to  9,  32,  33,  35,  45,  71,  103,  169,  179. 
205,  217,  221,  243,  244,  287,  356,  380,  384,  385,  414,  422,  441,  521,  695, 
742,  806. 

Marine  Hospital  Service.— 162,  163,  334,  396,  543,  592,  608,  689,  742, 
831,  862,  867,  915. 


APPENDIX. 


i 


i 


CONSTITUTION   and   BY-LAWS 

AND    CHANGES    THEREIN. 


The  Society  has  printed  its  constitution,  by-laws,  etc.,  a  number  of 
times,  namely,  in  1820,  1839,  1854,  1861,  1S67,  1870,  1882,  1894,  1897  and 
1904.  The  first  publication  followed  the  first  incorporation,  the  second 
publication  followed  the  second  incorporation. 

The  edition  of  1820  contains  the  first  charter,  the  constitution  and  by- 
laws, a  list  of  twenty-eight  resident  members,  of  nine  honorary  members 
and  of  the  officers,  and  the  rules  and  regulations  of  professional  etiquette. 
A  copy  was  presented  to  the  Society  December  20,  1882,  by  Dr.  John  Fred- 
erick May,  and  is  now  in  the  library  of  the  Surgeon  General's  Ofiice.  The 
edition  of  1839  contains  the  second  charter  and  the  constitution  and  by- 
laws. That  of  1854  contains  the  same,  with  the  revision  made  to  the 
constitution  and  by-laws  January  2,  1854  ;  also  the  Regulations  of  the 
Medical  Association  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  edition  of  1861 
contains  the  same  with  the  revisions  made  July  12,  1859,  July  i,  i860,  and 
October  i,  1861;  also  a  list  of  106  members  ;  and  the  Regulations  of  the 
Medical  Association.  The  edition  of  1867  contains  the  charter,  etc.,  with 
the  revisions  made  January  9  and  23  and  July  5,  1865,  and  January  10  and 
July  2,  1866,  and  a  list  of  resident  members.  The  edition  of  1870  con- 
tains the  charter,  etc.,  with  revisions  of  January  5  and  12,  1870;  lists  of 
resident  and  honorary  members  and  licentiates,  and  the  Regulations 
of  the  Medical  Association  are  bound  up  under  the  same  cover.  The 
edition  of  1882  contains  the  charter,  etc.,  with  revisions  made  after  the 
previous  edition;  also  lists  of  resident  and  honorary  members.  The  edi- 
tion of  1894  the  same,  including  revisions  after  the  previous  edition. 
The  edition  of  1897  the  same,  including  revisions  of  January  4,  1897. 
The  last  edition  is  that  of  1904,  containing  the  same,  with  revisions  of 
July  I,  1901,  January  8,  1902,  and  January  13,  1904. 

Revision  of  the  constitution,  by-laws  and  rules  of  order  was  usually 
the  work  of  several  months.  For  instance,  July  i,  1850,  a  committee 
was  appointed,  consisting  of  Drs.  T.  B.  J.  Frye,  Joshua  Riley  and  H. 
Lindsly,  to  consider  the  propriety  of  a  revision  and  also  of  petitioning 
Congress  to  amend  the  charter  of  1838.  Apparently  this  committee 
failed  to  do  anything,  because  a  new  committee  was  appointed  January 
II,  1853,  consisting  of  Drs.  H.  Lindsly,  S.  C.  Busey  and  \V.  H.  Saunders. 
27 


41 8  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

This  committee  evidently  went  to  work,  for  we  find  that  they  reported  a 
revision  January  2,  1854,  which  was  adopted  and  printed. 

Again,  March  14,  1S64,  a  committee  was  appointed — Drs.  Thos.  Miller, 
Thos.  Antisell  and  C.  H.  Liebermann — which  reported  September  5,  1866, 
when  Drs.  Antisell,  Lovejoy  and  A.  F.  A.  King  were  appointed  to  see 
to  the  publication,  and  it  was  published  in  1867. 

Subjoined  appears  in  detail  the  original  constitution,  etc.,  the  amend- 
ments thereto  and  the  dates  of  adoption  of  the  amendments  : 

CONSTITUTION. 

Article  I,  Edition  0/1820. — "  This  Society  shall  be  called  the  Medical 
Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia."  There  has  been  no  change  in  this 
article.     The  title  was,  of  course,  fixed  by  the  charters. 

Article  II,  Edition  0/1820. — "The  object  of  this  Society  shall  be  the 
consideration  and  promotion  of  all  subjects  connected  with  medicine  and 
the  collateral  branches  of  the  science."  The  words  of  the  charters  are  : 
"  promoting  and  disseminating  medical  and  surgical  knowledge  and  for 
no  other  purpose  whatever."  Sections  3,  4  and  5  of  both  charters  pro- 
vided for  a  Board  of  Examiners  for  license  to  practice  in  the  District ;  the 
Board  to  be  elected  by  the  Societ}'.  The  article,  after  the  reincorpora- 
tion, was  changed  by  interpolating  after  the  words  "shall  be,"  the 
words  "  the  granting  of  licenses  agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  the  char- 
ter." January  4,  1897,  these  interpolated  words  were  struck  out  because 
Congress  had  passed  a  bill  transferring  the  duty  to  the  Commissioners  of 
the  District. 

Article  III,  Section  i.  Edition  0/1820. — "  The  meetings  of  this  Society 
shall  be  held  quarter-yearly  in  the  City  of  Washington,  viz  :  on  the  first 
Mondays  in  January,  April,  July  and  October,  and  on  its  own  adjourn- 
ments." These  stated  meetings  were  required  by  the  charter.  The 
second  charter,  however,  required  only  two  meetings  yearly,  January  and 
July,  and  the  article  was  correspondingly  changed  after  the  reincorpo- 
ration. 

January  5,  1870,  the  wording  of  the  paragraph  was  changed  to  read  as 
follows:  "There  shall  be  two  meetings  of  this  Society  annually,  the 
first  beginning  with  the  stated  meeting  fixed  by  the  charter  on  the  first 
Monday  in  January,  and  the  second  beginning  with  the  stated  meeting 
on  the  first  Monday  in  July."  January  4,  1897,  the  words  "fixed  by  the 
charter"  were  struck  out. 

Article  III,  Section  2,  Edition  0/1820. — "Special  meetings  shall  be 
called  by  the  President,  or  one  of  the  Vice  Presidents,  on  application  be- 
ing made  in  writing  by  three  of  the  members."  Januarys,  1870,  the 
following  sentence  was  added  :  "  The  stated  meetings  shall  be  advertised 
by  the  Recording  Secretary  at  least  three  times,  and  all  special  meetings 


DISTRICT    OF     COI^UMBIA  4I9 

at  least  once,  in  one  or  more  newspapers  of  the  District."     January  4, 
1897,  this  sentence  was  struck  out. 

January  5,  1870,  a  section  j  was  added  :  "During  each  session  the 
Society  may  hold  regular  meetings  for  the  promotion  and  dissemination 
of  medical  science."  The  first  Monday  in  February,  1851,  was  appointed 
to  receive  and  discuss  medical  subjects.  The  President  was  instructed  to 
appoint  members  for  the  purpose.  He  appointed  Drs.  J.  Borrows,  W.  P. 
Johnston  and  F.  Howard.  There  is  no  record  of  any  February  meeting 
having  been  held.  In  the  summer  of  1864  meetings  were  held  on  Mon- 
days when  possible,  and  in  the  evening.  January  23,  1865,  Wednesday 
was  selected  for  the  regular  meetings,  and  they  have  since  been  held  on 
that  day. 

Article  IV,  Section  /,  Edition  0/1820. — "  There  shall  be  the  following 
officers  of  this  Society,  viz  :  one  President,  two  Vice  Presidents,  one  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  one  Recording  Secretary,  one  Treasurer  and  one 
Librarian."  This  section  is  in  the  language  of  both  charters,  which 
named  the  individual  officers  and  also  the  time  they  should  be  elected. 
There  has  not  been  any  change  in  this  section. 

Article  IV,  Section  2,  Editioti  0/1820. — "The  officers  of  the  IMedical 
Society  shall  be  chosen  from  the  resident  members,  and  be  elected  b}- 
ballot  by  a  majority  of  the  members  present  at  the  stated  meetings  (or 
meeting — printed  both  ways)  in  January  in  every  year."  July  12,  1S59 
this  section  was  amended  by  interpolating  after  the  word  "  Society"  the 
words  "  and  also  delegates  to  the  National  Medical  Association."  Jan- 
uary 10,  1866,  the  section  was  again  amended  to  read  "The  officers  of 
the  Medical  Society  and  delegates  to  the  American  Medical  Association 
shall  be  chosen  from  the  resident  members  as  follows  :  the  officers  by 
ballot  of  a  majority  of  members  at  the  semi-annual  meeting  in  January, 
the  delegates  to  be  selected  by  a  committee  appointed  for  the  purpose, 
who  shall  present  the  names  selected  to  the  Society  at  an  adjourned 
meeting  in  April.  These  names  shall  be  confirmed  by  the  Society  by 
ballot  as  in  the  case  of  officers."  January  5,  1870,  the  wording  was  again 
changed  :  "The  officers  of  the  Medical  Society,  the  Board  of  Exam- 
iners and  the  delegates  to  the  American  Medical  Associati^in  shall  be 
chosen  from  the  resident  members,  as  follows  :  The  officers  and  Board 
of  Examiners  by  ballot  of  a  majority  of  the  members  present  at  the  an- 
nual meeting  in  January,  the  delegates  by  a  ballot  of  a  majoritj'  of  the 
members  present  at  a  regular  meeting  in  April."  Again,  January  4,  1S97, 
the  functions  of  the  Board  of  Examiners  having  ceased  and  the  Society 
having  no  longer  representation  in  the  American  Medical  Association, 
the  section  was  simplified  to  read  "The  officers  shall  be  chosen  from  the 
active  members  by  ballot  of  a  majority  of  the  members  present  at  the 
stated  meeting  in  January."  This  again  was  changed  January  13,  1904, 
to  read  "The  officers  shall  be  chosen  from  the  active  members  at  the 


420  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

stated  meeting  in  January,  and  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  shall  be  nec- 
essar}'  for  a  choice." 

Two  new  sections  were  added  January  5,  1870.  Section  j,  "There 
shall  also  be  a  Board  of  Censors,  consisting  of  three  members,  to  be 
elected  in  the  same  manner  as  the  officers."  January  4,  1897,  the  word 
"  also"  was  struck  out  and  the  number  was  increased  from  three  to  five. 
Secliofi  4,  "In  case  of  the  death,  resignation  or  removal  of  any  officer  or 
member  of  either  Board,  an  election  may  be  held  at  any  regular  meeting 
to  fill  the  vacancy."  This  section  was  amended  January  4,  1897,  by 
striking  out  the  word  "  either"  and  adding  after  the  word  "Board"  the 
words  "  of  Censors,"  and  was  made  section  5  instead  of  4;  January  8,  1902, 
it  became  section  6. 

Another  section  4  was  added  Januarj-  4,  1S97  :  "There  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  President,  annually  in  January,  a  Committee  on  Public 
Health,  consisting  of  seven  active  members  ;  also  a  Committee  on  Leg- 
islation, consisting  of  nine  active  members  ;  and  also  a  Committee  on 
Essays,  consisting  of  three  active  members."  January  8,  1902,  this  sec- 
tion became  section  5,  and  the  words  "  a  Committee  on  Legislation" 
were  struck  out. 

A  new  section  4  was  adopted  January  8,  1902:  "  There  shall  be  an  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  composed  of  fifteen  active  members,  appointed  by 
the  President  in  January,  1902.  Of  the  members  thus  appointed  three 
shall  serve  for  one  year,  three  for  two  years,  three  for  three  years,  three 
for  four  3-ears  and  three  for  five  years.  The  President,  after  his  election 
at  the  stated  meeting  in  January,  1903,  and  in  each  succeeding  year,  shall 
fill  the  vacancies  on  this  committee  by  the  appointment  of  three  active 
members,  who  shall  serve  for  five  years.  When  a  vacancy  occurs  on 
this  committee  by  resignation  or  otherwise,  the  President  shall  appoint 
an  active  member  to  fill  the  unexpired  term." 

Article  V,  Section  /,  Edition  of  1820. — "  The  Society  shall  consist  of 
honorary  and  resident  members,  and  fellows."  The  words  "and  fel- 
lows," were  struck  out  Januarys,  1870,  and,  January  4,  1897,  the  word 
resident  was  changed  to  active,  and  the  following  words  were  added  : 
"and  members  by  invitation." 

Article  V,  Section  2,  Edition  0/1820. — "Any  person  not  residing  in 
the  District  of  Columbia  who  has  obtained  a  degree  in  medicine  or  is  em- 
inent in  the  practice  of  physic  or  any  of  the  branches  thereof  may  be 
proposed  as  an  honorary  member.  He  shall  be  proposed  by  two  mem- 
bers, at  one  stated  meeting,  balloted  for  at  the  next,  and  a  majority 
of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present  shall  be  required  for  his  admis- 
sion." This  section  was  amended  July  2,  1866,  by  interpolating  after 
the  word  "thereof"  and  in  italics  the  words  "or  anj- resident  medical 
man  not  engaged  in  practice,  or  who  has  grown  old  in  the  profession 
and  retired  from  practice."  For  some  reason,  perhaps  inadvertently,  the 
word  "stated"  was  omitted  in  the  printing  in  1867,  but  it  was  restored 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  42 1 

with  emphasis  January  5,  1870,  where  the  sentence  reads  "He  shall  be 
proposed  by  two  members  at  one  of  the  stated  meetings  and  may  be  bal- 
loted for  at  the  next  stated  meeting  ;"  and  the  word  required  was 
changed  to  necessary.  A  third  sentence  was  added  July  2,  1866  :  "  Hon- 
orary members  removing  to  the  District,  as  well  as  resident  honorary 
members  engaging  in  practice,  will  be  required  to  pay  the  usual  fee  to 
the  Treasurer  and  be  proposed  and  elected  as  resident  members."  Jan- 
uary 5,  1870,  this  sentence  was  struck  out.  January  4,  1897,  the  second 
sentence  was  amended  by  adding  the  words  "  but  no  nomination  shall  be 
acted  upon  until  it  has  been  reported  upon  by  the  Board  of  Censors. 
Honorar)'  members  shall  have  the  privilege  of  attending  all  regular  meet- 
ings of  this  Society  held  for  the  discussion  of  medical  subjects,  and  of 
participating  in  such  discussion  ;  but  shall  not  have  the  right  to  attend 
the  stated  meetings,  to  hold  office  or  to  vote  upon  any  subject  connected 
with  the  management  of  the  Society,  or  any  of  the  elections."  January 
13,  1904,  the  words  "three-fourths  of  the  members  present"  were 
changed  to  "  three-fourths  of  the  votes  cast." 

Article  V,  Section  j,  Edition  0/1820. — "  Resident  members  shall  con- 
sist of  medical  gentlemen  residing  in  the  District  of  Columbia  ;  and  for 
their  admission  it  shall  be  necessary  that  they  shall  have  received  a  di- 
ploma from  some  University  or  shall  be  considered  respectable  in  the 
practice  of  medicine.  They  shall  be  proposed  by  two  members,  at  least 
one  stated  meeting  before  being  balloted  for,  and  it  shall  then  require 
the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  preseut  for  their  admis- 
sion." After  the  reincorporation  the  wording  of  the  second  sentence 
was  changed  to  read  as  follows  :  "They  shall  signify  their  desire  to  be 
elected,  shall  be  recommended  to  the  Society  by  the  Board  of  Examiners 
at  least  one  stated  meeting  before  being  balloted  for,  and  it  shall  require 
the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present  for  their  admis- 
sion ;  and  every  member  so  elected  shall  pay  a  fee  of  five  dollars  to  the 
Treasurer." 

July  I,  i860,  the  section  was  changed  to  read,  "Resident  members 
shall  consist  of  medical  gentlemen  residing  in  the  District  of  Columbia ; 
and  all  applications  for  membership  shall  be  made  to  the  President,  who 
shall,  on  the  applicant  having  exhibited  satisfactory  evidence  of  his 
qualifications,  by  the  production  of  a  diploma  from  a  respectable  medical 
college  or  a  license  from  the  Examiners  of  the  Medical  Society,  and  of 
his  having  paid  the  Treasurer  a  fee  of  five  dollars,  grant  a  temporary  cer- 
tificate of  eligibility,  and  shall  report  the  names  of  all  such  applicants  to 
the  next  meeting  of  the  Society,  when  they  shall  be  balloted  for,  and  the 
concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present  shall  be  necessary  for 
their  admission."* 

*August  6,  I860,  Dr.  Wm.  Marbury  offered  a  resolution   that  no  one  should  become  a  ■ 
member  of  the  Society  who  was  engaged  in  any  other  than  medical  pursuits.    The  res- 
olution, however,  was  laid  on  the  table. 


42  2  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

January  9,  1865,  the  reading  was  again  changed  :  "  Resident  members 
shall  consist  of  medical  gentlemen  residing  in  the  District  of  Columbia  ; 
and  for  their  admission  it  shall  be  necessary  that  they  shall  have  received 
a  diploma  from  a  regular  medical  college,  or  shall  have  received  a  cer- 
tificate from  the  Examining  Board  of  the  Society.  Candidates  for 
membership  shall  be  duly  proposed  to  the  Medical  Society,  and  be  re- 
commended by  the  Board  of  Examiners,  and  may  be  balloted  for  at  the 
meeting  next  after  their  proposal,  when  it  shall  require  the  concurrence 
of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present  for  their  admission  ;  and  every 
member  so  elected  shall  have  previously  paid  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
Societj- an  admission  fee  of  ten  (10)  dollars."  July  8,  1868,  the  words 
"  ever}' member  so  elected"  were  changed  to  "every  non-licentiate  so 
elected;"  and  after  the  words  "  ten  dollars"  were  added  "  In  the  case  of 
licentiates  the  fee  for  membership  shall  be  one  dollar." 

Another  change  was  made  January  5,  1870  :  "  Resident  members  shall 
consist  of  medical  practitioners  residing  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  and 
for  their  admission  it  shall  be  necessary  that  they  shall  have  received  a 
license  from  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  the  Society.  Candidates  for 
membership  shall  be  proposed  to  the  Medical  Society  upon  the  written 
request  of  the  applicants,  and  only  at  the  stated  meetings  in  January 
and  July;  shall  be  recommended  by  the  Board  of  Censors,  and  shall  have 
been  licentiates  under  the  charter  for  the  period  of  one  year,  at  least, 
next  preceding  their  election.  Thej'  maj-  be  balloted  for  only  at  the  first 
regular  meeting  in  the  ensuing  April  or  October  after  their  nomination, 
w'hen  it  shall  require  the  concurrence  of  three-fourths  of  the  members 
present  for  their  admission;  and  every  practitioner  so  elected  shall  have 
previously  paid  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Society  a  fee  of  one  dollar,  and 
shall  be  received  as  a  member  on  signing  the  constitution  and  laws  of 
the  Society."     In  the  edition  of  18S2  this  became  section  4. 

July  3,  1893,  this  section  was  amended  to  read  that  "  Candidates  for 
membership  shall  be  proposed  by  two  members,  on  the  written  request 
of  the  applicant,  at  the  first  regular  meeting  in  any  month  ;  shall  be  re- 
ported on  by  the  Board  of  Censors,  and  shall  be  voted  on  not  less  than 
four  weeks  from  the  date  of  their  proposal.  Due  notice  of  both  proposal 
for  membership  and  proposed  vote  shall  be  sent  to  each  member  of  the 
Society  hy  mail."     [The  amendment  was  never  put  in  force.] 

January  4,  1897,  this  section,  still  section  4,  was  amended  in  accord- 
ance with  the  new  license  law  :  "Active  members  shall  consist  of  med- 
ical practitioners  residing  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  Each  candi- 
date for  such  membership  shall  be  proposed  to  the  Medical  Society,  upon 
his  w-ritten  request,  on  a  blank  to  be  supplied  by  the  Recording  Secre- 
tary, at  the  stated  meeting  in  Januarj'  or  July;  shall  be  reported  upon  by 
the  Board  of  Censors,  and  shall  have  been  a  licentiate  under  the  charter, 
or  a  licentiate  of  the  Board  of  Medical  Supervisors  of  the  District  of  Co- 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  423 

lumbia  for  the  period  of  one  year,  at  least,  preceding  his  election. 
Candidates  may  be  balloted  for  only  at  the  first  regular  meeting  in  the  en- 
suing April  or  October  after  their  nomination,  when  it  shall  require  the 
concurrence  of  three-fourths  of  the  members  present  for  their  admission; 
and  each  practitioner  so  elected  shall  pay  into  the  treasury  of  the  Society 
a  fee  of  ten  dollars,  except  such  as  are  licentiates  of  this  Society,  who 
shall  pay  the  sum  of  one  dollar,  and  shall  then  be  received  as  a  member 
on  signing  the  constitution  and  by-laws." 

July  7,  1902,  the  admission  fee  was  reduced  from  ten  to  five  dollars ; 
and,  January  13,  1904,  the  words  "three-fourths  of  the  members  present" 
were  changed  to  "  three-fourths  of  the  votes  cast." 

Article  V,  Section  4,  Edition  1820. — "In  all  propositions  for  the  ad- 
mission of  honorary'  or  resident  members  the  names  of  the  proposers 
shall  be  annexed  to  that  of  the  candidate  on  the  minutes."  This  sec- 
tion was  struck  out  January  5,  1870,  and  a  new  section  4  substituted  : 
"  None  but  resident  members  shall  be  entitled  to  attend  the  stated  meet- 
ings, to  hold  office  or  to  vote  upon  any  subject  connected  with  the  man- 
agement of  the  Society,  or  in  any  of  the  elections.  Honorary  members 
shall  have  the  privilege  of  attending  all  regular  meetings  of  this  Society 
held  for  the  discussion  of  medical  subjects  and  of  participating  in  such 
discussion."  This  new  section  became  section  5  (1882),  and  was  amend- 
ed January  4,  1897,  to  read  :  "Active  members  only  shall  be  entitled  to 
attend  the  stated  meetings,  to  hold  office  and  to  vote  upon  subjects  con- 
nected with  the  management  of  the  Society." 

Article  V,  Section  ^,  Edition  0/1820. — "All  those  who  have  been 
resident  members  for  the  space  of  two  years  shall  be  considered  as  Fel- 
lows of  the  Medical  Society  ;  and  every  honorary  member  who  shall 
make  a  communication  on  any  subject  connected  with  medicine  or  the 
collateral  branches  of  medical  science,  which  communication  being  re- 
ceived and  approved  by  the  Society,  may  be  elected  a  Fellow."  June  2, 
1866,  this  section  was  changed  to  read  :  "All  those  who  have  been  resi- 
dent members  for  the  space  of  i-wo  years,  and  shall  have  writteri  and  de- 
fended a  satisfactory  thesis  before  the  Society,  shall  be  considered  as 
Fellows  of  the  Medical  Society  ;  and  every  honorary  member  who  shall 
make  a  communication  on  any  subject  connected  with  medicine  or  the 
collateral  branches  of  medical  science,  which  communication  being  re- 
ceived and  approved  by  the  Society,  may  be  elected  a  Fellow;  but  should 
he  become  a  resident  practitioner  he  will  be  required,  in  order  to  enjoy  the 
benefits  of  the  Society,  to  pay  the  usual  fee  and  be  elected  a  resident  mem- 
ber.''    This  entire  section  was  struck  out  January  5,  1870. 

In  the  edition  of  1882  a  new  section  was  inserted,  numbered  section  j. 
"  Members  by  invitation— Surgeons  in  the  U.  S.  Army,  Navy  and  Marine 
Hospital  Service,  temporarily  residing  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
not  engaged  in  private  practice — may,  upon  the  nomination  in  writing  by 


424  MEDICAID    SOCIETY 

two  members,  at  any  regular  meeting,  be  elected  members  by  invitation. 
Such  members  by  invitation  shall  have  the  privilege  of  attending  all  the 
meetings  of  the  Society,  of  reading  papers,  presenting  pathological  speci- 
mens, and  of  participating  in  all  the  discussions  before  the  Society  on 
medical  or  scientific  subjects,  but  shall  not  vote  or  hold  office.  No  nom- 
ination shall  be  voted  upon  until  it  shall  have  been  read  at  three  success- 
ive regular  meetings,  and  no  phj'sician  shall  be  elected  except  by  a  two- 
thirds  vote  of  the  members  voting."  January  7,  1895,  the  words  "and 
not  engaged  in  private  practice,"  were  struck  out ;  and,  January  4,  1S97, 
other  changes  were  made,  so  that  the  section  reads:  "Surgeons  in  the 
U.  S.  Army,  Navj'  and  Marine  Hospital  Service,  temporarily  residing  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  such  members  of  the  various  scientific 
bureaus  of  the  Government  service  as  are  engaged  in  work  correlated  to 
medicine,  maj',  upon  nomination  in  writing  by  two  active  members,  at 
any  regular  meeting,  be  elected  members  by  invitation  ;  but  no  vote 
shall  be  taken  upon  such  nomination  until  it  shall  have  been  reported 
upon  by  the  Board  of  Censors,  and  no  candidate  shall  be  elected  except 
bj'  an  affirmative  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present.  Members 
by  invitation  shall  have  the  privilege  of  attending  all  regular  meetings 
of  the  Society,  of  reading  papers,  presenting  pathological  specimens,  and 
of  participating  in  all  of  the  discussions  before  the  Society  on  medical  or 
scientific  subjects,  but  shall  not  vote  or  hold  office."  January  13,  1904, 
the  words  "  members  present"  were  changed  to  "  votes  cast." 

Article  VI,  Editioft  0/1820. — "  If  any  member  be  desirous  of  leaving 
the  Society  he  shall  signify  it  in  a  written  communication,  which,  being 
read,  shall  lie  over  till  the  ensuing  meeting,  when,  with  the  consent  of 
the  Society,  his  resignation  shall  be  accepted  ;  but  he  shall  not  be  per- 
mitted to  resign  until  he  have  discharged  the  arrears  due  from  him  to 
the  Societ}'."  The  word  "have"  was  changed  to  "has"  in  the  edition 
of  1861. 

January  4,  1897,  the  following  was  added  to  this  article:  "Any  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  may  be  suspended  from  membership  by  a  two-thirds 
vote  of  the  members  present  at  a  regular  meeting,  and  may  be  removed 
from  membership  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  members  present  at  any 
stated  meeting  ;  Provided,  That  any  motion  for  the  suspension  or  re- 
moval of  any  member  shall  be  referred  to  and  reported  upon  by  the  Board 
of  Censors  before  being  considered  or  acted  upon  by  the  Societ}'."  Jan- 
uary 13,  1904,  the  words  "  two-thirds  vote  of  the  members  present"  were 
changed  to  "  two-thirds  affirmative  vote." 

Article  VII,  Edition  of  1820. — "  Members  of  the  Society  may  prepare 
dissertations  on  subjects  connected  with  medicine,  or  report  in  writing 
important  cases  in  surgery  or  the  practice  of  physic,  which  shall  be  di- 
rected to  the  President,  who  shall  submit  them  to  the  Society  for  perusal. 
When  permitted,  the  author,  if  present,  shall  read  his  own  communica- 


DISTRICT     OF     COIA^MBIA  425 

tion;  otherwise  it  shall  be  read  by  the  Secretary,  and  it  shall  be  optional 
with  the  Society  to  enter  into  a  general  discussion  of  its  merits."  Janu- 
ary 10,  1866,  this  article  was  struck  out  and  another  substituted  :  "  The 
adjourned  meetings  of  the  Society  for  the  advancement  of  professional 
knowledge  shall  be  conducted  through  the  medium  of  a  committee  of 
arrangements  selected  for  the  purpose,  who  will  provide  the  facilities  for 
the  presentation  of  papers." 

January  5,  1870,  the  article  was  much  amended  and  divided  into  three 
sections,  as  follows  : 

Section  i.  "The  regular  meetings  of  the  Society  for  the  advancement 
of  professional  knowledge  shall  be  conducted  through  the  medium  of  a 
Committee  on  Essays,  consisting  of  three  members,  appointed  by  the 
President  at  the  first  regular  meeting  in  January,  who  will  provide  the 
facilities  for  the  presentation  and  publication  of  medical  essays." 

Sections.  "The  Committee  on  Essays  shall,  at  the  commencement  of 
each  session,  present  the  names  of  ten  members  agreeing  to  furnish  es- 
says on  medical  subjects.  Such  members,  thus  assenting,  may  provide  a 
substitute." 

Section  j.  "  Discussion  on  all  medical  papers  presented  under  the  fore- 
going provisions  shall  continue  until  a  formal  vote  made  to  close  the  de- 
bate, which  being  carried,  the  author  shall  have  the  privilege  of  closing 
debate." 

January  4,  1S97,  this  entire  article  was  struck  out,  its  provisions  appear- 
ing elsewhere  in  the  constitution  or  by-laws. 

Article  F7//— (The  edition  of  1820  heads  this,  both  as  Article  VIII 
and  Section  3,  which  may  be  an  inadvertence  or  have  some  other  expla- 
nation, now  impossible  to  arrive  at.)  "All  propositions  for  altering  the 
constitution  shall  lie  over  at  least  one  stated  meeting  previous  to  being 
acted  on,  and  shall  then  require  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the 
members  present  for  their  adoption."  January  4,  1897,  this  became  Ar- 
ticle VII;  and,  January  13,  1904,  the  words  "members  present"  were 
changed  to  "votes  cast." 


BY-LAWS. 

(^Edition  0/1820,  Bye-Laws.) 

By-lazv  i.  Of  the  President.— '"The  President  shall  preside  at  all  meet- 
ings of  the  Society,  to  preserve  order  and  decorum  ;  and  may  fine  any 
member  acting  disorderly,  in  a  sum  not  exceeding  ten  dollars,  from 
whose  decision  the  member  incurring  the  fine  may  appeal  to  the  Society." 
January  4,  1897,  after  the  words  "ten  dollars,"  the  following  was  added: 
"but  the  member  incurring  the  fine  may  appeal  to  the  Society.  He 
[?.  e.,  the  President,]  shall  also  deliver  an  address  during  the  month  of 


426  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

December  of  each  year,  the  date  being  left  to  his  convenience.  He  shall 
at  the  commencement  of  each  year  appoint  essayists,  one  of  whom  shall 
read  a  paper  before  the  Society  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  each  month ; 
and  in  event  of  the  inability  of  any  such  essayist  to  so  do,  the  President 
shall  appoint  a  substitute  as  soon  as  practicable  after  becoming  aware  of 
such  inability." 

[Just  when  the  custom  began  of  having  the  retiring  President  give  a 
valedictory  address  it  is  impossible  to  state.  This  address  was  distinct 
from  the  annual  oration  which  was  given,  with  some  irregularity  as  to 
time,  by  some  member  elected  by  the  Societj-  for  the  purpose,  and  was 
rather  in  the  nature  of  an  anniversary  address,  though  not  alwaj's  so 
styled.  The  annual  address  in  January,  1852,  was  given  at  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution.  The  next  record  of  a  Presidential  address  appears  to 
have  been  March  8,  1865,  when  the  President  (Dr.  Liebermann)  was  re- 
quested to  make  an  address  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  oflSce.  We 
find  that,  January  3,  i865,  he  made  an  address  as  requested.  Apparently, 
although  President  again,  the  next  year  he  omitted  to  make  any  address, 
at  least  there  is  no  mention  of  his  having  done  so.  This  omission  was 
probably  the  reason  why  the  Society,  January  6,  1868,  made  an  order 
that  the  retiring  President  should  deliver  the  valedictory  address  on  the 
first  Wednesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  January,  that  is,  7iot  at  but  after 
the  annual  stated  meeting;  and  the  annual  festival  was  to  be  held  on  that 
day. 

[November  15,  1871,  however,  it  was  ordered  that  the  Presidential 
address  should  be  made  on  the  first  Monday  in  January,  at  the  stated 
meeting,  and  after  the  reading  of  the  minutes,  and  that  this  should  be  a 
precedent.  Accordingly,  January  i,  1S72,  Dr.  J.  M.  Toner,  who  was  the 
retiring  President,  made  an  address.  In  1897,  as  stated  above,  the 
President  was  required  to  give  his  address  in  December.  It  was  given 
in  December  in  1890  and  1891.     See  "Anniversaries."] 

The  following  members  have  served  as  President  :  Charles  Worthing- 
ton,  1S17-29;  Thomas  Sim,  1830-2  (he  died  during  his  last  term);  Fred- 
erick May,  1833-48  (he  also  died  during  his  last  term);  J.  C.  Hall,  1848- 
9;  Alexander  McWilliams,  Sr.,  1S50  ;  William  Jones,  185 1-8  ;  Joseph 
Borrows,  1859-61  and  1864  ;  there  was  no  election  during  1862  and  1863  ; 
Charles  H.  Liebermann,  1865-7:  Thomas  Miller,  1868-9;  William  P.  John- 
ston, 1870;  J.  M.  Toner,  1871;  Grafton  Tyler,  1872  ;  J.  E.  Morgan,  1873; 
Johnson  Eliot,  1874;  J.  W.  H.  Lovejoy,  1875;  N.  S.  Lincoln,  1876;  S.  C. 
Busey,  1877  and  1894  to  1899;  J.  Ford  Thompson,  1878;  D.  R.  Hagner, 
1879;  Louis  Mackall,  1880;  W^  G.  Palmer,  1881  ;  F.  A.  Ashford,  1882; 
A.  F.  A.  King,  1883;  A.  Y.  P.  Garnett,  1884  ;  W.  W.  Johnston,  1885  ;  C. 
H.  A.  Kleinschmidt,  1886;  J.  Taber  Johnson,  1887;  T.  C.  Smith,  1888; 
C.  E.  Hagner,  1889  ;  S.  M.  Burnett,  1890;  D.  W.  Prentiss,  1891  ;  William 
Lee,   1892  ;    G.  Wythe  Cook,   1893  ;   G.  N.  Acker,   1900 ;    D.  S.   Lamb, 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  427 

190 1  ;  S.  S.  Adams,  1902  ;  G.  M.  Kober,  1903  ;  C.  \V.  Richardson,  1904  ; 
T.  N.  McLaughlin,  1905  ;  J.  D.  Morgan,  1906  ;  D.  K.  Shute,  1907;  H.  D. 
Fry,  1908  ;  E.  A.  Balloch,  1909. 

By-laiv  2.  Of  the  Vice  Presidents  {/820). — "In  the  absence  of  the 
President  his  duty  shall  devolve  on  the  Vice  Presidents,  so  that  they 
shall  preside  alternately  at  such  meetings  of  the  Society.  And  if  neither 
the  President  nor  a  Vice  President  be  present,  a  chairman  shall  be  chosen 
from  the  members  attending,  who  shall  for  that  meeting  exercise  all  the 
privileges  and  duties  of  the  President." 

This  section  stands  just  as  printed  in  1820. 

The  Vice  Presidents  have  been  as  follows  :  Acker,  1890  and  1899  ;  S. 
S.Adams,  1900;  Antisell,  1865-8,  1878;  Wm.  Arnold,  1819;  F.  A.  Ash- 
ford.  1876;  Balloch,  1901;  J.  H.  Blake,  1817-19  ;  Bovee,  1896;  C.  Boyle, 
Sr.,  1S78;  Bryan,  1896;  Bulkley,  1875,  1S79;  Burnett,  iSSS  ;  Busey,  1871  ; 
W.  K.  Butler,  1907  ;  Causin,  1830,  1840  ;  Chappell,  1902  ;  Claytor,  1908  ; 
G.  Wythe  Cook,  1890,  1892;  Cutbush,  1821,  1824-5;  Dove,  i860;  J.  L. 
Eliot,  1893;  Elzey,  1S17-18;  H.  D.  Fry,  1889 ;  Garnett,  1877;  C.  E. 
Hagner.  1883,  1888;  D.  R.  Hagner,  1872-4;  J.  C.  Hall,  1846-7  ;  J.  B. 
Hamilton,  1886,  1891  ;    F.  Howard,   1869;    Huntt,  1834-5,  183S ;    Hyatt, 

1904  ;  J.  Taber  Johnson,  1894  ;  W.  P.  Johnston,  1867-8  ;  W.  W.  Johnston, 
1884;  Jones,  1850;  J.  T.  Kelley.  1908;  A.  F.  A.  King,  1877,  1880;  Klein- 
schmidt,  1882,  1885  ;  Kober,  1898 ;  D.  S.  Lamb,  1887  ;  F.  Leech,  1906 ; 
Lincoln,  1872;  H.  Lindsly,  1851,  1859;  Lovejoy,  1870;  Lovell,  1826; 
McArdle,  1889;  McLaughlin,  1895  ;  A.  McWilliams,  Sr.,  1834-5,  183S-9, 
1841-9;  L.  Mackall,  1869,  1875  ;  L.  Mackall,  Jr.,  1904;  G.  L.  Magruder, 
1895  ;  William  Marbury,  1S71  ;  Fred  May,  1819-20,  1822,  1825  ;  Thos. 
Miller,  1848,  1864-6;    E.  C.  Morgan,  1887  ;   J.  D.  Morgan,  1897  ;  Motter, 

1905  ;  Mundell,  1893  ;  J.  B.  Nichols,  1907  ;  Mary  Parsons,  1901  ;  Pool, 
1903;  D.  W.  Prentiss,  Sr.,  i88r,  18S3 ;  Reyburn,  1876,  1894;  C.  W. 
Richardson,  1898;  Joshua  Riley,  18^9,  1864;  Rosse,  1892;  Sewall,  1844- 
5  ;  Shands,  1902  ;  Shute,  1903;  Sim,  1827-8;  T.  C.  Smith,  1881  ;  Sowers, 
1899  ;  I.  S.  Stone,  1897  ;  W.  H.  Taylor,  1882,  1884-6 ;  J.  D.  Thomas, 
1905;  J-  Ford  Thompson,  1873-4;  William  Thornton,  1820,  1823;  J.  M. 
Toner,  1S70  ;  Triplett,  1S80  ;  John  Van  Renssalaer,  1909  ;  G.  T.  Vaughan, 
1909  ;  Warfield,  1830  ;  Wellington,  1906  ;  J.  T.  Winter,  1891  ;  Woodward, 
1900;  J.  T.  Young,  1879;  N.  Young,  1839,  1861. 

By-law  J.  Of  the  Corresponding  Secretary  (/5.?o).— "It  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary  to  manage  all  matters  of  correspond- 
ence in  behalf  of  the  Society  ;  to  give  notice  to  members  and  officers  of 
their  election;  to  write  and  answer  letters,  and  respectfully  to  solicit  from 
medical  societies,  faculties  and  individuals  information  calculated  to  ben- 
efit the  science  of  medicine;  all  which  correspondence  he  shall  lay  before 
the  Society  at  the  next  succeeding  stated  meeting." 

January  12,  1870,  there  was  added  after  the  word  "  meeting"  the  words 


428  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

"  and  shall  be  the  custodian  of  the  seal  of  the  Society."  The  section  was 
amended  January  7,  1884,  by  adding  the  following  :  "  Members  shall  be 
notified  by  mail  by  the  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  stated,  regular 
and  special  meetings  and  of  the  title  and  author  of  the  paper  to  be  read." 

November  19,  1890,  the  Society  ordered  that  the  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary should  furnish  each  member  of  the  Society  with  a  printed  list  of  the 
names  of  all  applicants  for  membership  at  least  two  days  prior  to  the  first 
Wednesday  in  April  and  October  of  each  year,  with  the  name  of  the  col- 
lege from  which  the  applicant  graduated  and  the  time  of  graduation. 

January  4,  1S97,  the  section  was  rewritten,  as  follows:  "  The  Corre- 
sponding Secretar}'  shall  conduct  the  correspondence  of  the  Society,  no- 
tify members  and  officers  of  their  election,  and  forward  by  mail  prior  to 
each  meeting,  to  each  member  entitled  to  attend,  a  notice  of  such  meet- 
ing, specifying  the  business  to  come  before  it  ;  he  shall  furnish  to  each 
member,  at  least  two  days  prior  to  the  first  Wednesday  in  April  and 
October  of  each  year,  a  printed  list  of  the  names  of  all  applicants  for 
membership,  with  the  name  of  the  college  from  which  each  applicant 
graduated  and  the  date  of  graduation.  He  shall  be  the  custodian  of  the 
seal  of  the  Society." 

The  Corresponding  Secretaries  have  been  as  follows  :  Antisell,  1864  ; 
Bohrer,  1S30  ;  Briscoe,  1872-4;  Causin,  1834-5,  183S  ;  G.  Wythe  Cook, 
1888;  Drinkard,  1870-1  ;  H.  P.  Howard,  1865;  Huntt,  1817-30;  William 
Lee,  part  of  1872;  Lovejoy,  1861,  part  of  1869;  McArdle,  1881;  McNally, 
1869;  J.  M.  Mackall,  1881-2  ;  Louis  Mackall,  1866-8;  G.  L.  Magruder, 
1876-7;  Thomas  Miller,  1844-7;  Ross,  1875;  Sewall,  1839-43;  T.  C. 
Smith,  1878-80,  1S83-7,  1889  to  1909;  Grafton  Tyler,  1848,  i860.  It  is 
not  known  who  served  in  1831-3,  1836-7,  1849-59  and  1862-3. 

By-laiv  4.  Of  the  Recording  Secretary  {/S20). — "  The  Recording  Sec- 
retary shall  attend  each  meeting  of  the  Society  ;  call  over  the  names  of 
the  members  and  take  down  the  minutes,  which  he  shall  read  at  the  next 
meeting  and  which,  when  corrected,  he  shall  copy  into  a  book  kept  for 
that  purpose,  and  to  which  entry  he  shall  sign  his  name.  He  shall  also 
insert  the  reports  of  committees  at  full  length  ;  he  shall  read  all  letters 
and  papers  relating  to  the  business  of  the  Society  which  do  not  particu- 
larly belong  to  the  department  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary,  and  tran- 
scribe into  a  proper  book  such  of  them  as  the  Society  maj'  think  worthy 
to  be  preserved.  He  shall  deliver  to  the  Treasurer  a  correct  statement 
of  the  fines  incurred  at  each  meeting.  If  he  should  be  unable  to  attend 
a  meeting  of  the  Society  he  shall  give  due  notice  of  it,  by  transmitting 
all  the  papers  required  at  the  meeting." 

January  4,  1897,  two  changes  were  made  ;  the  words  "  call  over  the 
names  of  members"  were  struck  out,  but  after  the  word  "  minutes"  was 
inserted  "including  the  names  of  those  present  "  The  words  "all  the 
papers  required  at  the  meeting"  were  changed  to  "to  the  meeting  all 
necessary  papers." 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA  429 

[Februarj'  6,  1895,  the  Society  created  the  office  of  "Assistant  Record- 
ing Secretary,"  with  a  moderate  salary.  His  duty  should  be  "to  make 
a  stenographic  report  of  all  medical  discussions,  and,  after  consultation 
with  the  members  concerned  therein,  to  make  the  necessary  corrections 
in  the  report;  these  to  be  verified  by  a  committee  consisting  of  the  Pres- 
ident, Recording  and  Assistant  Secretaries."  February  2,  1898,  the  As- 
sistant Recording  Secretary  resigned,  and  no  one  else  was  afterward 
elected.     The  only  person  who  ever  served  was  Dr.  H.  L.  Hayes.] 

The  following  members  served  as  Recording  Secretary  :  S.  S.  Adams, 
1887-9S;  J.  B.  Blake,  1826,  1834;  Borrows,  1841-7;  Causin,  1820-1;  Cutis, 
1886-7,  resigned;  Frye,  1848-51;  Thomas  Henderson,  1817-19,  1828; 
Holmead,  1854-5  ;  H.  P.  Howard,  1848,  resigned  ;  Richmond  Johnson, 
1834-5,  1838-9;  W.  W.  Johnston,  last  half  of  1870  and  first  part  1871,  re- 
signed ;  William  Jones,  1840  ;  A,  F.  A.  King,  1865-8,  resigned  ;  Klein- 
schmidt,  1871-81;  William  Lee,  1868-70,  resigned;  Lippitt,  1859-60;  Mc- 
Ardle,  1881-6,  resigned;  Macatee,  1905  to  1909;  F.  P.Morgan,  1899-1905, 
resigned  ;  W.  G.  Palmer,  1865,  resigned  ;  J.  C.  Riley,  1S56-8  ;  Saunders, 
1852-3;  W.  M.  Tucker,  1861-4;  Wilstach,  1824-7;  N.  W.  Worthington, 
1822-3.     It  is  not  known  who  served  in  1829-33. 

By-law  5.  Of  the  Treasurer  {/820). — "  The  Treasurer  shall  collect  all 
monies  (afterwards  spelled  moneys)  due  to  the  Society,  receive  all  do- 
nations of  money  which  shall  be  made  to  the  Society,  and  shall  pa)-^  the 
same  agreeably  to  order  certified  to  him  by  the  President,  Vice  President, 
or  member  who  was  in  the  chair  when  such  order  was  made.  He  shall 
keep  a  regular  account  of  all  monies  received  and  paid  by  him  as  afore- 
said ;  and  once  every  year,  or  oftener,  if  required  by  the  Society,  shall 
render  a  statement  of  the  funds  in  his  hands  and  of  the  disbursements  ; 
and  shall  deliver  up  to  his  successor  the  books  and  all  papers  belonging 
to  the  Society,  together  with  the  balance  of  cash  ;  and  for  the  faithful 
discharge  of  his  trust  shall  give  a  satisfactory  security  to  the  President 
within  one  month  after  being  appointed." 

October  i,  1861,  the  words  "  which  he  shall  deposit  in  bank  to  its 
credit"  were  inserted  after  the  words  "shall  be  made  to  the  Society;" 
and  "funds  in  bank"  were  substituted  for  "funds  in  his  hands." 

There  have  been  but  few  changes  in  the  treasurership.  The  following 
have  served  :  F.  A.  Ashford,  1871-4,  resigned  ;  Busey,  1850-4  ;  Johnson 
Eliot,  1848-9;  Franzoni,  1874  to  1909;  J.  C.  Hall,  1838-45;  William  Jones, 
1817-25,  1846-7;  H.  Lindsly,  1834-5;  William  Marbury,  1860-70;  T.  C. 
Scott,  1830  ;  A.  J.  Semmes,  1855-9  ;  Wilstach,  1826-7.  It  is  not  known 
who  served  in  1828-9,  1831-3  and  1836-7. 

By-law  6.  Of  the  Librarian  (/j'^o).— "  The  Librarian  shall  take  charge 
of  and  preserve  for  the  use  of  the  Society  all  property,  of  whatever  kind 
it  may  be,  money  excepted,  of  which  the  Societv  may  become  possessed, 
and  keep  a  correct  list  of  the  same,  together  with  the  respective  names  of 


430  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

the  donors,  in  a  book  provided  for  that  purpose,  which  book  shall  be  laid 
before  the  Society  as  often  as  called  for.  The  Librarian  shall  give  such 
a  receipt  for  everything  committed  to  his  care  or  charge  as  the  Society 
may  direct,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  shall  deliver  up  the  same  to  his 
successor." 

In  the  edition  of  1839  the  following  sentence  was  added  :  "  He  shall 
report  the  state  of  the  library  to  the  Society  at  the  annual  meeting  in 
each  year."    January  4,  1897,  the  word  state  was  changed  to  condition. 

The  following  members  have  served  as  Librarian  :  Craven,  1822-3  I 
Grayson,  1S60-1  ;  Gunnell,  1824-34;  Holmead,  1850-3  ;  F.  Howard,  1844- 
9;  A.  F.  A.  King,  1870-1  ;  Lovejoy,  1867-8;  Thomas  Miller,  1835.  1S38- 
43  ;  E.  L.  Morgan,  1893  to  1909  ;  J.  E.  Morgan,  1854-9  ;  Mundell,  18S4- 
92  ;  Patze,  1873-84,  resigned  ;  J.  C.  Riley,  1864-5  ;  J-  M.  Toner,  1866, 
1869,  1872;  Weightman,  1817-18;  N.  W.  Worthington,  1819-20.  It  is 
not  known  who  served  in  182 1  or  1836-7. 

By-law  7.  0/Coj/i>nittees  {/820).—"  The  mode  of  appointing  commit- 
tees shall  be  as  follows,  viz  :  The  President  shall  appoint  one  gentleman, 
who  shall  be  considered  as  chairman  of  the  committee  ;  he  shall  name 
the  second,  and  so  on,  until  the  number  agreed  on  shall  be  completed. 
But  if  the  business  be  of  an  extraordinary  or  important  nature,  any  mem. 
ber  may  move  that  the  committee  be  chosen  b}-  ballot,  which  shall  accord- 
ingly be  done.  The  chairman  of  every  committee  shall  appoint  a  time 
for  its  meeting  before  he  leaves  the  Society." 

In  the  1839  edition  this  section  became  S  instead  of  7  ;  and  was  entirely 
struck  out  January  10,  1866. 

January  4,  1897,  a  new  section  8  was  adopted,  entitled  "8.  Of  the 
Standing  Committees." 

' '  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Health  to  present  to 
the  Society  an  annual  report  upon  the  condition  of  the  public  health  in 
the  District  of  Columbia  during  the  calendar  year  preceding. 

"It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Committee  on  Legislation  to  discharge 
such  duties  pertaining  to  legislation  as  the  Society  may  direct. 

"  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Committee  on  Essaj-s  to  secure  and  arrange 
for  the  presentation  of  medical  essays  and  pathological  specimens." 

January  8,  1902,  the  Committee  on  Legislation  was  replaced  bj-  an  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  with  the  following  duties  :  "It  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  Executive  Committee  to  keep  informed  in  all  matters  concerning  the 
interests  of  the  medical  profession  generally  and  of  this  Society  and  its 
members  in  particular;  to  consider  such  resolutions  as  may  be  referred  to 
it  by  the  Society  ;  to  suggest  improvements  in  the  conduct  of  the  bus- 
iness of  the  Society;  to  consider  and  report  upon  matters  requiring  legis- 
lative action  ;  to  represent  the  Society  before  Congress  and  the  Com- 
missioners of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  to  report  its  operations  to  the 
Society  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion  may  require,  together  with  such 
recommendations  as  it  may  deem  proper." 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  43 1 

Executive  Committee.— Kc'k.&c  and  S.  S.  Adams,  1902-9  ;  R.  W.  Baker, 
1909 ;  E.  A.  Balloch,  1902-8  ;  Bovee,  1902-9 ;  G.  Wythe  Cook  and 
W.  B.  French,  1902-5  ;  Glazebrook,  1908-9 ;  Hickling,  1902-9 ;  W. 
W.Johnston,  1902;  Kober,  1902,  1904-7;  Louis  Mackall,  Jr.,  1906-9;  G. 
L.  Magruder,  1902-3  ;  J.  D.  Morgan,  1903-5,  1907-9  ;  W.  G.  Morgan, 
1902-6  ;  McLaughlin,  1902-4,  1906-9  ;  Neff,  1902-9  ;  Reisinger,  1903-9  ; 
C.  W.  Richardson,  1902-3,  1905-9;  Shute,  1906-7,  1909;  Sowers,  1902-7; 
J.  D.  Thomas,  1907-9;  Woodward,  1902-9. 

Committee  on  Public  Health. — Abbe,  1906-9  ;  Balloch,  1898-1900 ; 
Briggs,  1906-9 ;  Carr,  1895-7  ;  Chappell,  1895-1909  ;  Claytor,  1898-1901  ; 
J.  T.  Cole,  1902-3;  Deale,  1898;  Dowling,  1902  ;  Dye,  1906-9;  L.  Eliot, 
1902-3  ;  Erbach,  1901  ;  I.  J.  Heiberger,  1909  ;  Holden,  1898-1901  ; 
Hyatt,  1895-7  ;  G.  W.  Johnston,  1898-1901  ;  W.  W.  Johnston,  1895-7  ; 
R,  S.  Lamb,  1902,  1904-9  ;  D.  O.  Leech,  1895-7,  1899-1900  ;  Frank 
Leech,  1904-5  ;  McLain,  1901  ;  Mayfield,  1895-7  ;  J.  D.  Morgan,  1895-6  ; 
Rupert  Norton,  189S  ;  Robins,  1902-3 ;  S.  Ruffin,  1899-1901  ;  Sprigg, 
1904-5  ;  Stoutenburgh,  1902-3;  Wellington,  1904-5  ;  A.  A.  Wilson,  1902- 
8  ;  G.  W.  Wood,  1902-9;  W.  C.  Woodward,  1897-8. 

Committee  on  Legislation. — Busey,  1S95-9 ;  G.  Wythe  Cook,  1895- 
1901 ;  L.  Eliot,  1898;  Hickling,  1900-1 ;  W.W.Johnston,  1895-1901 ; 
Kleinschmidt  and  McLain,  1895-1900;  G.  L.  Magruder,  1895-1901 ;  W. 
G.  Morgan,  1900-1  ;  D.  W.  Prentiss,  1895;  Reyburn,  1895,  1899,  1900- 
1;  Sowers,  1895-9,  1901  ;  C.G.Stone,  1895-7;  Woodward,  1895-1901. 
The  President  of  the  Society  was  ex  officio  President  of  the  Committee. 

The  Committee  on  Essays  was  called  Committee  on  Evening  Arrange- 
ments in  1867-8  ;  the  following  served  on  it :  Drinkard,  x868  ;  Lovejo}-, 
1867 ;  Peter,  and  J.  Ford  Thompson,  1S67-8. 

From  1869  to  1909,  inclusive  (excepting  during  1875-8,  when  it  was 
called  Committee  on  Publication),  the  following  have  served:  S.  S. 
Adams,  1891  ;  Charles  Allen,  1869  ;  F.  A.  Ashford,  1870,  resigned  ;  Bal- 
loch, 1905-8;  N.  P.  Barnes,  1902-3,  1906-9;  W.  S.  Bowen,  1892;  Bryan, 
1888,  90-1,  95  ;  Busey,  1869-71  ;  G.  Wythe  Cook,  1883-92;  L.  Eliot,  1892; 
Ford,  1870;  H.  D.  Fry,  1889;  Griffith,  1902-3;  C.  E.  Hagner,  1873-4, 
80;  Hartigan,  1879;  J.  T.  D.  Howard,  1893  ;  P.  C.  Hunt,  1909;  W.  W. 
Johnston,  1870-2;  A.  F.  A.  King,  1869-70,  73-4,  79,  81;  William  Lee, 
1871  ;  McLaughlin,  1904;  L.  Mackall,  1872;  Murphy,  1880,  82 ;  ISIary 
Parsons,  1898-1901;  Pool,  1893-1901;  D.W.Prentiss,  Sr.,  1879;  SchaefTer, 
1881  ;  Shute,  1904-5;  T.  C.  Smith,  1884-91,  93-1909  I  Stanton,  18S0  ;  W. 
H.  Taylor,  1882-5,  resigned;  B.  Thompson,  1872-4;  Triplett,  1880;  R. 
Walsh,  1881  ;  Woodward,  1894,  96-7. 

By-law  7.  Board  of  Examiners.  Edition  of  i8sg. — This  new  section 
7  appears  in  the  1839  edition:  "A  Board  of  Examiners,  consisting  of  five 
resident  members,  shall  be  elected  by  ballot  at  each  annual  meeting, 
whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  grant  licenses,  upon  the  payment  of  five  dollars. 


432  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

to  such  medical  and  chirurgical  gentlemen  as  they  may,  upon  a  full  ex- 
amination, judge  qualified  to  practice  the  medical  and  chirurgical  arts. 
No  one  shall  be  admitted  to  an  examination  until  he  shall,  in  conformity 
with  the  requisitions  of  the  charter,  produce  a  diploma  from  some  respect- 
able medical  college  or  society,  and  shall  furnish  satisfactory  evidence 
that  he  has  studied  physic  and  surgery  three  years,  including  one  full 
course  of  medical  lectures  as  usually  taught  at  the  medical  schools,  or 
four  years  without  such  a  course  of  lectures.  A  majority  of  the  Board 
shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  business,  and  the  senior  practitioner  shall 
be  chairman.  Any  one  of  the  Examiners  may  grant  temporary  licenses 
to  practice  during  the  intervals  of  the  meetings  of  the  Board.  The  Board 
shall  keep  a  record  of  its  proceedings,  to  be  reported  to  the  Society  at  its 
annual  meeting." 

This  section  is  in  accord  with  each  charter,  sections  3,  4  and  5.  The 
edition  of  1820  does  not  contain  any  corresponding  provision  in  the  by- 
laws, perhaps  because  the  charter  so  fully  covers  the  subject. 

In  the  edition  of  1867  the  word  five  (dollars)  is  changed  to  ten.  Jan- 
uary 15,  1868,  after  the  words  "  course  of  lectures"  were  added  the  words 
"  provided  always  that  nothing  in  this  article  shall  be  construed  so  as  to 
imply  that  practitioners  thus  licensed  shall  be  de  facto  members  of  the 
Society."  July  8,  1868,  the  words  "and  shall  furnish"  were  changed  to 
"or  shall  furnish."  January  12,  1870,  the  words  "no  one  shall  be  admit- 
ted to  an  examination"  were  changed  to  "  no  one  shall  receive  a  license  ;" 
after  the  words  "  such  a  course  of  lectures"  were  added  "  and  shall  have 
passed  a  satisfactory  examination  before  the  Board  of  Examiners;"  in- 
stead of  "the  senior  practitioner  shall  be  chairman,"  appeared  "and 
shall  elect  their  own  chairman  ;"  the  sentence  authorizing  the  granting 
of  temporary  licenses  was  struck  out  and  the  following  was  inserted  : 
"The  Board  shall  meet  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  every  month,  at  such 
hour  and  place  as  they  may  determine." 

January  4,  1897,  in  view  of  the  passage  by  Congress  of  a  Licensing 
Act,  this  section  had  become  inoperative,  and  was  therefore  struck  out. 

The  following  served  on  the  Board  of  Examiners  :  Acker,  1886-96  ;  S. 
S.  Adams,  1887-96 ;  Antisell,  1869,  resigned  ;  F.  A.  Ashford,  1870,  78  ; 
Austin,  1853-4;  J.  S.  Beale,  1877;  Bohrer,  1827-34;  Borrows,  1838,  50-2, 
65;  W.  S.  Bovven,  1893-6;  C.  Boyle,  Sr.,  1858-61,  75;  Bulkley,  1872-4,  77; 
Busey,  1872,  resigned  ;  Causin,  1820,  30  ;  A.  C.  Christie,  1872  ;  George 
Clarke,  1820,  22  ;  G.  Wythe  Cook,  1889  ;  Cutbush,  1820-1  ;  Cutts,  1887, 
resigned  ;  Dove,  1859  ;  J-  Eliot,  t86o-i,  65,  67,  69,  72;  L.  Eliot,  1890-2  ; 
Fairfax,  1839;  Ford,  1870-1;  H.  D.  Fry,  1884,  6-8;  Garnett,  1853-61,  68, 
78;  C.  E.  Hagner,  1875-7  ;  D.  R.  Hagner,  1864,  67-8,  70-1,  75-6;  J.  C. 
Hall,  1838-9,  1850-2;  Hartigan,  1878-81,  85;  T.  Henderson,  1822,  25;  F. 
Howard,  1851-5,72;  Hyatt,  1881-2  ;  H.  L.  E.  Johnson,  1889-92;  J.  T. 
Johnson,   1878-80,  82-85  ;    W.  P.  Johnston,  1844-9,  60 ;    William  Jones, 


DISTRICT     OF     COI<UMBIA  433 

1S26,  184S-9;  A.  F.  A.  King,  1869,  73-6;  Kleinschmidt,  1879-81,  83-5, 
87-96;  Liebermann,  1856-61,  64-5;  H.  Lindsly,  1838,  40-50,  6r,  66;  Lov- 
ell,  1822,  25,  34-5  ;  Lovejoy,  1866,  68,  73-4  ;  McArdle,  1882-8;  S.  A.  H. 
McKim,  1867;  Iv.  Mackall,  Sr.,  1865,  70-1  ;  G.  L.  Magruder,  1881-3;  G. 
W.  May,  1826;  Fred  May,  1819;  J.  F.  May,  1840-7;  T.  Miller,  1850-9;  E. 
C.  Morgan,  1886;  J.  E.  Morgan,  1866,  69,  72;  Murphy,  1877-8,  resigned; 
Ober,  1893-6  ;  W.  G.  Palmer,  1864,  70-1,  79-80;  D.  C.  Patterson,  1881-5; 
Peter,  1873-4  ;  D.  W.  Prentiss,  1878-80  ;  J.  C.  Riley,  1869;  J.  Riley,  1827- 
35;  T.  C.  Scott,  1827,  30  ;  T.  Semmes,  1819  ;  Sewall,  1830,  35,  38-9  ;  ShaafF, 
1819;  Sim,  1819-21,  23;  T.  C.  Smith,  1877;  Staughton,  1825-7;  R-  K. 
Stone,  1855-7;  J-  M.  Thomas,  1840-9  ;  B.  Thompson,  1871-5;  J.  F.  Thomp- 
son, 1866-9;  J-  M.  Toner,  1864-5,  67;  Triplett,  1875-6;  G.  Tyler,  1864, 
66;  L.Tyler,  1886;  Warfield,  1820,  26;  Washington,  1824,  30,35;  C. 
Worthington,  1819  ;  N.  W.  Worthington,  1834-5,  38-43;  J.  T.  Young, 
1876  ;  N.  Young,  1839-58. 

By-law  S.  Of  the  Board  of  Censors.  Edition  of  i8jo. — This  section 
was  adopted  January  12,  1870.  "  To  the  Board  of  Censors  shall  be  refer- 
red the  name  of  every  person  nominated  for  election  as  resident  member 
or  honorary  member  of  the  Society,  and  no  election  for  resident  member 
or  honorary  member  shall  be  held  until  the  said  Board,  after  due  inves- 
tigation, shall  report  to  the  Society  upon  the  character  and  qualifications 
of  the  person  so  referred.  All  charges  of  unprofessional  or  ungentle- 
manly  conduct  made  to  the  Society  against  any  member  shall  also  be 
referred  to  this  Board,  who  shall  report  thereupon." 

January  4,  1897,  the  wording  of  the  section  was  changed  to  read  as  fol- 
lows :  "To  the  Board  of  Censors  shall  be  referred  the  name  of  every  per- 
son nominated  for  election  to  any  class  of  membership  ;  said  Board,  after 
due  investigation,  shall  report  to  the  Society,  on  the  night  fixed  for  elec- 
tion, upon  the  qualifications  of  each  person  so  referred,  and  no  name 
shall  be  voted  upon  until  such  report  has  been  received.  All  charges  of 
unprofessional  or  ungentlemanly  conduct  made  to  the  Society  against 
any  member  shall  be  referred  to  this  Board  for  investigation  and  report." 

[Note.— Although  there  was  no  provision  for  Censors  in  the  charters  or 
constitution  or  the  by-laws  of  the  Society  before  1870,  there  were  Censors 
in  its  early  years.  Toner  (1866)  says:  "It  is  perhaps  to  be  regretted 
that  the  oflSce  of  Censors  in  the  Society  has  been  discontinued.  For 
many  years  three  Censors  were  annually  elected,  whose  duties  were  sim- 
ilar to  those  at  present  performed  by  the  Censors  of  the  Medical  Asso- 
ciation of  the  District,  but  in  addition  they  also  acted  as  the  nominating 
committee  for  licentiates  desiring  to  become  members  of  the  Society."] 

The  following  have  served  on  the  Board  of  Censors  :    Acker,  1884-5, 

1897-8;  S.  S.  Adams,  1899;  Antisell,  1877;  Bohrer,  1819-20,  23  ;  Borrows, 

1873-4,  Bov^e,  1902;  Bromwell,  1887;  G.  A.Brown,  1819-20,  23;  Bulkley, 

1882  ;  Busey,  1873,  78  ;  Chappell,  1901  ;   G.  Wythe  Cook,  1885-7,  91.  99- 

28 


434  MEDICAI^    SOCIETY 

1900,  02;  Deale,  1903-9;  J.  Eliot,  1875-81  ;  Fenwick,  1882;  W.  B.  French, 
1897-1900;  Friedrich,  1888,  1901;  Garnett,  1876;  Glazebrook,  1901  ;  D. 
R.  Hagner,  1883;  F.  R.  Hagner,  1903-9  ;  C.  M.  Hammett,  1888 ;  Heiber- 
ger,  1901 ;  Hoehling,  1883  ;  Holden,  1886-7;  J-  T.  Howard,  1888;  Hyatt, 
1886;  E.  F.  King,  1893-7,  resigned;  Kleinschmidt,  1897-1900;  D,  O. 
Leech,  1901-9 ;  Liebermann,  1871-5  ;  Lovejoy,  1876;  McArdle,  1891-2  ; 
McLaughlin,  1900-2:  L.  Mackall,  1872;  G.  W.  May,  1819-20,23;  T. 
Miller,  1870-3  ;  Moran,  1902-9 ;  J,  E.  Morgan,  1875,  77-81  ;  Murphy, 
1879-81;  Ober,  1889-90;  C.  W.  Richardson,  1891-1900  ;  Richey,  1882-4; 
Schaeffer,  1884-5;  J-  F.Thompson,  i87o-r;  J.  M.  Toner,  1874;  Wall, 
1903-9;  J.  T.  Winter,  1889-90,  92-8;    N.  W.  Worthington,  1819-20,  22. 

By-hnv  S.  Of  Motions  {1S20'). — "Any  member  may  make  whatever 
motion  he  thinks  will  tend  to  the  benefit  of  the  Society  ;  his  proposal  or 
motion  must  be  given  to  the  President  in  writing  ;  and  it  shall  be  imme- 
diately voted  or  balloted  for,  unless  a  majority  of  the  members  present 
wish  it  to  lie  over  for  consideration.  In  either  case  it  shall  be  recorded 
on  the  minutes  of  the  Society." 

In  the  edition  of  1839,  this  section  became  9  instead  of  8.  January  4, 
1897,  the  wording  of  the  first  part  of  this  section  was  changed  as  follows  : 
"  Every  motion  must  be  given  to  the  President  in  writing,  and  shall  be 
immediately  discussed  and  voted  on  unless,"  etc. 

July  I,  1901,  the  wording  of  the  first  part  was  again  changed  to  read 
"  Every  motion  must  be  given  to  the  President,  and  at  his  discretion  the 
mover  may  be  required  to  put  the  motion  in  writing,  and  it  shall  be 
immediately  discussed,"  etc. 

By-lazu  g.  Of  the  Order  of  Debate  {1S20). — "No  member  shall  inter- 
rupt the  President,  or  any  other  member,  while  speaking  ;  every  member 
shall  stand  while  speaking,  and  address  himself  to  the  President." 

This  section,  which  became  No.  10  in  the  edition  of  1839,  was  struck 
out  January  4,  1897. 

By-law  JO.  Of  Decortini  {1S20). — "  No  member  or  members  shall  be 
permitted  to  sit  or  stand  with  his  or  their  heads  covered." 

This  section  became  No.  11  in  the  edition  of  1S39  ;  was  struck  out  Jan- 
uary 4,  1897. 

By-law  10.  Of  Essays  and  Discussions.  Edition  of  i8gj. — January  4, 
1897,  the  following  section  was  adopted  : 

"Men  eminent  in  medicine,  not  exceeding  four  in  number,  may  be 
invited  annually  to  address  the  Society  ;  the  invitation  to  be  made  by  a 
committee  consisting  of  the  President,  the  Corresponding  Secretary  and 
the  Recording  Secretary,  and  with  the  approval  of  the  Society.  (Orig- 
inally adopted  February  6,  1895.) 

"No  papers,  essays,  histories  of  cases  or  pathological  specimens  shall 
be  read  or  presented  to  the  Society  for  discussion  if  such  papers,  essays, 
histories  or  specimens  have  been  read  or  presented  to  any  other  Society, 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  435 

or  published  or  offered  for  publication  in  any  medical  journal.  (Origin- 
ally adopted  February  25,  1891.) 

"The  discussion  of  any  paper  or  pathological  specimen,  read  or  pre- 
sented at  a  meeting  of  the  Society  shall  not  be  continued  to  a  subsequent 
meeting,  except  by  an  affirmative  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  members 
present." 

January  13,  1904,  the  vv^ords  "  members  present"  were  changed  to 
' '  votes  cast. ' ' 

July  I,  1907,  the  following  amendments  were  adopted  : 

"That  no  paper  read  before  the  Society  be  allowed  to  consume  more 
than  twenty  minutes  in  its  delivery,  and  that  the  presentation  of  a  case 
or  of  a  pathological  specimen  be  not  allowed  to  consume  more  than  ten 
minutes;  that  in  the  discussion  of  a  paper,  case  or  specimen,  no  member 
be  allowed  to  speak  more  than  ten  minutes  or  to  speak  more  than  once, 
except  the  member  reading  the  paper  or  presenting  the  case  or  specimen, 
who  is  entitled  to  close  the  discussion,  and  except  in  cases  in  which  the 
regulation  is  waived  by  vote  of  the  Society:  Provided,  that  the  foregoing 
restrictions  do  not  apply  to  invited  guests  of  the  Society. 

"That  every  member  desiring  to  publish  elsewhere  than  in  the 
Washington  Medical  Annals  any  paper  that  he  has  read  before  the 
Society,  be  required,  unless  he  publishes  his  paper  in  regular  order  in  the 
Annals,  to  furnish  to  the  Editorial  Committee  an  abstract  of  said  paper 
within  two  weeks  after  it  has  been  read." 

By-law  II.  Attendance  of  Meetings  {1820). — "No  member  shall  be 
permitted  to  retire  after  calling  his  name,  without  permission  from  the 
President,  until  the  Society  have  adjourned."* 

In  the  edition  of  1839  this  section  became  No.  13  ;  January  12,  1870, 
the  word  t/iewas  inserted  before,  and  i?/" after  calling,  and  lias  was  substi- 
tuted for  /lave.     January  4,  1897,  the  section  was  struck  out. 

By-law  12.  Of  a  Quorum  {1820). — "At  each  meeting  of  the  Society 
any  number,  not  less  than  seven,  shall  constitute  a  quorum." 

In  the  edition  of  1839  this  section  became  No.  13.  The  minimum 
number,  seven,  was  provided  in  the  charters.  January  4,  1897,  the  word- 
ing was  changed  to  read  "At  the  meetings  of  the  Society  seven  active 
members  shall  constitute  a  quorum,"  July  i,  1907,  the  number  was  in- 
creased to  fifteen. 

By-law  13.  Of  Visitors  (1820). — "Medical  men,  or  men  learned  in  the 
collateral  branches  of  the  science,  on  a  visit  to  the  District  of  Columbia, 
not  members  of  this  Society,  may  be  permitted  to  attend  meetings,  on  be- 
ing introduced  by  a  member  of  the  Society." 

This  section  became  No.  14  in  the  edition  of  1839  ;  January  4,  1897,  it 

*The  only  record  of  a  fine  ever  having  been  imposed  is  that  of  February  19,  1S6S  ; 
Johnson  Eliot  was  fined  by  the  President  fifty  cents  for  retiring  without  permission. 
Those  who  knew  Dr.  Eliot  personally  will  appreciate  the  humor  of  the  circumstance. 


436  MEDICAL     SOCIETY 

was  made  No.  12,  and  was  changed  to  read  "Non-resident  medical  men 
and  candidates  for  membership  may  be  permitted  to  attend  the  regular 
meetings  on  being  introduced  by  an  active  member." 

By-law  14.  Routine  0/  Business  {1820). — "  At  each  meeting  of  the  So- 
ciety, as  soon  as  the  President  takes  the  chair  and  the  meeting  is  consti- 
tuted, the  following  shall  be  the  order  of  proceeding  :  First,  the  roll  shall 
be  called.  Second,  the  minutes  shall  be  read.  Third,  the  election  of 
candidates  for  membership.  Fourth,  nomination  of  candidates  for  mem- 
bership. Fifth,  Report  of  Treasurer.  Sixth,  reports  of  committees. 
Seventh,  reports  of  the  Corresponding  Secretarj'.  Eighth,  medical 
papers  and  essays  read  or  presented  for  consideration." 

This  section  became  No.  15  in  the  edition  of  1839 ;  in  1866  it  became 
No.  14  again,  and  the  order  was  amended  by  inserting  as  "  eighth.  Mis- 
cellaneous business."  January  12,  1870,  the  section  was  made  No.  15, 
and  the  following  was  adopted  as  the  order  : 

"  At  each  regular  meeting  of  the  Society,  as  soon  as  the  President  takes 
the  chair  and  the  meeting  is  constituted,  the  following  shall  be  the  order 
of  proceeding  :  First,  the  minutes  shall  be  read.  Second,  the  election 
of  candidates  for  membership  (at  the  first  regular  meetings  in  April  and 
October).  Third,  nomination  of  candidates  for  membership  (at  the 
stated  meetings).  Fourth,  report  of  Treasurer  (at  the  first  regular  meet- 
ing in  each  month).  Five,  reports  of  committees.  Six,  report  of  Cor- 
responding Secretary.  Seven,  miscellaneous  business.  Eight,  Patholo- 
gical specimens.  Nine,  unfinished  debates  on  medical  papers.  Ten, 
medical  papers  and  essays  read  or  presented  for  consideration. 

"All  meetings  of  the  Society  shall  commence  at  8  o'clock  P.  M, 

"  By  a  rule  of  the  Society  [adopted  January  23,  1865],  thirty  minutes 
are  allowed  for  all  items  in  this  routine  of  business  up  to  the  eighth. 

"The  regular  business  of  the  stated  meetings  shall  not  be  suspended 
for  the  consideration  of  anj'  other  matter;  and  if  such  business  shall  not 
be  concluded  at  the  meeting  on  the  first  Monday  in  January  or  the  first 
Monday  in  July  the  stated  meeting  may  be  adjourned  from  day  to  day  or 
from  week  to  week  until  that  business  is  finished,  when  the  stated  meet- 
ing shall  close  and  the  regular  meeting  may  commence.  The  regular 
meetings  shall  be  held  on  Wednesday  of  each  week."  (This  last  sentence 
was  adopted  by  the  Society  January  23,  1865,  and  again  January  12,  1870.) 

January  4,  1897,  this  section  was  made  13  instead  of  15,  and  was  much 
changed  in  wording  throughout  :  "The  regular  meetings  of  the  Society 
shall  be  held  on  Wednesday  of  each  week,  when  the  order  of  business 
shall  be  as  follows  : 

"First,  introduction  of  visitors.  Second,  reading  of  the  minutes. 
Third,  election  of  candidates  for  active  membership  (at  the  first  regular 
meetings  in  April  and  October).  Fourth,  report  of  Treasurer  (at  the 
first  regular  meeting  in  each  month).     Fifth,  report  of  Corresponding 


DISTRICT    OF    COIvUMBIA  437 

Secretary.  Sixth,  reports  of  Committees.  Seventh,  miscellaneous  busi- 
ness. Eighth,  pathological  specimens.  Ninth,  essay  for  the  month,  on 
evening  assigned.  Tenth,  unfinished  debates  on  medical  papers.  Elev- 
enth, medical  papers  and  essays. 

"Only  the  business  parts  of  the  minutes  shall  be  read,  together  with 
the  title  of  papers  and  specimens  read  or  presented,  and  the  names  of 
members  engaged  in  their  discussion.  (Adopted  February  6,  1S95.)  Not 
more  than  thirty  minutes  shall  be  allowed  for  the  transaction  of  all  busi- 
ness under  articles  numbered  i  to  7,  inclusive. 

"  The  order  of  business  at  an}'  regular  meeting  shall  not  be  suspended 
except  by  an  affirmative  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  active  members  present. 

"The  order  of  business  at  stated  ineetings  shall  be  as  follows:  First, 
reading  of  the  minutes  of  the  previous  stated  meeting.  Second,  nomina- 
tion of  candidates  for  membership.  Third,  reports  of  officers.  Fourth, 
reports  of  committees.  Fifth,  election  of  officers  and  censors.  Sixth, 
miscellaneous  business. 

"The  regular  business  of  the  stated  meetings  shall  not  be  suspended 
for  the  consideration  of  any  other  matter,  and  if  such  business  be  not 
concluded  on  the  first  Monday  in  January  or  the  first  Monday  in  July 
such  meeting  may  be  adjourned  from  day  to  day  or  from  week  to  week 
until  that  business  is  finished  ;  nor  shall  the  order  of  business  be  sus- 
pended except  by  an  affirmative  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  pres- 
ent. 

"All  regular  and  stated  meetings  shall  begin  at  8  o'clock  P.  M."* 

But  few  parliamentary  rules  were  adopted  by  the  Society  until  1867, 
when,  May  8th,  a  committee,  consisting  of  the  President,  Secretary  and 
Harvey  Lindsly,  was  appointed  to  select  from  Jefferson's  Manual  and  the 
Rules  of  the  House  of  Representatives  such  rules  as  applied  to  the  Soci- 
ety. May  15th,  the  committee  reported  a  series  of  twenty  rules,  and 
May  22d  these  were  adopted  by  the  Society.  Just  what  they  were  does 
not  appear. 

February  i,  1 871,  it  was  ordered  that  a  manual  of  parliamentary  law 
should  be  procured  and  placed  in  the  library,  but  which  manual  was 
selected  is  not  stated. 

January  13,  1904,  the  following  changes  were  made  :  "  affirmative  vote 
of  two-thirds  of  the  active  members  present"  to  "  concurrence  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  votes  cast ;"  and  "affirmative  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the 
members  present"  in  the  same  way. 

By-law  15.  0/ A?inual  Contributions  (/.^i-o).— "  Each  resident  mem- 
ber shall  pay  annually  to  the  Treasurer  the  sum  of  three  dollars,  for  the 
use  of  the  Society  ;  which  funds  in  the  first  place  shall  be  appropriated 
to  defray  the  current  expenses  of  the  Society,  and  the  surplus  shall  be 

*May  18,  1887,  the  chair  (J.  Taber  Johnson)  decided  that  one-fifth  of  the  members 
present  were  necessary  to  call  yeas  and  nays. 


438  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

expended  in  purchasing  medical  books,  under  the  direction  of  a  commit- 
tee appointed  for  the  special  purpose." 

In  the  edition  of  1839  the  number  was  changed  to  16,  the  title  simply 
"  of  Contributions,"  and  the  wording  as  follows  :  "The  expenses  of  the 
Societ}'  shall  be  defrayed  by  the  fees  paid  into  the  treasury,  and  by  special 
assessments  made  upon  the  resident  members  from  time  to  time  as  occa- 
sion maj'  require  ;  and  any  member  who  shall  neglect  to  pay  his  assess- 
ment for  three  years,  except  in  case  of  absence  from  the  District,  shall 
forfeit  his  membership." 

January  12,  1870,  the  words  "any  member"  became  "any  resident 
member,"  and  the  number  of  the  section  15  ;  number  16  in  1894  ;  14  in 
1S97.     The  editions  of  1S82  et  seq.  say  two  instead  of  three  years. 

Januar}'  4,  1897,  the  section  was  changed  to  read  "The  expenses  of  the 
Society  shall  be  defrayed  by  an  annual  assessment  upon  the  active  mem- 
bers and  by  special  assessments  made  from  time  to  time  as  occasion  may 
require  ;  and  any  member  who  shall  neglect  to  pa}'  any  such  assessment 
for  two  years  shall  forfeit  his  membership." 

Inasmuch  as  the  expense  of  keeping  up  the  Society  must  be  provided 
for  in  some  waj',  this  Society  at  first  established  a  yearly  dues  as  the 
means  of  defraying  expenses.  In  1819  it  fixed  the  annual  dues  at  $3.00  ; 
this  would  appear  a  large  sum  for  a  Society  having  only  four  meetings  a 
year,  even  though  the  membership  was  small,  and  therefore  greater  per 
capita;  but  the  dues  were  intended  also  to  buy  books,  that  is,  such  sum  as 
remained  after  paying  other  expenses. 

It  is  presumed  that  this  method  continued  until  1839,  when  the  second 
charter  was  granted  ;  there  is  no  record  to  the  contrary.  In  1839  it  was 
provided  that  the  expenses  should  be  defrayed  by  the  fees  {i.  e.,  fees  re- 
ceived from  the  Board  of  Examiners),  and  special  assessments  should  be 
made  when  needed.  This  regulation  continued  unchanged  until  1897, 
when  the  Board  expired  by  law  and  fees  from  that  source  ceased.  It  was 
then  provided  that  the  expenses  should  be  defrayed  by  annual  assess- 
ments and  by  special  assessments  when  needed. 

From  time  to  time  one  or  more  members  were  exempted  from  assess- 
ments, usually  those  who  had  been  members  a  long  time,  or  some  other 
good  reason  seemed  to  justify  such  exemption.  Under  the  rule  such 
members  if  they  failed  to  pay  assessments  would  have  been  dropped. 
Sometimes  new  members  were  exempted  for  the  year  in  which  they  were 
elected.  At  one  time,  November  15,  1865,  the  Society  ordered  that  mem- 
bers who  were  not  practicing,  those  who  were  out  of  the  city,  and  those 
who  had  become  members  during  the  year,  should  be  exempted.  Again, 
February  7,  1866,  exemption  was  given  to  new  members  and  those  not 
practicing.  February  6,  1867,  it  was  ordered  that  new  members  elected 
during  the  year  should  pay  only  so  much  of  the  yearl}'  fee  as  corresponded 
to  the  portion  of  the  year  remaining    from  the  time  of  their  election. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  439 

March  4,  1868,  it  was  ordered  that  members  not  practicing  and  members 
elected  during  the  year  should  be  exempted,  and  that  a  member  who  had 
removed  from  the  city  and  afterward  returned  should  be  exempted  for 
the  year  in  which  he  returned.  February  3,  1869,  members  elected  dur- 
ing the  year  and  those  who  removed  and  returned  as  just  stated,  were 
exempted.  January  6,  1873,  members  elected  during  the  year  were  ex- 
empted. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  up  to  the  year  186S,  at  least,  it  was  cus- 
tomary, with  more  or  less  regularity  as  to  time,  to  collect  the  assessments 
through  some  one  member  who  lived  in  the  "  ward  ;"  and  as  there  were 
seven  wards  in  Washington  and  two  in  Georgetown,  and  there  was  the 
"county"  besides,  these  ten  members  made  the  collections. 

February  3,  1875,  it  was  ordered  that  members  dropped  for  non-pay- 
ment of  dues  should  be  required  to  pay  up  all  arrears  and  apply  again  for 
membership.  This  action  had  already  been  taken  in  the  case  of  S.  S. 
Bond.  The  same  question  again  arose  March  20,  1878,  and  Dr.  Busey 
recalled  the  order  just  mentioned.  But  Noble  Young  thought  it  would 
be  better  to  have  legal  advice  as  to  how  far  the  Society  as  a  chartered 
body  could  deprive  a  man  of  his  membership.  April  9,  1884,  Vice  Presi- 
ident  Taylor  decided  that  a  member  dropped  for  any  cause  would  need 
to  go  through  the  usual  forms  before  reinstatement. 

November  5,  1S84,  in  the  case  of  O.  M.  Muncaster,  reinstated,  and  who 
had  paid  f  r.oo  initiation  fee,  the  Society  ordered  the  money  refunded. 

October  28,  1885,  another  question  arose.  J.  C.  Bird,  who  had  been 
elected  but  had  not  signed  the  constitution  and  was  dropped  for  non- 
payment of  dues,  contended  that  not  having  signed  he  was  not  therefore 
a  member,  and  therefore  could  not  be  dropped.  The  Society,  however, 
decided  that  he  must  again  make  formal  application  for  membership. 

By-law  16. — No  section  of  this  number  in  the  edition  of  1820. 

By-law  17.  Amendfuenls.— There  was  no  provision  for  amendments  in 
the  edition  of  1820  ;  in  the  year  1839  appears  the  following :  "  The  pre- 
ceding constitutional  ordinance  and  by-laws,  being  adopted  for  the  future 
regulation  of  the  Society,  all  others  not  contained  in  this  summary  are 
hereby  repealed  ;  and  all  propositions  for  altering  the  foregoing  shall  lay 
over  for  one  stated  meeting  at  least  before  being  acted  upon." 

January  12,  1870,  the  wording  after  the  word  "foregoing"  was  changed 
to  read  "Constitution  or  by-laws  shall  be  made  at  one  stated  meeting 
and  shall  not  be  taken  up  for  action  until  the  next  stated  meeting ;  and 
such  proposed  amendments  shall  be  read  by  the  Recording  Secretary  at 
each  of  the  last  three  regular  meetings  preceding  the  stated  meeting  at 
which  such  action  is  to  be  had." 

January  4,  1897,  the  number  of  the  section  became  15,  and  the  wording 
was  again  changed  to  read:  "The  preceding  constitution  and  by-laws 
being  adopted  for  the  future  regulation  of  the  Society,  all  rules  and  regu- 


440  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

lations  not  contained  therein  are  hereby  repealed  ;  all  propositions  for 
altering  the  same  shall  be  made  at  one  stated  meeting  and  shall  not  be 
taken  up  for  action  until  the  next  stated  meeting  ;  and  a  copy  of  such 
proposed  amendments  shall  be  sent  to  each  active  member  by  mail,  with 
the  notice  of  the  meeting  at  which  they  are  to  be  acted  upon." 

By-law  i8.  Edition  of  1SS2. — "  The  routine  of  business  of  the  regular 
meetings  shall  not  be  suspended  except  b}'  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the 
members  present."  January  4,  1897,  this  was  incorporated  in  section  13, 
and  was  therefore  struck  out  as  a  separate  section. 


The  following  have  served  as  Vice  Presidents  of  the  Washington  Acad- 
einy  of  Sciences,  representing  the  Medical  Society  :  S.  S.  Adams,  1902-3, 
1905;  Balloch,  1909;  Busey,  1899-1901,  died;  H.  D.  Fry,  1908;  W.  W. 
Johnston,  1901-2,  died;  J.  D.  Morgan,  1906;  C.  W.  Richardson,  1904;  D. 
K.  Shute,  1907. 

Special  Committees. — The  following  served  as  a  special  committee  on 
Medical  History  and  Statistics,  appointed  March  24,  1869  :  J.  M.  Toner, 
William  Lee,  W.  W.  Johnston,  D.  W.  Prentiss,  Ford,  W.  E.  Roberts, 
Croggon,  Peter  and  Busey. 

The  following  have  served  on  the  Committee  on  Library :  May  10, 
1869,  Antisell,  Drinkard,  W.  P.  Johnston,  Louis  Mackall,  Liebermann  ; 
May  9,  1870,  William  Marbury,  Mackall  and  Liebermann  ;  1909,  J.  T. 
Howard;  1904-8,  D.  S.  Lamb;  1904-9,  E.  L.  Morgan;  1904-5,  F.  P.  Mor- 
gan; and  1906-8,  D.  G.  Smith. 

Committee  on  Publication — The  first  committee  consisted  of  J.  H. 
Thompson,  J.  F.  Thompson  and  William  Lee,  appointed  in  1869. 

From  TS75  to  1878,  inclusive,  the  Committee  on  Essays  was  called  the 
Committee  on  Publication.  The  following  served  on  the  committee  : 
Busey,  1875,  resigned;  W.  W.  Johnston,  1875-6;  A.  F.  A.  King,  1875, 
resigned  ;  Kleinschmidt,  1875-8 ;  William  Lee  and  Murphy,  1877-8  ; 
Ross,  1875-6;  B.  Thompson,  1875,  died. 

From  1883  to  1909  the  following  served  :  S.  S.  Adams,  1885-96  ;  Belt, 
1893;  Bovee,  1892;  Burnett,  1889;  G.  Wythe  Cook,  1894-6;  Cutts,  1886-7; 
Edes,  1891  ;  L.  Eliot,  189S-1901  ;  Fernald,  1888  ;  H.  D.  Fry,  1885-8  ;  G. 
B.  Harrison,  1885-6;  Hawkes,  1892;  V.  B.  Jackson,  1902-4;  W.  W.  John- 
ston, 1897-9,  resigned;  A.  F.  A.  King,  1883,  resigned;  Kober,  1 897-1901; 
D.  S.  Lamb,  1902-9;  F.  Leech,  1894-6;  McArdle,  1883-6,  resigned;  J.  D. 
Morgan,  1897-1900,  resigned;  Motter,  1905-8;  T.  M.  Murray,  18S9-91  ; 
B.  G.  Pool,  1909  ;  D.  W.  Prentiss,  Sr.,  1883-5,  resigned ;  C.  W.  Richard- 
son, 1890;  J.D.Thomas,  1899,  1901  ;  Tompkins,  1893;  W.  A.Wells, 
1902-6  ;  C.  S.  White,  1908-9. 

January  20,  1897,  the  name  Committee  on  Publication  was  changed  to 
the  Committee  on  Editing  the  Transactions. 


DISTRICT     OF    COI^UMBIA  44 1 

The  following  have  served  on  the  Committee  07t  Microscopy :  Acker, 
1884-99;  Balloch,  1893-7  ;  G.  B.  Harrison,  1886  ;  W.  W.  Johnston,  1877- 
83;  A.  F.  A.  King,  1876;  D.  S.  Lamb,  1876-1900;  Marshall,  1900-9;  J.  B. 
Nichols,  1900-8;  D.  W.  Prentiss,  Jr.,  1902-9;  Schaeflfer,  1876-85,  1887- 
92;  Vale,  1898-1901;  W.  W.  Wilkinson,  1909. 

The  following  have  served  as  Coi)ifnittee  on  Directory  of  Niines :  S.  S. 
Adams  and  H.  H.  Barker,  1891-1901  ;  Burnett,  18S3  ;  G.  Wythe  Cook, 
1889;  H.  Fisher,  1902;  Griffith,  1904-9;  Groover,  1906-9;  H.  L.  E.  John- 
son, 1883,  1890-2,  1902-5  ;  J.  T.  Johnson,  1901  ;  G.  W.  Johnston,  1888  ; 
W.  W.  Johnston,  1884,  1887  ;  Lovejoy,  1884-7  ;  McArdle,  1883-91  ;  Mc- 
Laughlin, 1893-1901  ;  Mundell,  1885-6;  D.  W.  Prentiss,  Sr.,  1888-9; 
Ada  R.  Thomas,  1902-9. 

The  following  have  served  on  the  Milk  Commission :  S.  S.  Adams, 
1903-4,  resigned  ;  E.  A.  DeSchweinitz,  1903,  died  ;  Donnally  and  Hick- 
ling,  1905-9  ;  J.  H.  McCormick  and  J.  B.  Nichols,  1903-5  ;  E.  Sothoron, 
1905-9  ;  Sprigg,  1903-9  ;  Wall,  1904-9  ;  Woodward,  1903,  resigned. 

The  following  have  served  on  the  Committee  on  Entertainment :  F.  R. 
Hagner  and  Jackson,  1905-8  ;  L.  H.  Taylor,  1908  ;  J.  D.  Thomas,  1905-7  ; 

The  following  have  served  on  the  Historical  Committee :  A.  F.  A. 
King,  1902-6  ;  Kleinschmidt  and  E.  L.  Morgan,  1902-5  ;  D.  S.  Lamb, 
Franzoni,  G.  Wythe  Cook  and  Holden,  1906-9 ;  L.  Eliot,  1908-9. 


SUBJECT    INDEX. 


Abattoir — 146. 

Abbreviations — 211. 

Address  of  President — 425. 

Adhesive  Straps  in  Fractures — 152. 

Alexandria  (Va.  and  D.  C.) — 2. 

Alexandria  Lodge  of  Masonry — 219. 

All  Hallows,  Md— 317. 

Amendments — ^418,  425,  439. 

American  Humane  Society — 183,  184. 

American  Institute  for  Drug  Proving — 200. 

American   Medical   Association — 15,  25,  26,  27,  28,   102,    103,   182,    183, 

187,  202,  203,  225,  226,  244,  255,  256,  319,  419. 
American  Medical  Union — 197,  202. 
Anacostia  Flats — 197,  201,  202. 
Anatomy,  Practical — 116,  117,  195, 
Anniversaries — 94,  96,  426. 
Apothecaries — i. 
Appendix — 415. 
Arlington — 97. 

Army  Medical  Museum — 146,  270. 
Army  (U.  S.) — 2,  400,  413,  (table)  423,  424. 
Assistant  Recording  Secretary — 56,  124,  429. 
Association  State  Medical  Journals — 196,  199. 
Asylum : 

Inebriate — 165. 

German  Orphan — 305. 

Insane— 33,  34,  35,  107,  141,  198,  203,  217,  226,  254,  321,  324.  330. 

St.  Joseph's  Orphan — 86. 

Washington — 33,  216. 

Washington  City  Orphan — 39. 
Authorship — 212. 
Baltimore  Riot,  1812 — 217. 
Barber  Shops — 201. 
Battle  of  Bladensburg — 213. 
Battle  of  Lake  Erie — 216. 
Birthplaces — 400,  401  (table). 
Births,  Registration  of — 107,  108,  109,  201. 
Bladder,  Stone  in — 224. 


444  MEDICAI,     SOCIETY 

Board  of  Health,  Georgetown — 217,  237,  252,  273. 

Board  of  Trade — 158,  161,  291. 

"Boxer" — 222. 

Bribery — 14,  30. 

Bureau  of  Freedmen,  &c. — 39. 

Bureau  of  x^Iateria  Medica — 185. 

Business  IMen's  Association — 158,   161. 

Business,  Routine  of — 436,  440. 

By-laws — 417,  425  et  seq. 

Caesarean  Operation — 310. 

Capitol  at  Washington — i,  220,  221,  298. 

Censors— 8,  33,  420,  421,  422,  424,  433. 

Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis — 168. 

Cerrificates  of  Illness — 121. 

Charleston  Earthquake — 153. 

Charter  of  Medical  Society — 5,  10,  11,  loi,  102,  103.  104,  120,  152,  18S. 

"Chesapeake" — 218. 

Chicken-pox — 168. 

Child  Labor — 200. 

Cholera— 33,  66,  150,  151.  309,  317. 

Churches  in  Washington : 

Christ  Church,  Georgetown — 214. 

St.  John's  Episcopal — 17. 

St.  John's,  Georgetown — 213. 

St.  Patrick's— 18. 

Trinity — 214. 
City  Hall— 9,  15.     Halftone,  i. 
Civic  Center — 164,   199. 
Codification  of  Laws  of  D.  C. — 188. 
Colleges,  Medical — 8,  211. 

Colonization  Society,  American — 18,  42,  220,  225,  260,  263.     Halftone,  3. 
Colored  Physicians — 100,  loi,  105. 
Columbian  Medical  College — 8,  14,  17,  34,  95,  212. 
Columbian  University,  Assembly  Building — Halftone,  2. 
Commission  of  Health — 109. 
Committees — 430. 

Auditing — 194. 

Directory  of  Nurses — 441. 

Editing— 82,  83,  84,  199,  203,  435,  440. 

Entertainment — 441. 

Essay— 35,  56,  60,  69,  420,  425,  430,  431,  440. 

Evening  Arrangements — 55,  431. 

Executive — 83,  91,  168,  177,  180,  185,  186.   191.  192,  193,  197,  198,  201, 
202,  203,  420,  430,  431. 


DISTRICT    OF    COt,UMBIA  445 

Committees. — Continued. 

Hall— 86,  87. 

History — 98,  441. 

History  and  Statistics — 99. 

Legislation— 105,   134,   135,   136,   167,   168,   170,   179,   181,   185,   188,   189 
191,  193,  202,  420,  430,  431. 

Library — 8,  40,  41,  42,  43,  440. 

Medical  Constitution,  D.  C. — 100. 

Medical  History  and   Statistics — 440. 

Microscopy — 441. 

National  Legislation — 187. 

Publication — 68,  TZ,  77 >  /§»  79,  81.  43 1.  440- 

Public  Health — 145,  169,  187,  188,  189,  190,  191,  197,  420,  430,  431. 
Compensation  to  Officers — 122. 
Congress,   American   Physicians   and   Surgeons — 183. 

International  Medical — 124,  155. 

Pan-American — 190,  199. 

Pure  Food — 185. 

United  States — i. 
Consolidation  of  Medical  Work  of  D.  C. — 195,  198. 
"Constitution" — 216. 
Constitution  and  By-Laws,  and  Amendments  to  same — 4,  8,  15,  19,  21, 

252,  264,  417  et  seq. 
Contents,  Table  of,  xi. 
Coroners'  Inquests — 46. 
"Corwin" — 317. 
Crematory — 200. 
Councils,  City — 17. 
Court  of  Law — 10. 

Cumberland,  Md.,  Typhoid  Fever— 155,  158. 
Dead  Bodies,  Removal  of — 201. 
Deaths,  Registration  of — 107,  108,  109,  201. 
Debate,  Order  of — 434. 
Decorum — 434. 
Dentists — i. 

Dinner  to  J.  Ford  Thompson — 132. 
Diphtheria — 166,  167,  168,  325,  327. 
Directory  of  Nurses — 145,  146,  441. 
Discipline — 14,  30. 

Discussions— 5,  8,  10,  53,  56,  194,  419,  425,  434,  435. 
Dispensaries — :zT),  35,  214,  221. 

Central  Dispensary — See  Emergency  Hospital. 

Dorothea  Dix  Dispensarj' — 351. 

Eastern  Dispensary  and  Casualty  Hospital— 6>c  Casualty  Hospital. 


44^  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Dispensaries. — Continued. 

Lutheran  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Infirmary — 40. 

U.  S.  Army  Dispensary — 40. 

Woman's  Clinic — 39,  40,  340. 

Woman's  Dispensary — 39. 
Dissecting  Case — 58. 

Material — 116,  117,  195. 
District  of  Columbia — 63,  220. 
Earthquake — 153,  201. 
Eclectic  jNIedical  Society — 170. 
Education,  Board  of — 191. 

Non-Medical- — 400,  407  (table). 
Engine  House — 17. 
"Enterprise" — 222. 
Enterorrhaph}' — 270. 
Epidemics  in  Washington — 127. 
Epilepsy — 190. 

Errors  in  Personal  Sketches — 399. 
Essays  Read  Before  Societj^ — 53,  56,  59,  424,  434,  435. 
Ethics — 14,  30,  31. 
Examiners,  Board  of — 10,  19,  21,  22,  23,  47,  48,  118,  134,  169,  175,  41S, 

419,  421,  422,  431,  432,  438. 
Excreta — 65. 

Experiments,  Scientific,  on  Human  Beings — 189,  194. 
Fees— 14,  20,  21,  30,  194,  437,  438. 
Fellows  of  the  Medical  Society — 423. 
Filtration  of  Water — 116,  154,  156,  157,  158,  159,  160,  161,  162,  163,  164, 

165,  19s,  298,  302. 
Fines— 435. 
Fire — 54,  201,  216. 
Fish  Commission — 323. 
"Flats" — 140,   144. 
Flies — 302. 

Food,  &c.,  Adulteration  of — 133,  185,  195,  196. 
Formulary  for  Non-Officinal  Preparations — 93. 
Forty-niners — 236. 
Founders  of  -Medical  Society — 2. 
Fractures,  Extension  by  Adhesive  Straps — 152,  216. 
Funerals — 44. 
Georgetown  Medical  College — 18.     Halftone,  3. 

University — 256.     Halftones,  3,  4. 
George  Washington  Memorial  Association — 204. 
Gilman's  Drug  Store— 18.     Halftone,  2. 
Gonzaga  Hall — 96.     Halftone,  4. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI,UMBIA  447 

Government  of  the  District  of  Columbia — 126. 
Governors,  Conference  of — 132. 
"Harvey's" — 95. 
Haskell's  School — 17. 

Health,  Board  of,  and  Department  of — 28,  29,  33,  49,  84,  105,  109,  113, 
115,  139,  140,  142,  144,  156,  166,  168,  171,  172,  176,  177,  178,  179,  192, 
195,  198,  202,  214,  221,  222,  225,  226,  227,  231,  234,  238,  239,  247,  251, 
267,  281,  303,  305,  313,  330,  342. 
History — i. 

Holland  Purchase — 292. 
Home  Guard — 306. 

Homeopathic  Medical  Society — 48,  117,  119,  135,   136,  137,  194,  201. 
Homeopathy — 117,  200. 
Hooping  Cough — 168. 
Hospitals  in  the  District  of  Columbia — 33,  35. — See  also  Dispensaries 

Children's — 39,  228,  231,  237,  241,  284,  291. 

Cholera — 150,  214,  216,  218,  221,  225,  226,  229. 

City— 17. 

f  olumbia,  for  Women — 35,  39,  300. 

Columbian  University — 39. 

Contagious  Diseases — 38. 

Desmarres — 35. 

Eastern  Dispensary  and  Casualty — 40,  311,  316. 

Emergency — 36,  277,  299,  301. 

Episcopal  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat — 39,  335. 

Freedmen's — 39. 

Garfield  Memorial — 37,  38,  241,  249,  284,  291. 

General — 36. 

Georgetown  University — 39,  299. 

Homeopathic — 40. 

Municipal — 39,  194. 

National^33,  107. 

Naval — 40. 

Providence— 35,  38,  255. 

Ricord— 35. 

Sibley  Memorial — 40. 

Smallpox — 29. 

Tuberculosis — 39,  196. 

Walter  Reed  (Army)— 131. 

Washington  General  (Army) — ^40. 
Home  for  Incurables — 40. 
Hospital  for  Foundlings — 40,  300. 
Infirmary— 17,  18,  19,  33,  34,  222,  225,  226,  231.     Halftone,  5. 


448  MEDICAI.    SOCIETY 

Hotels: 

National— 17,  238,  263. 

Strother's— 7,  17. 

Tennison's — 3,  4,  16. 

Willard's— 17. 
Hydrophobia — 189. 
Ice  Trust — 171. 
Illness,  Certificates  of — 121. 
Infants,  Feeding  of — 172. 
Insane — 192,  195,  196. 
Insane  Asylum — See  Asylum,  Insane. 
Insanitary  Buildings — 194,  198,  200. 
Institute,  National  Surgical — 124. 
Inventions — 318. 
Investments — 98. 
"Island" — 139. 

Isthmian  Canal  Commission — 199. 
1869  to  1872 — 100. 
Jackson  Central  Committee — 215. 
"Jeannette" — 317. 

Jefferson  Medical  College  Medal— 256. 
Johnstown,  Pa.,  Flood — 166. 
Joyce  Engraving  Co.,  viii. 
Judiciary  Square — 33. 
Juvenile  Court — 201. 
"Kidwell's  Bottoms" — 141. 
Laboratory,  Psycho-physical — 192. 
Law  College,  Georgetown — 18. 
Lead  Poisoning — 187. 
Lenman  Building — 18.     Halftone,  4. 
"Leopard" — 218. 
Levy  Court — 107. 
Librarian — 123,  201,  419.  429,  430. 
Library  of  Medical  Society — 8,  40. 
Library,  Washington  City — 43,  195. 

License  or  Certificate — 20,  21,  22,  23,  119,  432.     Halftone,  6. 
License  Fee — 133. 

Licentiates  of  Medical  Society — 165.  421,  422,  423,  433. 
Lists  of  Members — 207,  213. 
Longevity — 187. 
McPhail's  School— 17. 
Malaria — 138,  145,  151. 
Marine  Corps — 214. 
Marine  Hospital  Service — 122,  190,  319,  400,  413  (table),  423,  424. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI,UMBIA  449 

"Marini's"  Hall— 95,  96. 
Maryland  Flotilla  (1782) — 213. 

Governor's  Council  (1798) — 218. 

Physicians,  Practicing  in  D.  C. — 195,  198. 
Measles— 166,  168. 
Medical  Association,  D.  C. — 14,  30,  Z'2;  loi,  122,  127,  197,  202,  203,  215, 

218,  221,  222,  226,  229,  233,  240,  249,  250,  255,  269,  417,  433. 
]\Iedical  Board — 19. 

Medical  and  Chiriirgical  Faculty  of  Maryland — 2,  5,  7,  213,  217,  218, 

219,  223. 

Medical  College  Act — 172,  189. 

Medical  Colleges  of  Graduation — 400,  403   (table). 

Medical  Hall— 17,   18,  35,  84,  85,  86,  88,  99.     Halftone,  2. 

Medical  Inspection  of  Schools — 191,  195,  200. 

Medical  Journals : 

Bulletin — 70,  72. 

Journal  American  Medical  Association — 78,  79,  81. 

Maryland  Medical  Journal — T],  78,  80. 

National  Medical  Journal — 68,  69,  71,  240,  274. 

National  Medical  Review — "jd,  80,  82,  323. 

New  York  Journal  of  Medicine — 230. 

New  York  Medical  Journal — T7,  81. 

Retrospect  of  American  Medicine  and  Surgery — 76. 

Transactions  Medical  Society— 70,  71,  'J2,  Tz,  74,  75,  76,  78,  82,  83. 

Virginia  Medical  Monthly — 75,  80,  81. 

Washington  Medical  Annals— 70,  83,  84,  288,  361,  362,  364,  365,  378, 

399,  435- 
Medical  Practice  Act— 119,  175,  189,  203,  241. 
Meeting  Places — 16,  196. 

Meetings— 5,  7,  9,  10,  14,  15,  16,  55,  I94,  196,  418,  419,  425,  435- 
Members,  List  of — 169. 
Membership — 205. 

Active — 209,  420,  422,  423,  428. 

Honorary — 207,  420,  421,  423. 

By  Invitation — 423,  424. 

Resident — 420,  421,  422,  423. 
Memorial,  Health  Department — no. 

to  Walter  Reed — 131. 
Methyl  Alcohol— 197. 
Metric  System — 117. 
Metropolitan  Board  of  Health— 109. 
Milk— 116,  132,  156,  176,  178,  180,  194,  197,  241,  298,  302. 

Commission — 180,  195,  441. 

Laboratory — 179,  180. 
29 


450  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Motions — ^434. 

National  Board  of  Health— 141,  143. 

College  of  Pharmacy — 92. 

Government — i. 

Intelligencer — 2,  7,  9,  22. 

Medical  Association — 419. 

Medical  Convention — 25. 

University,  Medical  Department — 297. 
Naval  School,  Annapolis — 214. 
Navy,  U.  S.— 2,  117,  400,  413  (table),  423.  424. 
Nuisances,  Abatement  of — 196. 
Nurses — 145. 

Directory — 145,  146,  441. 

Training  School,  145,  146,  201,  263. 
Obituaries — 43. 

Object  of  the  Medical  Society— 418. 
Officers,  Election  of— 5,  8,  9,  13,  15,  4I9- 
Ophthalmology — 280. 
Opium  Habit— 186,  195. 
Orphans  of  Medical  Men — 65. 
Osteopathy— 137,  197,  201,  202. 
Paris  Exposition — 317. 
Pasteur  Monument — 184. 
Patent  Office — 17.    Halftone,  i. 
Patents — 196. 

Patients  Shown  to  the  Society — 53,  58. 
Peary  Relief  Expedition — 343. 
Pennsylvania  Insurrection  (1794) — 221. 
Pension  Bureau,  U.  S. — 118. 
Perry's  Flagship — 216. 
Pharmacists — i,  53,  91,  93,  197,  200. 
Pharmacopoeia — 24,  25,  190,  204. 
Pharmacy,  National  College  of — 92. 
Photographs — See  Portraits. 
Phrenology — 148,  149,  222. 
Physicians — i. 

Deceased  American — 256. 

Testimony  of — 169. 

to  the  Poor — 196. 
Physio-Medical  School — 136. 
Piedmont,  W.  Va.,  Factories — 158. 
Plant  Parasites — 318. 
Plates— 58. 
Plumbing — 187. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  45 1 

Poisons — 93,  i86,  196. 

Police  Surgeons — 200. 

Portraits  of  Members — 97. 

Postal  Notices — 55. 

Post  Office— 17. 

Potomac  River — i. 

Practice  of  Medicine,  Legislation — 19,  133,  138,  418. 

Preface,  iii. 

President  of  the  Medical  Society — 418,  419,  420,  421,  424,  425,  426,  427, 

429,  430,  431,  434,  436,  437. 
Prize  Essays — 90,  194,  195. 
Proprietary  Medicines — 201. 

Publication  of  Transactions  of  Medical  Society — (>T,  194. 
Quacks — 2,  5,  47. 
Quorum— 435. 
Rauscher's — 132. 
Reading  of  Papers — s,  8. 
Reciprocity  with  Maryland — 198. 
Records  of  Births  and  Deaths — 195. 
Records  of  Members — ^209. 
Reference  Publications — 210,  211. 
Reinstatement  in  Membership — 439. 
Reminiscences — 147,  152,  180. 
Resignation  from  Membership — 424. 
Resurrectionists — 116. 
Reviewers — 63,  200. 
Revolution  of  1848—277. 
Routine  of  Business — ^436,  440. 
Rules  of  Order — 437. 
Safe — 172. 
Salaries — 122. 

San  Francisco  Earthquake — 201. 

Sanitary  Inspection  of  U.  S.  Government  Departments— 196. 
Sanitary  League — 155,  171,  172. 
Sanitation — 64,  65,  132. 
Scarlet  Fever— 166,  167,  168. 
School  Children,  Eyes  of— 184,  188. 
School  Hygiene — 79. 
Schools,  Medical  Inspection  of — 191. 
Schools  and  Colleges  in  District  of  Columbia — 409. 

Columbian  College — 18. 

Gonzaga  College — 18,  19. 

Haskell's  School — 17. 

McPhail's  School— 17. 


452  MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 

Scientific  Work — 16. 

Seal — 20,  23,  24,  428. 

Seats  on  Platform — 126. 

Secretary,  Assistant  Recording — 56,  124,  429. 

Corresponding — 123,  419,  427,  428,  434. 

Recording — 123,  418,  419,  422,  428,  429,  434,  439. 
Sedimentation  of  Water — 157,  158. 
Serums,  Sale  of — 195,  198. 
Signing  the  Constitution — 209,  210. 
Smallpox — 2T,  28,  29,  64,  166. 
Smithsonian  Institution — 26,  45,  66,  254,  256,  426. 
Smoking — 204. 

Societies,  Medical — i,  2,  9,  24,  94,  183. 
"Soldiers  Rest" — 238. 
South  Carolina  Medical  School — 153. 
Southern  Surgical  and  Gynecological  Association — 341. 
Specimens  Shown  to  Society — 53,  57,  194. 
Spitting  in  Public — 190,  191. 
Sputa,  Disinfection  of — 176. 
"Star  Route" — 314. 
Statistics — 99,  107. 

St.  Barnabas  Church,  Maryland — 2i^(i. 
Steamboats — 221. 
Strother's  Hotel — 7,  17. 

Supervisors  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  Medical — 422. 
Symphysiotomy — 310. 
Suspension  from  Membership — 424. 
Talmadge  Hall— 96. 
Testimony  of  Physicians — 169. 
Textile  Fibre  from  Palm — 287. 
"Toner"  Lectures — 256. 
"Toner"  Library — 256. 
Towels— 58. 

Training  School  for  Nurses — 145,  146,  201,  263. 
Transactions  of  Society — 16,  67. 
Transit  of  Venus — 323. 
Tray,  Anatomical — 58. 

Treasurer — 13,  20,  123,  419,'  421,  422,  428,  429,  437. 
Tripolitan  War — 215. 
Trustees — 102,  103. 
Tuberculosis — 176,  177,  196. 

Typhoid  Fever — 115,  140,  142,  153,  155,  158,  168,  178,  298,  302,  313. 
Typhoon — 323. 
Vaccination — 27,  28,  54. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  453 

Vaccine  Institute — 28. 

Vaccine  Virus — 28. 

Vice-President  of  the  Medical  Society — 418,  419,  427,  429. 

Viruses — 198. 

Visitors — 435. 

Vivisection — 181,  184,  194. 

Commission — 181. 
Voting— 195. 
Washington  Academy  of  Sciences — 186,  197,  202,  203,  204,  440. 

Anthropological  Society — 187,  199. 

City— I. 

Homeopathic  Medical  Society — 48,  117,  119,  135,  136,  137,  174,  201. 

Library  Company — 17. 

Medical  Institute — 215,  226. 

Medical  Society — 13. 

Post — 50. 

Sanitary  Improvement  Co. — 302. 

Training  School  for  Nurses — 145,  146. 
Washstand — 58. 
Water  Meters — 164. 

Water  Supply — 153;  166,  196,  200,  241,  261,  302. 
Whooping  Cough — 168. 
Widows  of  Medical  Men— 65. 
"Willard's"— 17. 
Women,  Diseases  of — 232. 

Members  of  Society — 120. 

Physicians — 119. 
Yellow  Fever — 310,  323,  339,  344. 
Young  Ireland  Party — 262. 


454  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 


PERSONAL  INDEX. 


Abbe,  Cleveland — 379. 

F.  M.—379. 
Robert — 62. 

Truman — 379,  431.    Halftone,  66. 
Abell,  E.  F. — 329. 

Mary — 329. 
Acker,  G.  N. — 91,  122,  134,  184,  185,  202,  314,  426.  427,  431,  432,  433,  441. 
Halftone,  34. 

Nicholas — 314. 
Adams,  A.  C. — 303.    Halftone,  31. 

Abigail — 266. 

B.  B. — 307.    Halftone,  29. 
E.  E.— 307. 

G.  R.— 312. 
J.  E.-397. 

J.  L. — 290.    Halftone,  26. 
J.  L.,  Jr.— 290. 
J.  O.— 307. 
J.  Q-— 139,  215. 
M.  A.— 312. 

R.  D.— 388.    Halftone,  73- 

S.  S. — 29,  38,  80,  91,  96,  106,  107,  132,  157,  166,  171,  172.  177,  179, 
180,  201,  311,  398,  400,  427,  429,  431,  432,  433,  440,  441.     Halftone, 

33- 
Addison,  E.  B. — 219. 
Agassiz,  Louis — 258. 
Agnew,  D.  H. — 310. 
A'Heron,  T.  M.— 374. 
Alden,  C.  H.— 61. 
Allen,  Chas. — 54,  67,  267,  431. 

C.  L.-363. 
C.  W.— 391. 

Allyn,  L.  M.— 260. 

M.  E.— 260. 
Amery,  S.  A. — 279.  '  ' 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  455 

Anderson,  C.  L.  G. — 373.    Halftone,  60. 

G.  W.-373. 

W.  M.— 373. 
Andrews,   Benoni — 369. 

Samuel — 369. 
Antisell,  Christopher — 261. 

Thomas — ix,  42,  57,  64,  65,  88,  90,  91,  96,  100,  no,  117,  126,  146,  154, 
208,  261,  273,  304,  418,  427,  428,  432,  433,  440.     Halftones,  8,  18. 
Armstrong,  W.  J. — 379.     Halftone,  6^. 
Arnold,  J.  S. — 390.      Halftone,  74. 

Wm. — 220,  427. 
Ash,  A.  F.— 346. 
Ashby,  May — 326. 

T.  A.— 208.    Halftone,  9. 
Ashford,  B.  K.—63,  283. 

F.  A. — 26,  28,  29,  36,  39,  68,  74,  76,  241,  283,  301,  385,  426,  427,  429, 
431,  432.    Halftone,  24. 

Mahlon— 283,  385.     Halftone,  70. 
Asquith,  M.  D.— 371. 
Atkinson,  W.  B. — 210. 

W.  H.— 347.    Halftone,  45. 
Atwater,  W.  O.— 62. 
Augusta,  A.  T. — 100. 
Aulick,  J.  H.— 293. 

R.  v.— 293.     Halftone,  27. 
Austin,  J.  M. — 24s,  432. 
Babcock,  B.  B.— 289. 
Baggett,  J.  B.— 345- 
Baier,  G.  K.— 376.     Halftone,  61. 
Bailey,  D.  G.  P.— 393. 
Bain,  A.  M.— 387. 

S.  B.— 387.     Halftone,  72. 

S.  M.— 387. 
Baird,  S.  F.— 258. 
Baker,  Frank— 183,  187,  321. 

R.  W.— 357,  431.    Halftone,  5i- 

S.  S.  W.— 321. 

T.  C— 321. 
Baldwin,  W.  0.-299. 
Ball,  C.  A  — ix,  374.    Halftones,  62,  64. 

E.  A.— 374- 
Robert— 374. 
Balloch,  E.  A.— 38,  91,  176,  334,  427.  43i,  440,  441-    Halftone,  40. 
G.  W.-334. 


456  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Baltimore  (Lord) — 297. 

Bancroft,  George — 231. 

Barbarin,  F.  S. — 274.     Halftone,  32. 

Barber,  J.  H.  M. — 343.    Halftone,  44. 

Barker,  H.  H. — 36,  173,  296,  375,  441.    Halftone,  28. 

H.  W. — 296,  375.    Halftone,  63. 

J.   W.— 296. 

S.  A.  R.  H.— 296. 
Barnes,  E.  L. — 347. 

E.  P.— 363. 

J.  D.— 289. 

J.  K— 45,  68,  208,  289.     Halftone,  8. 

N.  P.— 93,  199.  363,  431-     Halftone,  54. 

S.  M.-363. 
Barnett,  L.  E. — 350. 
Barnhart,  G.  S. — 394. 
Barrie,  George — 350.     Halftone,  47. 
Barry,  Edmund — 365.     Halftone,  58. 
Barton,  H.  G.— 358. 

W.  H.-358. 

W.  M. — 358,  362,  399.  Halftone,  49. 
Bartsch,  Anna — 121,  383.  Halftone,  69. 
Bascom,  E.  M.— 285. 

W.  F.— 285. 
Battle,  L.  J.— 364.    Halftone,  54. 
Baum,  Leonard — 268. 
Baxter,  J.  H.— 318. 
Bayly,  A.  H. — 317. 
Bayne — 247. 

J.  B.-326. 

J.  H.-326. 

J.  W. — 326.    Halftone,  yj- 
Beale,  J.  S. — 300,  Z7Z,  432.     Halftone,  30. 

R.  S. — 300,  2>1i-     Halftone,  60. 

Robert — 300. 
Beall,  B.  M.— 303. 

C.  M.— 381. 
Beans,  Wm. — 207,  224. 
Beatty,  H.  W.— 349. 

L.  K.-336. 
Beckwith,  T.  D.— 63. 
Behrend,  Adajah— 280,  388.     Halftone,  23. 

E.  B.— 62,  280,  388.    Halftone,  72. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  457 

Bell,  A.  G.— 332. 

E.  S.— 40. 

L.  I.— 332. 
Belt,  A.  M.— 334. 

E.  O.— 39,  184,  334,  440.     Halftone,  40. 
J.  L.— 334. 

S.  E.  M.-334. 
Bennett,  A.  B.— 380.    Halftone,  65. 

J.  H.— 291. 
Bermann,  I.  S.  L. — ix,  184,  326.     Halftone,  3^. 
Berrien,  J.  M. — 250. 

S.   L.— 250. 
Berry,  M.  A.— 315. 

M.  A.  H.— 254. 

Martha — 254. 

P.  T.-254. 

W.  H.— 254.    Halftone,  17. 
Berzelius,  J.  J. — 262. 
Bethune,  Cherry — 236. 

F.  G.— 236. 
J.  N.— 236. 

Betzold  (Miss)— 235. 

Bigelow,  H.  R. — 313. 

Billard,  C.  L.— 392.     Halftone,  y6. 

Billings,  J.  S. — 59,  60,  157,  208.    Halftone,  8. 

Biot  (chemist) — 262. 

Bird,  J.  C— 315,  439- 

Birtwell,  D.  T.— 390.     Halftone,  74. 

Biscoe,  F.  L. — 204,  379.     Halftone,  66. 

Bishop,  F.  B. — 331.    Halftone,  39, 

Bittinger,  Chas. — 299.    Halftone,  30. 

Black,  C.  E.— 375- 

J.  C— 121. 
Blackburn,  I.  W. — 59,  60,  62,  62,. 

R.  S.-377. 
Blackistone  (Governor) — 320. 

H.  A.-364. 
Blair,  David — 303. 

F.  P.— 311. 

H.  W.— 136. 

Mina — 311. 

Montgomery — 311. 
Blake,  E.  T.— 224. 

J.  B. — II,  127,  128,  129,  213,  224,  429.    Halftone,  11. 


45^  MEDIC  AI,    SOCIETY 

Blake,  J.  H.— 3,  4,  5,  151,  213,  215,  219,  224,  427. 

Joseph — 214. 

L.  C— 354- 

L.  M— 354.    Halftone,  53. 

M.  H.— 214. 
Blanchard,  S.  B. — 245. 
Bliss,  D.  W. — no,  277.    Halftone,  22. 
Boarman,  C.  V. — 297.    Halftone,  28. 
Boerhaave,  Hermann — 233. 
Bogan,  B.  L.— 245. 

F.  M.— 269. 

J.  B.-245. 

M.  V.  B.— 24s,  268,  269.    Halftone,  15. 

S.  O.— 245. 

S.  W. — 245,  269.    Halftone,  20. 
Bogardas,  A.  J. — 369. 
Boggs,  W.  C— 335. 

Bohrer,  B.  H. — 3,  4,  5,  97,  149,  217,  228,  242,  428,  432,  433.    Halftone,  10. 
Bolton,  B.  M.— 63. 
Bond,  S.  R.— 356. 

S.  S.— 57,  95,  275,  439.    Halftone,  22. 
Boone,  A.  H. — 224. 

Francis — 224. 

M.  S.— 224. 
Booth,  Elizabeth — 213. 
Borden,  D.  J. — 397. 

M.  L.  C— 397. 

W.  C. — 61,  62,  91,  131,  187,  397. 
Borland,  A.  J. — 265.    Halftone,  19. 
Borrows,  Joseph— 11,  25,  34,  47,  55,  65,  74,  127,  147,  148,  149,  150.  152, 

227,  264,  289,  419,  426,  429,  432,  433.    Halftone,  12. 
Boss,  R.  D. — 344.     Halftone,  45. 
Bostwick,  E.  A. — 293. 

W.  H.— 293. 
Boswell,  A.  W.— 366.    Halftone,  55. 

E.  V.  B.-27S. 
Bourdounay,  J.  de — 397. 
Bovee,  J.  W.— 325,  427,  431,  433,  440.    Halftone,  37. 

S.  E.  R.— 325. 

W.  H.-325. 
Bowen,  C.  H. — 276.    Halftone,  22. 

J.  G.— 276. 

W.  S.— 337  431.  432.     Halftone,  41. 


DISTRICT    OF    COIvUMBIA  459 


Bowie,  M.  M.— 237. 

Walter — 237. 
Boyd,  G.  W.— 387.    Halftone,  71. 
Boyle,  C.  B.— 235,  348. 

Cornelius— 127,  235,  348,  427,  432.     Halftone,  13. 

John— 235. 
Brackett,  E.  A.  R.— 306. 

J.  E. — 190,  306.     Halftone,  29. 

L.  S.—306. 
Bradfield,  A.  E.  H.— 343- 

C.  H.-343. 

J.  D.— 343.     Halftone,  45. 
Bradley,  A.  T.— 86,  88. 

J.  H.-85. 

J.  H.,  Jr.Se. 

W.  A.— 258.     Halftone,  18. 
Brady,  Margaret — 308. 
Brayshaw,  J.  L. — 336. 
Brecht,  N.  D.— 394.    Halftone,  76. 
Breneman,  A.  N. — 283. 

E.  VV.— 283.  Halftone,  25. 

M.  D.— 283. 
Brewer,  Nicholas — 310. 
Briggs,  J.  B— 385,  431. 
Briscoe,  W.  C. — 296,  428.    Halftone,  28. 
Brockenbrough,  Austin — 306.     Halftone,  67. 

J.  F.-306. 
Bromwell,  J.  R.— 316,  433. 
Brooke,  Henry — 319. 
Brooks,  F.  V.— 345.     Halftone,  45. 

J-  J.— 345- 

Maria— 345- 

Preston — 236. 
Brown,  A.  R. — 289. 

Bedford— ix,  61,  208,  279.    Halftones,  9,  23. 

C.  E.— 332. 

C.  K.-338. 

C.  W.— 332,  338.     Halftone,  41. 

D.  W.-338. 

E.  W.— 379- 

G.  A.— 220,  433. 
H.  E. — 210. 
Wm. — 220. 
Browne,  R.  T.— 249. 


460  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Bruckheimer,  Moses — 296. 
Brumbaugh,  A.  B. — 332. 

G.  M.— 332.    Halftone,  40. 
Bryan,  A.  B. — 325. 

J.  H.— 38,  80,  91,  176,  325,  427,  431.     Halftone,  ^tl- 

L.  S.  H.-325. 
Buchanan,  C.  M. — 345. 

James — 144,  280. 
Buck,  A.  M.— 285.     Halftone,  24. 

J.  R.-395. 

L.  A.— 280. 
Buckingham,  Florence — 292. 

Bulkley,  J.  W. — 271,  427,  432,  433.    Halftone,  19. 
Bullitt,  J.  O.— 199- 
Burgess,  Rosella — 388. 

Wm.— 334. 
Burgoyne,  John — 255. 
Burke,  C.  A.— 236. 

Richard — 236. 
Burnett,  S.  W. — 145,  186,  197,  308,  426,  427,  440,  441.    Halftone,  32. 
Burns,  Belle — 299. 

P.  R.  A.— 299. 

W.  W.— 299. 
Burnside,  A.  E. — 293. 
Burton,  G.  C. — 375.     Halftone,  60. 
Busey,  John — 241. 

R.  C— 241. 

S.  C. — iii,  iv,  vii,  viii,  I,  14,  26,  28,  Z'2,  2>7,  38,  39,  44,  65,  68,  69, 
70,  71,  75,  76,  79,  88,  90,  95,  96,  97,  102,  103,  104,  no,  117.  120,  122, 
124,  126,  130,  133,  136,  157,  160,  161,  167,  169,  170,  171,  174,  176, 
180,  182,  183,  184,  240,  280,  284,  296,  301,  306,  398,  417,  426,  427, 
429,  431,  432,  433,  439,  440.  Halftone,  14. 
Butler,  Florence — 343. 

J.   G.-336. 

S.   W.— 210. 

W.  K. — 40,  2)2)'^,  427.     Halftone,  42. 
Butt,  Proverb — 259. 

Richard — 259. 

W.  B.— 258,  259. 
Byrns,  C.  M.— 315. 

Jeremiah — 315. 

W.  F. — ix,  315.  Halftone,  34. 
Cabell,  J.  M.— 395.  Halftone,  79. 
Cady,  W.  F. — 294.     Halftone,  27. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  46 1 

Caldwell,  C.  T— 327. 

S.  W.— 286. 

W.  A.— 361. 
Callan,  C.  V.  N.— 289.    Halftone,  26. 
Canfield,  Herman — 60. 
Cannon,  W.  F. — 360. 
Capehart,  B.  A. — 337.     Halftone,  42. 
Carley,  Catherine — 380. 
Carmichael,  E.  H. — 247. 

R.  B. — 359.    Halftone,  53. 
Carpenter,  J.   E.— 353- 
Carr,  L.  P. — 342. 

W.   B.— 342,  397. 

W.  P. — 177,  342,  397,  431.     Halftone,  44. 
Carrico,  A.  J.— 375. 

A.  P.  D.— 375. 

T.  A.-37S. 
Carroll,  J.  J. — 340. 

J.  M.— 134,  135,  348. 

James — 46. 
Carter,  G.  O.— 342. 
Carvallo,  Carlos — 276. 
Castelli,  E.  G.— 376. 
Cattell,  J.  M.— 211. 

Causin,  N.  P. — 11,  17,  54,  107,  149,  150,  221,  224,  228,  427,  428,  429,  432. 
Causten,  J.  H. — 234. 
Chadwick,  D.  C— 376.    Halftone,  63. 
Chamberlin,  F.  T.— 266,  345.     Halftone,  46. 

J.  A. — 266,  345.    Halftone,  20. 
Chapman,  J.  S. — 268. 

Nathaniel — 44,  207.    Halftone,  7. 
Chappell,  J.  W.— 202,  204,  345,  427,  43 1.  433-     Halftone,  46. 
Charles  I  (of  England) — 237. 
Chase,  Jonathan — 255. 
Chausepie,  J.  H. — 207.    Halftone,  7. 
Chew,  T.  J.— 378. 
Chipman,  Mary — 242. 
Chisholm,  J.  J. — 340. 
Choate,  Mary — 222. 

Rufus — 283. 

Rufus  (of  Mass.)— 222. 
Christie,  Arthur — 293,  432. 

F.  C— 264. 
Clagett.  Thomas— 241. 


462  MEDIC  AI,    SOCIETY 

Clark,  C.  H.— 380. 

C.  R.— 346.     Halftone,  46. 

J.  N.— 289.    Halftone,  25, 

Taliaferro — 355. 

W.  E. — 392.     Halftone,  74. 
Clarke,  George— 3,  4,  5,  217,  219,  225,  432. 
Claughton,  Blanche — 320. 

H.  O.— 320. 
Clay,  C.  M.— 271. 

Henry — 7. 
Claytor,  T.  A.— 93,  177,  357,  427,  431.    Halftone,  50. 
Cleary,  Robert — 263.    Halftone,  18. 
Cleaveland,   Parker — 207. 
Coburn,  H.  C. — 390. 
Coe,  Anton — 352. 
Coggeshall,  G.  A. — 339. 
Cole,  G.  R.  L.— 352. 

J.  T.-355,  431. 

M.  E.— 321. 

S.  A.  W.-352. 

T.  W.-352. 
Collins    (Dr.) — 149. 

C.  R. — 340.     Halftone,  44. 

Treacher — 389. 
Combs,  W.  H.— 268.     Halftone,  21. 
Compton,  W.  P. — 345.     Halftone,  46. 
Condict,  H.  F.— 11,  228. 
Coney,  Daniel — 207. 
Conner,  S.  K. — 378. 
Cook,  E.  V.  M.  L.— 312. 

G.  Wythe— V,  ix,  29,  53,  88,  90,  91,  122,  131,  132,  134,  136,  153,  157, 
160,  163,  164,  167,  169,  171,  185,  189,  199,  312,  390,  426,  427,  428,  431, 
432,  433,  440,  441-     Halftone,  2^. 

Giles — 312. 

R.  L.— 313,  390.    Halftone,  74. 
Cooke,  Mordecai — 312. 
Coolidge,  C.  H. — 299. 

Susan — 299. 

R.  H.— 250. 
Coombe,  J.  G. — 235. 
Cooper,  Astley — 229. 

Isaac — 271. 
Copeland,  E.  P.— 376.    Halftone,  62. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  463 


Corey,  C.  E.  C— 369. 

G.  B.—369.     Halftone,  58. 

Giles — 369. 

I.  P.— 369. 

J.  W.-369. 

Montague — 369. 
Cornish,  Mabel— 356. 
Cornwallis,  Charles — 255. 
Cosby,  Spencer — 63. 
Coues,  Elliott— 272,  309. 
Coumbe,  O.  H.— 354.    Halftone,  50. 
Cox,  C.  C. — vii,  68,  69,  70,  no,  112. 

J.  T.-348. 

S.  C— 373-     Halftone,  63. 
Cragin,  C.  H. — 236.     Halftone,  14. 

H.  H.— 236. 

Isaiah — 236. 
Craig,  B.  F. — 100,  117,  246.     Halftone,  15. 

Eliot— 267. 

H.  K.— 246. 
Craigen,  J.  S.— 278. 

W.  J.— 278,  398. 
Craik,  James — 220. 
Cranch,  Wm. — 10. 
Crandall,  H.  S.— 353- 
Crane,  C.  H.— 45,  208.    Halftone,  8. 
Craven,  E.  R.— 223,  430. 

John— 223. 
Crawford,  C.  A.— 383. 
Crittenden,  Alice — 242. 

T.  B.— 361. 
Croggon,  R.  C. — 264,  440.    Halftone,  27. 
Croghan,  Patrick — 272. 
Crook,  F.  A.— 375. 

Harrison — 311,    Halftone,  33. 

Luanna — 375. 
Crosson,  H.  J.   (first)— 242. 

H.  J.  (second) — 352.    Halftone,  48. 
Crouse,  J.  L.— 281. 
Crush,  B.  A.— 121,  382.    Halftone,  68. 
Culver,  F.  B.—65,  258,  259. 
Curriden,  G.  A.— 382. 
Cutbush,  Edward— 148,  221,  427,  432. 
Cuthbert,  M.  F.— 324. 


4^4  MEDICAX    SOCIETY 

Cutts,  H.  M. — 322,  429,  432,  440. 
Dabney,  Virginius — 390.    Halftone,  74. 
Da  Costa,  J.  C.—63. 
Dailey,  O.  A. — 279. 
Daly  (Surgeon) — 261. 

Margaret — 261. 
Darnall,  M.  H.— 395.     Halftone,  76. 
Davidson,  E.  M. — 267. 

John — 309. 

M.  L.— 309. 
Davis,  A.  M. — 11,  150,  227. 

C.  L.-384. 

J.  W.— 264. 

Jefferson — ^244. 

P.  C— 264. 
Dawes,  Frederick — 229.     Halftone,  12. 
Dawson,  C.  F. — 61. 

Deale,  H.  B.— 333,  431,  434.    Halftone,  39. 
Deeble,  H.  M.— 350. 
De  Lacy,  W.  H. — ^201. 
Dench,  E.  B. — 62. 
Denny,  M.  A.  B.— 216. 
Desmarres,  L.  A. — 239,  280. 
Devereux,  J.  R. — 369. 
De  Witt,  Calvin— 131. 
Dexter,  E.  A. — ^269. 

J.  E.— 267. 
Dick,  E.  C. — 219,  220. 
Dickey,  J.  L. — 361. 
Dieffenbach — 235. 
Digges,  Edward — 238. 

Nora — 238. 

W.  D.— 238. 
Dillenback,  W.  J. — 340.     Halftone,  44. 
Disraeli,  Benjamin — 369. 
Dix,  Dorothea — 254. 
Dixon,  H.  M.— 381.    Halftone,  67. 

T.  B.— 382. 
Dolph,  J.  N. — 104. 

Donnally,  H.  H. — 384,  441.     Halftone,  70. 
Donohue,  Florence — 355.     Halftone,  51. 
Dooley,  F.  X. — 334.     Halftone,  42. 
Dorsey,  J.  S.— 378.    Halftone,  64. 

P.  S. — 219,  223. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  465 

Dove,  G.  M.— 239,  269,  427,  432.    Halftone,  14. 

IMargaret — 239. 

Marmaduke — 239. 
Dovilliers,  L.  V. — 248. 
Dowling,  Thomas — 368,  431.     Halftone,  78. 
Drake,  F.  S. — 210. 
Draper,  A.  T.— 281. 

L.  J. — 281.     Halftone,  23. 

Samuel — 281. 
Drawbaugh,  E.  H. — 355. 

J-  A.— 355. 

s.  0.-355. 

Drinkard,  M.  F.  M.— 280. 

W.  B. — 39,  42,  95,  100,  102,  241,  280,  428,  431,  440.    Halftone,  23. 

W.  R.— 280. 
Dryburgh,  A.  P. — 309. 
Duckett,  Richard — 237. 
Duffey,  H.  C— 362.    Halftone,  55. 
Dufour,  C.  R.— 184  346.    Halftone,  45. 

J.  F.  R.-346. 
Du  Hamel,  W.  J.  C— 247.    Halftone,  15. 
Dulaney,  J.  L.— 34i- 
Dulin,  E.  A. — 291.     Halftone,  26. 
Dumas,  J.  B.  A. — 262. 
Duncanson,  H.  A. — 304.     Halftone,  31. 

J.  A.  M.— 304. 
Dunlop,  John — 387.     Halftone,  72. 
Dunn,  J.  W. — 327.     Halftone,  69. 
Dunne,  A.  B. —  See  Bartsch. 

H.  E.-383. 
Durfee,  R.  B.— 376. 
Duvall,  H.  M.— 275. 

W.  T.  S.— 294. 
Dye,  H.  S.— 353,  431-    Halftone,  50. 
Dyer,  J.  I. — 240. 
Ealin,  J.  E.  E.— 47- 
Edelin,  J.  B.— 240,  251. 

Edes,  R.  T.— 134,  135,  328,  440.    Halftone,  z6. 
Edmonston,  W.  E. — 90. 
Edwards,  L.  A.— 257.     Halftone,  16. 

L.  B.-75. 
Eels,  M.  C— 346. 
Egbert,  E.  H.— 396.     Halftone,  79- 

30 


466  MEDIC AI,    SOCIETY 

Elder,  M.  C— 231. 

M.  S.— 231. 

Wm. — 231. 
Eliot,  Andrew — ^233. 

J.  L.— V,  ix,  40,  171,  233,  316,  390,  427,  431, 432,  440,  441.   Halftone,  34. 

John— 233. 

Johnson— 28,  54,  57,  64,  92,  116,  129,  133,  152,  233,  290,  301,  316,  341, 
426,  429,  432,  434,  435.    Halftone,  13. 

Johnson,  Jr.— 233,  341.     Halftone,  43- 

M.  L.— 390. 
Elliot,  G.  H.— 156. 
Elliott,  Alexander — 342. 

C.  V.-338. 

H.  R.— 382.    Halftone,  68. 

M.  E.-338. 

M.  L.  S.— 342. 

Ray— 342. 

(Col.)— 261. 
Ellyson,  R.  M.— 336. 
Ellzey,  M.  G.— 59. 
Elzey,  Arnold — 5,  149,  219,  427. 
Emery,  M.  G. — 108. 
Emmons,  C.  M. — 379. 
Emory,  Matilda — 281. 

Thomas — 281.     Halftone,  23. 

W.  A.— 281. 
English,  K.  L. — 361. 
Entwyssel,  Bertine — 261. 
Erbach,  Amelia — 120,  237,  431, 
Erving,  E.  ly. — 121,  386,  389.     Halftone,  J2. 

W.  G.— 386,  389-     Halftone,  70. 
Evans,  Warwick — 266.     Halftone,  19. 
Everett,  Chas. — 243. 

H.  F.— 40. 

S.  W.— 243,  398. 
Eversfield,  W.  O. — ^310. 
Ewell,  James — 151. 

Thomas — 151. 
Ewing,  F.  C. — 338.     Halftone,  42. 
Fahnestock  (Dr.) — 230. 
Fairfax,  Orlando — 15,  225,  432. 

Thomas — 225. 
Farquhar,  R.  R.— 377.    Halftone,  61. 
Feinour,  T.  E.  W.— 235. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  467 

Fenwick,  G.  P.— 266,  434.    Halftone,  21. 

John — 266. 

Philip— 266. 
Ferguson,  C.  E. — 368.    Halftone,  57. 
Fernald,  F.  C. — 322,  440. 
Fillebrown,  J.  P.— 382.     Halftone,  68. 
Filler,  C.  W.— 358. 
Finney,  J.  M.  T.— 63. 
Fisher,  A.  K. — 378. 

D.  W.— 378. 

Howard — 378,  441.     Halftone,  64. 

Joshua — 207. 

R.  A. — 391.     Halftone,  74. 
Fitch,  A.  C— 388.    Halftone,  73. 

G.  A. — 290. 
Fitzhugh,  M.  E. — 242. 

Fletcher,  Robert — 61,  62,  208.     Halftone,  10. 
Flick,  L.  h.—63. 
Flint,  Austin — 284. 
Foley,  T.  M. — 391.     Halftone,  74. 
Force,  C.  F.— 251. 

Ford,  C.  M.— 59,  85,  267,  431,  432,  440.    Halftone,  21. 
Forrest,  M.  T.— 217. 

N.  B.— 251. 
Forry,  Samuel — 230. 
Forsythe,  A.  D. — 371. 

B.  G.-371. 
M.  L.— 371- 
M.  S.— 263. 
R.  A.— 263. 

Foster,  G.  W— 365. 

J.  D.— 306. 
Fowler,  E.  L. — 369. 

E.  W.— 368. 

H.  A.— 383.     Halftone,  68. 

W.  C. — 339.     Halftone,  49. 
Fox,  W.  H. — ^334.     Halftone,  39. 
Foye,  A.  F. — 121,  370.    Halftone,  58. 
France,  J.  M.  D. — 275. 
Frankland,  W.  A.— 389.     Halftone,  73. 
Franklin,  Benjamin — 246. 

E.  T.  M.— 394. 
Franzoni,  A.  D. — 298. 

C.  W. — V,  ix,  48,  79,  92,   152,  169,  209,  298,  398,  429,  441.     Half- 
tone, 29. 


468  MEDICAID    SOCIETY 

Franzoni,  Carlo — 298. 

J.  C.-298. 
Fremont-Smith,  Frank — 386. 
French,  A.  R. — 315. 

L.  H.— 366. 

Robert — 3,  5,  216. 

W.  B.— 350,  431,  434. 

W.  J.-397. 
Friedrich,  L,.  L. — 91,  318,  434. 
Fry,  H.  D. — 49,  309,  427,  432,  440.     Halftone,  32. 

H.  W.— 309. 

Joshua — 309. 

Samuel — 381. 
Frye,  T.  B.  J.— 25,  235,  417. 
Fuchs,   Henrietta — 296. 
Fuller,  G.  W.— 163. 

H.  G.-387. 
Gallagher,  M.  F. — 370. 
Gallaudet,  E.  M.— 61,  187. 
Gannon,  J.  A. — 395.     Halftone,  "JT. 
Gardner,  J.  N. — 342. 
Garfield,  J.  A— 45,  277,  282,  288. 

Garnett,  A.  Y.  P. — ix,  26,  28,  29,  34,  96,  124,  126,  127,  133,  152,  244,  426, 
427,  432,  434.    Halftones,  15,  78. 

A.  Y.  P.,  Jr.— 45,  24^. 

M.  W.  B.— 244. 

Muscoe — 244.. 
Gassaway,  J.  M. — 303. 
Geddings,  H.  D. — 91, 
Gesner,   Brower — 274. 
Gibbons,  J.  L. — 263.     Halftone,  67. 
Gibney,  V.  P.— 62. 
Gibson,  F.  E. — 373.    Halftone,  62. 

F.  M.— 362. 
Gill,  W.  T.-337. 
Gilman,  D.  C. — 131. 
Gilpatric,  E.  A. — 344. 
Girard,  Charles — 258.     Halftone,  16. 
Gladmon,  Edwin — 362. 
Glazebrook,  L.  W.— 185,  348,  431,  434. 

O.  A.— 348. 

V.  C.  K.  S.— 348. 
Gledhill,  Annie — 365. 
Gleeson,  J.  K.  P. — 297.     Halftone,  28. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA 


469 


Godding,  Alvah — 324. 

M.  W.— 324. 

W.  W.— 59,  165,  324.     Halftone,  37. 
Goodall,  H.  S.— 346. 
Goodyear,  Charles — 315. 
Gordon,  G.  E. — 61. 
Gore,  D.  A.— 368. 
Gorgas,  W.   C.— 62. 
Gould,  A.  M.— 189. 

George— 255. 

J.  T.-2SS. 

Philander — 238. 
Graham,  D.  C. — 333. 

M.  G.— 333- 

N.  D.— 333,  377- 

N.  F.— 333,  377.     Halftone,  39. 

R.  H.-374. 

Grant,  U.  S.— 265. 

Grasty,  T.  S.  D.— 375.    Halftone,  62. 

Gray,  C.  A.   (first) — 292. 

C.  A.   (second) — 245. 

Henry — 285. 

L.  C— 208.    Halftone.  8. 
Grayson,  J.  C. — 258,  430. 
Green,  M.  L. — 249. 

W.  A. — 249. 
Greene,  Fannie — 236. 

S.  H.-373. 

William — 236. 
Grenfell,  W.  F.— 62. 
Grieves,  M.  V. 
Griffith,  J.  R.  W.~366. 

J.  T.-366. 

L.  A.— 198. 

Monte — 366,  431,  441.     Halftone,  56. 

Samuel — 231. 
Grinder,  G.  W.— 328. 
Groover,  T.  A. — 377,  441.     Halftone,  62. 
Gross,  S.  D.— 152,  253. 
Groux,  E.  A.— 59. 
Grubh,  John — 367. 
Grymes,  J.  M. — 253. 
Guiteau,    C.    J.— 288.   295,   300,   314. 
Gunion,  J.  P.— 378.    Halftone,  61. 


470  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Gunnell,  J.  S. — II,  224,  430. 

Gustine,  J.  T.— 5,  218. 

Gwynn,  W.  C.— 376. 

Hagner,  C.  E.— 58,  70,  292,  364,  426,  427,  431,  432. 

D.  R.— 28,  54  57,  85,  95,  109,  no,  133,  152,  250,  293,  426,  427,  432, 
434.     Halftone,  16. 

F.  R.— 292,  364,  434,  441.    Halftone,  55. 

Peter — 250. 
Hall,  A.  J.— 333-     Halftone,  40. 

J,  C— II,  IS,  25,  27,  34,  8s,  86,  107,  127,  129,  152,  228,  232,  426.  427, 
429,  432.     Halftone,  12. 

M.   D.— 333- 

S.  K.-333. 
Halsted,  W.  S.— 63. 
Hamersly,  T.  H.  S.— 210. 
Hamill,  H.  B.— 38s. 
Hamilton,  C.  B. — 106,  223. 

J.  B.— 79,  134,  166,  167,  244,  295,  319,  397,  427.    Halftone,  36. 

R.  A.— 63,  397. 
Hamlin,   Hannibal — 102. 
Hammett,  C.  M.— 115,   155,  320,  353,  434.     Halftone,  35. 

C.  M.,  Jr. — 320,  353.    Halftone,  50. 

Robt. — 320. 

Whit. — 320. 
Hammond,  T.  V. — 320.     Halftone,  3S. 

W.  A. — 60,  233. 
Hanawalt,  G.   P.— 288. 
Handy,  W.  E. — 327. 

Wm. — 239. 
Hannon,  C.  E. — 344. 

E.  M.  L.— 344- 
S.  L.— 344- 

Hansmann,  B.  L.  W.  T. — 2S0,  2S1.     Halftone,  16. 

Hanson,  C.  A.  C. — 217. 

Hardin,  B.  L.— 368.    Halftone,  57. 

Harding,  H.  T.— 35s.     Halftone,  si- 

Harlan,  L.  D.— 282. 

Harrington,  F.  E. — 390.     Halftone,  78. 

Harris,  I.  G. — 136. 

J.  O.— 275,  300. 

Robert — 275,  300. 
Harrison,  B.  H. — 396.     Halftone,  79. 

Elisha — s,  2x8. 

G   B. — 40,  316,  440,  441.    Halftone,  34. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  47 1 

Harrison,  J.  H. — 217. 

John— 3,  5,  217. 

M.  R.— 316. 

W.  B.— 316. 

W.  H.— 144- 
Hartigan,  J.  F. — 40,  79,  152,  295,  431,  432.    Halftone,  28. 
Hasbrouck,  A.  W.   M.— 364. 

C.  L.— 364. 

E.  M.— 364.     Halftone,  55. 
Haslet,  Jennie — 346. 

John— 346. 

Joseph — 346. 
Haslup,  Alice — ix. 

Isabel  {See  Lamb,  I.  H.) — ix,  121,  288,  367.    Halftone,  56. 

J.  W.-367. 

S.  H.-367. 
Haw,  J.  S. — 254. 
Hawkes,  W.  H. — 331,  440. 
Hayes,  H.  L.— 34i,  429- 
Hazen,  Allen — 163. 

D.  B.— 304. 

D.  H. — 304.    Halftone,  31. 

H.  H.-305. 

S.  D.— 304. 
Healey,  T.  M.— 22,  299. 
Heard,  J.  T.— 136. 
Heger,  Anthony— 353.     Halftone,  53. 
Heiberger,  I.  J.— 40,  120,  340,  431,  434-     Halftone,  43- 
Heinecke,  G.  B.— 356.     Halftone,  50. 
Heitmuller  (Miss) — 303. 

A.  C.  T.— 389. 

G.  H.— 389.     Halftone,  72. 

H.  H.-389. 
Hellen,  B.  J.— 258,  259. 
Heller,  J.  M.— 393.     Halftone,  76. 

Joseph— 393. 

P.  F.— 393. 
Henderson,  Alexander — 214. 

Archibald — 214. 

George — 346.    Halftone,  45. 

Thomas— 3,  4,  5.  8,  9,  41,  54.  148,  214,  228,  251,  429,  432. 

William — 346. 
Henning,  Carl— 395. 

R.  E.— 342.    Halftone,  43. 


472  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Henry  VIII— 248. 

Henry,  Joseph — 45,  66,  138. 

Herbert,  J.  W. — 269.    Halftone,  20. 

Herring,  Rudolph — 163. 

Hewson,  T.  T.— 207. 

Hickling,  D.  P. — 131,  163,  164,  177,  201,  322,  431,  441.    Halftone,  36. 

S.  A. — 322. 
Higgins,  D.  L.— 340. 
Hill,  F.  H.— 246,  253. 

R.  S.-335. 
Himmel,  J.  J. — 19. 
Hine,   L.   G.— 359- 

M.   C.-3S9. 
Hirst,  A.  R.— 297. 

Wm. — 297. 
Hoadley,  A.  M.— 382.     Halftone,  69. 
Hodges,  J.  W.— 387.    Halftone,  73. 
Hodgson,  F.  E. — 308. 

Hoehling,  A.  A.— 315,  434.     Halftone,  78. 
Hofifman.    Catharine — 217. 
Elizabeth — 217. 
John — 217. 
R.  K.— 250. 
Hogan,  K.  S.— 359- 
Holden,  C.  G.— 320. 

R.  T.— V,  ix,  320,  431,  434,  441.     Halftone,  35. 
Thomas — 320. 
Holland,  J.  H. — 391.    Halftone,  75. 
Hollister,  L.  W. — 312. 
Holmead,  Anthony — 234,  429,  430. 
Holmes,  Mary — 121,  383.     Halftone,  68. 
Holston,  J.  G.  F.— 264.     Halftone,  27. 

J.  G.  F,  Jr.— 264. 
Holt,  L.  E.— 60. 
Honeyman,  E.  L. — 305. 
Margaret — 305. 
Robert — 305. 
Hood,  James. — 335. 

T.  B.— 68,  335.     Halftone,  40. 
Hooe,  A.  B.— 366. 
Bernard — 291. 
M.  E. — 231,  291. 
Hoover,  C.  A. — ix,  308.     Halftones,  29,  67. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI,UMBIA  473 

Hopkins,  Archibald — 38. 

Armstrong — 61. 

G.  N.—267. 

J.  E.— 375- 
Horner,   Wm. — 231, 
Horsley,  S.  C.—3,  5,  216. 
Hough,  W.  H.— 385. 
Howard,  A.  L. — 267. 

C.  N.— 380.    Halftone,  66. 

Flodoardo— 25,  26,  34,  54,  64,  65,  85,  92,  95,  97,  151,  232,  251,  291, 
419,  427,  430,  432.     Halftone,  13. 

H.  P.— 47,  238,  428,  429. 

Henry — 232. 

J-  T.— 55,  133,  267,  336,  434,  440.     Halftone,  19. 

J.  T.  D.— 267,  336,  431.    Halftone,  41. 

O.  O.— 299. 

Robertson — 232,  291.     Halftone,  26. 

S.  W.-394. 
Howland,  G.  T.— 362. 
Howie    (Miss) — 247. 
Hoxie,  R.  L. — 141. 
Hoxton,  W.  W. — 232,  295. 
Hrdlicka,  Ales. — 62,  63,  200. 
Hubbard,  N.  W.— 59. 
Hudson,  W.  L. — 309.     Halftone,  32. 
Hughes,  W.  D.— 350.     Halftone,  48. 
Hull,  T.  Y.— 371. 
Hume,  Howard — 395. 
Hummer,  H.  R.— 386. 
Hunt,  A.  L. — 390.     Halftone,  71. 

H.  J.-246. 

P.  C— 351,  398,  431-     Halftone,  47. 

Reid— 365. 
Hunter,  Montgomery — 378.     Halftone,  63. 
Huntington,  D.  L. — 61. 

Huntt,  Henry — 3,  4,  5,  11,  17,  24,  106,  149,  214,  226,  427,  428. 
Hurtt,  Harry — 370.     Halftone,  58. 

J.  W.-370. 

M.  E.  W.— 370. 
Hutton,  George — 344. 

H.  E.— 344. 
Hyatt,  Franck — 91.  310,  427,  432,  434.    Halftone,  58. 
Hyde,  C.  W.— 389.     Halftone,  71. 

Eliphalet— 335. 


474  MEDICAI,     SOCIETY 

Hyde,  Mary— 335. 

Hynson,  L.  M. — 389.     Halftone,  "72. 

L.  W.  T.— 389. 

N.  T.— 389. 
Ingalls,  J.  J.— 134. 
Irwin,  J.   (Dr.)— 273- 
Iseman,  Gertrude — 355. 
Jack,  W.  A.— 375-     Halftone,  =;9- 
Jackson,  Andrew — 148,  228. 

Cordelia — ix. 

J.  B.  S.-15. 

James — 207.     Halftone,  7. 

T.  J.-236. 

V.  B. — 83,  362,  440,  441.     Halftone,  54. 
Jacobi,  Abraham — 61,  62,  208.     Halftone,  10. 
Jacobs,  Thomas — 251. 
Jaisohn,  Philip— 356. 
James,  C.  H.— 377-    Halftone,  64. 

Florence — 317. 
Jefferson,  Thomas — 265. 
Jenner,  N.  R. — 2>72i-     Halftone,  (y^. 
Jewett,  H.  M. — 379.     Halftone,  65. 
Johnson,  A.  E. — 344.    Halftone,  46. 

C.  B.-357. 

E.  E.— 315. 

Flora— 343. 

H.  L.-315. 

H.  L.  E.— 27,  91,  166,  190,  199,  315,  432,  441.    Halftone,  34. 

J.  T.— 3,  5.  216. 

J.  Taber— 49,  91,  284,  374,  426,  427,  432,  437,  441.     Halftone,  24. 

Jeremiah — 284. 

L.  A. — 351.     Halftone,  48. 

L.  B.  T.— 284,  374. 

L.    D.— 284. 

M.  B.— 284. 

P.  B.  A.— 391.    Halftone,  75. 

R.  M.-13. 

Richmond — li,  106,  150,  151,  225,  429. 

S.  M.  H.-357. 

Thomas — 225,  367. 

Wallace — 356,  380. 
Johnston,  Andrew — 231. 

A.  M.— 231. 

G.  B.-€3. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  475 

Johnston,  G.  W. — 80,  231,  291,  323,  431,  441. 

James — 231. 

Thomas — 259. 

W.  B.— 291,  381. 

W.  P.— 26,  27,  28,  42,  64,  67,  84,  8s,  87,  95,  97,  107,  no,  117,  231, 
277,  278,  291,  323,  419,  426,  427,  432,  440.    Halftone.  13. 

W.  W. — iii,  iv,  V,  3,  16,  29,  38,  39,  72,  74,  'jd,  80,  82,  90.  91,  96,  97, 
100,  115,  136,  142,  143,  145.  152,  IS4,  155,  157,  163,  167,  172,  184, 
185,  187,  231,  241,  291,  310,  381,  426,  427,  429,  431,  440,  441-  Half- 
tone, 26. 

and  Brown — 211. 
Jones,  Anna — 240. 

(Dr.)-i49. 

G.  I.-393- 

I.  M.— 295. 

V.  C— 290. 

W.  B.— 295. 

Walter — 227,  290. 

Wm.— 3,  4,  5,  II,  2,Z,  65,  96,  151,  215,  219,  227,  426,  427,  429,  432. 
Halftone,    11. 
Jordan,  E.  A.— 288. 

J.  C— 288. 
Judd  and  Detweiler — 68. 
Jung,  F.  A.  R.— 358,  364.    Halftone,  54. 

Herman — 364. 

Marie — 364. 

S.  A.  N.— 358,  364.     Halftone,  53- 
Junghans,  J.  H. — 355.     Halftone,  51. 
Kane,  Robert — 261. 
Karpeles,  S.  R. — 380.     Halftone,  66. 
Kastle,  J.  H.— 63. 
Kaufman,  H.  M. — 394. 
Kaveney,  J.  J. — 391. 
Kearney,  J.  A. — 239. 
Keasbey,  J.  W. — 258,  259.    Halftone,  18. 
Kebler,  L.  F. — 393. 
Keech,  T.  A.  R. — 321.     Halftone,  35. 
Keen,  G.  J.— 369. 

S.  M.— 369. 

Sarah — 369. 

W.  W.— 62,  208.    Halftone,  10. 
Keene,  W.  P.— 379. 
Keffer,  M.  R.— 271. 

P.  B.— 271. 


476  MEDICAI.    SOCIETY 

Keith,  A.  B.— 392. 

E.  C.  S. — Sec  Starr. 
Kellerman,  K.  F. — 6^. 
Kelley,  J.  T.,  Jr.— 337,  427.    Halftone,  42. 
Kelly,  D.  J.— 307.     Halftone,  77. 

Moses — 284. 
Kemble,  Adam— 388.    Halftone,  71. 
Kennedy,  A.  B.— 368. 
Kennon,  Beverly — 266. 

M.  C— 266. 
Kent,  James — 2)2i7- 
Kerr,  A.  J.— 332. 

H.  H.— 332,  393. 

Isabella — 332. 

James — 332,  393.    Halftone,  40. 
Ketcham,  O.  C. — 313. 
Key,  F.  S.— 10. 

M.  P.— 187. 

P.  B.— 151. 

Sothoron — 387.    Halftone,  72. 
Keyes,  C.  W. — 3=59.    Halftone,  52, 

E.  L.— 62. 

F.  P.— 359. 

Keyser,  C.  S. — 2>77-    Halftone,  64. 
Kidder,  J.  H. — ^^i- 
Kilmer,  Washington — 281. 
Kimball,  A.  H.— 383.     Halftone,  69. 

King,  A.  F.  A.— iv,  v,  vi,  16,  19,  22,  23,  55,  70,  74,  75,  76.  77,  79,  87,  91, 
95.  96,  97,  100,  122,  123,  131,  169,  173,  177,  269,  426,  427,  429,  430, 
431.  433,  440,  441.     Halftone,  20. 

Benjamin — 11,  227.     Halftone,  12. 

E.  F.— 324,  434.     Halftone,  37. 

Edwin — 269. 

G.  S.-307. 
J.  E-255. 
L.  F.— 269. 

Kinyoun,  B.  A.  C. — 395. 

J.  H.-395. 
J.  J.— 60,  395. 
Kleinschmidt,  C.  H.  A. — v,  22,  26,  29,  36,  48,  49,  72,  72,,  75,  76,  80,  92, 
123,   126,  157,  166,  179,  185,  286,  426,  427,  429,  431,  433,  434.  440, 
441.     Halftone,  25. 
Knight,  C.  P.— 390. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA 


477 


Kober,  G.  M.— 39,  82,  91,  132,  155,  160,  163,  164,  179,  184,  185,  186,  187, 

199,  301,  427,  431,  440.    Halftone,  30. 
Kolipinski,  Louis — 320.    Halftone,  35. 
Koones,  C.  K. — 336.    Halftone,  41. 
Kramer,  J.  J.— 375- 

Samuel — 375. 

T.  B.— 375.     Halftone,  61. 
Kuelz,  Eduard — 326. 
Kurtz,  John — 352. 
La  Garde,  L.  A. — 61,  62,  187. 
Lamb,  D.  R.— 288. 

D.  S. — iv,  V,  ix,  40,  43,  79,  83,  132,  163,  173,  182,  183,  184,  186,  187, 
191,  199,  211,  287,  367,  368,  426,  427,  440,  441.     Halftone,  24. 

E.  S.— 368. 

L  H.— ix,  288,  2,^7.    Halftone,  56. 

J.  M.— 288. 

R.  S.— 288,  368,  431.     Halftone,  57. 
Lambert,  Mildred — 395. 
Lancaster,  M.  S. — 317. 
Lane,  C.  B.— 63. 
Langston,  J.  M. — no. 
Langwill,  A.  G.— 373. 
Langworthy,  C.  F. — 62. 
Latimer,  E.  W. — 289. 
Lauck   (Lieut.) — 240. 

L  S. — 240. 

Peter — 240. 
Lawn,  J.  P.— 290. 

Lawrence,  A.  L. — 381.    Halftone,  65. 
Lawson,  H.  W.— 394.    Halftone,  77. 

J.  S.-394. 

P.  T.  C— 394- 

Thomas — 230. 
Lawver,  W.  P. — 307. 
Leach,  H.  E. — 308. 
Lee,  A.  H. — 238.     Halftone,  14. 

A.  W. — 274. 

C.  A.-59. 

C.  C.-372. 

Elmer — 60. 

H.  P.— 372. 

R.  B.— 331. 

R.  E.— 244. 

T.  S.— 372.    Halftone,  59. 


478 


MEDICAL,    SOCIETY 


Lee,  W.  B. — 274. 

Wm. — vi,  vii,  26,  6g,  70,  73,  75,  119,  123,  274,  426,  428,  429,  431,  440. 
Halftone,  22. 
Leech,  D.  O. — 328,  346,  431,  434.     Halftone,  79. 

Frank — 328,  346,  427,  431,  440.     Halftone,  45. 
Legare,   H.   S. — 15. 
Lehr,  L.  C— 388. 
Leib,   Elizabeth — 303. 

Michael — 303. 
Leitch,  Andrew — 326. 
Le  Merle,  E.  L.— 372.    Halftone,  61. 
Lemon,  H.  T.  A. — 370.     Halftone,  59. 
Lewis,  D.  G.— 355- 

S.  E.— 190,  354.    Halftone,  51. 
Liddell,  B.  W.  G.— 347- 

H.  G.-347. 

Henry— 347. 
Lieber,   Francis — 363. 

G.  N.-363. 
Liebermann,  C.  H.— 42,  64,  84,  85,  87,  88,  95,  102,  116,  117,  235,  418,  426, 

433,  434.  440. 
Lincoln,  Abraham — 55,  228,  238,  271. 

Benjamin — 255. 

E.  S.— 255. 

L   C.-255. 

N.  S.— 54,  95,  no,  126,  165,  254,  255,  357,  426,  427.    Halftone,  17. 
Lindsly,  E.  W.— 263. 

Harvey— II,  15,  25,  26,  33,  34,  41,  54,  84,  85,  90,  107,  109,  127,  129, 
138,  139,  140,  142,  149,  225,  226,  263,  417,  427,  429,  433,  437.  Half- 
tone, II. 

Webster — 225,  263. 
Linn,  L.  F. — 207. 
Linton,  L.  M. — 59. 
Lippitt,  W.  F.— 253,  429.    Halftone,  78. 

W.  F.,  Jr.— 253. 
Little,  R.  M.— 388. 

Littlepage,  W.  H. — 391.    Halftone,  75. 
Littlewood,  J.  B. — 292. 
Llewellin,  John — 234. 

M.  J.— 234,  316. 
Lloyd,  Rebecca — 313. 

Richard — 313. 
Lochboehler,  G.  J. — 190,  336.    Halftone,  41. 
Logic,  B.  R.— 386. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  479 

Longley,  F.  F.— 63. 
Longstreet,  James — 260. 
Loomis,  A.  L. — 45. 

C.  L.— 287,  321. 

Charles — 287. 

E.  C— 287. 

L.  C— 287,  321. 

S.  L.— 68,  287,  321. 

Silas— 287.    Halftone,  25. 
Lorenz,  Adolf — 62. 
Lorigan,  Kathryn — 121,  370. 
Loring,  E.  G. — 314. 

F.  B.— 314.    Halftone,  34. 
Losekam,  M.  C. — 379. 
Lovejoy,  A.  B. — 249. 

J.  N.— 249. 

J.  W.  H. — 23,  26,  38,  41,  48,  90,  92,  95,  102,  103,  no,  121,  126,  127, 
146,  152,  169,  173,  249,  418,  426,  427,  428,  430,  431,  433,  434,  441. 
Halftone,  16. 
Lovell,  Joseph — 149,  223,  427,  433.    Halftone,  11. 
Lowe,  T.  F.— 388. 

Lowrie,  H.  H. — 265.     Halftone,  20. 
Lubrech,  Hannah — 223. 
Luce,  C.  R.— 333- 
Luckett,  L.  F. — 2)2-],  374.    Halftone,  60. 

W.  F.— 327,  374.     Halftone,  38. 
Ludlow,  J.  L. — 309. 

Wm.— 381. 
Luffborough,  Eliza — 217. 

Jane — 217. 

Nathan — 217. 
Lumsden,  L.  L. — ^Z- 
Lunt,  S.  H.— 344- 
Lyon,  M.  M.  B. — 397.     Halftone,  79. 

M.  W.— 397. 

S.   B. — 321.     Halftone,  35. 
McAdory,   Robert— 384. 
McArdle,  A.  T.— 312. 

Owen — 312. 

T.  E.— vii,  49,  51,  53,  11,  80,  96,  122,  123,  145,  146,  166,  172,  176,  177, 
312,  427,  428,  429,  433,  434,  440,  441.    Halftone,  Z2>. 
Macatee,  C.  A. — 1'/2.    Halftone,  60. 

H.  C— 372,  429. 

M.  C— 372. 


480  MEDICAI^     SOCIETY 

McBlair,  J.  H. — 294.     Halftone,  32. 
McCalla,  J.  M. — 253.     Halftone,  17. 
McCleary,  J.  F.  T.— 236. 
McClellan,  G.  B.— 287,  293. 

John — 207. 
McCormack,   Charles — 233,  273.     Halftone,   49. 

E.  V.  M.— 273. 

W.  J.— 273. 
McCormick,  J.  A. — 344. 

J.  H. — 53,  180,  344,  441.     Halftone,  46. 
McCoy,  G.  W.— 64,  127,  261. 
McDonald,  Arthur — 192. 
McFarland,  Helen — 2>2'T- 

J.  M.— 327. 

S.  S.-327. 
McGee,  A.  N. — 120,  349.     Halftone,  48. 

W   J— 60,  350. 
McGregor,  Alexander — 298. 

I.  C.-363. 
McGuire,  F.  B.— 232. 

J.  C.-332. 
Machen,  F.  S.— 379-     Halftone,  66. 
Machinek,   Camillo — 374. 
McKaig,  J.  F.— 380.     Halftone,  67. 

M.  A.  L.— 380. 

Thomas — 380. 
Mackall,  J.  M.— 252,  302,  428. 

Louis,  (first)— 55,  252. 

Louis,  (second)— 26,  42,  54,  55,  85,  86,  95,  98,  102,  127,  131,  132,  154, 
252,  302,  Z2>7,  426,  427,  428,  431,  433,  434,  440.    Halftone,  17. 

Louis,  (third) — 202,  252,  302,  337,  427,  431.     Halftone,  41. 

S.    S.-252. 
McKay,  J.  G.-384. 

Kathleen — 2T2,- 
McKenney,  H.  F. — 236. 

M.  A.  F.— 236. 

Mary — 236. 

Samuel — 236. 
Mackey,  Argyle — 356. 
McKim,  J.  D.— 336. 

S.  A.  H.— 57.  85,  92,  96,  248,  433.     Halftone,  15. 
McKimmie,  O.  A.  M.— 347.     Halftone,  46. 
McKinley,   William— 46.  \ 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  48 1 

McLain,  J.  S. — 136,  339,  431.    Halftone,  4^. 

M.  L.  M.— 339. 

William — 339. 
McLaughlin,  T.  N. — 90,  91,  164,  200,  204,  330,  427,  431,  434,  441.    Half 

tone,  38. 
McMahon,  J.  P.  C— 3,  4,  216. 
McMillan,  James — 161. 
McMillin,  Benton — 136. 

McNally,  Valentine— 288,  428.     Halftone,  24. 
McPherson,  D.  M. — 392.     Halftone,  75. 
McVean,  M.  W.— 252. 

McWilliams,  Alex. — 3,  4,  5,  11,  33,  44,  106,  147,  152,  215,  283,  426,  427. 
Halftone,  25. 

A.  B. — 215,  283. 
IMaddox,  A.  8.-358. 

Julia — 320. 

W.  R.— 360.    Halftone,  52. 
]Maddren,  E.  L. — 121,  378. 
Madison,  B.  F. — 322. 

Dorothy — 234. 

James — 219. 
Magee,  M.  D.— 357,  366.     Halftone,  55. 

M.  H.— 366. 

Michael — 366. 
Magruder,  A.  F. — 242. 

C.   C.-387. 

E.  O.  M.— 298. 

E.   P.— 387.     Halftone,   73. 

E.  R.  N.— 387. 

G.  B.— 242. 

G.  L.— 29,  36,  9.3.  115,  132,  ISS.  157,  163,  i6s,  171,  172,  178,  185,  197, 
298,  400,  427,  428,  431,  433.    Halftone,  29. 

Hezekiah — 240,  241,  242.     Halftone,   15. 

J.  A.— 228. 

M.  M.— 228. 

M.  W.— 242. 

T.  C.— 298. 

W.  B.— II,  150,  151,  228.     Halftone,  12. 

Zadock — 324. 
]\Ialcolm,  William — 397. 
Malcom,  Granville — 285. 
Mallan,  T.  F.— 328.    Halftone,  38. 
Malone,  W.  P.— 368.     Halftone,  57- 
Maloney,  J.  A.— 345. 

31 


482  MEDIC AIv    SOCIETY 

Mann,  James — 207. 

Manning,  W.  P. — 327, 

Mansfield,  E. — 223. 

Marbury,  C.  C. — 360.     Halftone,  53. 

F.  M.— 360. 
John — no,  253. 
S.  C.  B.— 360. 

William — 26,  42,  54,  64,  65,  95,  102,  no,  117,  253,  421,  427,  429,  440. 
Halftone,  16. 
Marmion,  R.  A. — 91. 

W.  V. — 314.    Halftone,  34. 
Marsden,  William — 59. 
Marshall,  T.  C.  S.— 327,  441.     Halftone,  38. 
Martin,  M.  F.— 280. 

Scott— 280. 

W.  B.— 280. 
Mason,  E.  L. — 375.    Halftone,  62. 

R.  F.— 364    Halftone,  55. 

W.  B.— 389.     Halftone,  72. 

W.  P.— 60,  157. 
Masters,  Magdalene — 357. 
Masterson,  W.  L. — 362. 
Matthews,  Alexander — 276.     Halftone,  49. 

M.  E.— 251. 
Matthia— 245. 
Mattison,  J.  B. — 60. 

Maury,  T.  F.— 26,  258,  260.    Halftone,  18. 
Mauss,  R.  J. — 305. 
Maxcy,  F.  E.— 344. 

Ira— 344- 

S.  A,  F.— 344. 
May,  Frederick — 5,  9,  11,  21,  34,  44,  47,  106,  148,  152,  213,  216,  218,  225, 
229,  426,  427,  433.     Halftone,  11. 

G.  W.— 5,  II,  150,  218,  433,  434- 

J.  F. — 218,  229,  260,  322,  417,  433.    Halftone,  12. 

Wm. — 229,  322. 
Mayfield,  Clifton — 337,  431.     Halftone,  41. 
Maynard,  A.  M. — 323. 

Horace — 323. 
Mazzei,  F.  A. — 364.     Halftone,  54. 
Mead,  F.  W.— 264.     Halftone,  18. 

Theodore — 305. 
Medford,  H.  S.— 365. 
Meigs,  M.  C— 298. 


DISTRICT    OF  :  COI^UMBIA  483 

Mellott,  S.  W.— 376.     Halftone,  62. 

Melvin,  M.  B.— 248. 

Mercer,  W.  N. — 207. 

Merriam,  A.  C. — 279,  340.    Halftone,  44. 

E.  C. — 279,  340.    Halftone,  23. 

Marshall — 279. 

S.  S.— 279- 
Merrill,  W.  H.— 380.    Halftone,  67. 
Metzerott,  J.  H. — 362.     Halftone,  53. 
Meyer,  Thomas — 234. 
Middleton,  D.  W.— 272. 

H.  P. — 272.     Halftone  21. 

J.  V.  D.— 257.    Halftone,  17. 

Rozier — 352. 
Miles,  F.  T— 340. 

N.  A. — 340. 
Miller,  A.  M. — 159,  160,  161,  162. 

A.  W. — 242,  243. 

B.— 150. 

Christian — 294. 

G.  B.— 376.     Halftone,  64. 

G.  R. — 95,  226,  290.    Halftone,  26. 

Helen — 272. 

I.  S.— 243. 

J.  P. — z^l-     Halftone,  57. 

M.  E.— 367.    Halftone,  56. 

(Major) — 226. 

Thomas,  (first) — 11,  27,  33,  42,  57,  66,  67,  87,  97,  no,  150,  226,  238, 
260,  284,  290,  418,  426,  427,  428,  430,  433,  434.     Halftone,  12. 

Thomas,  (second) — 363.     Halftone,  54. 

W.  L.— 328.    Halftone,  38. 
Milnor,  M.  W.— 366. 
Minor  (Dr.) — 152. 

C.  L.-348. 
Mitchell,  J.  E.— 384.     Halftone,  70. 

J.  F.— 383.     Halftone,  69. 
Mitchill,  S.  L.— 207.    Halftone,  7. 
Monroe,  James — S,  7. 
Moore,  Charles — 195. 

Mead — 95. 

Rosalind — 387. 

S.  E.-393. 

V.  A.— 61. 

W.  c— 397. 


484  MEDICAIv    SOCIETY 

Moran,  J.  F.— 340,  434. 
Morgan,  E.  C— 330,  427.  433- 

E.  Carroll — 237,  311.     Halftone,  33. 

E.  L.— iv,  ix,  43,  172,  330,  398,  430,  440,  441-    Halftone,  39. 

E.  P.  L.— 330. 

F.  H.-355. 

F.  P.— 43,  190,  355,  429.  440-    Halftone,  50. 

J.  D.— V,  ix,  29,  82,  88,  90,  91,  172,  202,  237,  311,  329,  400,  427,  431, 

440.    Halftone,  38. 
J.  E.— 54,  64,  65,  74,  85,  92,  95,  126,  127,  139,  140,  143,  237,  279,  311, 

329,  398,  426,  430,  433,  434-     Halftone,  14. 
J.  T.-251. 
M.  E.  L.— 355. 
N.  D. — 329. 

W.  G.— 91,  368,  431-     Halftone,  57. 
Moritz,  C.  S. — 320. 
Morris,  G.  G. — 332.    Halftone,  40. 
Morse,  E.  E.— 359- 
Morsell,  J.  S.— 10. 
Morton,  Baxter— 382. 
N.  B.— 356,  399. 
R.  S. — Sec  Slaughter. 
Moses,  Catharine — 380. 
Mott,  Valentine— 44,  233. 

Motter,  M.  G.— S3,  204,  364,  427,  440.     Halftone,  56. 
Moulden,  W.  R.— 372. 
Moxon,  Walter— 277. 
Mudd,  E.  T.— 281. 
J.  A.— 275. 
M.  E.— 281. 
Thomas — 281. 
Mulcahy,  D.  D.— 381.     Halftone,  66. 
Mullens,  Priscilla — 284. 
Mulliken,  Louise — 319. 
MuUins,  J.  B.— 368.    Halftone,  58. 

John— 368. 
Muncaster,  H.  M. — 324. 

Magruder— 324,  341.    Halftone,  37. 
O.  M.— 282,  439.     Halftone,  24. 
O.  Z.— 324. 

S.  B.— 324,  341.    Halftone,  43. 
Muncey,  E.  B.— 121,  370. 
Munde,  P.  F.— 59. 
Mundell,  J.  H.— 129,  130,  319,  427,  430,  44i-     Halftone,  36. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  485 

Munding,  J.  F. — 149,  235. 
Munro,  Hector — 291. 
Miinson,  E.  L. — 61,  62,  187. 
Murdock,  E.  R. — 324. 
Murphy,  J.   A. — 391. 

J.  B.— 62. 

P-  J-— 73,  75,  143,  300,  431,  433,  434,  440.     Halftone,  30. 
Murray,  J.  D. — 389.     Halftone,  TZ- 

James — 213. 

Robert — 389. 

T.  M.— 91,  330,  440.    Halftone,  36. 
Musser,  J.  H. — 208.     Halftone,  10. 
Nalle,  R.  T.— 387. 
Nalley,  C.  F. — 290.     Halftone,  26. 
Nash,  F.  S.— 131,  343. 
Naylor   (Col.) — 270. 

M.  L.— 369. 

N.  L.-345. 

R.  W.— 270. 

W.  L.-305. 
Neale,  R.  A.— 341.    Halftone,  43. 
Nefif,  Wallace — 369,  431.    Halftone,  57. 
Nevitt,  J.  R. — 359.     Halftone,  52. 

M.  R.— 359. 

R.  K.-359. 
Newcomb,  M.  C.  H. — 349. 

Simon — 349. 
Newell,  W.  S.— 378.     Halftone,  (>:>,■ 
Newgarden,  G.  J. — 396. 
Newman,  H,-  M. — 259,  311.    Halftone,  33. 

W.  G.  H.— 64,  85,  258,  259,  311-     Halftone,  18. 
Newton,  L.  E. — 302. 
Nichols,  Adams — 243. 

C.  H.— 35.  85,  253,  254.    Halftone,  16. 
E.  F.  I.-365. 

G.  C.-36S. 

J.  B.— 91,  177,  201,  357,  365,  427,  441-    Halftone,  56. 
Nicholson,  William — 314.     Halftone,  34. 
Nordhoff,  S.  A.  (^Scc  Jung)— 120,  358,  364.    Halftone,  56. 
Norris,  Basil — 294. 

J.  C.— 282. 

P.  R. — ix,  121,  361.    Halftone,  49. 
Norton,  A.  B. — 293. 

D.  S.— loi. 


486  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

Norton.  Rupert— 358,  431. 

T.  M.— 327. 

W.  M. — 295. 
Norvell,  E.  W. — 335. 
Nowlan,  A.  E. — 263. 
Noxton,  W. — 294. 
Ober,  G.  C— 96,  321,  433,  434. 
O'Donoghue,   Florence — 274. 

J.  A.-378. 
Offutt,  G.  W.— 305. 
Ogle,  Joseph— 358. 

Samuel — 358. 
Oldroj'd,   Daisy — Z'JT. 

O.  H.-377. 
O'Mallev,  A.  J.— 354. 

C.  W.-3S5. 

Diarmuid — 355. 

Mary — 121,  395.     Halftone,  79. 

William— 355. 
Orr,  Etta — 349. 

Osier,  Wm. — 61,  208,  329.    Halftone,  9. 
Osmun,  C.  J. — 325. 
Otis,  G.  A.— 208.     Halftone,  8. 
Owen,  A.  B.— 281. 

A.  E.  D.— 281. 

M.  E.— 281. 

N.  C.  C— 392. 

R.  D.-237. 

R.  L.— 392. 

W.  O.— 392.     Halftone,  77. 
Owens,  S.  L.— 388.    Halftone,  71. 
Page,  R.  A.— 303. 

W.  M. — 307. 
Paine,  Abigail — 287. 
Palmer,  E.  G.— 352. 

G.  S. — 299.    Halftone,  30. 

(Mrs.)— 337- 

W.  G. — 146,  152,  247,  284,  352,  426,  429,  433.     Halftone,  15. 

W.  H.— 208. 
Pancoast,  G.  L. — 278. 

Joseph — 278. 

R.  N.— 278. 

S.  A.— 278. 
Parke,  J.  G.— 262. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI.UMBIA  487 


Parker,  E.  M.— 394. 

H.  P.— 391-    Halftone,  75. 

Margaret — 366. 
Parrish,  Joseph — 207. 
Parsons,  A.  V. — 379. 

Eliphalet — 379. 

J.  D.-304. 

M.  A.— 120,  121,  330,  427,  431.     Halftone,  38. 

S.  F.  W.— 329. 
Parvin,  Theophilus — 208.     Halftone,  8. 
Patterson,  A.  C. — 289,  330. 

D.  C— 49,  146,  289,  330,  433.    Halftone,  24. 

J.  W.— loi. 

Jeanie — 270. 
Patze,  Adolphus — 75,  116,  123,  268,  430. 
Paxton,  Miniana — 273. 
Payne,  Anna — 234. 
Pearce,  H.  O. — 356. 

I.  A.-356. 

M.  A.— 356. 
Peary,  R.  E.— 334,  342. 
Pechin,  Henrietta — 272. 

William — 272. 
Pelham,  A.  F.— 389. 

John— 389. 

IM.  M.— 389. 
Pelouze,  T.  J. — 262. 
Penrose,  G.  B. — 60. 
Perkins,  W.  R. — 390.    Halftone,  75. 
Perry,  B.  F. — 232. 

G.  N.— 347.    Halftone,  48. 

M.  L.— 253. 

O.  H.— 216. 

V.  L.— 198. 

(Judge)— 253. 
Peter,  Armistead — 266,  431,  433,  440.    Halftone,  19. 

George — 266. 
Petteys,  C.  V.— 348.     Halftone,  47.  • 

J.  A.  K.-348. 

M.  D.— 348. 
Pettigrew,  Augusta — 343. 
Peyton,  Francis — 248. 

Laura — 248. 


4oo  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

Phillips,  D.  P.— 385. 

James— 65,  273. 

N.  F.  W.— 385. 

W.  F.  R.— 202,  385. 
Physick,  P.  S. — 207.     Halftone,  7. 
Pickford,  E.  F. — 371.     Halftone,  59. 
Pierce,  A.  S. — 294.     Halftone,  27. 

Joshua — 40. 
Pile,  M.  M.— 120,  344.    Halftone,  "jy. 
Pinckney,   Wm. — 87. 
Polk,  J.  K.— 13. 

Polkinhorn,  H.  A. — 370.     Halftone,  58. 
Pool,  B.  G. — 38,  166,  313,  427,  431,  440.    Halftone,  32. 
Porter,  Blanche — 285. 

Fitz  John — 260. 

H.  T.-303. 

J.  J.— 285,  303. 
Portman,  A.  E.  M. — 121,  361. 
Posey  (Miss) — 241. 
Potter,  Benjamin — 292. 

Lindorf — 292. 

M.  E.— 292. 

Nathaniel — 207. 

W.  W. — 292.     Halftone,  27. 
Poulton,  W.  E.— 285.    Halftone,  27. 
Powell,  W.  H.— 211. 
Prentiss,  B.  M. — 244. 

Caleb — 271. 

D.  W.— 23,  74,  T7,  127,  143,  147,  154,  157,  169,  271,  272,  369,  ^Hi,  426, 
427,  431,  433,  440,  441.    Halftone,  19. 

D.  W.,  Jr. — 204,  271,  369,  yiZ,  431,  441-    Halftone,  58. 

E.  C— 271,  369,  nz-    Halftone,  78. 
S.  C— 271. 

W.  H.— 271. 
Price,  J.  F.— 337. 

Joseph — 60. 
Purrington,  Tobias — 102,  257. 
Purvis,  C.  B. — 100. 
Quinn,  M.  A.— 358. 
RadcliflFe,  Joseph — 251. 

S.  J.— 251.    Halftone,  16. 
Radetzkeys — 235. 
Rahter,  C.  A.— 271. 
Raines,  B.  R.— 283. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI,UMBIA  489 

Ramsburgh,  D.  H.  B.— 367. 

J.  H.— 367.    Halftone,  56. 

J.  S.-367. 
Ramsey,  W.  T. — 301. 
Rand,  C.  F.— 305.    Halftone,  29. 
Randall,  D.  K.— 221. 
^  John — 221. 

Richard — 148,  220.     Halftone,  (i^. 
Randolph,  B.  M.— 384. 
Rapley,  M.  F. — 340. 
Rauch,  J.  H. — 260. 
Ray,  A.  M.— 380.     Halftone,  65. 
Reed,  Walter — 46,  61,  62,  131,  183. 
Reede,  E.  H.— 384. 
Reeve,  J.  N. — z-]^.    Halftone,  60. 
Reeves,  W.  P. — z^y.    Halftone,  59. 
Reichelderfer,  L.  H. — 377.     Halftone,  ^i. 
Reily,  J.  R.— 276.     Halftone,  22. 
Reisinger,  E.  W. — 131,  350,  431.     Halftone,  48. 

Julia— 350. 

W.  W.— 350. 
Repetti,  F.  F.— 376.    Halftone,  64. 

J-  J-— 382.    Halftone,  69. 
Reuss,  P.  J. — 246. 
Reville,  L.  M.— 121,  381. 
Reyburn,  E.  F. — 282. 

Eugenia — 282. 

J.  B.— 282. 

James — 282. 

Robert— 23,  26,  48,  72,  74,  ^(i,  93,  96,  124,  126,  132,  136,  158,  167,  169, 
183,  187,  281,  301,  427,  431.     Halftone,  24. 

Robert,  Jr.— 282. 
Reynolds,  R.  M.— 275. 
Rhett,  Benjamin — 261. 

H.  J.— 370.     Halftone,  78. 

T.  S.— 261. 
Rice,  Annie — 39. 

G.  L. — 271.    Halftone,  20. 
Rich,  F.  R— 358. 
Richards,  Alfred — 383.     Halftone,  69. 

F.  P.— 248,  265. 

John — 248,  265. 

N.  D. — 120,  352.     Halftone,  48. 

R.  B.— 248. 


490  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Richards,  S.  A. — 259. 

Samuel — 248,  259. 
Richardson,  A.  B. — 46,  198. 

C.  A.— 328. 

C.  F.  E.— 328. 

C.  W.— gi,  328,  427,  431,  434,  440.     Halftone,  38. 

E.  E.— 383. 
Elizabeth — y]6. 

J-  J- — 376.     Halftone,  61. 
R.  P.— 376. 
W.  W.— 382. 
Richey,  E.  J.— 310. 

F.  O.— 310. 

S.  O.— S3,  91,  310,  434.    Halftone,  33. 
Rider,  Mary— 259. 
Ridgate,  M.  E. — 255. 
Ridgely,  John — 221. 
Riggles,  J.  L. — Z7T-    Halftone.  61. 
Riggs,  E.  F. — 40. 
Riley,  F.  C— 252. 

J.  C— 92,  225,  247,  354,  429,  430,  433-    Halftone.  15. 

Joshua — II,  85,  86,  92,  225,  247,  252,  266,  306,  417,  427,  433.     Half- 
tone, II. 

Luther — 207. 
Ringgold,  Frank — 229. 

S.  B.  L.— 229. 
Ritchie,  J.  A. — 230,  268.     Halftone,  13. 

L.  W. — 36,  231,  268,  306.     Halftone,  21. 

Thomas — 239,  331. 
Ritter,  F.  W.— 281. 

H.  P.-44. 
Rivinus,  E.  F. — 232. 
Roane,  James — 370. 
Robbins,  H.  A. — ix,  276.     Halftone,  22. 

M.  B.  T.— 276. 

Z.  C— 276. 
Roberts,  A.  L. — 231. 

Charles — 231. 

Edith— 367. 

J.  M. — 64,  231,  270.    Halftone,  13. 

W.  E. — 231,  270,  367,  440.    Halftone,  20. 
Robertson,  L.  M. — 232. 

Samuel — 232. 
Robins,  E.  A.  P.— 351. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  4gi 

Robins,  J.  B. — 351. 

W.  L.— 351,  431-    Halftone,  47. 
Rodes,  R.  E. — 251. 
Rogers,  E.  €.—385. 

J.  D.-385. 

S.  E.-385. 

W.  E.— 392.     Halftone,  "j^y. 
Roman,  F.  O. — 358.    Halftone,  52. 

I.  0.-358. 

Richard — 358. 
Rosenau,  M.  J. — 63,  183. 

Ross,  W.  H. — 72,  298,  428,  440.    Halftone,  29. 
Rosse,  I.  C. — 317,  427, 

John— 317. 

Z.  H.-317. 
Rotch,  T.  M.— 63. 
Roy,  P.  S.— SI,  330. 
Ruedy,  R.  C— 387.     Halftone,  71. 
Ruffin,  G.  M.— 351,  388.     Halftone,  71. 

Sterling — 177,  201,  351,  388,  431.     Halftone,  47. 
Rush,  Benjamin — i,  215,  219.  ■' 

Russell,  H.  C— 347. 

M.  W.— 208.    Halftone,  9. 

W.  R.— 282.     Halftone,  27. 
Salmon,  D.  N.—(i2,  183. 
Salter,  Francis — 294. 
Samson,  G.  W.— 87. 
Santee,  E.  M.— 62. 
Sappington,  Francis— 217. 

Harriet — 217. 
Saunders,  S.  C. — 298. 

W.  H.— 240,  417,  429. 
Savage,  L.  S. — 365.     Halftone,  56. 
Sawtelle,  H.  F.— 397. 

Schaeffer,  E.  M.— 23,  ^6,   127,  142,  152,  154,  300,  431.  434,  44i-     Half- 
tone, 30. 

G.  C.— 300. 
Schafhirt,  Frederick — 270. 
Schmidt,  E.  A.— 272. 

Fred — 272. 
Schmitt,  Wilhelmina — 263. 
Schneider,  E.  C. — 394. 

F.  A.— 386.    Halftone,  70. 

(Miss)— 303. 


492  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

Scholl,  Joseph — 2"/^. 

Schott,  Theodore — 63. 

de  Schweinitz,  E.  A. — 46,  61,  62,  179,  180,  183,  441. 

Scott,  Catharine — 220. 

Elizabeth— 288. 

J.  F. — ZZI-    Halftone,  42. 

Judson — 244. 

M.  E.  H.— 224. 

Robert— 288. 

T.  C— 150,  224,  429,  433. 
Seibert,  E.  G. — 374.    Halftone,  60. 

J.  W.-374. 

L.  L.— 374- 
Sellhausen,  E.  A. — 330. 
Semmes,  A.  J. — 26,  46,  249,  429. 

M.  N.  J.— 249. 

Raphael — 249. 

Thomas — 21,  151,  220,  433.    Halftone,  11. 
Sewall,  P.  C. — 222. 

Thomas— vi,  3,  11,  15,  33,  44,  106,  147,  148,  222,  231,  233,  234,  236, 
427,  428,  433.    Halftone,  11. 
Shaaflf,  J.  T. — 5,  21,  24,  218,  433.    Halftone,  10. 
Shadd,  F.  J.,  erroneously  J.  F.  Shadd  in  the  text — 100. 
Shakspeare,  E.  O. — 59. 
Shands,  A.  R. — 354,  427.     Halftone,  51. 
Shattuck,  F.  C— 208.     Halftone,  9. 
Shaw,  I.  A. — 393. 

J.  W. — ^391.     Halftone,  75. 
Shekell,  A.  B.— 286.      Halftone,  25. 
Shippen,  WilHam — 219. 
Shoup,  Jesse — 379.     Halftone,  61. 
Shute,  D.  K. — 204,  342,  427,  431,  440.    Halftone,  44. 

J.  C.  K.-342. 

S.  M.— 342. 
Sibley,  William — 40. 
Sickles,  D.  E.— 151. 
Sillcock,  Quarry — 389. 
Sim,   Joseph — 215. 

Thomas — 3,  4,  5,  21,  24,  106,  149,  215,  426,  427,  433. 
Simms,  H.  C. — 248. 
Simpson,  J.  C. — 366.     Halftone,  56. 
Sims,  J.  M. — 45. 
Sioussat,  Annie — 344. 
Slaughter,  B.  R. — 121,  382,  399.    Halftone,  69. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  493 

Small,  A.  E.— 328. 
Smallwood,  S.  N. — 106. 
Smart,  Charles — 62,  155. 
Smith,  A.  H.— 61. 

C.  A. — ^2.     Halftone,  59. 

D.  G. — 384,  440.    Halftone,  70. 

E.  E.— 393- 
Elizabeth — 240. 

F.  H.— 214. 
H.  M.— 268. 
J.  E.-283. 
J.  L.-283. 
L.  P.-3S7. 
M.  T.— 240. 
Mary — 244. 

N.  R.— 255,  259. 

Nannie — 255. 

Nathan — 255. 

T.  C— 42,  59,  60,  79,  91,  96,  97,  121,  122,  152,  166,  167,  209,  268,  426, 
427,  428,  431,  433.     Halftone,  21. 

Wm. — 240. 
Smoot,  S.  C. — 98,  234.    Halftone,  13. 
Snowden,  Arthur — ZZ^- 

Edgar— 391. 
Snyder,  A.  A. — 96,  253,  326.    Halftone,  ZT- 

J.  M. — 253,  326.    Halftone,  17. 
Sohon,  Frederick — 177,  ZZZ-    Halftone,  39. 
Sothoron,  E.  H. — 304,  338,  441.    Halftone,  42. 

J.  T.— 23,  142,  304,  338,  398.    Halftone,  31. 
Southworth,  E.  D.  E.  N.— 285. 

R.  J.— 285.    Halftone,  (yT. 
Sowers,  W.  F.  M. — 300,  396.    Halftone,  79. 

Z.  T. — 40,  91,  93,  136,  160,  164,  169,  185,  187,  300,  396,  427,  431.   Half- 
tone, 30. 
Spackman,  M.  D. — 119,  120. 
Speake,  J.  M. — 242. 

R.  H.— 242. 
Spence,  John — 207. 
Spratling,  W.  P. — d^. 

Sprigg,  W.  M. — 91,  180,  183,  190,  331,  431,  441.    Halftone,  39. 
Squire,  L.  T.— 360. 

S.  J. — 121,  360.    Halftone,  52. 
Stansbury,  C.  F. — 296. 

E.  R.— 296. 


494  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Stansbury,  K.  M. — 296. 

Stanton,  J.  O. — 295,  431.     Halftone,  28. 

Staples,  A.  H.— 380.    Halftone,  66. 

Starr,  E.  C. — 121,  392.    Halftone,  yd. 

Staughton,  J.  M. — 147,  149,  224,  433.    Halftone,  "JT. 

M.  H. — 224. 

William — 224. 
Stavely,  A.  L.— 98,  361.    Halftone,  52. 
St.  Clair,  F.  A.— 341.    Halftone,  43. 
Stearns,  John — 297. 

S.  S.— 297. 
Steltz,  P.  H.— 384.    Halftone,  70. 
Stephan,  M.  C— 371. 

Sternberg,  G.  M. — 61,  62,  61,  117,  182,  183,  208.    Halftone,  9. 
Stettinius,  J.  W.  D.— 265. 
Stewart,  J.  D. — 252. 

M.  A.— 266. 

W.  D.— 321. 
Stickney,  William — 40. 
Stiles,  C.  W.— 61,  62,  63,  183. 
St.  Martin,  Alexis— 58. 
Stokes,  H.  N.— 183. 
Stone,  C.  D.  N.— 340. 

C.  G.— 340,  431.    Halftone,  44. 

H.  F.— 322. 

I.  S. — 91,  204,  341,  427.    Halftone,  49. 

J.  H.-341. 

J.  L.-316. 

Llewellyn — 340. 

M.  A.  S.— 341. 

M.  R.— 316. 

R.  F. — 210. 

R.  K— 55,  98,  234,  238,  316,  331,  433.    Halftone,  14. 

Roberta — 330. 

T.  R.— 238,  331.    Halftone,  40. 

W.  H.— 340. 
Storch,  B.  A.— 353. 

C.  M.— 353- 
Storrow,  S.  A.— 258,  259. 
Story,  J.  J.-385. 

L.  E.-385. 
Stout,  A.  M.— 313. 

Stoutenburgh,  J.  A. — 352,  431.     Halftone,  49. 
Stowell,  C.   H.— 51,  80,  96,   176,  338. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  495 

Stowell,  D.  p.— 338. 

Strait,  N.  S— 210. 

Street,  D.  B.— 348,  zn.    Halftone,  60. 

D.  B.,  Jr.-348,  372. 
Strickler,  M.  B.— 381.    Halftone,  65. 
Strobel,  M.  L.— 121,  zyz.    Halftone,  62. 
Stromberger,  H.  H. — ^382.    Halftone,  68. 
Stuart,  A.  R.— 356. 

Albert— 356. 

B.  R.— 352. 
James— 352. 

Suddarth,  J.  L. — 297.    Halftone,  28. 

Sullivan,  T.  J.— 397. 

Sumner,  Charles — loi,  102,  236. 

H.  A.  W.— 340. 

J.  J.— 40,  120,  340. 

Watson — 340. 
Suter,  Henderson — 327,  372.    Halftone,  zi- 

W.  N. — 327,  372. 
Sutherin,  J.  W.— 394. 
Sweetman,  J.  T. — 328. 
Sydebotham,  Mary — 218. 
Sylvester,  George — 270. 
Syme,  W.  H. — 393. 
Symonds,  T.  W. — 59,  154. 
Talbott,  J,  A.— 392.     Halftone,  Tj. 
Tanner,  James — 234. 
Tappan,  J.  C— 382. 
Tarkington,  J.  A. — 300.    Halftone,  30. 
Tayler-Jones,  Louise — 121,  383.     Halftone,  68. 
Tayloe,  S.  C— 253. 

W.  H.-2S3. 
Taylor,  A.  K.— 318. 

C.  M.— 229. 

E.  D.— 307. 
E.  R.-3I5- 

L.  H.— 385,  441. 
L.  M.— 319. 

T.  J.-341. 

Thomas — 318.     Halftone,  36. 

W.  P.— 198. 

W.  H. — 48,  142,  152,  258,  259,  398,  427,  431,  439.    Halftone,  18. 

Wm. — 207. 

Zachariah — 144. 


496  MEDICAL    SOCIETY 

Teller,  H.  M.— 136. 
Tenney,  Franklin — 266. 

Georgette — 266. 
Thonssen,  W.  J.  R.— 371.     Halftone,  59. 
Thomas,  A.  R. — 120,  360,  441.     Halftone,  52. 

J.  D.— 177,  363,  427,  431.  440,  441-    Halftone,  54. 

J.  M.— 25,  229,  433. 

J.  R.— 360. 

P.  S.— 229. 

R.  D.— 360. 
Thompson,  A.  E.  Y.— 268. 

Benedict — 70,  95,  268,  290,  388,  431,  433,  440.     Halftone,  26. 

Charles — 268,  290. 

E.  D.— 381. 

Eliza — 290. 

H.  P.  P.— 347.     Halftone,  45. 

J.  F.— 23,  38,  54,  57,  58,  72,  T2>,  7^,  85,  97,  100,  116,  117,  123,  124,  126, 
132,  133,  152,  154,  268,  290,  301,  312,  426,  427,  431,  433,  434,  440. 
Halftone,  19. 

J.  H.— 35,  58,  67,  68,  273,  309,  440.    Halftone,  22. 

J.  H.,  Jr.— 273,  309. 

J.  L. — 290,  388.    Halftone,  72- 

M.  F.— 323.    Halftone,  36. 

M.  v.— 312. 

Naomi — 245. 
Thornton,  J.  B.  C— 229. 

Wm. — 221,  427.     Halftone,  il. 
Thruston,  Buckner — 10,  11. 
Thyson,  H.  A. — 375. 
Tidd,  B.  A.— 287. 
Tiefenthaler,  B.  F.— 377. 
Tobias,  H.  W.— 384.     Halftone,  79. 
Todd,  S.  J.— 269.    Halftone,  20. 
Tomlinson,  Kate — 359. 
Tompkins,  D.  D. — 7. 

E.  L. — Z2,7,  440.     Halftone,  42. 
Toner,  J.  E.— 348.     Halftone,  47- 

J.  M. — iii,  iv,  viii,  i,  4,  5,  8,  9,  11,  14,  23,  26,  27,  28,  34,  35,  41.  42,  47, 
SZ,  55,  64,  66,  67,  75,  84,  85,  86,  87,  90,  94.  95,  97-  99-  102.  103,  105, 
126,  127,  129,  133,  134,  141,  142,  165,  209,  229,  255,  256.  426,  427, 
430,  433,  434,  440.    Halftone,  17. 
Townshend,  Smith — 142,  143,  167,  303.     Halftone,  31. 
Trautmann,  Barthold — 278. 

Charles — 278. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  497 

Tree,  C.  M.— 95,  102,  283.     Halftone,  25. 
Trescott,  E.  W.— 98. 
Trimble,  R.  S. — 397. 
Triplett,  A.  V.  M.— 273. 

J.  J-—273- 

L.— 273. 

W.  H.— 23,  75,  76,  117,  124,  126,  273,  ,427,  431,  433.    Halftone,  22, 
Trist,  H.  B.— 265. 

N.  R.— 265. 

V.  R.— 265. 
Trott,  T.  H.— 312.     Halftone,  33. 
Truax,  Charles — 62. 
Truesdell,  George — 157. 
Tryon,  J.  R.— 208.    Halftone,  9. 
Tubman,  J.  R. — 365.    Halftone,  55. 
Tucker,  A.  W. — 100. 

Maurice — 278. 

W.  M.— 238,  429. 

W.  P.— 365.    Halftone,  55. 
Turner,  J.  P.— 63. 

S.  S.— 286. 
Twanley,  James — 222. 

S.  R.— 222. 
Tyler,  A.  C. — 120,  361.     Halftone,  53. 

A.  H.  P.— 237. 

Grafton— 26,  46,  57,  84,  85,  87,  96,  109,  237,  249,  253,  254,  296,  426, 
428,  433.     Halftone,  14. 

John — 215,  217,  3x1. 

Lachlan— 40,  78,  79,  311,  433. 

M.  M.— 296. 

W.  B.— 237,  296.     Halftone,  28. 
Tyson,  Elisha — 239. 

S.  E. — 239.     Halftone,   14. 
Vale,  F.  P. — 91,  357,  441.     Halftone,  51. 
Van  Aernam,  J.  N. — 118. 
Van  Arnum,  J.  W. — 292.    Halftone,  35. 
Van   Buren,  Abraham — 233. 

Beekman — 233. 

Johannes — 233. 

Martin — 11,  13. 

W.  H. — 233.    Halftone,  13. 
Van  Meters — 312. 

Van  Renssalaer,  John — 343,  427.     Halftone,  46. 
Van  Vliet,  Z.  F.  C— 311.    Halftone,  33. 

32 


498  MEDICAIv    SOCIKTY 

Van  Zandt,  M.  G.— 331. 
Vaughan,  F.  E.  S.— 386. 

G.  T.— 61,  62,  386,  427.     Halftone,  ^z. 

W.  L.— 386. 
Venable,  M.  T.— 386. 

W.  G.— 386. 
Verdi,  T.  S. — no,  112,  114,  115. 
Vincent,  T.  N.— 348.    Halftone,  48. 
Von  Ezdorf,  R.  H.— 357.     Halftone,  51. 
De  Vries,  J.  C. — 371. 
Waggaman,  S.  J. — 321. 
Wagner,  W.  F. — 391.     Halftone,  75. 
Walker,  Allen — 350. 

L.  A.— 379. 

R.  R.— 385.     Halftone,  70. 
Wall,  J.  S.— 377,  399,  434,  44i-    Halftone,  59. 
Walsh,  Elizabeth — ^343, 

F.  C— 270,  371. 
J.  C— 270. 

J.  E.— 343.     Halftone,  43. 

J.  J.— 62,  343. 

J.  K.— 239. 

Joseph — 239,  240. 

M.  C. — ^240, 

Ralph — vii,  viii,  ^(),  77,  133,  167,  270,  371,  431.    Halftone,  21. 

S.  A.  K.— 270. 
Walter,  John — 305.     Halftone,  31. 

W.  F.— 353.    Halftone,  53. 
Ward  (Miss) — 229. 

W.  K.— 370. 

William— 318. 
Warfield,  C.  A.— 217. 

Eliza — 217. 

Peregrine— 3,  4,  5,  11,  149,  217,  242,  427,  433. 
Waring,  H.  S. — 223. 

J-  J— 253,  254,  269,  272. 

W.  R.— 265. 
Warner,  L.  H. — 62. 
Warren  (Dr.) — 150. 

G.  W.— 380.      Halftone,  65. 
J.  C— 207.    Halftone,  7. 

Washington,  Bailey — 222,  433. 

George — i,  219,  220,  221,  222,  324,  326,  346,  369. 

Lawrence — 222. 
Waterhouse,  Benjamin — 207.     Halftone,  7. 


DISTRICT    OF    COI^UMBIA  499 


Waters,  C.  L. — 390. 

W.  H.— 243. 
Watkins,  Alfred — 267. 

E.  H.  E.-354. 

E.  W.— 383.    Halftone,  68. 

Louis— 354. 

S.  E.— 354-     Halftone,  50. 

V.  E.— 366. 
Watson,  I.  A. — 211. 
Watts,  Isaac — 266. 
Weaver,  C.  A. — 359. 
Webb,  A.  J. — 319. 

J.  W.-319. 
Weightman,  Richard — 4,  5,  40,  219,  430. 

Richard,  should  be  Roger  C. — 17. 

Robert  C,  should  be  Roger  C. — 219. 
Wellington,  J.  R.— 348,  427,  431.     Halftone,  49. 
Wells,  C.  A.— 361. 

M.  L.  H.— 361. 

W.  A.— 83,  199,  358,  361,  440.    Halftone,  52. 

W.  S— vii,  76,  308. 
Werber,  Frederick — 380. 

Gustavus — 380.     Halftone,  (^. 

Louisa — 380. 
West,  G.  W.— 320.    Halftone,  35. 

J.  S.— 320. 
Wheeler,  G.  M.— 309. 

Joseph— 251. 
Whitaker,  G.  M.— 63. 
White,  C.  S.— 378,  440.    Halftone,  64. 

Catharine — 282. 

S.  R.-311. 

W.  A. — 63,  132,  203. 
Whitefoot,  R.  M.— 280.     Halftone,  23. 
Whitley,  W.  H.— 286. 
Whitney,  Lelia — 332. 
Whitson,  W.  E.— 369.     Halftone,  57. 
Wiley,  H.  W.— 61,  62,  6z,  133- 
Wilkinson,  Oscar — 381.     Halftone,  65. 

W.  W.— 389,  441.    Halftone,  78. 
Willard,  H.  A.— no. 

J.  C.-109. 

S.  D.— 277. 
Willctt,  J.  E.— 254.     Halftone,  17. 


»  -^ 


500  MEDICAI,    SOCIETY 

William  the  Conqueror — 397. 
William  of  Orange — 369. 
Williams,  Bodisco — 274. 

H.  H.-350. 

John — 10,  150. 

T.  A.-63. 
Williamson,  A.  N. — 283. 
Willson,  Prentiss — 391. 
Wilmer,  W.  H.  ~gi,  336.    Halftone,  41. 
Wilson,  A.  A.— 120,  351,  431.     Halftone,  47. 

A.  B.— 273. 

Henry— 288. 

Huldah— 283. 

J-  C.-273. 

J.  M.— 243. 

J.  M.  (U.  S.  A.)— 160. 

M.  D.— 283. 

M.  L.— 273. 

(Miss) — 247. 

William — 283. 
Wilstach,  C.  F. — 151,  223,  429. 

Charles — 223. 
Winegarner,  Mary — 335. 

Samuel— 335. 
Winter,  Benjamin — 297. 

E.  C.  C— 297,  331.    Halftone,  39. 

E.  F.— 297. 

J.  T.— 40,  91,  297,  331,  427,  434.    Halftone,  29. 

Thomas — 297. 
Wise,  H.  A. — 244. 

J.  C.-63. 

John — 279 

T.  W.— 279.    Halftone,  23. 

Tully— 149. 
Wislizenus,  F.  A. — 244.    Halftone,  77. 
Witmer,  A.  H. — 330. 
Wolfe,  Frederick — 275. 
Wolhaupter,  D.  P.— 285,  356.    Halftone,  25. 

W.  E.— 285,  356.    Halftone,  50. 
Wood — 295. 

G.  B.— 241. 

G.  W. — 364,  431.     Halftone,  54. 
■.       W.  M.— 208. 
Woodbury,  H.  E. — 265.     Halftone,  21. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA  5OI 

Woodward,  Anion — 243. 

J-  J- — 59,  208,  309.     Halftone,  8. 

Julia— 243. 

M.  J.  P.— 3^2. 

M.  R.— 342. 

W.  C. — S3,  91,  105,  136,   160,   162,  163,  164,  177,  179,   180,   182,  342. 
427,  431,  441.    Halftone,  43. 
Woolever,  Margaret — 396. 
Wooley,  G.  W.— 294. 
Worthington,  A.  S.— 188. 

Charles — 3,  4,  5,  21,  98,  148,  213,  217,  426,  433.     Halftone,  10. 

John — 213. 

N.  W.— 5,  II,  15,  41,  44,  148,  213,  217,  429,  430,  433,  434. 
Wotherspoon,   A.   S. — 243. 
Wright,  A.  E.—62. 

H.  K.-394. 

J.  J.  B.-301. 
Wyman,  Walter — 61,  208.    Halftone,  9. 
Yarnall,  J.  H. — ix,  351.    Halftone,  47. 
Yarrow,  C.  C. — 309. 

H.  C. — 309.     Halftone,  32. 

John — 309. 
Yates,  Frederick — 388.    Halftone,  71. 
Young,  A.  S. — 248. 

C.  B.— 291. 

J.  T. — 272,  427,  433.     Halftone,  19. 

Noble — II,  15,  25,  26,  46,  68,  76,  95,  107,  116,  127,  140,  149,  227,  427, 
433'  439-     Halftone,   12. 

P.  G.— 304.     Halftone,  31. 

W.  G. — 392.    Halftone,  74. 

W.  P.— 260. 
Zevely,  E.  A. — 305.    Halftone,  31. 


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3   1158  00640   1466 


